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Values:: 1. Average Value: The Average Value of The Data Set Is The Average of All Data

1. There are several statistical methods described for analyzing data sets and populations: calculating average values, constructing confidence intervals, hypothesis testing of means and correlations, and comparing means of two populations using both dependent and independent samples. 2. Key concepts include sample/population means and standard deviations, confidence intervals, t-tests, correlation coefficients, and hypothesis testing of values against critical values from the t-distribution. 3. Both descriptive and inferential statistics are covered, including point and interval estimates for parameters like differences in population means.

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43 views3 pages

Values:: 1. Average Value: The Average Value of The Data Set Is The Average of All Data

1. There are several statistical methods described for analyzing data sets and populations: calculating average values, constructing confidence intervals, hypothesis testing of means and correlations, and comparing means of two populations using both dependent and independent samples. 2. Key concepts include sample/population means and standard deviations, confidence intervals, t-tests, correlation coefficients, and hypothesis testing of values against critical values from the t-distribution. 3. Both descriptive and inferential statistics are covered, including point and interval estimates for parameters like differences in population means.

Uploaded by

Hiền Thảo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1.

Average value: The average value of the data set is the average of all data
values:
X́ =
∑ Xi
n
2. Interval estimate of a population mean ( μ)
σ UNKNOWN
Interval estimate of a population mean (μ):
s
μ= x́ ± t a(n−1
/2
)
√n
x́ : is the sample mean.

1-a: is the confidence coefficient.


a/ 2
t (n−1) : The value of the student (t) probability distribution with n-1 degrees of freedom.

S: is the sample standard deviation.


n: is the sample size.
3. Testing about a population mean:
σ UNKNOWN
Alternative Rejecting Null
Null Hypotheses H 0 Value testing
Hypotheses H a Hypotheses H 0
( x́−μ0 ) √ n
μ=μ 0 μ ≠ μ0 t= |t|≥t a(n−1)
/2

μ0 :The value of a constant.


n: Sample size.
s: Sample standard devitation.
x́ : Mean of the sample data.
a
t (n−1) : The value of student (t) probability distribution table with degrees of Freedom DF=n-
1.
4. Inference means of two populations:
Using dependent samples for estimation:
A point estimate: μ x −μ y = d́
a/2 sd
An interval estimate: μ x −μ y = d́ ± t (n−1)
√n
n n

Where: d i=x i− yi

a/ 2
t (n−1)
=>
d́=
∑ di =>
i=1
n Sd =
√ ∑ (d i− d́)2
i =1
n−1
: The value of the student (t) probability distribution with degrees of freedom(n-1)

5. Inference means of two populations:


Alternative Rejecting Null
Null Hypotheses H 0 Value testing
Hypotheses H a Hypotheses H 0
( d́ −D 0) √ n
μ x −μ y =D 0 μ x −μ y ≠ D0 t= |t|≥t a(n−1)
/2

Sd

D0 :The value of a constant:


a/ 2
t (n−1) :The value of student (t) probability distribution table.

6. Inference means of two populations:


Using independent samples for estimation σ x ; σ y Unknown
sx
An interval estimate: If (σ x =σ y ≤¿ 0,5< <2 ¿
sy

An interval estimate: If ( σ X =σ y  0.5< S X /S y <2 ¿

1 1
X y
√
μ X −μ y =(x́− ý )± t (nα / 2+n −2 ) S 20 ( + )
nX ny
(n x −1) S 2x +(n y −1) S 2y
2
S= 0
(n x +n y −2)
x́ ; ý : Mean of data sample x; y.
- nx; ny: Size of data sample x; y.
t (nα / 2+n −2 ): The value of student (t) probability distribution table.
X y

7. Inference means of two populations


Using dependent samples for hypothesis testing
sx
σ x ; σ y UNKNOWN If (σ x ≠ σ y  0.5 ≥ ≥2)
sy
Alternative Rejecting Null
Null Hypotheses H 0 Value testing
Hypotheses H a Hypotheses H 0
( x́− ý −D 0)
μ x −μ y μ x −μ y ≠ D0 t= S2x S2y |t |≥t adf/2
√ ( + )
nX n y

S2x S 2y 2
( + )
n ny
Degrees of freedom: df = X
1
¿¿
n x −1

8. Correlation coefficient:
The correlation coefficient of population:

ρ=
∑ ( x ¿ ¿ i−μ x )( y i−μ y ) ¿
√ ∑ (xi −μ x )2 ∑ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿
The correlation coefficient of sample:

r=
∑ ( x¿¿ i− x́ )( y i− ý ) ¿
√ ∑ ( xi −x́)2 ∑ ¿ ¿¿ ¿ ¿
9. Testing about a population correlation:

Null Hypotheses Alternative Rejecting Null


Value testing
H0 Hypotheses H a Hypotheses H 0
r
ρ=0 ρ≠0 t= (1−r 2) |t |≥t adf/2
√ (n−2)

r: The correlation coefficient of sample data.


n: Sample size.
t an−2 :The value of student(t) probability distribution table.

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