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15EEE304 Signals and Systems

The document discusses properties of systems, including linearity, time invariance, causality, memory, stability, and invertibility. It provides examples and definitions of each property. The presentation covers linear and time invariant systems, left and right sided signals, memory in systems, causality, time invariance, BIBO stability, and stability. Examples are given for each major topic.

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32 views23 pages

15EEE304 Signals and Systems

The document discusses properties of systems, including linearity, time invariance, causality, memory, stability, and invertibility. It provides examples and definitions of each property. The presentation covers linear and time invariant systems, left and right sided signals, memory in systems, causality, time invariance, BIBO stability, and stability. Examples are given for each major topic.

Uploaded by

smart telugu guru
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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15EEE304

Signals and Systems


Lecture- 13 & 14
SYSTEMS AND ITS PROPERTIES
Dr. Mamatha I, EEE, ASE, Bangalore

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RECAP
• Examples on shifting/scaling
• Examples on operations on dependent
variable

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TODAY

• Systems and its properties


– Linearity
– Time Invariance(Shift Invariance)
– Causality
– Memory
– Stability
– Invertibility

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SYSTEMS

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CT Systems Example
• Current in the circuit is given by,

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Contd..

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Left/right sided signal
• Left sided signal Anticausal Signal

• Right Sided Signals Causal Signals

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System Properties-Linearity

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Memory
• A system with input x(t) and output y(t) is said to have memory if, for any real
t0, y(t0) depends on x(t) for some t ≠ t0.
• A system that does not have memory is said to be memoryless.
• Although simple, a memoryless system is not very flexible, since its current
output value cannot rely on past or future values of the input.

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Memory

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Causality
• A system with input x(t) and output y(t) is said to be causal
if, for every real t0, y(t0) does not depend on x(t) for some
t > t0.
• If the independent variable ‘t’ represents time, a system
must be causal in order to be physically realizable.
• Noncausal systems can sometimes be useful in practice,
however, since the independent variable need not always
represent time. For example, in some situations, the
independent variable might represent position.

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Causality

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Time Invariance
• A system H is said to be time invariant (TI) if, for every function x and every
real number t0, the following condition holds:
• y(t −t0) = H{ x′(t)} where y = H{x(t)} and x′(t) = x(t −t0) (i.e., H commutes
with time shifts).
• In other words, a system is time invariant if a time shift (i.e., advance or delay)
in the input always results only in an identical time shift in the output.
• A system that is not time invariant is said to be time varying.
• In simple terms, a time invariant system is a system whose behavior does not
change with respect to time.
• Practically speaking, compared to time-varying systems, time-invariant systems
are much easier to design and analyze, since their behavior does not change
with respect to time.

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Time Invariance

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BIBO Stability
• A system with input x(t) and output y (t) is BIBO stable if, for every bounded x
(t), y(t) is bounded (i.e., |x(t)| < infinity for all t implies that |y(t)| < infinity for
all t).
• To show that a system is BIBO stable, we must show that every bounded input
leads to a bounded output.
• To show that a system is not BIBO stable, we only need to find a single
bounded input that leads to an unbounded output.
• In practical terms, a BIBO stable system is well behaved in the sense that, as
long as the system input remains finite for all time, the output will also remain
finite for all time.
• Usually, a system that is not BIBO stable will have serious safety issues.
• For example, an iPod with a battery input of 3.7 volts and headset output of
infinite volts would result in one vaporized Apple customer and one big lawsuit.
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Stability

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Thank you

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