Tunablewavelengthgenerationinthe1umregionincorporatinga16 channelarrayedwaveguidegratingAWG LP PDF
Tunablewavelengthgenerationinthe1umregionincorporatinga16 channelarrayedwaveguidegratingAWG LP PDF
Tunablewavelengthgenerationinthe1umregionincorporatinga16 channelarrayedwaveguidegratingAWG LP PDF
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Abstract
A tunable single- and dual-wavelength ytterbium-doped fiber laser, incorporating a 16-channel
arrayed waveguide grating is proposed and demonstrated. The side mode suppression ratio
from the proposed setup has an average value of 52.97 dB (single-wavelength generation) and
58.19 dB (dual-wavelength generation). The tunable dual wavelength ranged from 1039.98 nm
to 1047.48 nm with wavelength spacing ranging from 0.50 nm to 7.5 nm. A stability test from
the experiment shows a power variation of 0.8 dB, and a wavelength fluctuation of 0.02 nm
indicates the stability and reliability of the proposed work.
2. Experimental setup ensure unidirectional transmission in the laser cavity. The
isolator output was linked to a polarization controller (PC),
The laser cavity setting of the tunable single- and which allows modifying the polarization state of the laser. The
dual-wavelength output incorporating AWG is shown in fig- output of the PC was attached to the 90% port of the optical
ure 1. The single-wavelength setup is shown in figure 1(a), coupler, denoted as OC2. The 10% output from the coupler
whilst the dual-wavelength ring setup is given in figure 1(b). was attached to the input port of a YOKOGAWA AQ6373
In the single wavelength configuration, a laser diode OSA with 0.02 nm optical resolution.
(Oclaro Model LC96A74P-20R) operating at 974 nm acts as a
pump source with 600 mW of output power (maximum) and
3. Results and discussion
40 mW of launched power. The output of the laser diode is
connected to a 980/1060 nm WDM coupler. One output port 3.1. Tunable single wavelength
of the WDM was fusion spliced to a 70 cm length of YDF gain
medium (DF1100 Fibercore) that had peak absorption of 1300 The YDFL-AWG unpolarized ASE transmission spectrum
dB m−1 at 977 nm and attached to the input of the AWG. This entering the AWG filter, the ASE source, was subsequently
AWG possessed 16 output channels, allowing 16 different ‘sliced’ into 16 different wavelength channels. The output
outputs to be generated from the device, and it performed as spectrum of 16 different wavelength channels is shown in
a multiplexer that sliced the amplified spontaneous emission figure 2. The wavelength outputs had a 9 nm tuning range
(ASE) source into 16 different channels in the 1 µm region. starting from 1038.8 nm (channel 16) up to 1047.8 nm (chan-
The insertion loss for the AWG was around ~14 dB, which nel 1) with a narrow band transmission. The spacing range
is high due to its optimization specification in the 1550 nm between two adjacent channels was 0.6 nm. For the stable
region. The output port of the AWG, from channel 1 up to laser performance, the pump power for this experiment was
channel 16, at one output channel at a time, was attached to set to 275 mW.
the input of an optical coupler (a 90/10 type), represented as Figure 3 shows the output power from all 16 different
OC in figure 1(a). The 10% output from the coupler was con- wavelengths as measured from the optical power meter. It can
nected to a YOKOGAWA AQ6373 optical spectrum analyzer be seen that the output power slightly increased with increases
(OSA) with 0.02 nm resolutions. The 90% port of the optical in wavelength, due to the power variations inherent in the
coupler was used to provide feedback for the laser by con- wavelength-dependence gain of the YDF. The recorded aver-
necting it to the polarization insensitive isolator in a clockwise age output power was −15.03 dBm with a maximum variation
direction. of 2.47 dB. From the results, channel 3 recorded the highest
The dual-wavelength configuration differs slightly from peak power of −14.05 dBm while channel 15 recorded the
the single-wavelength setup. With reference to figure 1(b), lowest power peak value of −16.52 dBm.
two of the output ports from the AWG are connected to the Figure 4 shows the SMSR measurement taken from each
50/50 optical coupler, symbolized as OC1. The other end of of the 16 AWGs’ wavelengths. The average SMSR value of
the coupler is linked to a polarization insensitive isolator to 52.97 dB with maximum difference of 2.47 dB was obtained
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Laser Phys. 27 (2017) 125101 M A M Salim et al
Figure 7. (a) Wavelength stability, and (b) output power stability Figure 8. (a) Wavelength stability, and (b) output power stability
performance for channel 1 (1047.8 nm) taken over 20 min. performance for channel 16 (1038.8 nm) taken over 20 min.
In this part of experiment, the maximum pump power was set Figure 9. Tunable dual-wavelength laser spectrum of the AWG
to 285 mW for stability purposes and for better performance with increasing wavelength spacing.
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Laser Phys. 27 (2017) 125101 M A M Salim et al
Figure 10. (a) Dual-wavelength output scan, and (b) peak power
Figure 11. (a) Dual-wavelength output scan, and (b) peak power
stability test for spectral spacing of 3.5 nm with λ1 = 1047.48 nm
and λ2 = 1043.98 nm. stability test for spectral spacing of 7.5 nm with λ1 = 1047.48 nm
and λ2 = 1039.98 nm.
of the laser. By using the 3 dB coupler and by adjusting the variance of the dual-wavelength laser was 1.2 dB with an
PC, the generation of a dual-wavelength in the AWG was suc- average SMSR of 58.19 dB, whereas the maximum differ-
cessfully achieved. The PC was used in this experiment to ence of the SMSR and peak power was 3.47 dB and 4.03 dB,
adjust the peak output power of lasing, so that the balanced respectively. The variance and average in output power was
dual-wavelength lasing output can be obtained. The output 1.2 dB and −6.81 dBm respectively.
of the dual wavelength can be realized by fixing one source Figures 10(a) and (b) shows channel 1 and channel 8 having
channel (channel 1) and another source to be selected from a very stable lasing dual wavelength with adjacent wavelength
the remaining 15 channels. The range of the generated dual- spacing of 3.5 nm (λ1 = 1047.48 nm and λ2 = 1043.98 nm),
wavelength output obtained from the experiment was 0.50 nm and figures 11(a) and (b) illustrate channel 1 and channel 16
(channel 1 and 2) to 7.5 nm (channel 1 and 16). By exchanging with stable dual wavelength with adjacent spacing of 7.5 nm
the channel of the AWG from channel 2 to 16, the wavelength (λ1 = 1047.48 nm and λ2 = 1039.98 nm) over a period of
spacing between adjacent channels was uniformly increased 20 min. Both results show that the power fluctuation was less
(in multiples of 0.50 nm). This result is shown in figure 9, due than ~0.4 dB and this proves the stability of the proposed sys-
to the AWG’s 70 GHz inter-channel spacing. Alternatively, tem. The measurements of the switchable dual wavelength
operating the AWG with smaller inter-channel spacing within were conducted concurrently, to confirm the stability of the
the region of 25 GHz can narrow down the spacing between recommended setup. From this measurement, the proposed
the wavelength channels. The SMSR, together with the peak setup stability performance is better than reported by [19],
power of the dual-wavelength output from channels 1–16, which shows that the AWG is a reliable filter to generate very
equaled a total of 15 time sweeps from channel 2 to chan- stable dual-wavelength lasing with the added advantage of
nel 16, with one output port fixed at channel 1. The SMSR wide wavelength selection.
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Laser Phys. 27 (2017) 125101 M A M Salim et al