International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology

Vol. 29, No. 1, (2020), pp. 1654 - 1663

The Implementation of Scrum Framework for Developing

Fundraising Mobile Applications

Ginanjar Wiro Sasmito1, Achmad Fauzan2

Department of Informatic Engineering, Politeknik Harapan Bersama, Indonesia1
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Islam Indonesia2
E-mail : [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
Funds can be used for any purpose, both for physical and non-physical purposes, for
example: infrastructure, scholarships, social activities, and etc. The limited budget and
the large number of needs make fundraising occasionally necessary. Fundraising is
usually held by non-profit organizations. In fact, fundraising usually meets with several
obstacles, such as: the amount of time and resources to deliver information, low accuracy
in disseminating information, less choices methods of funding, low level of public trust,
and less optimal of fundraising calculation. According to the obstacles above, one of the
solutions is to produce a mobile-based software application to raise fund. The application
is developed with the Scrum framework to make it faster to be resolved, by using the
scrum framework, completing a mobile application for fundraising only takes 35 days.
The application makes disseminating information, notification system, and the community
easily to access and provide fund in real time. It is also help the process of collection and
calculation discovered in real time. SUS examined the usability of this mobile application
and the result is 82.1%.

Keywords: Mobile Apps, Fundraising, Scrum

1. Introduction
Funds are amount of money which is allocated for particular purpose [1]. Funds are
set of independent accounts which are designed to carry out certain activities and
purposes based on the funder agreement [2]. Funds can be used for any purpose, both for
physical and non-physical purposes, for example: infrastructure, scholarships, social
activities, and etc [3]. The limited budget and the large number of needs make fundraising
occasionally necessary. Fundraising is a process of seeking and collecting voluntary
financial contributions involving individuals, businesses, foundations, charities, or
government institutions [4]. A fundraising is usually held by non-profit organizations [5].
In fact, a fundraising usually meets with several obstacles, such as: the amount of time
and resources to deliver information, low accuracy in disseminating information, less
choices methods of funding, low level of public trust, less optimal of fundraising
calculation [6]. Those are the obstacles that often fundraising meet both in country side
and town.
According to the obstacles above, one of the solutions is to produce a mobile-based
software application to raise fund, since this application has a lot of benefits to be applied
[7]. Mobile application is contextually related to user based on the location and time [8].
The development of this application is used to inform the fundraising event and to the
result of fundraising. To make it more effective and efficient this application also
accommodates fundraising in cash or non-cash (bank transfer or virtual money). The
history of funders is also can be accessed. This mobile application is also the pioneer of
mobile application developed in emulator [9]. Furthermore, this application can be
downloaded freely in Google Play Store, since Google has the largest number of users
comparing with other competitors.

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The fundraising application is developed by adopting Scrum framework which

manages the product development repeatedly and sequence [11]. Scrum is an agile
framework which emphasize on software development. It is designed for a development
team (3 to 9 members) which solve the problems as an action time boxed literature [12].
It can be concluded that the strategy of using Scrum framework to develop the product is
flexible and holistic, as the team has the same objective, ignore the traditional approach,
sequence in product development [13].
The use of Scrum framework in developing the mobile application still needs some
extra process in implementing phase such as deciding priority; it has to be conducted
since Scrum does not cover the whole product development cycle and it has hybrid aspect
[14]. In developing fundraising applications which adopt Scrum as frameworks there are
crucial things need to be owned, such as full timers and collaborative team, a specific skill
team, an accurate plan, a daily evaluation, an optimal coordination between teams in
“sprint”, and detail examination [15]. By using Scrum the development of mobile
applications can be achieved successfully.

2. Related Work
An effort to integrate CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration) method with
agile method to raise business performance has been conducted by software development
company. This research uses new approach to map between new version of CMMI 1.3
and Scrum. This map has been analyzed, upgraded, and applied in the same company.
The result of the research shows that this approach can achieve 37% satisfaction and 17%
partial satisfaction for CMMI specific practice. This is similar to increase 19.4%
satisfaction and 6.2% partial satisfaction compare with other related researches which not
use the new version of CMMI [16].
The application of agile method to develop global software company has been also
application conducted; this is proven by researching about the of agile method in 40
companies of Malaysia and Norway. The Scrum is truly applied to do teleconference and
web camera for daily scrum meeting with synchronized 4 weeks sprint and weekly scrum-
of-scrum. The practice of agile method to support distribution project is firstly identified
by identifying frequently visit, informal meeting, and yearly meeting [17].
Agile hybrid model was conducted in a project by using scrum and feature driven
development (FDD). Scrum and FDD are two management project methods which have
their advantages and disadvantages. Scrum strictly manages the schedule and FDD
prioritizes the quality of project or task. In a bank domain project which involves large
volume and data transaction shows that this combination achieve 10% more efficient in
quality and customer satisfaction [18].
Scrum method has also been successfully applied in the area of education namely in
distribution project of online learning community for higher education. The online
learning community has several positive effects for students such as increased learning,
involvement, retention, and lower risk of isolation and dropping out of school. The
distributed Scrum has been studied to support establishing an online learning community
based on student perspectives including the effects and the solutions. Student perceptions
were investigated by interviews and the results showed that students were very satisfied
with the Scrum project that was distributed and they experienced a higher degree of
flexibility during the project, the level of interaction, communication and collaboration
can also be effectively conducted online [19].
The software development for medical purposes has a considerable challenge
because of the strict regulatory requirements concerning the health and life of a person.
Agile method becomes a solution in developing software to be more efficient, but it is still
doubtful in the level of suitability and validity in the medical industry. Therefore by using
the XP and Scrum methods, the development of software for medical purposes can be

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completed efficiently and the level of suitability and validity can be achieved maximally,
so that the development of medical software can be solved faster and easier [20].
The study of combining Driven Engineering Model and Scrum has been conducted to
produce a web information system. In this case the methodology developed is a new pre-
prototype based methodology which combines practice to achieve rapid feedback from
clients of model driven engineering and Scrum-based agile methods. It can be seen that
the development of information systems that combine Model Driven Engineering (MDE)
and the Scrum approach allows for faster design and system validation of the pre-
prototype model [21].
The application of the Scrum method has also been carried out in completing the
design and implementation of subject-based learning websites. The application of the
Scrum method can increase effectiveness and efficiency in its development. This project
involves education experts as scrum committees and university leaders, so that optimal
results can be obtained in the automation system and functional products [22].

3. Methodology
The software development method applied in this study uses the Scrum
framework. This study begins with preparation and maximizes the understanding of
researchers regarding scrum, so the knowledge of the scrum framework and its
implementation in management of software development projects can be applied in
this software development [23]. The main principle in implementing the Scrum
framework is the recognition that customers will change their minds about what they
want or need (often called volatility requirements) and there will be unpredictable
challenges in which the predictive or planned approach is not longer suitable, in this
case participation customers in implementing scrum are also vital, especially the
time for coordination, consultation and communication regarding their own needs
[24]. Three main roles in the Scrum framework collaborate to produce the product
enhancements that triggered by each sprint, these roles form the Scrum Team, they
are: Product Owner, Development Team and Scrum Master [25]. The Scrum
framework scheme applied in this study can be seen in the following figure [26]:

Figure 1: Scrum Framework

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4. Result and Discussion

4.1. Result
a. Mobile Apps Design
The design of the development of a fundraising mobile application is made using the
Unified Modeling Language (UML) which is a set of tools used to abstract in establishing
a system [27]. UML is used to abstract systems or object-based software [28]. UML is
used to determine, visualize, build, and document in establishing a system with a specific
programming language code. UML diagrams in this study are described in the form of
Use Case Diagrams that are the provided functions of the system as units to exchange
messages between units or actors [29] and Class Diagram is a type of static structure
diagram that describes the structure of a system by showing system classes, its attributes,
operations (methods), and relationships between objects [30].

Figure 2: Use Case Diagram

Figure 3: Class Diagram

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b. User Interface
There are two User Interfaces produced in this study, they are front end (for users)
and back end (for administrators). Both are created with a mobile platform using android
studio which is an integrated development environment - for android applications
development, based on Intellij IDEA [31] with an open source MySQL database;
Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) [32]. The user interface that has
been generated can be seen in Figure 4 below:

Figure 4: Mobile Apps Interface

4.2. Discussion
The development of a fundraising mobile application is conducted using the Scrum
framework, with the following explanation:
a. Product Backlog
The product backlog aims to determine the priority work that must be done
during the sprint, in this case a planning meeting is conducted involving the Product
owner, Scrum Master and Development Team. In the planning meeting they discus about
media that facilitate the community in providing funds, processing of funds contributing
data, fundraising financial statements, prioritizing to funding for humanitarian social
needs. They discuss not only about problems but also about the solutions that is mobile
application development. The instruments needed to solve the problem are also
determined in this planning meeting. Management of product backlog is absolutely to be
the responsibility of the product owner, so the product owner indirectly determines the
project vision / purpose. By using the Scrum Framework, completion of the fundrising
application can be completed in just 35 days, following details in table 2 :

Table 1 : Product Backlog

ID Product Backlog Item Priorization Estimate (Day)

1 Problem Identification and 1

Analysis

2 Description of Solution 1

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3 Identification of Needs 1

4 System Design and Prototyping 3

(UML Design, UI / UX Design)

8 Testing 1
(Software Testing using Black Box
and White Box Testing)

9 Testing 1
(Usability Testing)

5 Database Design and Creation 5

(Database Design and Creation
with My SQL)

7 System-wide integration 4
(Integration of mobile application
systems using databases, and
integration between administrator
menus)

6 Coding in creating applications 13

(Building a mobile application
with the Java programming
language in accordance with the
existing design and prototype)

10 Application improvements and 3

refinements
(After going through the process of
integration and testing, then the
web application is repaired and
refined to avoid bugs / errors and
to suit the needs of the product
owner)

11 Release 2
(After the application has been
integrated, tested, then repaired /
refined based on the needs of the
product owner and the product has
been documented in according to
the initial agreement, then the
mobile application can be released)

Total 35

b. Sprint Planning
The Sprint Planning stage is the stage to formulate the tasks to be carried out in a
mobile application development project which will be conducted by all teams, they are:
product owner, scrum master, and development team. The development teams relate to
system analysis, UI/UX design, coding / programming (front end and back end), and

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software testing. This stage is determined that the development team consisted of 3 people
without specific. This stage is conducted every time will do a sprint.

Table 2 : Sprint Planning Meeting

Product Owner Scrum Master Development Team

Gather Input Hold sprint

From End User retrospective
meeting

Determine Review / demo

stakehokder Remove
blocker product
requirement

Update product Facilitate Update team on

backlog Team meeting progress

Prioritize Help prioritize Plan sprint task

backlog backlog

c. Sprint Backlog
At this stage, the development team creates a picture of the real project that is being
worked on, in accordance with the plan of product owner at the product backlog stage.
This stage is conducted every time will do a sprint.
d. Daily Scrum
Daily Scrum is a stage when all members of the development team share the problems
experienced and provide solutions to each other's problems, the Team also shares the
results / progress of their work, including system analysis, UI / UX design, coding /
programming and software testing. Daily scrum is carried out every day during the sprint.
e. Sprint Review
Sprint review a stage when every team member demonstrates the results of his / her
work in a sprint. This stage is carried out after one sprint is completed. In this case all
team members demonstrated a fundraising mobile application development project and
evaluate each other then finally all team members' works are united and integrated.
f. Sprint Retrospective
The Sprint Retrospective is conducted at the end of each sprint. In this stage, the
development team presents to product owner and scrum master about the scrum process
that is being implemented in developing a fund-raising mobile application. The
development team also presents the testing results of fundraising mobile applications
using usability testing as a product evaluation technique with verifying to users [33].
There are five elements that are the main elements of usability testing. They are Usability,
Efficiency, Effectiveness, Satisfaction and Accessibility [34]. The test is conducted by
distributing the questionnaire randomly to fundraising institutions, the community,
academics, and IT practitioners with a total of 8 respondents with 7 questions.

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Table 3 : Calculation of Respondents' Scores

Respondents’ Score ( R )
No Question Score
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8
1. P1 4 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 37
2. P2 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 30
3. P3 4 4 4 5 4 4 5 3 33
4. P4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 30
5. P5 4 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 37
6. P6 4 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 24
7. P7 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 39
Total 230

The conversion results of the total score in table 3 are shown in the percentage; they are
calculated by dividing total score to total maximum score of 100%:
230
Percentage = x 100%
280
= 82,1%

The measuring instruments used are SUS (System Usability Scale) questionnaires.

Figure 5: Scale of SUS Score

Based on Figure 5, the formula used to calculate is:

P = Total scores of respondent for each question
Q = Total Maximum of respondent’s scores
Y = percentage score

Then the average SUS scale calculation results for all distributed questions obtains a score
= 82.1%.
After usability testing is complete, the product owner and scrum master provide
suggestions and criticisms relating to the team's performance in implementing Scrum.
g. Increment
Increment is the last step of the Scrum Framework. This stage is a result of completed
work to support empiricism and it is can be inspected at the end of the Sprint. In this case
every the sprint result, increment is a step to achieve the goal / vision. This stage the
product owner also decides whether the project has been completed or not.

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5. Conclusion
Based on the results of the completed research, it can be concluded that the process of
developing fundraising mobile applications using the Scrum framework can be faster
accomplished, it only takes 35 working days to complete all work. Since all scrum teams
are involved in the process of completion, then data can be well integrated, the problems
during application development is more quickly solved. The product of mobile
application makes fundraising information disseminate easier, residents get real time
notification system, and the application also makes people easily to donate. Besides the
collection and calculation of funds can be quickly and real time discovered, the result of
the usability testing using SUS also get = 82.1%.

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