APPROVAL SHEET

Muhammad Fayaz
MA Social Work ----------------------
University of Peshawar

Pro, Dr Muhammad Ibrar

Field Work supervisor(social work) ----------------------
University of Peshawar

Dated: ----------------------
 ACKNOWLEGMENT
First of all I am thankful to Almighty Allah the creature of universe for granting me
the capability and opportunity to know about the COVID-19 and also give me a chance to help
that needy and helpless during this sudden pandemic as our Holy Prophet (SAW) who is the
symbol of knowledge for whole man kind.

I am also thankful to Pro, Dr Muhammad Ibrar, Field supervisor and professor of Social
work University of Peshawar.

I am also thankful to Family, Friends who helped me and guided me in performing my Report
successful.

Muhammad Fayyaz
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
A REVIEW ON CORONA VIRUS OR (COVID-19).................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION:......................................................................................................................................1

TYPES:.......................................................................................................................................................2

TRANSMISSION:......................................................................................................................................2

SYMPTOMS:..............................................................................................................................................2

DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT, AND PREVENTION:................................................................................3

SITUATION OF COVID-19 IN THE WORLD..........................................................................................4

SITUATION OF COVID-19 IN PAKISTAN.............................................................................................5

SITUATION OF COVID-19 IN KHYBER PUKHTUNKHWA.................................................................6

SITUATION OF COVID-19 IN THE LOCAL COMMUNITY................................................................7

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:................................................................................................................7

COMMUNITY RESPONSE TOWARDS COVID-19................................................................................8

COMMUNITY RESPONSE TOWARS SUDDEN LOCKDOWN.............................................................9

MAJOR PROBLEMS FACED BY THE COMMUNITY DURING LOCKDOWN:................................10

MAJOR CAUSES OF THE SPREAD OF THE SPREAD OF COVID-19:..............................................11

MYTHS ABOUT THE SPREAD OF COVID-19:....................................................................................11

RECOMMENDATIONS OF COMMUNITY REGARDING THE CONTROL OF(COVID-19)............12

COVID-19 PANDEMIC BY LOCATION................................................................................................12

A REVIEW ON CORONA VIRUS OR (COVID-19)

INTRODUCTION:

if we take and look a history comprising of 100 years, the flu virus has been affecting mankind
over a period of the past many decades resulting in a heavy death too. The flu virus strain
(a genetic variant of the virus) which we have a come across today has a specific name Novel
Corona Virus or Covid-19.

It is called novel because this is a totally new variant (genetic variant ,strain) of virus and its
association with number 19 because it emerged in the year 2019. It is called novel because the
flu virus with such severity and resistant characteristics e.g its long survival on the surface for a
span of a few hours and severe complications on the respiratory system of human beings,
provide fatal at times, has made it is a big challenge for the medical personnel to combat it.
Corona viruses are a group of enveloped viruses with non segmented, single stranded and
positive sense RNA genomes. ( SARS-COV) out break in 2002,2019 –n COV is the third
corona virus to emerge in human population in the past two decades an emergency that has put
global public health instituations on high alert. Corona virus make up a large family of viruses
that can infect birds and mammals, including humans, according to (WHO). These viruses
have been responsible for several outbreaks around the world, including the severe acute
respiratory syndrome (SARS) pandemic of 2002-2003 and middle east respiratory syndrome
(MERS) out break in south korea in 2015. Most recently, a novel corona virus (SARS-COV-2,
also known as COVID-19), sparking international concern. While some corona viruses have
caused devastating epidemics, other cause mild to moderate respiratory infections, like
the common cold. Corona virus are common in different animals, rarely, an animal corona virus
can infect human. There are many different kinds of corona virus. Some of them can cause
colds or other mild respiratory (nose, throat, lung) illnesses. Other corona virus can cause
more serious disease, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and
middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS) under the microscope the viruses look like
they are covered with pointed structure that surround them like a corona or crown.

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TYPES:

Corona viruses belong to a sub family Corona virinae in the family Corona viridae.
Different types of human corona viruses vary in how severe the resulting disease becomes, and
how for they can spread doctors currently recognize seven types of corona viruses that
can infect human being. Common types are:

1. 229E (alpha corona virus)

2. NL63 (alpha corona virus)

3. OC43(alpha corona virus)

4. HKU1(alpha corona virus)

TRANSMISSION:

limited research is available on how HCOV spreads from one person to the next however
researchers believe that the virus transmit via fluids in the respiratory system. Coughing and
sneezing without covering the mouth can disperse droplets into the air. Touching or shaking
hands with a person who has the virus can pass the virus between the individuals. Making
contact with a surface or object that has the virus and then touching the nose, eyes, or mouth.
Some animal s corona viruses such as, feline corona virus (FCOV), may spread through
contact with faces. However, it is nuclear whether this also applies to human corona
viruses. The national institutes of health (NIH) suggest the several groups of people have
the highest of developing complications due to COVID-19. These group include:
1. Young children

2. People aged 65 years or old

3. Women who are pregnant

SYMPTOMS:

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Cold or flu like symptoms usually set in from 2-4 days after a corona virus infection and
are typically mild. However symptoms vary from person to person and some forms of the virus
can be fatal. Symptoms include:

Cough, Fewer or Chills, Shortnessof Breath, Muscle or Body aches, Sore taste, Loss of taste or
Smell, Diarrhea, Fatigue, Headache, Vomiting, Runny Nose. In rare cases COVID-19 can lead
to severe respiratory problems, kidney failure or d

DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT, AND PREVENTION:

The standard method for of diagnosis is by real time reverse transcription polymerase chain
reaction from a nasopharyngeal swab. Chest CT imaging be helpful for diagnosis in individuals
where there ishigh suspicion ofinfection based on symptoms and riskfactors. However guideline
don’t recommended using CT Imaging for routine screening. Recommended measure to prevent
infection include frequent hand washing, maintaining physical distance from others (especially
from those with symptoms), Quarantine (especially for those with symptoms), covering coughs,
and keeping unwashed hand from the face. The use of cloth face covering such as a scarf or a
mask has been recommended by health officials in public setting to minimize the risk of
transmission with some authorities requiring their use. Health officials also stated that medical-
grade face masks, suchas N95 masks, should only be used by health care and those who
directly care of infected individuals. There are no vaccine nor specific antiviral treatment for
COVID-19. Management involves the treatment of symptoms, supportive care, isolation, and
experimental measure.Scientists cannot easily cultivate human corona virus in the laboratory
unlike the rhinovirus, which is another cause of common cold. This make it difficult to gauge the
impact of corona virus on national economics and public health. There is no cureso treatment
include self care and over the counter(OTC) medication. People can take several steps including:
1. Resting and avoiding overexertion

2. Drinking enough water

3. Avoid smoking and smoky areas

4. Taking Acetaminophen, Panadol, or naproxen for pain and fever

5. Using a clean humidifier or cool mist vaporizer

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 6. A doctorcan diagnose the virus responsible by taking a simple of respiratory fluids.

SITUATION OF COVID-19 IN THE WORLD

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) isan infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan,
Hubei, China and has resulted in an ongoing pandemic. The first confirmed case has been traced
back to 17 November 2019 in Hubei. As of July 2020 more than 14.6 million cases have been
reported across 200 countries and territories resulting in more than 608,000 deaths. More than
8.2 million people have recovered including China, Italy, Iran, S. Korea, India, Switzerland,
Taiwan, USA, Sweden, Singapore, Sri Lanka, France, Australia, Malaysia, Spain, United Arab
Emirates, UK, Nepal,Finland, Netherland,Japan, Belgium, Russia, Thailand, Philippines,
Cambodia, and Germany. After hitting China in January 2020, COVID-19 severely out broke in
countries like South Korea, Iran and Italy in late February and early march, 2020. As for as the
number of COVID-19 infected patients is concerned, USA is the top of the list followed by
Spain. In USAmore than 145,384 people died of this disease. According to the report of Chinese
government and WHO, the currentout break has infected some 83729 people in China out of
which more than 7885 have died as so for of 18 July 24, 2020. The first case of coronavirusout
break in India was reported on 30 January 2020 in Kerala’s Thrissur district whena studenthad
returned home from Wuhan University in China. The health ministry of India has confirmed
1,238,636 of coronavirus infections and 29,861 deaths in the country so for on 18 July 2020. On
the other hand the very high transmissibility of the virus is responsible for its worldwide spread,
the improvement and accessibility of international travel and tourism could be a reason for its
further worldwide spread on the other hand. Every year, different parts of the world organize
various religious, socio-cultural, scientific, sports and political mass gathering festivals. These
types of mass gathering are likely to exaggerate many of the risk factors of COVID-19, and have
historically been associated with out breaks of disease both in local and international levels. At
the moment, many countries have taken measures some of them stringentto slow down the
spread of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.While some of these countries are now
considering whether to ease the measures, other have already decided to keep them in place over
the following weeks. China appearedto
manage the coronavirus out break effectively, putting in place early travel bans within the

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country itself. As early as January 23, Chinese authorities declared a nationwide travel ban,
which some experts suggest, may have averted over 700,000 COVID-19 within the country.
Earlier in April, Chinese eased the lockdown measures in Wuhan, the original epicenter of the
new coronavirus out break, amid celebrations that the nation had beaten the virus.

SITUATION OF COVID-19 IN PAKISTAN

The COVID -19 pandemic in Pakistan is a part of the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
The virus was confirmed to reach Pakistan on 26 February 2020, when a student in Karachi
tested positive upon returning from Iran. On 18 March, cases had been registered in all four
provinces, the two autonomous territories and the federal territory of Islamabad and by 17
June, each district in Pakistan had recorded at least one confirmed case of COVID-19. Pakistan
currently has the third largest number of confirmed cases in Asia after India and Iran, the
second largest number of confirmed cases in South Asia, coming after India, and the 12 th
highest number of confirmed cases in the world. Despite this, the number of deaths in the
country and case fertility rate have remained relatively low compared to most other countries
in the world and Asia, at 2.11% compared to the global average of approximately 4.2% (as
of 19 July). On 14 June, daily new confirmed case numbers reached their peak, with 6,825
new cases recorded, but since, then new cases counts and percentage of people testing
positive have trended downwards. In late June the number of active cases in Pakistan stabilized
and beginning in July, started showing a significant downward trend. On 03 July Pakistan’s
recoveries exceeded the number of active cases for the first time as 8,929 of recoveries were
recorded, making 51% of confirmed cases recoveries, and just six days later on July, this
figure surpassed 60%. As of 20 July, there have been about 263,000 confirmed cases with
204,000 recoveries, and 5,600 deaths in the country. Sindh has recorded the most cases at over
112,000, while Punjab has reported the most deaths in the country, a total of 2,079. The country
was put under a nation-wide lockdown until 9 may, which was initiated on 1 April and later
extended twice. Upon its end, the lockdown was eased in phases. According to a report of
federal government, Pakistan could have expected 50,000 cases by disease by 25 April.
However, the number the number by then remained under 13,000 only about a quarter of what
was expected. Accounting for 27% of cases in the country by late April. Pakistan started

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vaccine trial in collaboration withSinopharm, a Chinese pharmaceutical company, in April
2020. Different steps have been taken worldwide for the control of COVID-19 even with less
resources Pakistan also taken rigorous measures like designed special hospitals, laboratories
for testing, Qurantine facilities, awareness campaign and lockdown to control the spread of
virus. In the Capital territory Islamabad, there was a single hospital, while in
Baluchistan, there were 10 hospitals for COVID-19. In KPK 7, Punjab 6, Sindh 4, Gilgit-
Baltistan 4 and Azad Jammu and Kashmir 3 hospitals were functional.

SITUATION OF COVID-19 IN KHYBER PUKHTUNKHWA

Peshawar the provincial capital of KPK become the contrary’s second district after Karachi
to surpass highest deaths rate of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) overall the province
recorded 1,142 COVID-19 deaths of them 545 were reported in Peshawar and 148 in each
Swat and Nowshera districts, said the health department’s Covid-19 situation report.
According to the officials, Peshawar Covid-19 deaths total 1,142 with 9.9% case fertility
rate, the highest recorded by any district in the country. The nation wide fertility rate is 2.3pc.
Peshawar has 7% 32,086 of the countrywide burden of the confirmed corona cases. Lahore has
the highest case burden in the country that is 26pc, while Karachi’s % is 14 says WHO.
Khyber pakhtunkhwa’s Swat district accounts 2,762 Covid-19 cases. Mardan has so for
recorded 55 coronavirus death and 1,191 confirmed cases. With the exception of Upper
Kohistan 0, Charsadda 15, Khyber 10, Mohmand 2, Swabi 26, Swat 100, Buner 11, lower Dir
41, upper Dir 13, Shangla 3, Malakand 40, Chitral lower 3, Chitral upper 0, Bajaur 32,
Mansehra 15, Abotabad 68, Kohistan 0, Kolai pas 0, Battagram 15, Kohat 32, Hangu 8, Karak
17, Kurram 17, Bannu 7, N Waziristan 0, DIK, 16. The virus has become endemic an all KPK
districts. Two of those issues, as for as our province is concerned first they had the great
number of deaths and that is really because province in the term of its labor mobility, is the best
connected to the region and to the world than the rest of Pakistan. And had the greatest numbers
of international travelers come back into this province between January and March, and got to
the quickest spread across each of the 35, districts in the province then, our larger neighbor
did. The result in larger number of latent cases that shows the geographic spread of the
virus. And believe that something that has contributed to the greater number of deaths we’ve
had.

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SITUATION OF COVID-19 IN THE LOCAL COMMUNITY

INTRODUCTION:
The study attempts to assess the phenomenon of Covid-19 in MundaSaparay Tehsil Prang
Ghar District Mohmand Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Until 2018, it was
an agency of federally administrated tribal areas, with merger of FATA with Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa it become a part of KPK district mohmand. It is situated approximately 2,
kilometer downstream under construction Mohmand Dam and 35km north of Peshawar. It is
covered by the hills on its three sides. While the River swat bounds it on the south-west and the
Hashtnagar plains on the south. It is situated close to the Abazai village famous for its fertile
fields, Mangoes and Kinnow are famous in all over the world. The entire population is
ethnically Pakhtoon and strictly adheres to Sunni Islam. Socially the area is backward and
traditional, following the Pakhtoon code’s. for example, segregation of woman is strictly
practiced. Three main tribes namely Mullagori, Mandikhel, Miagaan inhibit the command
area. Agriculture is the main livelihood of the people. The total population of is 3,720
according to the census of 2017. . The male literacy rate is 20.37 and the female
rate is 10.57. Major health problem are Malaria, Kidney problems, and cough cold, and
fever. As of 20 July 2020 there is no confirmed case of coronavirus or Covid-19.

METHOD AND APPROACH:

This was a desktop study. Most of the information were collected from local people,
Print, Electronic and Social Media.

LIMITATION OF THE STUDY:

Due to no coronavirus or Covid-19 case reported in the local community so it is not possible to
locate Covid-19 patient and contact them.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

a)Community response towards Covid-19 corona pandemics

b) Community response towards sudden lockdown for more than two months

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 c) Major problems face by the community during lockdown
d) Corona pandemics in the community
e) To assess the major causes of the spread of the corona
f) To consider the myths regarding the spread of the corona
g)Recommendation of community regarding the control of COVID-19
h)Calculate the number of reported and non reported cases of COVID-19

COMMUNITY RESPONSE TOWARDS COVID-19

In the very first days of Covid-19 most of the people says, that it is the result of the Sin of
People. It is an azab on the side of Allah. But when the corona increased, so people are scared
and it will be less to get out of the houses don’t even his children’s out. They don’t to play their
kids outside from home. We conduct a survey in the local community most of the people
believed that “ There is no coronavirus this is conspiracy against Islam and Muslims
and Pakistani government is following a foreign agenda” when we asked why he wasn’t
wearing a mask or following the recommended (SOPs) he believes all talk about the virus is a lie
and urges others not to wear a mask or otherwise fall for ‘Jewish’ agenda. Most of the local
people says about the reality of this virus calling it a man-made or a conspiracy theory related
to the virus. More than 40% declare it a foreign conspiracy. At least 33% assume that Covid-19
was created in laboratory and released “on purpose”. In the survey a large number of people
with similar thoughts, declare virus is man made things or allege that the government is
receiving foreign funding in proportion to the corona-positive statistics; or an international
conspiracy; saying that they are unable to see this virus at a large scale or seeing affected
people around them. There is a more hype and rumor than reality. The hospitals are putting
everyone in the corona list to mint money. Surprisingly, it is not only illiterate or uneducated
people who believe this stuff. Many well-educated people and noted clerics and
propagating strange conspiracy theories. We are shocked that many people still don’t
believe that the virus exist. About 40% believe that the virus exists. It is a new infectious disease
but still people say there is no corona. I say corona is reality and such misunderstandings
and conspiracy theories are causing its further spread in the country. I appeal them to stop
propagating such theories and combat the virus in a proper way

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COMMUNITY RESPONSE TOWARS SUDDEN LOCKDOWN

Corona virus affect the people all over the world, but the most affected one’s are the poor
people or daily wages around us. Before of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), all
the business shutdown and the living of the people become more difficult in the current
situation, but government provide compensation to the poor people in Pakistan. Here some
questions arise like this compensation or amount which government provide to the poor
people is enough for their survival, or government also provide compensation on daily stuff,
on bill etc.

Corona virus shutdown the entire world and the situation become complicated with the
passage of time. The cases of corona increase rapidly, and death rate increases because no
treatment available against this deadly virus. The scientists all over the world are busy in
making the vaccine but the process of making vaccine will takes a month or even years. May be
2020 will be wasted in corona and our normal routine will continue with the rise 2021. Due to
the virus, lots of poor people try to attempt suicide just because there is nothing for eating.
This virus mainly effects daily wages and poor.

We conduct a survey and asked about the sudden lockdown from the local respondents.
Majority of the respondents consider lockdown is not necessary at all. While some respondents
consider lockdown is very important handle to manage the pandemic. Some respondents says
that lockdown instructions were not followed at all. And majority of the view that lockdown did
not prove effective in reducing the mobility of the people to expected levels. So it was
concluded that majority thinks that the lockdown is burden on poor people and its double the
poverty rate. Further government don’t give any relief on daily use stuff or items. People are
very upset ,so the government should look into this and resolve this issue as soon as possible.

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MAJOR PROBLEMS FACED BY THE COMMUNITY DURING
LOCKDOWN:

During this lockdown period most people forced to stay at home or adopt isolation protocols to

prevent virus transmission. Majority of the folks think that it is burden on poor people. and its

double the poverty rate. The fact is that government did not give any relief on daily use stuff

during this tough situation.

Lockdown create a lot of problems to the poor people e.g the nature of the health

crises, and its economic fall out makes its necessary for an urgent fiscal response,

especially one targeting severely affected sectors and low-income families. Unemployment

is on the rise due to this lockdown. people who had to earn a living so in these situations they

are facing difficulty like, people in the service industry such as barbers, shopkeepers

are reportedly taking appointments by phone and serving customers behind shuttered

doors. In our study a large number of participants stated that closure of their

institutions/lockdown to contain COVID-19 has effected their productivity. In our study more

than half of the respondents 51% said that the current situation is stressful. Partial lockdown is

implemented in the country due to pandemic situation of Covid-19.

The study assessed that staying at home caused anxiety, depression, fatigue, expressed fear
and blood pressure issues along with the above mentioned problems fear and loneliness and
expressed only fear. The overall observation of the activities revealed that while staying at
home people spend time on sleeping, on social media and TV news. While other were engaged
in other rubbish activity. The effect of corona virus on poor people financially because their
business or work shutdown during this lockdown. Due to closure of all business, people are
facing poverty and many problems. The COVID-19 episode is continued, and Pakistan still has
a long distance to go. Pakistan has to take care of its population in general and its

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labor force in particular. Pakistan is required to take the religious institutions in
confidence, use the government machinery for better planning in the coming days.

MAJOR CAUSES OF THE SPREAD OF THE SPREAD OF COVID-19:

We conduct a survey among local people about the causes of the spread of the corona. Most
of the participants were aware that there were no vaccine available in the market, and that the
crowed is one of the major factors in the spread of corona. Most people assessed that
when some one going for shopping, work on public transport, but you are catching it from
people who probably don’t think they have the infection. They have no symptoms at all or very
mild symptoms. However some of the new patients had no travel or no evident indication of
coming in contact with someone who had. It is also spread through by touching a surface or
object that has the virus on it and then touching the nose, or eyes. It also spread from animals
in some situations. The cronavirus spreads from person to person in close communities. It is
important that COVID-19 is new, and researchers is still on going. There may also be
others ways that the new coronavirus can spread.

MYTHS ABOUT THE SPREAD OF COVID-19:

Myths is commonly considered as a folklore genre consisting of narrative/ stories that play a
fundamental role in human being’s everyday lives. These are often endorsed by leaders, rulers,
religious preachers and explain to a great extent the functioning of a society and shape of the
beliefs of people.

In recent time some of common myths about the spread of COVID-19 are common all over the
world which are following.
1) Coronavirus was left by the Americans during their military training in China.
2) Bat soap eaters spread the virus.
3) Cats and Dogs spread corona virus.
4) The virus was engineered by China and spread all over the world.
5) Snakes are also responsible for the spread of COVID-19.
6) The coronavirus virus is created by humans and deliberately released to kill people, possibly
for political reason.
7) Most recent theory emerge is that 5G is responsible for the spread of COVID-19 they
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conclude that bacteria can communicate via electromagnetic signals.
8) Coronavirus is spread through house flies and mosquitos.
9) COVID -19 is spread in warm sunny weather.
And the most common myth in Pakistan “ It is a man made thing and the government receiving
foreign funding in proportion to the corona-positive statistics.

RECOMMENDATIONS OF COMMUNITY REGARDING THE CONTROL

OF(COVID-19)

During this corona pandemics, most of the educated people and health professionals are
aware of this infection, positive preventive measures, the importance of social distancing and
government initiatives were taken to limit the spread of corona. We collect some
recommendation from the local people most of the participants believe that wearing a mask
could help in the prevention of COVID-19, moreover majority of the participants view that
patients infected with Covid-19 should be isolated immediately. Avoid large events and mass
gathering. More than 50% believe that stay home as much as possible and keep
distance between others. Wash hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
Avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth. Stay home from work, school and public areas if u sick
unless you are going to get medical care. Avoid public transportation, taxis and ride sharing
if you are sick.

COVID-19 PANDEMIC BY LOCATION

Location cases Deaths Recovered

World 15,250,804 623,897 8,665,72
Pakistan 267,428 5,677 21,046
Iran 281,413 14,853 244,84
India 1,238,635 29,861 782,60
Afghanistan 35,727 1,190 23,92
China 83,729 4,634 7,885

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