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    Biomolecules: Primary TEKS Supported

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    Noura Rose
    The document discusses four main types of biomolecules: lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids. It describes their structures, functions, monomers and polymers. The document also explains how enzymes are types of proteins that speed up chemical reactions by reducing the activation energy needed for reactions to occur.

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    Biomolecules: Primary TEKS Supported

    Uploaded by

    Noura Rose
    74 views3 pages
    The document discusses four main types of biomolecules: lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids. It describes their structures, functions, monomers and polymers. The document also explains how enzymes are types of proteins that speed up chemical reactions by reducing the activation energy needed for reactions to occur.

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    Biomolecules Guide

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    The document discusses four main types of biomolecules: lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids. It describes their structures, functions, monomers and polymers. The document also explains how enzymes are types of proteins that speed up chemical reactions by reducing the activation energy needed for reactions to occur.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    74 views3 pages

    Biomolecules: Primary TEKS Supported

    Uploaded by

    Noura Rose
    The document discusses four main types of biomolecules: lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids. It describes their structures, functions, monomers and polymers. The document also explains how enzymes are types of proteins that speed up chemical reactions by reducing the activation energy needed for reactions to occur.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

     

     
    Biomolecules 
    Primary TEKS Supported 
    9A – [Reporting Category 1] – compare the structures and functions of 
    different types of biomolecules, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, 
    and nucleic acids 
     
    9C – [Reporting Category 4] – identify and investigate the role of enzymes 
     
    TEKS Also Supported 
    4B investigate and explain cellular processes, including homeostasis, energy 
    conversions, transport of molecules, and synthesis of new molecules 
    [polymers] 
     
    10C analyze the levels of organization in biological systems and relate the levels 
    to each other and to the whole system 
     
    Contents of This Packet 
     
    I. Review and Practice 
    II. Vocabulary Cards 
    III. Practice Items 
    IV. Sapling Instructions 
    Levels of Organization 

     
     
    Biomolecules: 4 macromolecules that make up living organisms 
    1. Biomolecules are macromolecules 
      Lipids  Carbohydrates  Proteins  Nucleic Acids 
    What is it?  Stores long‐term  Provides fast, immediate  Most multifunctional  Carries and transmit 
    Function?  energy  energy  molecule—makes bones,  genetic code 
    muscles, enzymes 
    Picture   

       
    Elements  C, H, O  C, H, O  C, H, O, N  C, H, O, N, P 
    Monomers  No mono/polymer,  Monosaccharide  Amino Acid  Nucleotide 
    Polymers  but it’s made up of 3  Polysaccharide  Polypeptide; Protein  Nucleic Acid, DNA, RNA 
    fatty acid chains 
    Examples  Fats  Simple and complex  Muscles  Meat  DNA  
    Oils  sugars (like candy) and  Hormones  RNA 
      starches (like pasta)  Enzymes 
     
    Enzymes: are types of proteins that are catalysts that speed up chemical reactions 
    1. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions – like chemically digesting your food. 
                Reactants       Products 
    Parts of the Enzyme Reaction 
    Things you need        What you make 
    1. Enzyme – protein that speeds up 
     
    chemical reactions 
    2. Substrate – Food; what you’re trying to 
    break down 
    3. Active Site‐ enzymes are specific so only 
    the correct substrate will fit into the 
    enzyme’s active site 
    4. Enzyme/Substrate Complex – Enzymes 
    and substrates combined 
      5. Products – the substrate broken apart 
      
    2. Example: 
    i. Amylase + Sucrose (dissacharride)  Glucose + Glucose 
     
    3. Enzymes are specific to what they break down and Usually ends in “‐ase” 
    i. Amylase‐ found in saliva, breaks down carbohydrates 
    ii. Protease‐ found in stomach, breaks down proteins 
    iii. Lipase‐ found in small intestines, breaks down lipids 
     
    4. Enzymes are “reusable.” 
     
    5. Enzymes work by reducing the amount of energy needed to complete a chemical reaction so it occurs faster. 
     
    6. Activation Energy Graph 
    Enzymes reduce the amount of activation 
    needed to complete a chemical reaction. 

    Activation energy is the amount of energy 
    needed to complete a reaction by using 
    reactants (ingredients‐ substrate/food + 
    enzyme) to create a product (broken down 
    substrate/food). 

     
    7. Other factors can affect how enzymes work— 
    i. Temperature 
    ii. Number of substrates 
    iii. pH level 
     

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