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cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ-weÁvb
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cÖ_g gy`ªY : A‡±vei, 2004

cybg©y`ªY : A‡±vei, 2008
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gwiP MvQ †Mvjvc

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wPÎ: wcwi‡P wfwR‡q ivLv exR

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ax‡i ex‡Ri evB‡ii †Lvmv Qvwo‡q bvI| †fZ‡ii nvév i‡Oi e¯ywU j¶ Ki| Gi
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wPÎ: avb, Mg I fÆvexR

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cvZv¸‡jv †`L‡Z †Kgb? MvQwU‡Z dzj I dj nq wK? MvQwU ch©‡e¶Y K‡i

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cwi‡ek †kªYxweb¨vm
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Ave„ZexRx Dw™¢` e‡j|

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msL¨v Lye Kg| mvBKvm GKwU bMœexRx wPÎ : Ave„ZexR

Dw™¢`| cveZ©¨ PÆMªvg A‡j mvBKvm cvIqv hvq|

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Dw™¢` I cÖvYxi cvi¯cwiK wbf©ikxjZv

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`uvov‡e| Ab¨vb¨ cÖvYxi
Rb¨I Zv n‡e gvivZ¥K|
cÖvwY‡`‡ni Rb¨ LwbR Kve©b WvBA·vBW
jeY cÖ‡qvRbxq| Dw™¢`
Kve©b WvBA·vBW
gvwU †_‡K LwbR jeY
MªnY K‡i †`‡n Rgv iv‡L| wPÎ : cwi‡e‡k Dw™¢` I cÖvYxi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
cÖvYx Dw™¢`RvZ Lv`¨ †_‡K
cÖ‡qvRbxq LwbR jeY cvq| cªvYxi g„Zy¨i ci LwbR jeY Avevi gvwU‡Z wg‡k hvq|
†mLvb †_‡K Dw™¢` LwbR jeY Avevi MªnY Ki‡Z cv‡i| Dw™¢` I cÖvYx wg‡j Gfv‡e
cÖK…wZi fvimvg¨ eRvq iv‡L|
cwi‡e‡ki wech©q †iva Ki‡Z n‡j Avgv‡`i Dw™¢` I cªvYxi hZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
cÖ‡qvRb Qvov MvQcvjv KvUv DwPZ bq| miKv‡ii c¶ †_‡K cÖwZ eQi e„¶‡ivcY
mßvn cvjb Kiv nq| G mgq mviv †`‡k mevB wg‡j MvQ jvMv‡Z n‡e| evošÍ
MvQ‡K Miy QvM‡ji nvZ †_‡K i¶v Ki‡Z n‡e|
cwi‡ek fvj ivL‡Z n‡j cï cvwLi hZ Ki‡Z n‡e| cïcvwL wkKvi Kiv eÜ
Ki‡Z n‡e| kx‡Zi †gŠmy‡g AwZw_ cvwL‡`i cÖwZ hZevb n‡Z n†e| duv` †c‡Z
cvwL aiv, evRv‡i cvwL wewµ Kiv eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e|
12 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

Abykxjbx
K. mwVK DËiwU‡Z wUK wPý (√) `vI
1| wØexRcÎx Dw™¢‡`i ˆewkó¨ †KvbwU ?
K) dzj nq bv L) cvZv eo
M) exRcÎ `yBwU N) exR bMœ _v‡K
2| GK exRcÎx Dw™¢` †KvbwU ?
K) gUi L) avb
M) †Qvjv N) mxg
3| Acy®cK Dw™¢` †KvbwU ?
K) †XwKkvK L) mh©gLx
M) avb N) gwiP
4| is meyR bq †KvbwUi ?
K) ˆkevj L) gm
M) dvb© N) QÎvK
L. kb¨¯_vb ciY Ki
1| ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ Dw™¢‡`i is meyR bq|
2| gj, KvÊ I cvZv _v‡K bv ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ I ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑDw™¢‡`|
3| `yBwU exRcÎ _v‡K ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ Dw™¢‡`i ex‡R|
4| ˆkevj Dw™¢‡`i ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ, ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ I ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ †bB|
5| mcy®cK Dw™¢‡`i ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ, ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ I ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ Av‡Q|
6| dvb© Dw™¢‡`i gj ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ Dw™¢‡`i g‡Zv bq|
7| exRaviK cvZvq ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ Dw™¢‡`i exR _v‡K|
M. msw¶ß cÖkœ
1| dvb© Dw™¢‡`i ˆewk󨸇jv †jL|
2| GKwU bMœexRx Dw™¢‡`i bvg Ki| bMœexRx Dw™¢‡`i ˆewk󨸇jv D‡j−L Ki|
3| cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨ i¶vq Dw™¢` I cÖvYxi fwgKv eY©bv Ki|
cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb 13

Aa¨vq `yB

gvwU
c„w_exi cÖvq GK fvM ¯’j I wZb fvM cvwb| Avgiv ¯’j fv‡M evm Kwi| ¯’j
fvM gvwUi ˆZwi| Avgiv G gvwU‡ZB evwo Ni, ¯‹yj, †LZLvgvi ˆZwi K‡i
Avgv‡`i Rxeb KvUvB| gvwUi Dci MvQcvjv Rb¥vq| Avgiv Dw™¢` †_‡K dmj
cvB| Dw™¢` Avgv‡`i Lv`¨ †hvMvq|
gvwUi mv‡_ Avgv‡`i †hgb m¤cK© Av‡Q, Dw™¢‡`iI gvwUi mv‡_ m¤cK© Av‡Q|
gvwU‡Z Dw™¢` R›gvq| Dw™¢` †_‡K Avgiv Lv`¨, e¯ I Ilya cvB| Gfv‡e gvwU
Avgv‡`i‡K Lv`¨ I Avkªq †`q| ZvB gvwU Avgv‡`i gv‡qi g‡Zv|
gvwU Kx
weÁvbx‡`i g‡Z c„w_ex c„‡ôi †h big ¯‡i MvQcvjv R‡b¥ I cvwb †kvlY K‡i eo
nq ZvB gvwU| c„w_exi DcwifvM gvwU w`‡q MwVZ | Avgiv AvR †h gvwU‡K †`LwQ
Avm‡j Zv en c~‡e© Giƒc wQj bv| eZ©gvb Ae¯’vq †cuŠQv‡Z †KvwU †KvwU eQi mgq
†j‡M‡Q|
gvwUi ˆewkó¨
gvwU‡Z Kv`v, evwj, KvuKi wg‡k _v‡K| gvwU‡Z bvbv cÖKvi Dw™¢` R‡b¥ I cÖvYx
evm K‡i| ZvQvov MvQ †_‡K S‡i cov ïKbv cvZv, dzj, dj, Wvjcvjv, d‡ji
†Lvmv BZ¨vw` cu‡P gvwU‡Z wg‡k hvq| MvQcvjv I cÖvwY‡`‡ni cuPv Ask GK‡Î
wg‡k ˆZwi nq wnDgvm| wnDgvm gvwUi GKwU ¸iyZ¡cY© Dcv`vb| wnDgv‡mi is
Kvj‡P, GwU gvwU‡K De©i K‡i| †Zvgv‡`i we`¨vj‡qi evMvb †_‡K gvwU Zy‡j G‡b
fv‡jv K‡i cix¶v Ki| j¶ Ki gvwU‡Z Kx Kx Av‡Q|
14 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

GKwU j¤^v Kv‡Pi cvÎ ev M−v‡m cvwb bvI Ges wKQy cwigvY gvwU wgkvI| wgkªYwU
SvwK‡q K‡qK N›Uv ivL| †`L‡e gvwU wewfbœ ¯‡i fvM n‡q‡Q|
cÖwZ ¯‡ii KYv¸‡jvi AvKvi
wewfbœ iKg| †`L‡e wb‡P Rgv
nDgvm
n‡q‡Q bywo| bywoi AvKvi eo|
†gvUv evwj bywoi PvB‡Z †QvU cvwb

ZvB bywoi Dc‡ii ¯i †gvUv Kv`v

evwji| Kv`vgvwU wgwn `vbvi|
cwj
†gvUv evjyi Dc‡i Kv`v gvwUi
¯i| mevi Dc‡i gvwU‡Z wg‡k evwj

_vKv wnDgvm †f‡m _v‡K| bywo

Mªv‡gi †ewki fvM evwo‡Z cyKzi
wPÎ: gvwUi wewfbœ Dcv`vb
ev †Wvev _v‡K| cyKzi ev †Wvevi
Zjvq Kv`v gvwU _v‡K| cvwb‡Z bvg‡j cÖvq nuvUy ch©šÍ cv Kv`vq Wy‡e hvq| G
Kv`v gvwU Lye big, `vbv Lye †QvU I wgwn| Kv`v gvwUi cvwb a‡i ivLvi ¶gZv Lye
†ewk, Avi mn‡R ïKvq bv| G gvwU ïKv‡j cÖ_‡g AvVv‡jv I c‡i k³ nq| G
gvwU‡K Gu‡Uj gvwU ejv nq| cvwb‡Z wfRv‡j G gvwU Kv`v n‡q hvq|
el©vKv‡j Rwg cvwb‡Z Wy‡e hvq Ges Rwgi Dci cvwbi m‡½ wg‡k _vKv gvwUi
KYvi Av¯i c‡o| gvwUi KYv ej‡Z gvwU‡Z wg‡k _vKv evwj, cvwb I Kv`vi
KYv‡KB eySvq| G gvwUi KYv Lye †QvU| KYv¸‡jv‡K cwj ejv nq| KYvi duv‡K
cvwb I evZvm _vK‡Z cv‡i| G gvwU‡K cwj gvwU e‡j| Pvc w`‡j G gvwU ¸uov
n‡q hvq| cwj gvwU Rwg‡K De©i K‡i|
gvwUi MVb I cÖKvi‡f`
gvwUi cÖavb Dcv`vb Avm‡j wZbwU| G¸‡jv n‡jv eo`vbvi evwj, †QvU`vbvi cwj
I AZ¨šÍ wgwn`vbvi Kv`v|
cwi‡ek
gvwU cwiwPwZ : weÁvb 15

evwj, Kv`v, cwj gvwU I wnDgv‡mi cwigvY Abymv‡i gvwUi cÖKvi‡f` Kiv hvq|
†hgb-
1| †e‡j gvwU: G gvwU‡Z evwji fvM Lye †ewk _v‡K| †iv‡` G gvwU wPKwPK K‡i|
gvwU‡Z nvZ w`‡j †`L‡e `vbv¸‡jv SiS‡i| `vbv¸‡jv nv‡Z wb‡q bvovPvov Ki‡j
†`L‡e `vbv¸‡jv SiSi K‡i wb‡P c‡o hv‡”Q| Gi cvwb a‡i ivLvi ¶gZv Kg|
2| †`vuAvk gvwU: G gvwU‡Z mgvb cwigv‡Y evwj, cwj I Kv`v _v‡K| Gi cvwb
a‡i ivLvi ¶gZv gvSvwi| †`uvAvk gvwU‡Z evwji cwigvY †ewk _vK‡j Zv‡K †e‡j
†`vuAvk gvwU e‡j|
3| G‡uUj gvwU : G gvwU‡Z evjy A‡c¶v cwj I Kv`vi fvM †ewk _v‡K| †ewk cvwb
a‡i ivL‡Z cv‡i| G gvwU‡Z fv‡jvfv‡e evZvm PjvPj Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
mgy‡`ªi Zxi, b`xi †gvnbvq ev e-Øx‡c †Rvqv‡ii cvwb‡Z jeY †ewk _v‡K| G jeY
gvwU‡Z wg‡k hvq| G gvwU‡Z je‡Yi cwigvY †ewk _v‡K| G gvwU‡K jeYv³ gvwU
e‡j|
wb‡Pi KvRwU Ki: gvwUi cwiwPwZ
K) †Zvgiv Avkcv‡ki RvqMv †_‡K wKQy gvwU wb‡q Zv‡Z cvwb wgkvI Ges G gvwU
w`‡q gv‡e©j evbv‡bvi †Póv Ki| hw` gv‡e©j evbv‡bv bv hvq Z‡e eyS‡e GUv
†e‡j gvwU|
L) hw` gv‡e©j evbv‡bv hvq Ges cieZx©‡Z G gv‡e©j †d‡U hvq ZLb eyS‡e GUv
†`uvAvk gvwU|
M) †MvjvKvi gv‡e©‡j †Kv‡bv dvUj bv ai‡j eyS‡e GwU Gu‡Uj gvwU|
16 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

Gevi cix¶vi dj wb‡Pi Q‡K wjL

gvwUi aib gv‡e©j ˆZwi Kiv hvq wKbv ïKv‡j Kx Ae¯’v nq
1) †e‡j gvwU
2) †`uvAvk gvwU
3) Gu‡Uj gvwU
gvwU I dmjx Dw™¢`
1) †e‡j gvwU: giyfwg, PivÂj I mgy`ª DcK~‡j KL‡bv †M‡j †mLv‡bi evwj cix¶v
Ki‡j †`L‡e KYv¸‡jv †ek eo| G‡Z cvwb a‡i ivLvi ¶gZv Kg| G¸‡jvB †e‡j
gvwU| G gvwU‡Z Pxbv ev`vg, wgwó Avjy, kmv, ZigyR, evw½ BZ¨vw` R‡b¥|
2.K) †`uvAvk gvwU: G gvwU AwZ De©i| †`uvAvk gvwU‡Z ˆRe c`v‡_©i cwigvY
†ewk| evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk AÂj †`uvAvk gvwU w`‡q MwVZ| G gvwU‡K Av`k©
gvwUI ejv nq| G gvwU‡Z evwj, cwj I Kv`vi cwigvY cÖvq mgvb _v‡K|
avb, cvU, Mg, wcqvR, gwiP, Avjy, kvKmewR, f~Æv, Wvj I mwilv BZ¨vw` me
ai‡bi dmjB G gvwU‡Z fv‡jv nq|
2.L) †e‡j-†`uvAvk gvwU: †e‡j †`uvAvk gvwU‡Z evwjKYvi cwigvY †ewk _v‡K| G
gvwU‡Z gjv, ZvgvK, gwiP Gme dmj fv‡jv nq| ZvQvov kxZKvjxb dm‡ji
Rb¨ G gvwU Lye Dchy³|
3) Gu‡Uj gvwU: G gvwU‡Z evwji cwigvY Kg| G gvwUi, cvwb aviY ¶gZv †ewk,
Kv`vi KYvi AvKvi AZ¨šÍ †QvU| cvwb‡Z G gvwU big nq| ïKv‡j Lye k³ n‡q
hvq| G gvwU me dm‡ji Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx bq, Z‡e avb fvj R‡b¥|
cwi‡ek
gvwU cwiwPwZ : weÁvb 17

gvwUi De©iZv
†h gvwU hZ De©i †m gvwU‡Z dmj ZZ fv‡jv n‡e| myZivs gvwUi De©iZvi Ici
dm‡ji Drcv`b wbf©i K‡i| †h gvwU‡Z cywó Dcv`vb hZ †ewk, †mB gvwU‡Z ZZ
†ewk dmj d‡j| Abye©i gvwU‡Z dmj Kg nq|
†Zvgiv Mªv‡g †M‡j †`L‡e Pvicv‡k dm‡ji gvV Avi gvV| †Kv‡bv gvV mey‡R †Niv
Ges dm‡j ficyi| Avevi †Kv‡bv gvV duvKv, dmj †gv‡UB fv‡jv bq| Gi KviY
Kx? Gi KviY n‡jv †Kv‡bv Rwg †ewk De©i Avi †Kv‡bv Rwg Kg De©i| De©i
Rwg‡Z dmj fv‡jv R‡b¥, Avi Kg De©i Rwg‡Z dmj fv‡jv nq bv| De©iZv
e„w×i Rb¨ gvwU‡Z cvwb I mvi w`‡Z nq|
mv‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
†Zvgiv Av‡MB †R‡bQ Dw™¢` gvwU †_‡K cywó Dcv`vb msMªn K‡i| K…wÎg Dcv‡q G
cywó Dcv`vb Av‡m mvi †_‡K| eQi eQi a‡i GKB Rwg‡Z km¨ Pvl Kivi d‡j
cywó Dcv`v‡bi NvUwZ nq Ges Rwg n‡q c‡o Abye©i| ZvB Rwg‡Z cywó Dcv`vb
wn‡m‡e mvi w`‡Z nq| mvi `yB cÖKvi:
1. ˆRe mvi
2. ivmvqwbK ev A‰Re mvi
ˆRe mvi
g„Z Dw™¢` I cÖvYx †_‡K m„wó nq ˆRe mvi| Dw™¢` I cÖvYxi †`n cu‡P gvwU‡Z wg‡k
mvi ˆZwi nq| G ˆRe c`v_© gvwU‡Z wg‡k gvwU‡K De©i K‡i Ges Dw™¢‡`i cywó
Dcv`vb †hvMvq| †Mvei mvi, meyR mvi, K‡¤cv÷ mvi, ˆLj, nv‡oi ¸uov, nuvm-
gyiwMi weôv cÖf„wZ ˆRe mvi|
18 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

ˆRe mvi e¨env‡ii d‡j gvwU †ewk cvwb a‡i ivL‡Z cv‡i G‡Z Dw™¢‡`i cywó
Dcv`vb †kvl‡Yi cwigvYI ev‡o| mvaviY mv‡ii g‡a¨ ˆRe mviB fv‡jv| †Mvei,
†MvgÎ I Ab¨vb¨ AveR©bv Rgv K‡i G mvi cÖ¯yZ Kiv nq|
1) †Mvei mvi
Miyi †Mvei I †MvgÎ GKwU eo M‡Z© A‡bK w`b Rgv K‡i cuwP‡q G mvi ˆZwi nq|
G mvi Lye DuPy gv‡bi|

wPÎ: †Mvei mvi ˆZwii c×wZ

†Mvei mvi ˆZwii c`‡¶cmg~n
1. cª_‡g †Mvei‡K GKwU M‡Z© ivL‡Z nq|
2. M‡Z©i Pviw`K DuPy K‡i w`‡Z nq|
3. M‡Z©i Dc‡i GKwU Pvjv w`‡Z nq hv‡Z e„wói cvwb bv R‡g|
4. G Ae¯’vq wZb †_‡K Pvi gvm †i‡L w`‡Z n‡e|
G mv‡ii Rb¨ gvwU nvjKv nq, SziSz‡i nq I cvwb a‡i ivLvi ¶gZv e„w× cvq| G
mvi gvwU‡K De©i K‡i|
gvwU cwiwPwZ : weÁvb
cwi‡ek 19

2) meyR mvi
meyR Dw™¢` gvwU‡Z cuwP‡q G mvi ˆZwi Kiv nq e‡j G‡K meyR mvi e‡j| a‡Â,
kb I mxg RvZxq MvQ‡K UyK‡iv K‡i KuvPv Ae¯’vq gvwU‡Z wgkv‡bv nq| Gme
Dw™¢` mn‡R cu‡P gvwUi mv‡_ wg‡k hvq I gvwU‡K De©i K‡i| G mvi †e‡j
gvwU‡K †`uvAvk gvwU‡Z cwiYZ K‡i d‡j mn‡R gvwU k³ n‡Z cv‡i bv|

wPÎ: meyR mvi ˆZwi Kiv n‡”Q

3) K‡¤cv÷ mvi
Mevw` cïi gjgÎ, ZiKvwii †Lvmv, LoKzUv, wewfbœ cÖKvi K…wl eR¨©, AvMvQv,
KPywicvbv, AveR©bv cÖf„wZ Lvgvi cÖv½‡b Rgv Kiv nq| e¨vK‡Uwiqv I QÎvK
G¸‡jv‡K cuwP‡q G mvi ˆZwi K‡i| A‡bK wRwbm GK‡Î cuwP‡q G mvi ˆZwi Kiv
nq| G mvi cÖ¯yZ Ki‡Z LiP Kg jv‡M|
cÖ_‡g AveR©bv ¯yc K‡i mgvbfv‡e GK dzU DuPy ¯i Ki‡Z nq| `yB †KwR
cwigvY nv‡oi ¸uov Gi Dci wQUv‡Z nq A_ev cuPv †Mvei Gi Dci w`‡Z nq|
cuP‡bi Rb¨ gv‡S gv‡S cvwb w`‡Z nq| †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e AveR©bv ¯y‡c hv‡Z
cvwb bv R‡g|
20 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

wPÎ: K‡¤cv÷ mvi ˆZwi Kiv n‡”Q

ivmvqwbK mvi
KviLvbvq K…wÎg Dcv‡q ivmvqwbK mvi ˆZwi Kiv nq| gvwUi De©iZv evov‡bvi
Rb¨ ivmvqwbK mvi e¨envi Kiv nq| Avgiv BDwiqv, wU«cj mycvi dm‡dU
(wU.Gm.wc), wgD‡iU Ae cUvk (Gg.wc) BZ¨vw` ivmvqwbK mvi Rwg‡Z e¨envi
Kwi| ivmvqwbK mv‡i bvB‡U«v‡Rb, dmdivm I cUvwmqvg _v‡K|
DcKvwiZv
bvB‡U«v‡Rbhy³ mvi e¨env‡i MvQ `ªyZ ev‡o, dmdivm mvi e¨env‡i Mv‡Qi dzj,
dj I wkK‡oi ¯^vfvweK e„w× nq| cUvwkqvg mvi e¨env‡i Mv‡Qi †ivM I †cvKv
Kg nq| dzj S‡i c‡o bv|
¶wZKviK w`K
BDwiqv, wU«cj mycvi dm‡dU, wgD‡iU Ae cUvm cÖ‡qv‡M dm‡ji DcKvi n‡jI
gvwUi †Kv‡bv DcKvi nq bv| ZvQvov AwaK e¨env‡i dmj fv‡jv nq bv| dm‡dU
RvZxq mvi hv‡Z gvwU‡Z wg‡k hvq †m w`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡Z nq| d‡ji Mv‡Q
cwi‡ek
gvwU cwiwPwZ : weÁvb 21

bvB‡Uªv‡Rb mvi †ewk cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j MvQ evo‡e wKšÍy dj ai‡e bv|
kvKRvZxq Dw™¢‡` dmdivm †ewk w`‡j ZvovZvwo dzj dj ai‡e, kvK Drcv`b
Kg n‡e|
A¨v‡gvwbqvg mvj‡dU mvi Mv‡Qi wkKo ev cvZvq co‡j MvQ Sj‡m hvq| AwaK
cÖ‡qv‡M MvQ g‡i hvq|
gvwU ¶q
So, e„wó ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y fc„‡ôi Dcwifv‡Mi gvwU m‡i hvIqvB gvwU ¶q|
gvwU ¶‡qi cÖavb KviY cvwb, evqy, cvwbi †mªvZ I wngevn|
†Zvgv‡`i hv‡`i evwo b`xi av‡i, †Zvgiv nq‡Zv †`‡LQ el©vKv‡j b`xi cvo †f‡O
hvq| AviI †`‡L _vK‡e gyljav‡i e„wó nIqvi Kvi‡Y cvwb cÖev‡ni Rb¨ gvV I
DVvb †_‡K gvwU `ªyZ
cvwbi mv‡_ wg‡k hvq
Ges gvwUi KYv †f‡O
wM‡q ¶q nq| mgy`ª
DcK‡ji gvwU
R‡jv”Q¡vm I mvM‡ii
†XD Øviv ¶q nq| S‡ov
evZv‡mi Kvi‡Y GK
¯’vb †_‡K gvwU Ab¨
¯’v‡b m‡i hvq| G‡Z
De©i Rwg Abye©i nq|
wPÎ: gvwU ¶q
aywjSo I evjyS‡oi
Kvi‡Y fc„‡ôi gj¨evb gvwU m‡i hvq| gvwUi cÖK…wZi Kvi‡YI gvwU ¶q nq|
†hgb Gu‡Uj I Kv`v gvwUi cvwb †kvlY ¶gZv Kg _vKvq, Aí e„wó‡Z gvwUi Dci
cvwb R‡g I gvwU ¶q nq| †`Lv hvq AwZwi³ e„wó, evqycÖevn, XvjyRwg gvwUi
cÖK…wZ BZ¨vw`i Rb¨ gvwU ¶q nq| ZvQvov gvby‡li Kvi‡YI gvwU ¶q nq|
AwZwi³ Rwg Pvl, AwZwi³ cïPviY I ebvÂj aŸsm K‡i gvbyl gvwU ¶q K‡i|
Avevi AwaK gvÎvq km¨ djv‡bvi Rb¨I gvwUi wnDgv‡mi cwigvY K‡g hvq| d‡j gvwU
22 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

¶q nq| Rwg Nb Nb Pvl Ki‡j gvwU AvjMv nq, cvwb I evqyi cÖfv‡e gvwU ¶q
nq| Kg wkKo wewkó dmj Pvl Ki‡jI gvwU ¶q nq| gvwU ¶‡qi d‡j gvwUi
De©iZv bó nq| gvwU‡Z dmj fv‡jv nq bv| b`xbvjv, Lvjwej gvwU R‡g fivU
n‡q hvq|
gvwU ¶q †iva
gvwU‡Z †ewk K‡i wewfbœ ai‡bi MvQ jvwM‡q, cwZZ Rwg‡Z Nvm jvwM‡q gvwUi ¶q
†iva Kiv hvq| ZvQvov dm‡ji †Mvov gvwU‡Z †i‡L w`‡j gvwUi ¶q K‡g| gvwU
†N‡l gvwUi Nvm KvUv DwPZ bq| †L‡Zi gv‡S gv‡S DuPy AvBj †eu‡aI ¶q †iva
Kiv hvq|
gvwU‡Z meyR mvi, wnDgvm, †Mvei mvi, LBj, K‡¤cv÷ mvi cÖ‡qvM K‡i gvwUi
¶q †iva Kiv hvq| mvi I wnDgvm †Pvl KvM‡Ri g‡Zv cvwb Py‡l †bq| Rwg‡Z
wewfbœ ai‡bi MvQ jvwM‡q cvwb I evZv‡mi MwZ †iva K‡i gvwU ¶q nIqv †_‡K
i¶v Kiv hvq| ZvQvov cvwb wb®‹vk‡bi myweav K‡iI gvwU i¶v Kiv hvq|
†Zvgiv †ijjvB‡b Ges b`xi Dci †mZyi wb‡P †`L‡e b`xi wKbv‡i eo eo cv_i
ivLv Av‡Q| †mZyi wb‡P `yB cv‡k cvKv K‡i †`Iqv nq| el©vKv‡j cvwb cÖev‡ni
mgq AwaK †mªv‡Z hv‡Z gvwU m‡i wM‡q †mZyi ¶wZ bv nq †m Rb¨B G e¨e¯’v Kiv
nq| A‡bK †¶‡Î evu‡ai mvnv‡h¨I gvwU ¶q †iva Kiv hvq|
gvwU `~lY I `~l‡Yi KviY
gvwU †_‡K Avgiv Rxeb avi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxq Dcv`vb cvB| gvwUi mv‡_ Avgv‡`i
m¤cK© Nwbô| gvwU `wlZ n‡j Avgv‡`i RxebhvÎvq gvivZ¥K cÖfve †d‡j| gvwU
bvbvfv‡e `wlZ nq| gvwUi ¯^vfvweK ag© n‡”Q AveR©bv I eR©¨ c`v_©‡K e¨vK‡Uwiqvi
mvnv‡h¨ cuwP‡q gvwUi m‡½ wgwk‡q †djv| wKšÍy gvwU‡Z eR©¨ I AveR©bv AwaK
cwigv‡Y †e‡o †M‡j Zv cuPv‡bvi ¶gZv _v‡K bv| G‡Z gvwU `wlZ nq| ZvQvov
cwi‡ek
gvwU cwiwPwZ : weÁvb 23

c−vw÷K I cwjw_‡bi e¨vM gvwU‡Z KL‡bv wg‡k bv, cu‡P bv| G¸‡jv gvwUi De©iv
kw³ bó K‡i| Rwg‡Z ivmvqwbK mvi, KxU bvkK I Ily‡ai e¨envi gvwU `l‡Yi
Ab¨vb¨ KviY|
gvwU `lY †iv‡ai Dcvq
1. eb R½j aŸsm bv K‡i msi¶Y Kiv,
2. KjKviLvbvi eR¨© c`v_© hv‡Z †hLv‡b †mLv‡b bv †djv nq Zvi Rb¨ AvBbMZ
e¨e¯’v †bIqv,
3. AveR©bv I eR©¨ c`v_© gvwU‡Z cy‡Z †djv,
4. cwjw_‡bi cwie‡Z© cvURvZ `ªe¨ e¨envi Kiv,
5. KxUbvkK I ivmvqwbK mvi e¨env‡ii cwigvY mxwgZ ivLv Ges
6. ivmvqwbK mv‡ii cwie‡Z© ˆRe mvi e¨envi Kiv|
cwi‡ek i¶vq gvwUi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
†Zvgiv Av‡MB †R‡bQ, Dw™¢` I cÖvYx †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ bvbvfv‡e gvwUi Ici
wbf©ikxj| Dw™¢` Rb¥v‡bvi Rb¨ gvwU `iKvi| gvwUi duv‡K duv‡K †h cvwb I LwbR
jeY _v‡K Zv Dw™¢‡`i Lv`¨ ˆZwii Kv‡R jv‡M| Avgv‡`i †gŠwjK Pvwn`v †hgbÑ
Abœ, e¯, evm¯’vb, wPwKrmv BZ¨vw`i Rb¨ Avgiv Dw™¢‡`i Ici wbf©ikxj| ïay
gvbyl I cïcvwL bq Ab¨vb¨ †QvU RxeI gvwUi Ici wbf©ikxj|
cwi‡e‡ki AwaKvsk cvwL Mv‡Qi dj I exR †L‡q evu‡P| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv cïcvwL
Mv‡Qi Kv‡Êi M‡Z© evm K‡i †hgbÑ †kqvj, †cuPv| KxUcZ½ †hgb- †gŠgvwQ,
cÖRvcwZ, dwos, dz‡ji gay I cvZvi im †L‡q †eu‡P _v‡K| †Ku‡Pv gvwU‡Z evm K‡i
Ges gvwU †_‡K Lv`¨ MªnY K‡i| †Ku‡Pv‡K ejv nq cÖvK…wZK jvOj| K…l‡Kiv †hgb
jvOj w`‡q Pvl K‡i Rwgi gvwU AvjMv K‡i, †Ku‡PvI GKBfv‡e gvwU SziSz‡i Kivi
KvR K‡i Pj‡Q| gvwU‡Z evm K‡i Av‡iv A‡bK ¶z`ª ¶z`ª Rxe| †hgbÑ QÎvK,
24 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

e¨vK‡Uwiqv| Giv mKj Rx‡ei g„Zy¨i c‡i †m¸‡jv‡K cuwP‡q gvwUi mv‡_ wgwk‡q
†`q I gvwUi De©iv kw³ evovq| gvwUi cvwb aviY ¶gZv evovq| e„wói cvwb,
b`xbvjv, Lvjwej Gi cvwb PyB‡q wM‡q gvwUi Mfx‡i wM‡q Rgv _v‡K| †Zvgiv
ej‡Z cvi e„wói cvwb †Kv_vq hvq? e„wói cvwb b`xbvjv I Lvjwe‡j P‡j hvq|
Z‡e gvwU wKQy cwigvY cvwb †kvlY K‡i †bq| GRb¨ gvwU †fRv _v‡K| Dw™¢`
gvwUi cvwb I LwbR jeY Lv`¨ ˆZwii Kv‡R jvMvq| Dw™¢` wKQy cvwb cvZvi wb‡Pi
c„‡ôi wQ`ª c‡_ ev®cvKv‡i †Q‡o †`q| G Kvi‡Y cwi‡ek VvÛv _v‡K Ges e„wócvZ
N‡U| †Zvgiv †KD †KD cvnvo †`‡LQ| Avgv‡`i †`‡ki wewfbœ †Rjv †hgb-
PÆMªvg, ivOvgvwU, ev›`ievb, LvMovQwo, Kzwgj−vq i‡q‡Q †QvU eo A‡bK cvnvo|
Gme cvnvo gvwUi ˆZwi| Z‡e cvnv‡oi gvwU‡Z mvaviYZ cv_i, Pybvcv_i, evjy
BZ¨vw` †ewk _v‡K| cvnv‡o bvbv iK‡gi †QvU eo Dw™¢` Rb¥vq| cvnv‡o Rb¥v‡bv
Dw™¢` †_‡K Avgiv bvbviKg dzj, dj I KvV cvB| evbi, nvwZ, nbygvb, mvc
Gme cªvYx mvaviYZ cvnvwo R½‡j evm K‡i| GQvov cvnv‡o i‡q‡Q bvbv Rv‡Zi
cvwL| Gi g‡a¨ gqbv, gywbqv cvwLi bvg D‡j−L‡hvM¨| †Zvgiv wbðqB ARMi
mv‡ci bvg ï‡bQ| G mvcI cvnvwo R½‡j evm K‡i| cvnvo ce©Z Avevi
e„wócvZ NUv‡ZI mvnvh¨ K‡i| GQvov mKj ai‡bi LwbR c`v_© Avgiv gvwUi
Af¨šÍ‡i Aew¯’Z Lwb †_‡K cvB|
gvwU msi¶‡Yi Dcvq
gvwU cwi‡e‡ki AwZ cÖ‡qvRbxq Dcv`vb| †Zvgiv GZ¶‡Y Rvb‡j gvwU Avgv‡`i
Kx Kx DcKv‡i Av‡m| ZvB gvwU msi¶Y Kiv GKvšÍ `iKvi| GRb¨ Avgv‡`i hv
Ki‡Z n‡e Zv nj-
− cª‡qvRb Qvov eb R½j aŸsm bv Kiv,
− †ewk K‡i MvQcvjv jvMv‡bv,
− gvwUi DcwifvM Lvwj bv †i‡L Nvm jvMv‡bv|
cwi‡ek
gvwU cwiwPwZ : weÁvb 25

Abykxjbx
K. mwVK DËiwU‡Z wUK wPý (√) `vI
1| †Kvb gvwUi cvwb a‡i ivLvi ¶gZv Lye †ewk ?
K) †e‡j gvwU L) Kv`v gvwU
M) †`uvAvk gvwU N) cwj gvwU
2| †Kvb gvwU †gvUv KYvhy³ ?
K) Kv`v gvwU L) cwj gvwU
M) †e‡j gvwU N) †`uvAvk gvwU
3| †Kvb gvwU‡Z cÖvq mgvb cwigv‡Y evwj, cwj I Kv`v _v‡K ?
K) †e‡j gvwU L) Gu‡Uj gvwU
M) cwj gvwU N) †`uvAvk gvwU
4| †Kvb mvi e¨env‡i MvQ `ªyZ ev‡o ?
K) bvB‡U«v‡Rb L) dmdivm
M) cUvwkqvg N) K‡¤cv÷
5| Gu‡Uj gvwU cvwb‡Z wfRv‡j Kx nq ?
K) †e‡j gvwU L) Kv`v gvwU
M) †`uvAvk gvwU N) cwj gvwU
6| †KvbwU ˆRe mvi bq ?
K) meyR mvi L) †Mvei mvi
M) K‡¤cv÷ N) BDwiqv
7| †KvbwU ivmvqwbK mvi ?
K) wUGmwc L) meyR mvi
M) K‡¤cv÷ mvi N) †Mvei mvi
26 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

8| Kx Kvi‡Y gvwU ¶q nq ?
K) MvQ cvjv †ewk jvMv‡j L) RbmsL¨v K‡g †M‡j
M) Rwg‡Z dmj eyb‡j N) cvwbi †mªvZ eB‡j
9| †Kvb Dcv‡q gvwU ¶q †iva Kiv hvq ?
K) MvQcvjv †K‡U L) Nvm †K‡U
M) e„¶ †ivcY K‡i N) dm‡ji †Mvov Dc‡i †d‡j
10| †KvbwU ˆRe mvi ?
K) BDwiqv L) †Mvei
M) wU«cj mycvi dm‡dU N) wgD‡iU Ae cUvk
11| †e‡j gvwU‡K †`uvAvk gvwU‡Z cwiYZ Ki‡Z cv‡i
K) meyR mvi L) K‡¤cv÷ mvi
M) ivmvqwbK mvi N) †Mvei mvi
L. kb¨¯’vb ciY Ki
1| gvwU cwi‡e‡ki GKwU gj¨evb ----------------|
2| MvQcvjv wba‡b gvwUi ------------- nq|
3| cwj gvwU dm‡ji Rwg‡K ---------- K‡i|
4| gvwU Avgv‡`i‡K †`q --------- I ----------|
5| gvwU‡Z Kv`v, evwj --------------- wgkª Ae¯_vq _v‡K|
6| g„Z MvQcvjv I cÖvYx †`‡ni cuPv Ask wg‡j ˆZwi nq --------------|
7| evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk Rwgi gvwU --------------|
8| Dw™¢` gvwU †_‡K ------------- Dcv`vb msMªn K‡i|
9| AwaK gvÎvq km¨ djv‡bvi Rb¨ gvwUi ----------- cwigvY K‡g hvq|
10| †ewk cwigv‡Y -------------- mvi cÖ‡qv‡M gvwUi De©iZv n«vm cvq|
11| Gu‡Uj I Kv`v gvwUi cvwb †kvlY ---------------- Kg|
gvwU cwiwPwZ : weÁvb
cwi‡ek 27

12| mvi I ------------------ †Pvl KvM‡Ri g‡Zv cvwb Py‡l †bq|

13| cwi‡e‡ki cÖvq me Dw™¢` Rb¥v‡bvi Rb¨ ------------- `iKvi|
14| †K‡Puv‡K ejv nq -------------- jvOj|
M. msw¶ß cÖkœ
1| Gu‡Uj gvwUi ˆewkó¨ Kx ?
2| wnDgvm ej‡Z Kx eyS ?
3| †e‡j I †`uvAvk gvwUi cv_©K¨ †jL|
4| mvi †Kb e¨envi Kiv nq ?
5| mvi KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx ?
6| gvwU ¶‡qi AcKvwiZv Kx ?
7| Kxfv‡e gvwUi ¶q †iva Kiv hvq ?
8| gvwU `lY ej‡Z Kx eyS?
9| gvwU `lY †iv‡ai 6wU Dcvq †jL|
10| cwi‡ek i¶vq †Ku‡Pvi fwgKv Kx ?
N. iPbvgjK cÖkœ
1| meyR I ˆRe mvi Zywg Kxfv‡e ˆZwi Ki‡e †jL|
2| †Kvb gvwU‡Z †Kvb ai‡bi dmj fv‡jv nq|
3| gvwU ¶‡qi cÖavb KviY¸‡jv Kx Kx ?
4| Rwgi De©iZv e„w×i Rb¨ Kx Kx e¨e¯’v MªnY Kiv nq ?
5| gvwU `l‡Yi KviY eY©bv Ki|
6| ivmvqwbK mvi e¨env‡ii ¶wZKviK w`K¸‡jvi eY©bv `vI|
7| †Zvgvi Kv‡Q wZb ai‡bi gvwU †`Iqv n‡jv| Zywg Kxfv‡e wm×všÍ †b‡e
†KvbwU †`uvAvk gvwU?
28 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

Aa¨vq wZb

cvwb
cvwb Qvov †Kv‡bv Rxe †eu‡P _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB cvwbi Aci bvg Rxeb|
Avgv‡`i kix‡i cÖvq mËi fvM cvwb Av‡Q|
cvwbi Drm
c„w_ex c„‡ôi Pvifv‡Mi cÖvq wZb fvM
cvwb i‡q‡Q| wewfbœ Drm †_‡K cvwb
cvIqv hvq| cyKyi, b`x, mgy`ª, Lvj,
wej, nvIi, evIi, K‚c, bjK‚c, SiYv
BZ¨vw` †_‡K Avgiv cvwb cvB| GQvov K~c bjK~c
e„wóI cvwbi GKwU Drm|

e„wói cvwb Rjvkq

wPÎ: cvwbi wewfbœ Drm

cwi‡ek
cvwb cwiwPwZ : weÁvb 29

†Zvgvi GjvKvq cvwbi Kx Kx Drm i‡q‡Q? Gi GKwU ZvwjKv ‰Zwi Ki|

GjvKvq cvwbi Drm
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
cvwbi Dr‡mi †Kvb¸‡jv gvby‡li ˆZwi? gvbyl wb‡R‡`i cÖ‡qvR‡b cyKzi Kv‡U,
bjKc emvq, K‚c Lbb K‡i| †mŠ›`h© e„w×i Rb¨ bvbv RvqMvq K„wÎg SiYv ˆZwi
K‡i| n«` ˆZwi K‡i| GMy‡jv gvby‡li ˆZwi Drm| Ab¨vb¨ Drm †hgbÑ b`x, mgy`ª,
cvnv‡oi SiYv, e„wó G¸‡jv B‡”Q Ki‡jB gvbyl ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| G¸‡jv
cvwbi cÖvK…wZK Drm|

wPÎ: K…wÎg n«` wPÎ: K…wÎg SiYv

30 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

cvwbi e¨envi
Z„òv †c‡j Avgiv cvwb cvb Kwi| ïay Avgiv bB| Dw™¢` I Ab¨vb¨ RxeRšÍyI cvwb
cvb K‡i| nvZ gyL †avqv, ARy Kiv, †Mvmj Kiv, Kvco †avqv, _vjvevmb †avqv I
cwi®‹vi cwi”QbœZvi Rb¨ bvbv Kv‡R cvwb e¨envi nq| Kz‡gvi Gu‡Uj gvwU‡Z cvwb
wgwk‡q Kv`vi g‡Zv ˆZwi K‡i nvwo cvwZj, Kjm, dz‡ji Ue, dzj`vwb, cyZyj I
my›`i my›`i †Ljbv, dj BZ¨vw`i g‡Wj evbvq|
KjKviLvbv, B‡Ui fvUvq I K…wl Kv‡R cÖPyi cvwb e¨envi Kiv nq| K„wlKvR,
wkíKviLvbv, grm¨ Pvl BZ¨vw`‡Z cÖPyi cvwb e¨envi Kiv nq|

wPÎ: gvbyl, cvwL I Ab¨vb¨ RxeRš—y wPÎ: Dw™¢‡`i Rb¨ cvwbi cÖ‡qvRb wPÎ: bvbv Kv‡R cvwbi
cvwb cvb K‡i e¨envi

wPÎ: Kz‡gvi gvwUi wRwbm ‰Zwi‡Z wPÎ: K…wlKv‡R cvwbi wPÎ: euva w`‡q we`y¨r
cvwb e¨envi Ki‡Q e¨envi Drc‡bœi `„k¨
cwi‡ek
cvwb cwiwPwZ : weÁvb 31

†Zvgiv ï‡b AevK n‡e †h eo eo b`x‡Z euva w`‡q h‡_ó cwigvY cvwb Rwg‡q
cieZ©x‡Z cvwb †Q‡o cÖej †mªvZ ˆZwi Kiv nq| cvwb †mªv‡Zi G kw³‡K Kv‡R
jvwM‡q we`y¨r Drcbœ Kiv hvq| Avgv‡`i †`‡k KvßvBÑG KY©dzjx b`x‡Z cvwbi
cÖej †mªvZ‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q we`y¨r Drcbœ Kiv nq|
Kx Kx Kv‡R cvwb e¨envi nq Zv †Zvgiv Rvb‡j| GLb †Zvgvi GjvKvq Kx Kx
Kv‡R cvwb e¨envi Kiv nq Zvi GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki|
GjvKvq cvwb e¨env‡ii ZvwjKv
1|
2|
3|
4|
wgVv cvwb I jeYv³ cvwb
†Zvgiv evwo‡Z †h cvwb e¨envi Ki Zvi ¯^v` †Kgb? G cvwb cvb K‡i Z„wß cvI
wK? GK M−vm cvwb‡Z wKQyUv jeY ¸‡j cvb Ki| G cvwbi ¯^v` †Kgb? jeYv³ ZvB
bv? G cvwb cvb K‡i Z„wß cvIqv hvq bv| mgy‡`ªi cvwb jeYv³| †h cvwb ¯^v‡`
jeYv³ Zv‡K jeYv³ cvwb e‡j| Avi †h cvwb ¯^v‡` jeYv³ bq †m cvwb‡K wgVv
cvwb e‡j|
`wlZ cvwb
Rxeb avi‡Yi Rb¨ Acwinvh© Dcv`vb n‡”Q cvwb| †h cvwb‡Z aywjKYv I †ivMRxevYy
_v‡K Zv‡K `wlZ cvwb e‡j| eR¨© c`v_© cvwb‡Z †dj‡j cvwb `wlZ nq| †h
cvwb‡Z gqjv, AveR©bv I ˆkevj †ewk †mB cvwb †ewk `wlZ |
gvbylB cÖavbZ cvwb `wlZ K‡i| †Zvgiv Mªv‡g A‡bK mgq †`L‡e, †h cyKz‡ii cvwb
Lvevi I ivbœvi Kv‡R e¨envi Kiv nq †mB cyKz‡iB Miy, gwnl †Mvmj Kiv‡bv nq|
†ivMxi Kvco †Pvco †avqv nq| G‡Z cyKz‡ii cvwb‡Z †ivM RxevYy Qwo‡q hvq I cvwb
32 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

`wlZ nq| ZvQvov mvevb w`‡q nvuwo evmb cyKz‡ii cvwb‡Z ay‡jI cvwb `wlZ nq|
cyKzi ev Rjvk‡qi av‡i gjgÎ Z¨v‡Mi e¨e¯’v Kiv DwPZ bq| gjgÎ PyB‡q
cvwb‡K `wlZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| A‡bK mgq KjKviLvbvi AveR©bv, welv³ ivmvqwbK
c`v©_ cvwb‡Z wg‡kI cvwb‡K `wlZ K‡i| AwZwi³ ivmvqwbK mvi I KxUbvkK
Rwg‡Z e¨envi Kiv n‡j eb¨v I e„wói cvwb‡Z G¸‡jv ay‡q Rjvkq I b`x‡Z wg‡k
hvq, G‡Z cvwb `wlZ nq| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv mgq jÂ, ÷xgvi †_‡K wbM©Z R¡vjvwb
†Zj cvwb‡K `wlZ K‡i|
c−vw÷K, cwjw_b, b`©gvi AveR©bv I RxeRšÍyi g„Z‡`n cvwb‡Z wg‡k cvwb‡K `wlZ
K‡i| ZvQvov cvU, evuk BZ¨vw` cvwb‡Z cuPv‡jI cvwb `wlZ nq|

wPÎ: cvwb `~lY

`wlZ cvwbi ¶wZKviK w`K
cvwbi Aci bvg Rxeb| cvwbi Ici wbf©i K‡i †eu‡P _v‡K mKj cÖKvi Dw™¢` I
cÖvYx| `~wlZ cvwbi Aci ¶wZKviK w`K¸‡jv njÑ
1. M„n¯’vjxi AveR©bv, †ivMxi gjgÎ, KjKviLvbvi eR©¨ c`v_© cvwb‡K `wlZ K‡i
G‡Z wewfbœ cvwbevwnZ †ivM, †hgbÑ Wvqwiqv, K‡jiv, Avgvkq, RwÊm BZ¨vw`
†iv‡Mi we¯vi N‡U|
cwi‡ek
cvwb cwiwPwZ : weÁvb 33

2. cvwb‡Z †ewk cwigv‡Y AveR©bv cuP‡bi Rb¨ Aw·‡R‡bi Afve nq|

Aw·‡R‡bi Afv‡e RjR Rxe g‡i hvq|
3. Rwg‡Z AwZwi³ ivmvqwbK mvi I KxUbvkK e¨envi Kiv n‡j G mvi I
KxUbvkK e„wói cvwbi mv‡_ wg‡k Rjvk‡q co‡j cvwb‡Z ˆkevj I Ab¨vb¨
RjR Dw™¢` †ewk R‡b¥| G¸‡jv cu‡P cvwb ¯^v`nxb I `M©Ühy³ nq| G‡Z
cvwb‡Z Aw·‡Rb K‡g hvq Ges RjR cÖvYxi g„Zy¨ nq|
4. `wlZ cvwb‡Z †Mvmj Ki‡j bvbv iKg Pg© †ivM nq|
cvwb `lY †iv‡ai Dcvq
`wlZ cvwb Avgv‡`i Rxe‡bi Rb¨ ¶wZKi| ZvB cvwb `lY †iv‡ai Rb¨ wbæwjwLZ
e¨e¯_v wb‡Z n‡eÑ
1. cvwb‡Z gqjv AveR©bv †djv hv‡e bv|
2. Rjvk‡qi cv‡k gjgÎ Z¨vM Kiv hv‡e bv|
3. RxeRšÍyi g„Z‡`n cu‡P cvwb‡Z hv‡Z bv wg‡k †m w`‡K j¶ ivL‡Z n‡e|
4. bjK‚c ev K‚qvi Pviw`K gvwU w`‡q DuPy K‡i †eu‡a w`‡Z n‡e ev cvKv K‡i
w`‡Z n‡e|
5. wkíKviLvbvi eR¨© c`v_© cvwb‡K `wlZ K‡i| ZvB eR©¨ c`v_© cvwb‡Z covi
Av‡M `lYgy³ Kivi e¨e¯’v wb‡Z n‡e| ZvQvov cvwb‡Z hv‡Z Gme eR©¨ c`v_©
wgk‡Z bv cv‡i †m Rb¨ mZK© _vK‡Z n‡e|
6. AwZwi³ KxUbvkK I ivmvqwbK mv‡ii e¨envi Kgv‡Z n‡e| ivmvqwbK mv‡ii
cwie‡Z© ˆRe mvi e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|
7. mgy`ª ev b`x‡Z †Z‡ji U¨vsK †_‡K R¡vjvwb †Zj bv covi e¨e¯’v wb‡Z n‡e|
8. KPywicvbvi g‡Zv Dw™¢` avZe KYv‡K wkK‡o a‡i ivL‡Z cv‡i, ZvB KPywicvbv cvwb
`lY Kgv‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| G Rb¨ `~wlZ Rjvk‡q KPzwicvbv Avev` Ki‡Z n‡e|
9. e¨envh© Rjvkq I cvwbi U¨vs‡K we−wPs cvDWvi, wdUwKwi BZ¨vw` cwigvYg‡Zv
wgkv‡j cvwb‡K RxevYygy³ I weï× Kiv hvq|
34 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

cwi‡ek i¶vq wbivc` cvwbi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv

cwi®‹vi I RxevYygy³ cvwb‡K wbivc` cvwb ejv nq| G Aa¨v‡q cvwb `wlZ nIqvi
bvbv KviY †Zvgiv †R‡bQ| `~wlZ I RxevYyhy³ cvwb e¨env‡ii ¶wZKi w`K
m¤c‡K©I †R‡bQ| wbR GjvKvi cvwb Kxfv‡e `wlZ nq ZvI †R‡bQ| Z‡e
RxevYyhy³ cvwb QvovI Av‡m©wbK Øviv cvwb welv³ n‡Z cv‡i hw` cvwb‡Z ¶wZKviK
gvÎvq Av‡m©wbK _v‡K|
eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki A‡bK ¯_v‡b wUDeI‡q‡ji cvwb‡Z Av‡m©wbK cvIqv †M‡Q|
Av‡m©wbKhy³ cvwb welv³ cvwb| G cvwb cvb Kiv wbivc` bq| wKšÍy G cvwb cvb
Ki‡j K‡qK eQ‡ii g‡a¨B †iv‡Mi j¶Y †`Lv †`q| cÖ_g Ae¯_vq †ivMxi nvZ cv
I kix‡ii wewfbœ ¯_v‡b Kv‡jv ¸wU †`Lv †`q| Av‡¯ Av‡¯ Mjv I †c‡U
R¡vjv‡cvovmn cÖPÊ e¨_v AbyfZ nq| Nb Nb ewg, cvqLvbv nq| gjØv‡i e¨_v I
R¡vjv‡cvov K‡i| nvZ I cv‡qi †cwk‡Z Uvb a‡i, kixi VvÛv n‡q Av‡m, †PvL e‡m
hvq| GK mgq k¦vmKó ïiy nq, R¡i _v‡K| wKWbxi Kg©¶gZv K‡g Av‡m, ewg,
i³ewg, RwÊm I gv_vi hšYv nq| Ae‡k‡l Kz‡ôi g‡Zv cPb a‡i mviv kix‡i|
Zvici AvµvšÍ nq K¨v›mv‡i| Av‡¯ Av‡¯ gvbyl g„Zy¨i w`‡K GwM‡q hvq| Z‡e
cÖ_g chv©‡q hLb Pvgovq `vM cov ïiy nq ZLb weKí cvwbi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z cvi‡j
G †ivM Avi e„w× cv‡e bv| G Ae¯_vq Rjvk‡qi cvwb dzwU‡q cvb Ki‡Z n‡e|
wKšÍy G ch©v‡qi ci †ivM cÖwZ‡iva Kiv KwVb|

wPÎ: Av‡m©wb‡K AvµvšÍ †ivMxi nvZ, cv

cvwb cwiwPwZ : weÁvb
cwi‡ek 35

cvwb msi¶Y
cvwb Avgv‡`i Rxeb avi‡Yi Rb¨ Acwinvh© Dcv`vb| my¯’fv‡e †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨
Ges cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨ i¶vq cvwb msi¶‡Y Avgv‡`i hZevb nIqv `iKvi|
cvwbi AcPq Kiv hv‡e bv| cvwb‡K `wlZ Kiv hv‡e bv| weï× I wbivc` cvwb
cvb I e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| GjvKvq †h fv‡e cvwb `wlZ, welv³ wKsev RxevYyhy³
nq Zv †iv‡ai Rb¨ m‡Pó n‡Z n‡e| Am‡PZb GjvKvevmx‡K `wlZ I welv³
cvwb cvb I e¨env‡ii ¶wZKi w`K m¤c©‡K Rvbv‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡qvR‡b eo‡`i
mnvqZv PvB‡Z n‡e|
Gevi Kxfv‡e GjvKvevmx‡K weï× cvwb e¨env‡i m‡PZb K‡i †Zvjv hvq Zvi
GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki| G e¨vcv‡i wk¶‡Ki mvnvh¨ bvI| Gevi wb‡Pi QKwU
e¨envi K‡i †Zvgvi GjvKvi cvwb `l‡Yi GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki | Kx Dcv‡q G
`lY †iva Kiv hvq e‡j Zywg g‡b Ki †m¸‡jvI cv‡k †jL| cª‡qvR‡b eo‡`i
mvnvh¨ bvI|
†hfv‡e GjvKvi cvwb `wlZ nq cvwb `lY †iva Kivi Dcvq
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.
36 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

Abykxjbx
K. mwVK DËiwU‡Z wUK wPý (√) `vI
1| cÖvK…wZK cvwbi Drm †KvbwU ?
K) cyKyi L) K‚c
M) bjK‚c N) SiYv
2| jeYv³ cvwbi Drm †KvbwU ?
K) cyKyi L) Lvj
M) K‚c N) mgy`ª
3| evsjv‡`‡ki wUDeI‡q‡ji cvwb‡Z †Kvb welv³ c`v_© cvIqv †M‡Q ?
K) Kve©‡bU L) Avqib
M) †K¬vwib N) Av‡m©wbK
4| Av‡m©wbK `l‡Y AvµvšÍ †ivMxi cÖ_g j¶Y Kx ?
K) K¨v›mvi L) Pvgovq `vM
M) RwÊm N) i³ewg
5| cvwbevwnZ †ivM †KvbwU?
K) K‡jiv L) gv_v e¨_v
M) k¦vmKó N) ivZKvbv
6| ivmvqwbK mvi cyKz‡i co‡j gvQ g‡i hvIqvi KviY Kx ?
K) cvwb `wlZ nq L) gvQ ZvovZvwo eo nq
M) cvwb‡Z Aw·‡R‡bi Afve nq N) †ewk ˆkevj R‡b¥
cwi‡ek
cvwb cwiwPwZ : weÁvb 37

L. msw¶ß cÖkœ
1| cvwbi 5wU Dr‡mi bvg ej|
2| cvwbi 5wU e¨envi D‡j−L Ki|
3| 3wU cvwbevwnZ †iv‡Mi bvg ej|
M. iPbvgjK cÖkœ
1| cvwievwiK I Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡R cvwbi e¨envi eY©bv Ki|
2| wgVv cvwb I jeYv³ cvwb ej‡Z Kx eyS ? D`vniY `vI|
3| `wlZ I wbivc` cvwb ej‡Z Kx eyS ?
4| cvwb `l‡Yi 6wU KviY ej|
5| welv³ I RxevYyhy³ cvwb Kxfv‡e gvbyl I Ab¨vb¨ cÖvYx Ges Dw™¢‡`i ¶wZ
K‡i?
6| cvwb `lY †iv‡ai Dcvqmgn †jL|
7| Av‡m©wbK `l‡Y AvµvšÍ e¨w³i j¶Y¸‡jv Kx ?
8| GjvKvevmx‡K weï× cvwb e¨env‡i m‡PZb K‡i †Zvjvi Rb¨ Kx Kx
e¨e¯’v †bIqv †h‡Z cv‡i ms‡¶‡c †jL|
38 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

Aa¨vq Pvi

evqy
cÖPÊ Mi‡g wSiwS‡i evZvm eB‡j Lye Avivg jv‡M ZvB bv? G evZvm aiv hvq bv,
†Qvuqv hvq bv GgbwK †`LvI hvq bv| ïay Gi cik Abyfe Kiv hvq| Avgv‡`i
Pvicv‡k i‡q‡Q evZvm| G c„w_ex‡KI wN‡i i‡q‡Q evZv‡mi AveiY| evZvm ev
evqyi G AveiY‡K e‡j evqygÊj| c„w_ex c„ô †_‡K hZ Dc‡ii w`‡K IVv hvq evqy
ZZ Kg‡Z _v‡K| gnvk‡b¨ evqy _v‡K bv|
evqyi Aw¯Z¡
wb‡Pi wPÎwU j¶ Ki| GLvb †_‡K evqyi Aw¯‡Z¡i AšÍZ 5wU D`vniY `vI Ges
†Zvgvi LvZvq †jL|

wPÎ: evqyi Aw¯Z¡

evZv‡m Mv‡Qi cvZv b‡o, AvKv‡k †gN †f‡m †eovq, b`x‡Z cvj †Zvjv †bŠKv P‡j,
AvKv‡k Nywo I‡o, Kvco I‡o Av‡iv KZ Kx| †Zvgiv Kvj ˆekvLx So †`‡LQ?
ZLb cªPÊ †e‡M evqy cÖevwnZ nq| A‡bK mgq Lye †Rv‡i S‡ov nvIqv eB‡j Ni
evwo †f‡O hvq, wU‡bi Pvj Dwo‡q wb‡q hvq, MvQcvjv Dc‡o †d‡j|
cwi‡ek
evqy cwiwPwZ : weÁvb 39

evqyi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
evqy Qvov Avgiv GK gynZ©I evuP‡Z cvwi bv| ïay Avgiv bB, evqy Qvov †Kv‡bv RxeB
†eu‡P _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| Rxe k¦vmKv‡h©i gva¨‡g evqyi Aw·‡Rb MªnY K‡i| RjR
Dw™¢` I cÖvYxI cvwb †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq Aw·‡Rb MªnY K‡i k¦mbKvh© Pvjvq| k¦mb
cÖwµqvq mKj Rx‡e kw³ Drcbœ nq|
Dw™¢` ïay k¦m‡bi Rb¨B bq, wbR †`‡n Lv`¨ ˆZwii Rb¨I evqy e¨envi K‡i|
w`‡bi †ejvq Dw™¢` m‡h©i Av‡jvi Dcw¯_wZ‡Z evqy †_‡K Kve©b WvBA·vBW I
gvwU †_‡K cvwb I cywó Dcv`vb ï‡l wb‡q meyR cvZvq Lv`¨ ˆZwi K‡i| evqyi
bvB‡U«v‡Rb Dw™¢‡`i Rb¨ GKwU cÖ‡qvRbxq Dcv`vb| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Dw™¢` evqy
†_‡K mivmwi bvB‡U«v‡Rb MªnY K‡i| Z„Zxq †kªYx‡Z †Zvgiv †R‡bQ, evqy Av¸b
R¡j‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| evqyi †h Dcv`vbwU Av¸b R¡j‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i †mwU n‡jv
Aw·‡Rb|
cix¶Y
Aw·‡Rb †h Av¸b R¡j‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i Zv GKwU cix¶v K‡i †`L| Z‡e wk¶K
wKsev eo‡`i mvg‡b cix¶vwU Ki‡e †hb †Kv‡bv `yN©Ubv bv N‡U| wP‡Îi g‡Zv
GKwU evwU‡Z GKwU †gvgevwZ emvI| G‡Z LvwbKUv cvwb `vI| †gvgevwZwU
R¡vwj‡q `vI| Gevi Kv‡Pi M−vm w`‡q †gvgevwZwU wP‡Îi g‡Zv K‡i †X‡K `vI|

wPÎ: Aw·‡Rb Av¸b R¡j‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i

40 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

Kx †`L‡j? †gvgevwZwU wb‡f wM‡q‡Q I wKQy cvwb M−v‡mi wfZ‡i Dc‡i I‡V G‡m‡Q|
†Kb cvwb M−v‡mi Dc‡i I‡V G‡m‡Q? KviY M−v‡mi wfZ‡i †h evZvm wQj Zv‡Z Aw·‡Rb
wQj| GB Aw·‡R‡bi Kvi‡Y M−vmwU w`‡q RjšÍ †gvgevwZwU †X‡K †`Iqvi ciI wKQy¶Y
†gvgevwZwU R¡‡j Zvici wb‡f †M‡Q| Avi M−v‡mi wfZ‡ii Aw·‡Rb dzwi‡q hvIqvq †h
kb¨Zvi m„wó n‡q‡Q Zv ciY Kivi Rb¨B cvwb Dc‡i I‡V G‡m‡Q|
GLb GKwU †¯‹j w`‡q M−vmwUi KZ Ask ch©šÍ cvwb I‡V‡Q Zv cwigvc Ki|
†`L‡e †h m¤c~Y© M−v‡mi cÖvq 1/5 As‡k cvwb I‡V G‡m‡Q|
Zvn‡j G cix¶v †_‡K Kx Kx wm×v‡šÍ Avmv hvq?
- Aw·‡Rb Av¸b R¡j‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|
- †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡bi evqy‡Z cÖvq 1/5 Ask Aw·‡Rb _v‡K|

evqyi Dcv`vb
evqy GKwU wgkª c`v_©| evqyi Dcv`vb¸‡jv n‡jv Aw·‡Rb, bvB‡U«v‡Rb, Kve©b
WvBA·vBW, Rjxqev®c Ges AvM©b, wnwjqvg, wbqb cÖf„wZ wbw®Œq M¨vm I aywjKYv|
evqyi GB Dcv`vb¸‡jv‡K c„_K K‡i bvbv Kv‡R e¨envi Kiv hvq|

Aw·‡R‡bi e¨envi
k¦vm cÖk¦vm QvovI gvbyl bvbv
Kv‡R evqyi Aw·‡Rb e¨envi K‡i|
hviv k¦vmK‡ói †ivMx Zv‡`i Rb¨
A‡bK mgq wmwjÛv‡i Aw·‡Rb
e¨envi Kiv nq| wmwjÛv‡ii
Aw·‡Rb Zij Ae¯_vq _v‡K|
cvwb‡Z Wy‡e _vKv Ae¯’vq k¦vm
wPÎ: Aw·‡R‡bi e¨envi
evqy cwiwPwZ : weÁvb
cwi‡ek 41

MªnY Kiv hvq bv| ZvB Wyeyixiv hLb †Kv‡bv wKQyi mÜv‡b †ewk mgq a‡i b`x ev
mgy‡`ªi cvwbi wb‡P Ny‡i †eovq ZLb Aw·‡R‡bi wmwjÛvi mv‡_ †bb| DuPy ce©‡Zi
Av‡ivnx‡`i Rb¨I Aw·‡Rb wmwjÛvi cÖ‡qvRb nq| KviY fc„ô †_‡K hZ Dc‡i
IVv hvq, Aw·‡R‡bi cwigvY ZZ Kg‡Z _v‡K| ZvB ce©Zv‡ivnx, D‡ovRvnvR
PvjK Ges DuPy AvKv‡k ågYKvix‡`i Rb¨ A‡bK mgq AwZwi³ Aw·‡R‡bi
cÖ‡qvRb nq|
bvB‡U«v‡R‡bi e¨envi
gvwUi De©iZv e„w×i Rb¨ KL‡bv KL‡bv ivmvqwbK mvi e¨envi Kiv nq| †hgbÑ
BDwiqv| BDwiqvi Av‡iK bvg bvB‡U«v‡Rb mvi| Mv‡Qi e„w×i Rb¨ G mvi Lye
`iKvi| BDwiqv mvi cÖ¯ywZ‡Z evZv‡mi bvB‡U«v‡Rb e¨envi Kiv nq| AvRKvj
Avgv‡`i †`‡k wUbRvZ I c¨v‡KURvZ bvbv ai‡bi Lvevi cvIqv hvq| †hgb- gvQ,

wPÎ: bvB‡U«v‡R‡bi e¨envi

gvsm, dj, wPcm BZ¨vw`| Gme Lv`¨ hv‡Z cu‡P bv hvq †mRb¨I bvB‡U«v‡Rb
e¨envi Kiv nq|
Kve©b WvBA·vB‡Wi e¨envi
†Zvgiv eo eo `vjv‡b, wm‡bgv n‡j, KjKviLvbvq, hvbevn‡b wP‡Îi g‡Zv GKwU
hš wbðqB †`‡L _vK‡e|
42 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

Gi bvg AwMœ wbe©vcK hš ev Av¸b wbfv‡bvi

hš| G h‡š wKQy wKQy ivmvqwbK `ªe¨ _v‡K|
wP‡Î h‡ši Dci †h nvZjwU †`L‡Z cv”Q,
†mwU Pvc w`‡j ivmvqwbK `ªe¨¸‡jv GK‡Î
wg‡k †dbvi g‡Zv Kve©b WvBA·vBW Drcbœ
nq| Kve©b WvBA·vBW Av¸b wbfv‡Z
mvnvh¨ K‡i| G M¨vm evqyi †P‡q fvix|
†Zvgiv Rvb Aw·‡Rb Av¸b R¡j‡Z mvnvh¨
K‡i| †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡b Av¸b jvM‡j hw` Kve©b
WvBA·vB‡Wi †dbv †¯cª K‡i GKwU AveiY
wPÎ: AwMœ wbev©cK hš
m„wó Kiv hvq Zvn‡j Av¸b evZv‡mi
Aw·‡R‡bi ms¯c‡k© Avm‡Z cv‡i
bv| d‡j Av¸b wb‡f hvq|
†Zvgiv dvbUv, †ccwm, †m‡fb
Avc, Avi wm †Kvjv BZ¨vw` cvb
Ki| cvb Kivi Av‡M hLb Gi
†evZj ev K¨vbwU †Lvj ZLb Kx
wPÎ: Kve©b WvBA·vB‡Wi e¨envi
†`L‡Z cvI? M¨v‡mi ey`ey` Dc‡ii
w`‡K I‡V Av‡m ZvB bv? G ey`ey` Kve©b WvBA·vBW M¨v‡mi ey`ey`| cvbxq ‰Zwi
Ki‡Z †evZ‡j D”PPv‡c Kve©b WvBA·vBW M¨vm wgkv‡bv nq|
evqy `lY
†Zvgiv †R‡bQ evZv‡m wbw`©ó cwigv‡Y wewfbœ M¨vm _v‡K| hw` †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y Gme
M¨v‡mi Nb‡Z¡i cwieZ©b nq ev evZv‡m aywjKYvi cwigvY †e‡o hvq ZLbB evZvm
`wlZ nq| ZvQvov KjKviLvbvi †auvqv, hvbevn‡bi Kv‡jv †avuqv evqy‡K `wlZ
K‡i| Ggb wK ZvgvK, wewo wmMv‡i‡Ui †avuuqvI evqy‡K `wlZ K‡i|
evqy cwiwPwZ : weÁvb
cwi‡ek 43

†h evqy‡Z `wlZ M¨vm, †ivMRxevYy, aywjKYv wgwkªZ _v‡K Zv‡K `wlZ evqy e‡j|
weï× evqy‡Z cwigvYg‡Zv Aw·‡Rb, bvB‡U«v‡Rb, Kve©b WvBA·vBW, AvM©©b,
wnwjqvg I Rjxq ev®c _v‡K wKšÍy aywjKYv, †auvqv, †Kv‡bv cÖKvi `wlZ M¨vm,
†ivMRxevYy ev Ab¨vb¨ c`v_© _v‡K bv|

wPÎ: evqy `~lY

evqy `l‡Yi KviY
†hLv‡b †mLv‡b Kd, _y_y †dj‡j Ges cvqLvbv cÖmªve Ki‡j †ivMRxevYy evqy‡Z
wg‡k evqy‡K `wlZ K‡i|
†hLv‡b †mLv‡b AveR©bv I g„Z RxeRšÍy †dj‡j G¸‡jv cu‡P `~MÜ© Qovq I evqy
`lY NUvq|
KjKviLvbv, B‡Ui fvUv BZ¨vw` †_‡K wbM©Z †auvqv Ges Pvgovi KviLvbvi `~wlZ
e‡R©¨i `~M©Ü evqy `~lY K‡i| ZvQvov ivbœvi Pyjv, †gvUi Mvwoi Ae¨en„Z Uvqvi
†cvov‡bvi d‡j wbM©Z †avuqv evqy‡K `wlZ K‡i|
KjKviLvbv I hvbevn‡bi †avuqvq Kve©b WvBA·vBW, mvjdvi WvBA·vBW,
bvB‡U«v‡R‡bi A·vBW _v‡K| Gme M¨vm Rjxq ev‡®ci mv‡_ wg‡k GwmW
ˆZwi K‡i Ges evqy‡K `wlZ K‡i| e„wói mv‡_ GB GwmW fc„‡ô G‡m c‡o|
A‡bK mgq hvbevn‡bi R¡vjvwb †Z‡j mxmv wgwkªZ _v‡K, G mxmv Kv‡jv †avuqvi
44 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

mv‡_ †ei n‡q evZv‡m fvm‡Z _v‡K I evZvm‡K `wlZ K‡i| Av‡MœqwMwii
AMœyrcvZ, ayjvevwj BZ¨vw`i Kvi‡YI evqy `wlZ nq|
`wlZ evqyi ¶wZKviK w`K
1. evZv‡m Kveb© WvBA·vBW Gi NbZ¡ †e‡o †M‡j evqygʇji Zvc ev‡o G‡Z
cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨ bó nq|
2. KjKviLvbv, hvbevnb BZ¨vw` †_‡K wbM©Z †avuqv evqyi mv‡_ †me‡bi d‡j
eª¼vBwUm, K¨v›mvi, nvucvwb BZ¨vw` †ivM m„wó n‡Z cv‡i|
3. KjKviLvbv I hvbevn‡bi †auvqvq wbM©Z M¨vm evqygʇj GwmW e„wó NUvq|
GwmW e„wó n‡j `vjvb‡KvVv bó nq| gv‡e©j cv_i ¶‡q hvq| Dw™¢` Ges
RjR cÖvYxi ¶wZ nq|
4. †gvUiMvwo I KjKviLvbv †_‡K wbM©Z Kve©b g‡bv·vBW M¨vm kix‡i i‡³i
m‡½ wg‡k i‡³ Aw·‡Rb Gi cwigvY Kwg‡q †`q, d‡j ¯^v‡¯’¨i ¶wZ nq|
5. mxmvhy³ †avuqv wkï I Mf©eZx gv‡qi Rb¨ LyeB ¶wZKi| i‡³ mxmvi cwigvY
†e‡o †M‡j ¶zav K‡g hvq, i³¯^íZv †`Lv †`q| wKWbx, øvqy I gw¯‡¯‹i
Amyweav †`Lv †`q| i³Pvc †e‡o hvq Ges wkï‡`i eyw×i weKvk e¨vnZ nq|
evqy `~lY †iv‡ai Dcvq
Avgiv evqy Qvov evuP‡Z cvwi bv| †e‡uP _vKvi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i †hgb Lvevi cÖ‡qvRb
†Zgwb my¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨ weï× evqyiI cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q| ZvB Avgv‡`i‡K evqy `lYgy³
ivLvi Rb¨ m‡Pó n‡Z n‡e| †hLv‡b †mLv‡b Kd, _y_y, Kvwk †djv hv‡e bv Ges
gjgÎ Z¨vM Kiv hv‡e bv| gqjv AveR©bv, g„Z RxeRšÍiy †`n gvwU‡Z cy‡Z ivL‡Z
n‡e| †ewk K‡i e„¶ †ivcY K‡i cwi‡e‡k evqyi Aw·‡Rb I Kve©b WvBA·vBW Gi
fvimvg¨ eRvq ivL‡Z n‡e| †c‡Uªv‡ji weKí wn‡m‡e Bwćb cÖvK…wZK M¨vm e¨envi
Ki‡Z n‡e| ÎywUcY© hvbevnb e¨envi Kiv DwPZ bq| A‡nZyK †Kv‡bv e¯y‡K
Av¸‡b R¡vwj‡q †avuqv m„wó Kiv DwPZ bq| evqy `lY K‡i Gic wkí cÖwZôvb kni
†_‡K `‡i ¯_vcb Ki‡Z n‡e Ges DuPy wPgbx e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡qvR‡bi
AwZwi³ KxUbvkK I ivmvqwbK mvi e¨envi Kiv DwPZ bq| weï× evqy †meb
Ki‡Z n‡j Avgv‡`i mKj‡K evqy `~lY‡iv‡a m‡Pó n‡Z n‡e| evqy `~lY †iv‡ai
AvBb Kvbyb †g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e|
evqy cwiwPwZ : weÁvb
cwi‡ek 45

Abykxjbx
K. mwVK DËiwU‡Z wUK wPý (√) `vI
1| evqy wKiƒc c`v_© ?
K) fvix L) KwVb
M) wgkª N) Zij
2| evqyi †Kvb Dcv`vbwU Dw™¢` Lv`¨ ˆZwii Rb¨ e¨envi K‡i ?
K) Aw·‡Rb L) bvB‡U«v‡Rb
M) Rjxqev®c N) Kve©b WvBA·vBW
3| evqyi †Kvb Dcv`vb Av¸b R¡j‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i ?
K) bvB‡U«v‡Rb L) AvM©b
M) Kv©eb WvBA·vBW N) Aw·‡Rb
4| †KvbwUi Kvi‡Y k¦vmKó †ivM nq ?
K) cvwb `lY L) kã `lY
M) gvwU `lY N) evqy `lY
5| Avgv‡`i k¦vm Kv‡Ri Rb¨ †KvbwUi cÖ‡qvRb ?
K) bvB‡U«v‡Rb L) Aw·‡Rb
M) wnwjqvg N) AvM©b
6| evZv‡mi mvnv‡h¨ †Kvb †ivMwU Qovq ?
K) h²v L) g¨v‡jwiqv
M) Avgvkq N) Wvqwiqv
7| AveR©bv †cvov‡j Kx nq ?
K) cvwb `lY L) gvwU `lY
M) evqy `lY N) kã `lY
46 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

L. kb¨¯’vb ciY Ki
1| ivmvqwbK mv‡i ---------- Av‡Q|
2| wUbRvZ Lv`¨ msi¶‡Y-------------- e¨envi Kiv nq|
3| wnwjqvg ---------- M¨vm|
4| †h evqy‡Z `wlZ M¨vm, awjKYv I ÑÑÑÑÑÑ _v‡K Zv‡K `wlZ evqy e‡j|
5| hvbevn‡bi R¡vjvwb †Z‡j ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ wgwkªZ _v‡K|
6| evqygʇj Kve©b WvBA·vBW Gi cwigvY ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑZvcgvÎv ev‡o|
M. msw¶ß cÖkœ
1| evqyi Aw¯‡Z¡i 5wU D`vniY `vI|
2| evqyi Dcv`vb¸‡jvi bvg ej|
3| Rx‡ei k¦vmKv‡h© evqyi †Kvb Dcv`vbwU e¨en„Z nq ?
4| evqy‡K †Kb wgkª c`v_© ejv nq ?
N. iPbvgjK cÖkœ
1| Aw·‡Rb Av¸b R¡j‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i Zv Kxfv‡e cÖgvY Ki‡e eY©bv `vI|
2| Aw·‡Rb Kx Kx Kv‡R e¨envi Kiv nq ?
3| bvB‡U«v‡Rb Kx Kx Kv‡R e¨envi Kiv nq ?
4| GKwU AwMœwbe©vcK hš Kxfv‡e KvR K‡i eY©bv Ki|
5| Wyeyix, ce©Zv‡ivnx I k¦vmK‡ói Rb¨ †Kb Aw·‡Rb wmwjÛv‡ii cÖ‡qvRb
nq e¨vL¨v K‡i eySvI|
6| cwi‡e‡ki evZvm Kx Kx Kvi‡Y `wlZ nq ?
7| evqy `l‡Yi ¶wZKi w`K¸‡jvi eY©bv `vI|
8| evqy `lY †iv‡ai Dcvqmgn †jL|
9| Zywg wb‡R Kxfv‡e evqy `lY †iva Ki‡e ?
cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb 47

Aa¨vq cvuP

we`y¨r kw³
kw³ Kx
Avgv‡`i Pvicv‡k i‡q‡Q eB, LvZv, †Uwej, †Pqvi, BU, cv_i, cvwb, gvwU, evZvm
Av‡iv KZ wK? G¸‡jvi AvKvi Av‡Q, AvqZb Av‡Q, fi Av‡Q| G¸‡jv RvqMv
`Lj K‡i| GMy‡jv‡K e‡j c`v_©| Avgv‡`i Pvicv‡k Av‡iv Av‡Q Av‡jv, Zvc,
kã, we`y¨r BZ¨vw`| c`v‡_©i g‡Zv Gm‡ei AvKvi AvqZb †bB| RvqMvI `Lj
K‡i bv| ZvB G¸‡jv‡K c`v_© ejv hvq bv| Z‡e Av‡jv †`Lv hvq, Zvc Abyfe
Kiv hvq, kã †kvbv hvq| we`y¨r cÖevn †`Lv hvq bv, Z‡e we`y¨‡Zi mvnv‡h¨ Avgiv
bvbv KvR Kwi| we`y¨‡Zi g‡Zv Zvc, Av‡jv I kã‡KI Avgiv bvbv Kv‡R e¨envi
Kwi| A_v©r we`y¨r, Zvc, Av‡jv, kã G¸‡jvi KvR Kivi mvg_©¨ Av‡Q| kw³ ej‡Z
KvR Kivi mvg_¨©‡K eySvq| ZvB we`y¨r, Zvc, Av‡jv, kã GMy‡jv‡K wewfbœ ai‡bi
kw³ ejv nq| AvgivI KvR Kwi| KvR Kivi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i kw³i cª‡qvRb nq|
G kw³ †Kv_v †_‡K Av‡m? Avgiv †h Lvevi LvB Zv Avgv‡`i KvR Kivi Rb¨ kw³
†hvMvq| Avgv‡`i †`‡n Lv`¨ cwicvK n‡q ivmvqwbK kw³ Drcbœ nq| ivmvqwbK
kw³ †_‡K Avevi Zvc kw³ Drcbœ nq| †Zvgvi kix‡i nv‡Zi D‡ëv w`KUv jvwM‡q
Abyfe Kivi †Póv Ki| kixiUv wK mvgvb¨ Mig jvM‡Q? Avm‡j ivmvqwbK kw³
†_‡KB Avgv‡`i kix‡i GB Zvc Drcbœ nq|
kw³ GK iƒc †_‡K Ab¨ iƒ‡c cwiewZ©Z n‡Z cv‡i| Avgiv hš †_‡K †h wewfbœ
ai‡bi kw³ cvB Zv wewfbœ i‡c cwiewZ©Z nq| †hgb UP© jvB‡U e¨vUvwii
ivmvqwbK kw³ we`y¨r kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ nq| G we`y¨r kw³ †_‡K Av‡jvK kw³
Drcbœ nq| Av‡jvi mvnv‡h¨ Avgiv †`wL| Av‡jvi duv` ˆZwi K‡i K…wl †L‡Z †cvKv
`gb Kiv nq| Qwe Zyj‡Z Av‡jv e¨envi Kiv nq| ev‡j¦ we`y¨r kw³ †_‡K Zvc kw³,
48 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

Bwćbi Zvc kw³ †_‡K MwZ kw³, †iwWI, †Uwjwfk‡b we`¨yr kw³ †_‡K kã kw³,
ˆe`y¨wZK Pyjv I Bw¯‡Z we`y¨r kw³ †_‡K Zvc kw³ Drcbœ nq| myZivs kw³ iƒc
e`jvq, kw³ aŸsm nq bv| GLb Avgiv we`y¨r kw³i wewfbœ iƒc I G¸‡jvi e¨envi
m¤c‡K© Rvbvi †Póv Kie|
we`y¨r kw³i e¨envi
AvRKvj bvbv ai‡bi h‡š
we`y¨r kw³ e¨envi Kiv
n‡”Q| myBP wUc‡j evwZ
R¡‡j, cvLv P‡j,
†Uwjwfk‡b Qwe †`Lv hvq|
†iwWI Ges †Uwjwfk‡b
Mvb evRbv, Lei QvovI
Lye ZvovZvwo Ab¨vb¨ Z_¨ wPÎ: N‡i evwZ R¡j‡Q, cvLv Pj‡Q, †Uwjwfk‡b †Ljv †`Lv
Rvbv hvq| c„w_exi †Kv_vI n‡”Q, Kw¤cDUvi Pvjv‡bv n‡”Q
†Ljv n‡j mv‡_ mv‡_ N‡i e‡mB Zywg Zv †`L‡Z I ïb‡Z cvI| †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨
e¨envi Ki †Uwj‡dvb, Kw¤cDUvi, d¨v· †gwkb BZ¨vw`|
avb fvbv, Mg †clv I gkjv
¸uov Kivi Rb¨ i‡q‡Q
we`y¨rPvwjZ hš| †mP Kv‡R
†Zvgiv we`y¨r PvwjZ
cv‡¤ci e¨envi †`‡LQ|

wPÎ: we`y¨r PvwjZ cv‡¤ci mvnv‡h¨ †L‡Z cvwb †`Iqv n‡”Q

cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb
we`y¨r kw³ 49

Avgiv A‡b‡KB ˆe`y¨wZK †mjvB †gwk‡b Kvco †mjvB Kwi| ˆe`y¨wZK Pyjvq ivbœv Kwi,

wPÎ: ˆe`y¨wZK Pyjv, Bw¯, †iwdªRv‡iUi I †mjvB‡gwkb

Bw¯ w`‡q Kvco Bw¯ Kwi|
†iwd«Rv‡iU‡i gvQ, gvsm I
Ab¨vb¨ Lvevi msi¶Y Kwi|
we`y¨‡Zi mvnv‡h¨ bvbv iK‡gi
ev`¨hš †hgb MxUvi, Kx †evW©
BZ¨vw` P‡j| fvix wRwbm‡K
h‡ši mvnv‡h¨ Dc‡i Zyj‡Z
n‡j e¨envi Kiv nq †µb| wPÎ: ˆe`y¨wZK ev`¨hš MxUvi, Kx †evW© I Ab¨vb¨ hš

wPÎ: †µb w`‡q fvix wRwbm †Zvjv n‡”Q

50 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

eo eo `vjv‡b wjdU Pvjv‡Z e¨envi Kiv nq we`y¨r| G iKg we`y¨rPvwjZ Av‡iv

A‡bK h‡ši D`vniY Zywg
wb‡RB w`‡Z cvi| j¶
Ki‡j †`L‡e we`y¨r
PvwjZ GK GK hš †_‡K
GK GK ai‡bi kw³
Drcbœ nq| Avgiv Av‡MB
†R‡bwQ UP© jvBU, evj¦,
wUDe jvBU †_‡K Av‡jv wPÎ: eûZj fe‡b wjd‡Ui e¨envi
Drcbœ nq|

wPÎ: UP© jvBU, wUDe jvBU, ev‡j¦i Av‡jv

†iwWI, †Uwjwfkb, †Uwj‡dvb, MxUvi, Kx †evW©, †Uc‡iKW©vi, A¨vjvg© BZ¨vw` †_‡K

†kvbv hvq bvbv iK‡gi kã| GLv‡b we`y¨r kw³ †_‡K kã kw³ Drcbœ nq|
cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb
we`y¨r kw³ 51

†gvevBj †Uwj‡dv‡bi e¨vUvwi‡K we`y¨‡Zi mvnv‡h¨ PvR© K‡i e¨envi Kiv nq|

wPÎ: we`y¨r PvwjZ hš †_‡K Drcbœ Av‡jv wPÎ: †gvevBj †Uwj‡dv‡b PvR© †`Iqv n‡”Q

Bw¯, ˆe`y¨wZK Pyjv, wnUvi †_‡K Drcbœ nq Zvc kw³| G Zvc kw³ Kvco Bw¯
Ki‡Z, ivbœv Ki‡Z, Ni Mig Ki‡Z e¨envi Kiv nq| Ni VvÛv Ki‡ZI e¨envi
nq ˆe`y¨wZK hš| G‡K e‡j Gwm ev GqviKzjvi|
†bŠKv Pvjv‡Z AvRKvj †gvUi BwÄb e¨envi n‡”Q| Bwćb Drcbœ Zvc kw³ MwZ
kw³‡Z icvšÍwiZ nq| A‡b‡Ki evwo‡Z Kvco †avqvi Rb¨ i‡q‡Q Iqvwks †gwkb|
†`qvj wQ`ª Kivi Rb¨ i‡q‡Q wW«j †gwkb| Gme †gwk‡b we`y¨r kw³ hvwšK kw³‡Z

wPÎ: BwÄb PvwjZ †bŠKv, we`¨yr PvwjZ †U«b, wW«j †gwk‡b †`qvj wQ`ª Kivi `„k¨
52 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

I MwZ kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ nq|

Av‡M †h KvR¸‡jv Ki‡Z Avgiv
†ckx kw³‡K e¨envi KiZvg,
we`y¨r PvwjZ h‡ši mvnv‡h¨ †mB
KvR¸‡jv‡K Avgiv KZ mn‡R,
Kg cwikª‡g Ges Kg mg‡q
wPÎ: we`y¨‡Zi mvnv‡h¨ KvV KvUv n‡”Q
Ki‡Z cvwi|

avb gvovB: c‡e©i e¨e¯’v avb gvovB: eZ©gvb e¨e¯’v

wPÎ: †cwk kw³i cwie‡Z© we`y¨r kw³i e¨envi

we`y¨r kw³ e¨env‡ii myweav n‡jv, G kw³‡K Avgiv me‡P‡q mn‡R wbqšY Ki‡Z
cvwi Ges me‡P‡q †ewk Kv‡R jvwM‡q Rxeb gvb‡K A‡bK DbœZ Ki‡Z cvwi|
GZ¶Y †Zvgiv bvbv iKg we`y¨r PvwjZ h‡ši bvg I e¨envi Rvb‡j| Gevi †Zvgvi
evwo‡Z, GjvKvq wKsev †iwWI, †Uwjwfk‡b I cÎ cwÎKvq †Kv‡bv we`y¨rPvwjZ
h‡ši mv‡_ cwiwPZ n‡j Zvi GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki| eo‡`i Kv‡Q cÖkœ K‡iI
Av‡iv wKQy h‡ši bvg ï‡b bvI|
we`y¨r kw³
cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb 53

Gme h‡š Kx KvR Kiv nq Zv D‡j−L K‡i wb‡Pi QKwU ciY Ki:
we`y¨rPvwjZ h‡ši bvg Kx Kv‡R e¨envi Kiv nq
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
GLb †Zvgiv wbðqB eyS‡Z cviQ we`y¨r Avgv‡`i ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi gvb‡K KZUv mnR
I DbœZ K‡i‡Q| we`y¨r Av‡Q e‡jB Avgiv Kg mg‡qi g‡a¨ A‡bK KvR Aviv‡g I `ªyZ
Ki‡Z cviwQ| Avgv‡`i †Lqvj ivLv `iKvi GB cÖ‡qvRbxq hšcvwZ¸‡jv †hb Ae‡njvq
bó bv nq| ZvQvov Gme hšcvwZ mveavbZvi m‡½ e¨envi bv Ki‡j Avgv‡`i
ˆe`¨ywZK kK cvIqvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K| G‡Z wec`I n‡Z cv‡i|

wPÎ: ˆe`y¨wZK kK cvIqv GKwU †g‡q

54 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

we`y¨r kw³ msi¶Y

A‡bK mgq Avgiv AKvi‡Y N‡ii evwZ R¡vwj‡q ivwL| cvLv †Q‡o ivwL, †iwWI,
†Uwjwfkb Pvwj‡q ivwL| Kvco Bw¯ Kivi ci KL‡bv KL‡bv myBP Ad Ki‡Z fy‡j
hvB| G‡Z we`y¨r kw³i AcPq nq| ˆe`y¨wZK Bw¯, wnUvi BZ¨vw`‡Z A‡bK †ewk
we`y¨r LiP nq| GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRb Qvov Gme hš ïay w`‡bi †ejvq e¨envi Kiv
DwPZ|
†jvW †kwWs
Avgv‡`i †`‡k we`y¨r Drcv`b RbM‡Yi Pvwn`vi Zyjbvq A‡bK Kg| ZvB Drcvw`Z
we`y¨r mKj GjvKvi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx mieivn Kiv hvq bv| mKj GjvKvi Pvwn`v
Abyhvqx we`y¨r e›U‡bi Rb¨ GKwU wbw`©ó mgq ch©šÍ wewfbœ mg‡q wewfbœ GjvKvq
we`y¨r mieivn eÜ ivLv nq| Gfv‡e wbw`©ó mgq ch©šÍ wewfbœ GjvKvq we`y¨r e›a
ivLv‡K †jvW †kwWs e‡j| we`y¨‡Zi AcPq bv n‡j †jvW †kwWs Kg nq| A‡bK
mgq kni I Mªvg M‡Ä wKQy †`vKv‡b, Nievwo‡Z I KjKviLvbvq A‰eafv‡e we`¨yr
ms‡hvM †bIqv nq| A‰ea we`¨yr ms‡hv‡Mi d‡j we`y¨‡Zi NvUwZ nq| G‡Z A‡bK
mgq wec` N‡U _v‡K| we`y¨r NvUwZ †gvKvwejv Kivi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv GjvKvq
wKQy mg‡qi Rb¨ we`y¨r eÜ ivL‡Z nq| G e¨e¯’vB †jvW †kwWs| Gi d‡j
Avgv‡`i `y‡fv©M ev‡o I Avw_©K ¶wZ nq| ZvB Avgv‡`i Pvicv‡ki cwi‡e‡k
†Kv_vI †hb we`y¨‡Zi AcPq bv nq †m e¨vcv‡i mKj‡K m‡PZb _vK‡Z n‡e|
we`y¨r kw³i AcPq †iva Ki‡Z cvi‡j Avgiv A‡bK jvfevb n‡Z cvwi| we`y¨r
kw³ Rgv K‡i ivLv hvq| cÖ‡qvR‡bi mgq GB kw³ Kv‡R jvMv‡bv hvq| AZGe
we`y¨r kw³i AcPq †iva Ki‡Z cvi‡j †jvW †kwWs Gi mgm¨vI †gvKvwejv Kiv
hvq|
cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb
we`y¨r kw³ 55

Abykxjbx
K. mwVK DËiwU‡Z wUK wPý (√) `vI
1| †KvbwU Avgv‡`i Rxeb gvb‡K AwaK DbœZ K‡i‡Q ?
K) †cwk kw³ L) Zvc kw³
M) we`y¨r kw³ N) Av‡jvK kw³
2| kw³i me‡P‡q myweavRbK iƒc †KvbwU ?
K) kã L) Zvc
M) Av‡jv N) we`y¨r
3| †KvbwU‡Z we`¨y‡Zi e¨envi †bB ?
K) †gvUi Mvwo L) wiKkv
M) Kw¤cDUvi N) †gvevBj †Uwj‡dvb
4| †jvW †kwWs †Kb nq ?
K) we`y¨r †ewk _vK‡j L) we`y¨r Kg _vK‡j
M) ˆe`y¨wZK Zvi cyiv‡bv n‡j N) we`y¨‡Zi AcPq Ki‡j
L. kb¨¯’vb ciY Ki
1| we`y¨r kw³ ----------- K‡i ivLv hvq|
2| we`y¨r kw³i NvUwZ †gvKvwejvi Rb¨ ---------- Ki‡Z nq|
3| we`y¨r GK cÖKvi --------------|
4| we`y¨r kw³ †_‡K ---------, --------, ---------- BZ¨vw` cvIqv hvq|
5| KvR Kivi mvg_¨©‡K ------------- e‡j|
56 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

M. msw¶ß cÖkœ
1| kw³ Kv‡K e‡j ?
2| we`y¨r Kx ?
3| †jvW †kwWs Kx ?
N. iPbvg~jK cÖkœ
1| we`y¨r Avgv‡`i Kx Kx Kv‡R jv‡M ? Gi 10 wU e¨envi D‡j−L Ki|
2| kw³ aŸsm nq bvÑ D`vniY mn eySvI|
3| we`y¨r kw³i AcPq †iv‡ai Rb¨ Kx KiYxq eY©bv Ki|
4| †jvW †kwWs ej‡Z Kx eyS? we`y¨r kw³i AcPq †iva Ki‡Z cvi‡j Avgiv
Kxfv‡e jvfevb ne?
5| we`y¨r kw³ †h Av‡jvK kw³, kã kw³, Zvc kw³ I MwZ kw³‡Z icvšÍwiZ
nq Gi 3wU K‡i D`vniY `vI|
cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb 57

Aa¨vq Qq

Zvc kw³
†Zvgvi Mjvq nv‡Zi AvOy‡ji D‡ëv w`K jvwM‡q ¯ck© Ki| Mv Mig jvM‡Q wK?
wKQy¶Y †iv‡` _vKvi ci Avevi GKBfv‡e Mjv ¯ck© Ki| Kx g‡b n‡e? Mv wbðqB
Av‡iv Mig n‡q IV‡e, ZvB bv? GKwU cix¶v Ki| G cix¶vi Rb¨ †Zvgvi jvM‡e
3wU evwU, Mig cvwb, VvÛv cvwb Avi mvaviY cvwb| GKwU evwU‡Z Mig cvwb,
GKwU evwU‡Z mvaviY ZvcgvÎvi cvwb I GKwU evwU‡Z VvÛv cvwb wb‡q †Uwe‡ji
Dci ivL|

wPÎ: cvwb‡Z nvZ Wywe‡q ZvcgvÎv cix¶v Kiv n‡”Q

Gevi †Zvgvi euv nvZ VvÛv cvwb‡Z Ges Wvb nvZ Mig cvwb‡Z WyevI| Gfv‡e `yB
wgwbU Wywe‡q ivL| Zywg wbðqB ej‡Z cvi‡e †Kvb evwUi cvwb VvÛv Avi †Kvb
evwUi cvwb Mig| †Zvgvi euv nvZ VvÛv cvwb †_‡K IwV‡q mvaviY ZvcgvÎvi
cvwb‡Z WyevI| Gevi cvwb VvÛv g‡b n‡”Q wK? GKUy Av‡M †h cvwb‡Z euv nvZ
Wywe‡q Mig jvMj †mB cvwb‡Z Wvb nvZ Wywe‡q VvÛv Abyfe KiQ? Zvn‡j mvaviY
cvwb wK Mig bv VvÛv? GB Mig ev VvÛv jvMvi KviY Kx ej‡Z cvi?
58 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

Zywg †Zvgvi euv nvZ cÖ_‡g VvÛv cvwb‡Z Wywe‡qQ| ZLb †Zvgvi nv‡Zi Zyjbvq
VvÛv cvwbi ZvcgvÎv Kg wQj| VvÛv cvwb †Zvgvi nvZ †_‡K wKQy Zvc †kvlY K‡i
wb‡q‡Q| G‡Z nv‡Zi ZvcgvÎv wKQy K‡g †M‡Q| mvaviY cvwbi ZvcgvÎv †Zvgvi euv
nv‡Zi ZvcgvÎvi †P‡q ZvB †ewk g‡b n‡q‡Q| †mRb¨ cvwb Mig †j‡M‡Q| Avevi
Zywg †Zvgvi Wvb nvZ cÖ_‡g Mig cvwb‡Z Wywe‡qQ| G‡Z †Zvgvi nvZ Mig cvwb
†_‡K Zvc †kvlY K‡i wb‡q wKQyUv Mig n‡q‡Q| d‡j nv‡Zi ZvcgvÎv wKQyUv †e‡o
wM‡q‡Q| G Ae¯_vq Wvb nvZ mvaviY ZvcgvÎvi cvwb‡Z Wyev‡bvi ci mvaviY
cvwbi †P‡q †Zvgvi nv‡Zi ZvcgvÎv †ewk _vKvq G cvwb †Zvgvi Kv‡Q VvÛv g‡b
n‡q‡Q| Gevi eyS‡Z cvi‡j, Zvc Avgv‡`i †Kb VvÛv I Mi‡gi AbyfwZ RvMvq?
e¯y Zvc †kvlY K‡i Mig nq Avi Zvc wewKiY K‡i VvÛv nq|
Zv‡ci cÖfve
GKwU _vjv cvwb‡Z wfwR‡q †iv‡` †i‡L w`‡j wKQy¶‡Yi g‡a¨ _vjvi cvwb ïwK‡q hvq|
Zv‡c cvwb ev®c n‡q evqyi mv‡_ wg‡k hvq e‡jB Ggb nq| Z„Zxq †kªYx‡Z †Zvgiv
cvwbPµ m¤c‡K© c‡oQ| †mLv‡b †R‡bQ Zv‡c cvwb Rjxq ev‡®c cwiYZ nq|

wPÎ: Zv‡c cvwb ev®c nIqvi cix¶v

Zvc kw³cwiwPwZ : weÁvb
cwi‡ek 59

Gevi GKwU cix¶v Ki| 4wU GKB myZvi cvZjv Kvc‡oi UyKiv bvI| Gi g‡a¨
`yBwU mv`v I `yBwU Kv‡jv ev iwOb Kvco bvI| Kvco¸‡jv cvwb‡Z wfwR‡q bvI|
GKwU mv`v I GKwU Kv‡jv ev iwOb Kvco †iv‡` Ges Aci mv`v I Kv‡jv ev iwOb
Kvco `yBwU Qvqv Av‡Q Ggb ¯_v‡b †g‡j `vI| †Kvb KvcowU Av‡M ïKv‡e?
†`L‡e, †iv‡`i Zvc I evZv‡m †h Kvco¸‡jv Av‡Q †m¸‡jv Av‡M ïKv‡e| Avi †h
Kvco¸‡jv Qvqv‡Z Av‡Q †m¸‡jv c‡i ïKv‡e| †iv` I evqy cÖevn _vK‡j †fRv
Kvco ZvovZvwo ïKvq| KviY evqy cÖevn ZvovZvwo Rjxq ev®c Ab¨Î mwi‡q
†bq| G‡Z Kvc‡oi cvwb ZvovZvwo ev®c n‡q evZv‡m wgk‡Z cv‡i|

wPÎ: †fRv iwOb Kvco I mv`v Kvco ïKv‡Z ZvcgvÎv I evqycÖev‡ni cÖfve
†iv‡` †h `yBwU Kvco †g‡j †`Iqv Av‡Q Zvi g‡a¨ †Kvb KvcowU Av‡M ïKvq? Qvqvq †h
`yBwU Kvco †g‡j †`Iqv Av‡Q Zvi g‡a¨ †Kvb KvcowU Av‡M ïKvq? G meB Zywg j¶
Ki‡e| †iv‡` I Qvqvq †g‡j †`Iqv Kv‡jv ev iwOb Kvco mv`v Kvc‡oi PvB‡Z Av‡M
60 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

ïwK‡q †M‡Q| Gi KviY wK Rvb? Kv‡jv ev iwOb Kvc‡oi Zvc †kvl‡Yi ¶gZv
mv`v Kvc‡oi †P‡q †ewk| ZvB †iv‡` I Qvqvq †g‡j †`Iqv iwOb Kvco mv`v
Kvc‡oi †P‡q ZvovZvwo ïKvq| Z‡e Kv‡jv Kvc‡oi Zvc †kvlY ¶gZv Ab¨vb¨
mKj iwOb Kvc‡oi †P‡q †ewk|
Avgv‡`i †`‡k Mªxl¥Kvj, el©vKvj I kxZKv‡j w`‡bi ZvcgvÎvi cv_©K¨ _v‡K|
Mªxl¥Kv‡j ZvcgvÎv †ewk _v‡K| evZv‡mi Av`ª©ZvI †ewk _v‡K| ÔAv`©ªZvÕ n‡jv evZv‡m
RjKYv ev Rjxqev‡®ci cwigvY| kxZKv‡j w`‡bi ZvcgvÎv Kg _v‡K evZv‡mi
Av`©ªZvI Kg _v‡K| e„wói w`‡b evZv‡mi Av`©ªZv †ewk _v‡K| A_v©r evZv‡m Rjxq
ev‡®ci cwigvY †ewk _v‡K| ZvcI †Zgb _v‡K bv| Avi evZvm bv _vK‡j Rjxq ev®c
Ab¨Î m‡i †h‡ZI †ek mgq jv‡M| ZvB e„wói w`‡b †fRv Kvco ZvovZvwo ïKvq bv|
Kvco †avqvi Rb¨ †iv` I evZvmhy³ AvenvIqv †ewk Dc‡hvMx| kxZKv‡j el©vKv‡ji
Zyjbvq Kvco ZvovZvwo ïKvq| KviY ZLb evZv‡mi Av`©ªZv Kg _vKvq Zvc I evqy
cªevn ZvovZvwo Kvc‡oi cvwb ev‡®c cwiYZ K‡i|
wb‡Pi ZvwjKv †`L| G‡Z Kx Kx Z_¨ †`Iqv Av‡Q? G Z_¨¸‡jv †`‡L wPšÍv K‡i
ej‡Zv †Kv_vq †fRv Kvco ZvovZvwo ïKv‡e? †Kb ZvovZvwo ïKv‡e?
¯’v‡bi bvg w`‡bi ZvcgvÎv evZv‡mi Av`©ªZv
w`bvRcyi 18° †m 30%
XvKv 33° †m 75%
ivRkvnx 40° †m 30%
kªxg½j 21° †m 35%
kxZKv‡j ZvcgvÎv Kg I Mªxl¥Kv‡j ZvcgvÎv †ewk _v‡K| Zywg kxZKv‡j Kx i‡Oi
Kvco ci‡j †Zvgvi kixi ZyjbvgjKfv‡e Mig _vK‡e? †Kb GgbwU n‡e? Mªx‡l¥i
Mi‡g ‡iv` _vK‡j Mvp iwOb Kvco co‡j Zywg Avivg cv‡e wK? Dc‡ii cix¶v †_‡K
Zywg wPšÍv K‡i G cª‡kœi Reve `vI| DËi Ly‡R bv †c‡j †Zvgvi eÜy‡`i mv‡_
wKsev eo‡`i mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡i Gi KviY ejvi †Póv Ki| Zywg †R‡bQ Mvp iwOb
Zvc kw³cwiwPwZ : weÁvb
cwi‡ek 61

Kvc‡oi Zvc †kvlb ¶gZv mv`v ev nvjKv i‡Oi Kvc‡oi †P‡q †ewk| †mRb¨B Avgiv
kx‡Z Mvp iwOb Kvco I Mi‡g nvjKv iO ev mv`v i‡Oi Kvco c‡i Avivg cvB|
c`v‡_©i Ici Zv‡ci cÖfve
Zywg wK Rvb Zv‡c mKj c`v‡_©i cÖmviY N‡U? GKwU GK wgUvi ‰`‡N¨©i Zvi bvI|
Gi `yB cªvšÍ Qwei g‡Zv `yBwU ÷¨vÛ-Gi mv‡_ Uvb Uvb K‡i jvMvI|

wPÎ: Zv‡c Zv‡ii ˆ`N¨© e„w× †c‡q‡Q

Gevi 3/4wU †gvgevwZ w`‡q wk¶‡Ki ev eo‡`i mvg‡b ZviwU DËß Ki| cÖwZwU
†gvgevwZi wb‡P KvMR A_ev wcwiP `vI| K‡qK wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨ †`L‡e ZviwU
mvgvb¨ Sz‡j †M‡Q| G †_‡K Kx eyS‡j? Zv‡c KwVb c`v‡_©i cÖmviY N‡U| VvÛv
n‡j Avevi ZviwU Zvi c‡e©i Ae¯_vq wd‡i Avm‡e|
Zv‡c KwVb c`v‡_©i cÖmviY hZ AíB †nvK, GwU AZ¨šÍ ¸iyZ¡cY©| cÖmvi‡Yi
e¨vcviwU Ae‡njv Ki‡j bvbv iK‡gi `yNU© bv n‡Z cv‡i| †Zvgv‡`i g‡a¨ A‡b‡KB
62 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

†ij jvBb †`‡LQ| †jvnvi cvZ w`‡q †ij jvBb ˆZwi Kiv nq| †ijMvwo G cv‡Zi
Dci w`‡q P‡j| G cvZ ewm‡q †ij jvBb ˆZwi Kivi mgq cv‡Zi gvSLv‡b wKQyUv
duvKv ivLv nq| Gi KviY wK ej‡Z cvi? †ijMvwo Pjvi mgq PvKvi mv‡_ †jvnvi
cv‡Zi Nl©‡Y Zvc Drcbœ nq| G Qvov cÖPÊ Mi‡gI ZvcgvÎv †e‡o hvq| ZLb †ij
jvB‡bi cvZI †e‡o hvq| A_v©r cÖmviY N‡U| hw` †ij jvB‡bi cv‡Zi gv‡S G
duvK ivLv bv n‡Zv, Z‡e cvZ †eu‡K †hZ| G‡Z `yN©Ubv NU‡Z cvi‡Zv|

wPÎ: †ij jvB‡bi gv‡S duvK ivLv n‡q‡Q|

†Zvgiv Miyi Mvwoi PvKv j¶ Ki‡j †`L‡e Gi Kv‡Vi PvKvi Pviw`‡K †jvnvi †eo
jvMv‡bv _v‡K| †jvnvi †e‡oi cwiwa PvKvi cwiwai †P‡q mvgvb¨ †QvU n‡Z nq|
Zvn‡j Kxfv‡e †eowU PvKvq jvMv‡bv n‡e? n¨vu, GLv‡b KwVb c`v‡_©i cÖmviY‡K
Kv‡R jvMv‡bv nq| PvKvq jvMvevi Av‡M †eowU Lye DËß Kiv nq| G‡Z †e‡oi
ˆ`N¨© †e‡o hvq| d‡j mn‡RB †eowU PvKvq jvMv‡bv hvq| VvÛv nevi ci msKzwPZ
n‡q †eowU k³fv‡e PvKvi m‡½ Gu‡U hvq|
Zvc kw³cwiwPwZ : weÁvb
cwi‡ek 63

wPÎ: Miyi Mvwoi PvKvq †jvnvi †eo jvMv‡bv n‡”Q

KwVb c`v‡_©i cÖmviY‡K Zywg Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡RI jvMv‡Z cvi| Kv‡Pi †evZ‡ji wQwc
ev Kj‡gi gyLwU k³fv‡e Gu‡U †M‡j mn‡R Lyj‡Z Pvq bv| wKšÍy †evZ‡ji gyLwU ev
KjgwU hw` mvgvb¨ Mig Ki Zvn‡j †`L‡e wQwcwU ev gyLwU †ek ZvovZvwo Ly‡j
†M‡Q| Zv‡c wewfbœ c`v‡_©i cÖmviY mgvbfv‡e N‡U bv| †hgbÑ †jvnvi Zyjbvq
A¨vjywgwbqv‡gi cªmviY wظY nq| Avevi Kv‡Pi cÖmviY Ab¨vb¨ KwVb c`v‡_©i
cÖmvi‡Yi †P‡q A‡bK Kg nq| †m Kvi‡YB Kv‡Pi †evZ‡ji gyL A¨vjywgwbqv‡gi
n‡j Zvc †c‡j Kv‡Pi Zyjbvq A¨vjywgwbqv‡gi gyLwU ZvovZvwo e„w× cvq| G‡Z
†evZ‡ji gyLwU wXjv n‡q hvq|
Zv‡c Zij c`v‡_©i AvqZb e„w× cvq
†Zvgiv R¡i gvcvi _v‡gv©wgUvi †`‡LQ| _v‡g©vwgUv‡ii wfZi miy KvPb‡ji GK cÖv‡šÍ
GKwU ev‡j¦i wfZi _v‡K PKP‡K Zij c`v_©| Gi bvg cvi`| R¡i n‡j gy‡L
wRnŸvi wb‡P _v‡gv©wgUvi jvMv‡j kix‡ii Zv‡c _v‡gv©©wgUv‡ii cvi` bj †e‡q Dc‡ii
w`‡K I‡V Av‡m| A_©vr Zv‡c Zij c`v‡_©i cÖmviY nq| _v‡g©vwgUv‡ii Mv‡q `vM
64 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

KvUv _v‡K| `vM †_‡K R¡‡ii ZvcgvÎv KZ eySv hvq| Avgv‡`i kix‡ii mvaviY
ZvcgvÎv 340 †mjwmqvm wKsev 98.40 dv‡ibnvBU|

wPÎ: _v‡g©vwgUv‡i cvi‡`i cÖmviY †`‡L R¡i gvcvi `„k¨

R¡i n‡j kix‡ii ZvcgvÎv Gi †P‡qI †ewk nq| Zywg _v‡g©vwgUv‡ii evj¦wU GK nv‡Zi
eM‡ji wb‡P wKsev wRnŸvi wb‡P †i‡L †Zvgvi ZvcgvÎv KZ Zv †g‡c †`L‡Z cvi| Zv‡c
†h Zij c`v‡_©i cÖmviY nq, GwU Zywg wb‡R cix¶v K‡i Rvb‡Z cvi‡j|
Gevi GKwU cix¶v Ki| cix¶vwU Kivi mgq wk¶K ev eo‡`i mvg‡b Ki‡e|
Kv‡Pi †evZ‡j wKQy cvwb wb‡q Zv‡Z K‡qK †duvUv iwOb Kvwj `vI| Gev‡i
†evZjwU cvwb w`‡q
cy‡ivcywi cY© Ki| Gevi
GKwU wQ`ªhy³ KK©
†evZjwUi gy‡L jvwM‡q
`vI| wP‡Îi g‡Zv K‡K©i
wfZi w`‡q miy KvPbj
cÖ‡ek KivI| miy bj
†e‡q LvwbKUv cvwb
wPÎ: †evZ‡ji b‡j Av‡iv Dc‡i cvwb I‡V‡Q
Zvc kw³cwiwPwZ : weÁvb
cwi‡ek 65

wKQyUv Dc‡i I‡V Avm‡Z cv‡i| cvwb †h ch©šÍ I‡V G‡m‡Q †mLv‡b b‡ji Mv‡q
GKwU `vM `vI| miy b‡ji Pvicv‡k K‡K©i wQ`ª¸‡jv †gvg Mwj‡q eÜ K‡i `vI|
Gev‡i w¯cwiU j¨v¤c ev †gvgevwZ w`‡q cvwb‡Z Zvc `vI| Z‡e Lye mveav‡b|
Zv‡ci Kvi‡Y cvwbi AvqZb e„w× cv‡e| wKQy¶Y ci †`L‡e miy b‡ji wfZi w`‡q
cvwb AviI Dci I‡V G‡m‡Q| Gevi w¯cwiU j¨v¤c ev †gvgevwZ mwi‡q bvI| cvwb
VvÛv n‡j †`L‡e, miy b‡ji cvwb wb‡P †b‡g †M‡Q|
Zv‡c evqexq c`v‡_©i cÖmviY
GKwU †ejy‡b duy w`‡q evZvm cÖ‡ek KivI| Gevi GKwU Mvgjvq mvgvb¨ Mig cvwb
wb‡q Zv‡Z †ejybwU ivL| Kx †`L‡j? †ejybwU cÖmvwiZ n‡q AviI eo n‡q †Mj|
Gici GKwU Mvgjvq VvÛv cvwb bvI| Gevi dzjv‡bv †ejybwU VvÛv cvwb‡Z Wywe‡q
`vI| Kx †`L‡Z †c‡j? †ejybwU †QvU n‡q †M‡Q| †Kb Ggb nj? †ejy‡bi wfZ‡ii
evZvm Zv‡c cÖmvwiZ nq Avi VvÛv †c‡j evZvm msKywPZ nq|

wPÎ: mvgvb¨ Mig cvwb fwZ© Mvgjvq dzjv‡bv †ejyb I VvÛv cvwb fwZ© Mvgjvq Pycmv‡bv †ejyb
66 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

Av‡iKwU cix¶v Ki| GKwU †evZ‡ji gy‡L mvgvb¨ dyjv‡bv GKwU †ejyb jvwM‡q
`vI| †evZjwU cvwb‡Z Wywe‡q Mig Ki| wKsev †iv‡` †i‡L `vI| wKQy¶Y ci
†`L‡e †ejybwU AviI dy‡j I‡V‡Q| A_©vr Zv‡c †ejy‡bi wfZ‡ii evZv‡mi AvqZb
e„w× †c‡q‡Q|
Zvc kw³i e¨envi
Zvc kw³ e¨envi K‡i Avgiv Kvco Bw¯ Kwi| KjKviLvbvq Zvc kw³ wewfbœ
wRwbm ïKv‡Z e¨envi Kiv nq| evRv‡i ¸uov gkjv cvIqv hvq| gwiP, njy`, a‡b
BZ¨vw` KviLvbvq ay‡q ïwK‡q ¸uov Kiv nq| wnUvi e¨envi K‡i Avgiv A‡b‡K
kx‡Zi w`‡b †ewk VvÛvq Ni Mig ivwL, Mi‡gi w`‡b Gwm e¨envi K‡i Ni VvÛv
ivwL| Zv‡c ïwK‡q gvQ, gvsm msi¶Y Kiv hvq|
Zv‡c e¯yi cÖmviY‡K Avgiv bvbv Kv‡R jvMvB| †hgbÑ †ij jvB‡bi Dci
†ijMvwo wbivc‡` Pvjv‡Z, _v‡gv©wgUvi w`‡q kix‡ii ZvcgvÎv gvc‡Z, ev®c BwÄb,
†c‡Uªvj BwÄb BZ¨vw` Pvjv‡Z KwVb Zij I evqexq c`v‡_©i cÖmviY‡K Kv‡R
jvMv‡bv nq| Ggb A‡bK D`vniY Zywg AbymÜvb K‡i †R‡b bvI| Gi GKwU
ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki I QKwU ciY Ki|
µwgK bs c`v‡_©i cÖmviY Zvc kw³i e¨envi KwVb/Zij/evqexq
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Zvc kw³cwiwPwZ : weÁvb
cwi‡ek 67

Abykxjbx

K. mwVK DËiwU‡Z wUK wPý (√) `vI

1| eid‡K ev‡®c iƒcvšÍwiZ Ki‡Z †KvbwU cÖ‡qvRb ?
K) evZvm L) Pvc
M) Zvc N) Av‡jv
2| e¯y‡K cÖmvwiZ Ki‡Z †KvbwUi cª‡qvRb ?
K) Zvc L) Av‡jv
M) we`y¨r N) kã
3| Zvc †c‡j †KvbwUi AvqZb me‡P‡q †ewk ev‡o ?
K) cvwb L) †jvnv
M) KvP N) evZvm
L. kb¨¯’vb c~iY Ki
1| Zv‡c c`v‡_©i -------------- ev‡o|
2| evZvm _vK‡j wfRv Kvco ------------- ïKvq|
3| evZv‡mi Av`ª©Zv †ewk _vK‡j wfRv Kvco ------------- ïKvq|
4| Zvc GK cÖKvi -----------------|
5| iwOb Kvc‡oi Zvc †kvlY ¶gZv mv`v Kvc‡oi †P‡q --------------|
M. msw¶ß cÖkœ
1| †ij jvB‡bi gv‡S dvuK ivLv nq †Kb ?
2| Kv‡Vi PvKvi †eo jvMv‡Z †eowU Mig Kiv nq †Kb ?
68 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

3| wPšÍv K‡i ej
K) iv¯vq LywuUi ˆe`y¨wZK Zvi Mi‡g I kx‡Z Kx Ae¯’vq †`Lv hv‡e Ges
†Kb ?
L) KvP ev c−vw÷‡Ki †evZ‡j cvwb cY© K‡i wWc wd«‡R ivL‡j †evZjwUi Kx
cwieZ©b n‡Z cv‡i Ges †Kb ?
4| iwOb Kvco mv`v Kvc‡oi Zyjbvq ZvovZvwo ïKvq †Kb ?
5| Mi‡gi w`‡b Kx i‡Oi Kvco co‡j Avivg cvIqv hvq Ges †Kb ?
6| kx‡Zi w`‡b I Mi‡gi w`‡b el©vKv‡ji Zyjbvq ZvovZvwo Kvco ïKvq †Kb ?
N. eY©bvgjK cÖkœ
1| Zv‡c KwVb c`v‡_©i cÖmvi‡Yi cix¶vwU Kxfv‡e Ki‡e? Qwe mn eY©bv Ki|
2| Zv‡c Zij c`v‡_©i cÖmvi‡Yi cix¶v eY©bv Ki|
3| Zv‡c evqexq c`v‡_©i cÖmvi‡Yi eY©bv `vI|
4| Zv‡c KwVb, Zij I evqexq c`v‡_©i cÖmviY‡K Kx Kx Kv‡R e¨envi Kiv
hvq ? cÖ‡Z¨KwUi 2wU K‡i D`vniY `vI|
cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb 69

Aa¨vq mvZ

kã
†fvi †ejvq cvwLi Wv‡K Avgv‡`i Nyg fv‡O| gmwR` †_‡K †f‡m Av‡m AvRv‡bi aŸwb|
Zvici †_‡K Avgiv kywb bvbv iK‡gi kã| †iwWI, †Uwjwfk‡b †`k we‡`‡ki Lei,
MvbevRbv, gv‡qi WvK, ivbœvN‡ii Uys Uvs kã, wi·v, Mvwo, U«v‡Ki kã, eRªcv‡Zi kã,
iv‡Zi AÜKv‡i wkqvj KzKy‡ii WvK, cvZvi gg©i aŸwb, wS wS †cvKvi kã, Nwoi wUK
wUK kã Av‡iv KZ iKg kã| Avgiv †hb evm KiwQ GK kãgq RM‡Z|
†Zvgv‡K hw` †KD cÖkœ K‡i kã Kx? Zywg ej‡e Avgiv hv ïwb ZvB kã| kã
Avgv‡`i Kv‡b kªe‡Yi AbyfwZ RvMvq| †Zvgv‡`i g‡b wK KL‡bv cÖkœ Rv‡M †h,
kã Kxfv‡e Drcbœ nq, Avi Kxfv‡e Zv Avgv‡`i Kv‡b G‡m †cuŠQvq? Gi Rb¨
K‡qKwU †QvU †QvU cix¶v Ki| †Zvgiv Mjvi Dc‡i nvjKvfv‡e AvOyj †QvuqvI|
Gevi ¸Y¸Y K‡i Mvb Ki ev Av-Av-Av-Av kã Ki| Kx Abyfe KiQ? Mjvi wfZi
wKQy Kuvc‡Q wK?

wPÎ: Mjvq nvZ w`‡q K¤cb wPÎ: †fvKvj KW©

cix¶v Kiv n‡”Q
Avgv‡`i Mjvi wfZi _v‡K †fvKvj KW© (¯^i i¾y)|
†fvKvj K‡W©i K¤c‡b kã Drcbœ nq|
Gevi GKwU ivevi e¨vÛ bvI| wP‡Îi g‡Zv Gi
GK cÖvšÍ `vuZ w`‡q †P‡c Ab¨ cÖvšÍ AvOyj w`‡q
†U‡b j¤^v Ki| Gevi Aci nv‡Zi AvOyj w`‡q
wPÎ: K¤c‡b kã m„wó
70 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

ivevi e¨vÛ mvgvb¨ Wvb cv‡k †U‡b †Q‡o `vI| GwU wK Kuvc‡Q? Zywg kãI ïb‡Z
cv‡e| e¨vÛ msMx‡Z †Zvgiv †KD †KD W«vg evRv‡Z †`‡LQ| G WªvgwU GKwU ev`¨hš
wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv nq| G ai‡bi GKwU
W«v‡gi Dci GKwU KK© ev †kvjv †i‡L
KvwV w`‡q W«vgwU †Rv‡i AvNvZ Ki‡j
†`Lv hv‡e †kvjv ev KK©wU Kuvc‡Q ev
jvdv‡”Q| hZ †Rv‡i W«v‡g AvNvZ Kiv
hv‡e ZZ †Rv‡i KK©wU ev †kvjvwU
jvdv‡e| K¤cbiZ W«vgwUi Dci n‡Z wPÎ: W«vg evRv‡bv n‡”Q| †kvjv ev KK© jvwd‡q
†kvjv ev KK©wU gvwU‡ZI c‡o †h‡Z cv‡i| Dc‡i I‡V gwU‡Z c‡o hv‡”Q

Av‡iKwU cix¶v Zywg Ki‡Z cvi| †Zvgvi wk¶KI GwU K‡i †`Lv‡Z cvi‡eb| Gi
Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb n‡e GKwU wUDwbs dK© ev myi kjvKv| myi kjvKvi GK cÖvšÍ Øviv
†Uwe‡j ev gvwU‡Z AvNvZ Ki|
Gici myi kjvKvwU †Zvgvi Kv‡bi
mvg‡b Avb| Zywg wK wKQy ïb‡Z
cv”Q? Gevi nv‡Zi Zvjy w`‡q myi
kjvKvi Dc‡ii `yBwU cÖvšÍ †P‡c
ai, Kx n‡jv? kã †_‡g †M‡Q? GLb
GKwU gM ev evwU‡Z cvwb bvI| myi
kjvKvwUi Dc‡ii GK cÖvšÍ Øviv
Avevi †Uwe‡j ev gvwU‡Z AvNvZ
Ki| AvNvZ Kivi ciciB myi wPÎ: wUDwbs dK© Øviv kã K¤c‡bi cix¶v
kjvKvi Dc‡ii `yBwU cÖvšÍ wP‡Îi g‡Zv cvwb‡Z WyevI| Kx †`L‡j? cvwb Pviw`‡K
Qwo‡q wQ‡U coj †Kb? MxUvi, Zejv, †Xvj, W«vg, GKZviv, †`vZviv, †mZvi hvB
nv‡Zi Kv‡Q cvI evwR‡q j¶ Ki‡j †`L‡e, G¸‡jv Kuvc‡Q| ÷xj, Kvmuvi M−vm I
cwi‡ek
kã cwiwPwZ : weÁvb 71

evwU‡Z cvwb wb‡q PvgP w`‡q AvNvZ

Ki‡jI †`L‡e cvwb Kuvc‡Q|
me©‡¶‡ÎB K¤cbiZ e¯ywU nvZ
w`‡q ¯ck© Ki‡j K¤cb †_‡g hv‡e|
Zywg GZ¶Y †h cix¶v¸‡jv Ki‡j
†mLvb †_‡K GKwU welq m¤c‡K©
†Zvgiv wbwðZ †h, †Kv‡bv e¯yi wPÎ: wUDwbs dK© Øviv †Uwe‡j AvNvZ K‡i cvwb‡Z
†Wvev‡bvi d‡j cvwb Qwo‡q co‡Q
K¤cb †_‡K kã Drcbœ nq|
e¯yi K¤cb evZv‡m fvmgvb Kbv¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †XD‡qi m„wó K‡i| G †XD Pviw`‡K
Qwo‡q c‡o| G †XD Avgv‡`i Kv‡bi c`©vq G‡m jv‡M| Kv‡bi c`©v †ek cvZjv|
evZv‡m K¤c‡bi †XD Kv‡bi c`v©q
jvM‡j GwU Kuv‡c| G K¤cb c`v©i
wcQ‡b big nv‡o jv‡M| †mwUI Kuv‡c|
Gfv‡e K¤cb Kv‡bi wfZi w`‡q
Avgv‡`i gw¯‡®‹ cÖ‡ek K‡i| ZLb
kãwU Avgiv ïb‡Z cvB| Gevi GKwU wPÎ: e¯yi K¤cb Kv‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡Q
j¤^v I wPKb euv‡ki KvwV bvI| evZv‡m
Lye †Rv‡i I ZvovZvwo KvwVwU Gw`K Iw`K bvovI| †Kv‡bv kã ïb‡Z cv”Q? †Kb
kã n‡”Q? GLb j¤^vq AviI †QvU I
wPKb GKwU KvwV wb‡q GKBfv‡e evZv‡m
bvovI| Gici GKwU j¤^v I Av‡iKUy
†gvUv GKwU KvwV wb‡q bvovI| wZbwU
KvwVi k‡ãi †Kv‡bv cv_©K¨ eyS‡Z
†c‡iQ wK? KvwVwU KZ j¤^v I KZ wPKb
wPÎ: KvwV bvwo‡q kã ïb‡Q GKwU †Q‡j I †g‡q ev †gvUv Zvi Dci k‡ãi myi wbf©i K‡i|
72 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

Av‡iKwU cix¶v Ki| GKB AvK…wZi K‡qKwU evwU ev M−vm bvI| M−vm¸‡jvi
cÖ_gwU‡Z mvgvb¨ cvwb, Gi c‡iiwU‡Z Av‡iKUy †ewk cvwb, Zvi c‡iiwU‡Z Av‡iv
†ewk cvwb bvI| Gfv‡e †k‡li
M−vmwU‡Z cÖvq fwZ© K‡i cvwb
bvI| GKwU KvwV w`‡q M−vm ev
evwU¸‡jv‡Z ci ci AvNvZ
Ki| k‡ãi †Kv‡bv cv_©K¨
eyS‡Z †c‡iQ wK? Zvn‡j eyS‡j
cvwbi cwigv‡Yi mv‡_ mv‡_
k‡ãi my‡ii cwieZ©b nq| wPÎ: M−v‡mi cvwb‡Z kã myi ˆZwi Kiv n‡”Q

ev`¨h‡š k‡ãi e¨envi

†Zvgiv bvbviKg ev`¨hš †`‡LQ| †hgbÑ evu‡ki evuwk, mvbvB, wcqv‡bv, GKZviv,
†`vZviv, †mZvi, Zejv, †Xvj, e¨v‡Ûi W«vg BZ¨vw`| duy w`‡q euvwk evRv‡bv nq| euvwk‡Z
wQ`ª _v‡K| euvwk‡Z duy w`‡q
evuwki wQ`ª AvOyj w`‡q e›a K‡i
ev Ly‡j evuwki myi‡K wPKb ev
†gvUv Kiv hvq| GKZviv,
†`vZviv, †mZvi, wcqv‡bv
G¸‡jv‡Z Zv‡ii mvnv‡h¨
K¤cb m„wó Kiv nq| Zvi hZ
j¤^v nq, kã ZZ fvix ev Mfxi wPÎ: bvbv iK‡gi ev`¨hš

nq| Avevi Zvi hZ †QvU nq kã ZZ Zx¶ I wPKb nq| Zejv, †Xvj I W«v‡gi c`v©q
nv‡Zi AvOyj, Zvjy ev KvwV w`‡q K¤cb m„wó Kiv nq| Zejv, †Xvj I W«vg G¸‡jv †_‡K
Drcbœ kã †gvUv| euvwki myi wPKb| †Zvgiv bvi‡Kj cvZv, ZvjcvZv BZ¨vw` w`‡q euvwk
kã cwiwPwZ : weÁvb
cwi‡ek 73

evbv‡Z †`‡LQ? wk¶K ev eo‡`i mvnvh¨ wb‡q G¸‡jv w`‡q evuwk evwb‡q euvRvI|
evuwk‡Z duy w`‡j AvU‡K cov evZv‡m †h K¤cb nq Zv †_‡K kã ˆZwi nq| euvwk‡Z
k‡ãi myi KZ wPKb ev †gvUv n‡e Zv wbf©i Ki‡e wfZ‡i KZUv evZvm AvU‡K
c‡o‡Q Ges Kxfv‡e wbqšY Kiv n‡”Q|
kã GK cÖKvi kw³
†Zvgiv ¯‹y‡j N›Uv evRv‡Z †`‡LQ| N›Uv evRv‡Z `ßwi nvZywo w`‡q N›Uvq AvNvZ
K‡i| N›Uvq ej cÖ‡qv‡Mi Kvi‡Y K¤c‡bi m„wó nq| K¤c‡bi d‡j k‡ãi m„wó
nq| myZivs kã GK cÖKvi kw³| A‡bK mgq iv¯v w`‡q UªvK Pj‡j evwo Ni
Kuvc‡Z _v‡K| Rvbvjvi Kv‡P SbSb kã nq| G mg‡q Zywg †Kv‡bv †mZy ev eªx‡Ri
Dci _vK‡j †mwUI Kuvc‡e| Zvn‡j †Zvgiv eyS‡Z cvi‡j K¤cb GK ai‡bi
kw³| kã‡K e¨envi K‡i bvbv iKg KvR Kiv nq| G kw³i e‡j ev`¨hš ev‡R|
KL‡bv KL‡bv †RU‡c−b I Kvgv‡bi cÖPÊ k‡ã Rvbvjvi KvP †f‡O hvq| Kv‡bi
c`©v †d‡U i³I †ei n‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z A‡b‡K ewai n‡q hvq|
k‡ãi e¨envi
kã kw³i e¨envi gvby‡li Rxeb‡K K‡i‡Q DbœZ| kã K‡i Avgiv K_v ewj| GKRb
Av‡iKR‡bi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM Kwi| `‡i Kv‡iv mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z n‡j Avgiv
†Uwj‡dv‡b K_v ewj| ev`¨h‡š kã ˆZwi K‡i myi m„wó Kwi| †iwWI †Uwj‡dv‡bi
gva¨‡g `i`ivšÍ †_‡K Lei,
MvbevRbv, bvUK kywb|
†Uwjwfk‡b Qwe †`Lvi mv‡_
mv‡_ kã ïwb| kã‡K Avgiv
Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡RI e¨envi Kwi|
Nyg †_‡K mgq g‡Zv DV‡Z
n‡j Nwo‡Z Gjvg© w`‡q
ivwL| evB‡i †_‡K G‡m
evwoi `iRv †Lvjvi Rb¨
Kwjs †ej wUwc| †ivRvi wPÎ: k‡ãi e¨envi
74 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

mgq mvB‡ib euvwR‡q Nyg fvOv‡bv nq| GQvov cywj‡ki Mvwo, `gKj evwnbxi Mvwo
I A¨v¤^y‡j‡›m kã ms‡K‡Zi e¨envi Kiv nq| wi·vi †ej, Mvwoi nb© Avgv‡`i‡K
mZK© ms‡KZ †`q| wbivcËvi Rb¨I i‡q‡Q kã ms‡K‡Zi e¨envi| †hgb, A‡bK
evwo‡Z †Pvi Avm‡j ev Mvwo Pywi †_‡K i¶v †c‡Z evwo‡Z I Mvwo‡Z kã ms‡KZ
†eu‡R IVvi e¨e¯’v _v‡K| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv evwo‡Z ivbœv N‡i AwZwi³ †auvqv n‡j ev
Av¸b jvM‡j mv‡_ mv‡_ Gjvg© †eu‡R I‡V| ZLb `iRv Rvbvjv Ly‡j w`‡j eo
ai‡bi wec` †_‡K i¶v cvIqv hvq| wPwKrmv †¶‡Î †ivM wbY©‡q i‡q‡Q k‡ãi
e¨envi| ey‡K, wc‡V †÷‡_v‡¯‹vc jvwM‡q †ivMxi †ivM wbY©‡q, gvby‡li i³Pvc
gvcvi h‡š Ges AvjUªvm‡bvMÖvd h‡šÎ kã kw³i e¨envi i‡q‡Q|

wPÎ: wPwKrmv †¶‡Î kã kw³i e¨envi

hviv AÜ I ewai Zviv GK ai‡bi kã hš e¨envi K‡i c_ P‡j| kã kw³‡K e¨envi
K‡i cvwbi wb‡P mve‡gwib ev Wy‡evRvnvR I eid L‡Êi Dcw¯’wZ †Ui cvIqv hvq|
cÖwZaŸwb
mvg‡b cvnvo-ce©Z ev DuPy †`Iqvj Av‡Q Ggb ¯_v‡b wKsev eo duvKv N‡i †Rv‡i
wPrKvi K‡i j¶ Ki| †Zvgvi wPrKv‡ii kã cybivq †kvbv hvq wK? G‡K Kx e‡j?
eo †Kv‡bv duvKv gv‡V ev b`xi Zx‡i `uvwo‡q †Rv‡i kã Ki‡j k‡ãi †XD mvg‡b
kã cwiwPwZ : weÁvb
cwi‡ek 75

†Kv‡bv DuPy †`Iqvj ev ce©‡Z evav †c‡j Avevi wcQb w`‡K wd‡i Av‡m| GKUy c‡i
†mB kã cybivq †kvbv hvq| G‡K cÖwZaŸwb e‡j|

wPÎ: cÖwZaŸwb
K‚qvi Dci ev b`xi GKwU cvo †_‡K `uvwo‡q kã Ki‡jI †Zvgvi Kv‡b G kã
cÖwZaŸwb n‡q wd‡i Avm‡e|
k‡ãi cÖwZaŸwb‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q, Kqvi MfxiZv, mgy‡`ªi MfxiZv BZ¨vw` wbY©q
Kiv nq| wPwKrmv †¶‡Î AvjUªvm‡bvMÖvwd‡Z k‡ãi cÖwZaŸwb‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q bvbv
†ivM wbY©q Kiv nq| cvwbi wb‡P wewfbœ e¯yi Dcw¯’wZ wbY©q Ki‡ZI cÖwZaŸwb‡K
Kv‡R jvMv‡bv nq|
kã `~lY
kã Qvov Avgiv Pj‡Z cvwi bv| wKšÍy D”P ZxeªZv I Zx¶Zv m¤cbœ k‡ãi Kvi‡Y
Avgiv A¯^w¯ I wei³ †eva Kwi| D”P Zxeª I Zx¶Zv m¤cbœ kã Avgv‡`i kix‡i
¶wZKi cªfve m„wó K‡i| G cÖfve‡K kã `~lY e‡j| iv¯vq hvbevn‡bi kã,
76 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

n‡b©i kã, KjKviLvbvi kã, kniv‡j eo eo `vjvb ˆZwii kã, D”P k‡ã
gvBK evRv‡bv, cUKvi kã BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y cwi‡e‡k kã `lY nq| †Zvgiv j¶
K‡iQ D”P k‡ã gvBK euvRv‡j covïbv ev Ab¨vb¨ KvR Ki‡Z Amyweav nq| kã
`l‡Y gv_v e¨_v, gvbwmK D‡ËRbv, kªeY kw³ K‡g hvIqv, D”P i³Pvc, n„`h‡ši
†ivM e„w× BZ¨vw` n‡Z cv‡i| e¨vÛ msMx‡Zi D”P gvÎvi k‡ã A‡bK mgq nvU©
A¨vUvK n‡Z cv‡i| hviv memg‡qi Rb¨ D”P k‡ãi ¯’v‡b KvR K‡i Zviv G
k‡ãi Rb¨ ax‡i ax‡i ewai n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i|
AZGe cwi‡e‡k †hb kã `lY bv nq †mw`‡K mK‡ji `„wó ivL‡Z n‡e| †Kv_vq
KZ gvÎvi kã e¨envi Kiv hvq cÖ‡Z¨K †`‡k Zvi GKwU wbqg Av‡Q| G wbqg
mK‡ji Rvbv DwPZ Ges cvjb Kiv DwPZ| nvmcvZvj, wk¶v cÖwZôvb I AvevwmK
GjvKvq D”P k‡ã nb© evRv‡bv, gvBK evRv‡bv BZ¨vw` ¸iyZi Aciva|

Abykxjbx
K. mwVK DËiwU‡Z wUK wPý (√) `vI
1| kã m„wói Rb¨ †KvbwU cÖ‡qvRb ?
K) K¤cb L) j¤^v Zvi
M) euvwk N) myi
2| †Kvb ev`¨h‡š¿ c`v©i mvnv‡h¨ K¤cb m„wó Kiv nq ?
K) MxUvi L) †mZvi
M) euvwk N) Zejv
3| †Kvb ev`¨h‡š Zv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ K¤cb m„wó Kiv nq ?
K) euvwk L) Zejv
M) †Xvj N) wcqv‡bv
kã cwiwPwZ : weÁvb
cwi‡ek 77

4| †KvbwU‡Z cÖwZaŸwbi e¨envi Av‡Q ?

K) A¨v¤^y‡j‡›m L) †Uwjwfk‡b
M) Nwo‡Z N) AvjU«vm‡bvMªvwd‡Z
L. kb¨¯’vb ciY Ki
1| kã GK ai‡bi ---------------- |
2| kã m„wói Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb e¯yi -------------- |
3| kã bvbv iK‡gi ------------ †`q|
4| Zejv, †Xvj, W«vg BZ¨vw`‡Z -------------- mvnv‡h¨ kã m„wó Kiv nq|
5| GKZvivi myi KZ wPKb ev Zx¶ n‡e Zv wbf©i K‡i ZviwU KZ ------
Gi Ici|
M. msw¶ß cÖkœ
1| kã Kx ?
2| kã ˆZwii Rb¨ Kx Kiv cÖ‡qvRb ?
3| ev`¨h‡š †Kvb kw³‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q kã Drcbœ Kiv nq ?
4| Avgiv K_v ej‡j Mjv Kuv‡c †Kb ?
N. iPbvgjK cÖkœ
1| kã †Kb kw³ ? `yBwU D`vniY w`‡q eySvI|
2| wPwKrmv †¶‡Î kã kw³i e¨envi eY©bv Ki|
3| kã kw³i e¨envi eY©bv Ki|
4| cÖwZaŸwb Kv‡K e‡j ?
5| kã `lY ej‡Z Kx eyS ? kã `l‡Yi ¶wZKi w`K¸‡jvi eY©bv `vI|
6| Kxfv‡e kã `lY nq Av‡jvPbv Ki ?
7| Rj Zi½ Drcbœ K‡i kã m„wói GKwU cix¶v eY©bv Ki|
8| ev`¨h‡š kã m„wói †KŠkj eywS‡q †jL|
78 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

Aa¨vq AvU

¯^v¯’¨ wewa
my¯’ _vKvi bvg ¯^v¯’¨| ¯^v¯_¨ ej‡Z kixi I gb my¯’ _vKv‡K eySvq| ¯^v¯’¨B
m¤c`| G m¤c` i¶vi Rb¨ wbqwgZ cywóKi I mylg Lv`¨ MªnY, Nyg I wekªv‡gi
cÖ‡qvRb| R‡b¥i ci †_‡K GKRb wkï ïay `ya †L‡q eo n‡Z _v‡K| cuvP †_‡K
Qq gvm eqm n‡j wkïwU‡K big wLPywo, wWg, mywR, Kjv, d‡ji im †L‡Z †`Iqv
nq| `yB †_‡K wZb eQi eq‡mi wkkyiv gvQ, gvsm, wWg, fvZ, iywU, djgj,
kvKmewR meB †L‡Z cv‡i| †Zvgiv j¶ Ki, eqm evovi mv‡_ mv‡_ wkïiv bvbv
iKg Lvevi †L‡Z †k‡L| G †_‡K †Zvgiv wbðqB eyS‡Z cviQ †h †`‡ni MVb I
e„w×i Rb¨ wewfbœ cÖKvi Lv`¨ `iKvi|
¯^v¯_¨ i¶vq Lv‡`¨i ¸iyZ¡
hv †L‡j Avgv‡`i †`‡ni ¶qciY, e„w×mvab I †ivM cÖwZ‡iva Kivi ¶gZv R‡›g
Zv‡K Lv`¨ e‡j| c„w_ex‡Z eû iKg Lv`¨ Av‡Q| me iK‡gi Lv‡`¨i ¸YvMyY GK
iKg bq| kK©iv, Avwgl I †øn nj cÖavb wZbwU Lv`¨ Dcv`vb| G Qvov Avgiv cvwb,
wfUvwgb I LwbR jeY MªnY Kwi| kK©iv, Avwgl I †øn RvZxq Lv`¨ cwicv‡Ki Rb¨
Dr‡mPK (GbRvBg) cÖ‡qvRb| Avgv‡`i †`n‡K my¯’ I mej ivLvi Rb¨ Gme
Dcv`vb cÖ‡qvRb| me iK‡gi Wvj, eiewU, mx‡gi exwP, gUi ïuwU, gvQ, ïUuwK,
wWg, `ya, KwjRv, gvsm BZ¨vw` Avwgl RvZxq Lv`¨| kix‡ii MVb, ¶q ciY I

cvDi“w“ U
fvZ gvQ

wWg gvsm
Avjy f~Æv
wPÎ: K‡qKwU kK©iv RvZxq Lv`¨ wPÎ: K‡qKwU Avwgl RvZxq Lv`¨
¯^v¯’¨ wewa
cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb 79

e„w×i Rb¨ Avwg‡li cÖ‡qvRb|

Pvj, Mg, fÆv, ¸o, wPwb, Avjy, mywR, gywo, wPov, ˆL BZ¨vw` kK©iv RvZxq Lv`¨| G
ai‡bi Lvevi †_‡K Avgiv KvR Kivi ¶gZv I kw³ cvB|
gvLb, wN, bvbv iKg †Zj Pwe© RvZxq Lv`¨| †Zj I Pwe© †`‡ni kw³ †hvMvq|
¯^v¯’¨ i¶vq wfUvwgb
kvKmewR I djg‡j cÖPyi cwigv‡Y wfUvwgb I LwbR jeY _v‡K| wfUvwgb
kixi‡K i¶v K‡i| Gi Afv‡e bvbv iKg †ivM nq| GgbwK g„Zy¨I n‡Z cv‡i|
wfUvwgb A‡bK cÖKv‡ii nq| Avgv‡`i A‡b‡Ki kix‡i wfUvwg‡bi NvUwZ †`Lv
hvq| G NvUwZi Kvi‡Y Avgiv bvbv iKg †iv‡M AvµvšÍ nB| †Zvgiv wbðqB ÔivZ
KvbvÕ †iv‡Mi bvg ï‡bQ| wfUvwgb ÔGÕ Gi Afv‡e G †ivM nq| Gi Afve ciY bv
n‡j gvbyl A›a n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| mKj cÖKvi iwOb djgj I meyR kvKmewR †L‡j
G wfUvwg‡bi Afve ciY n‡q hvq| gjv I †Xjv gv‡Q cÖPyi wfUvwgb ÔGÕ _v‡K|
wfUvwgb ÔweÕ Gi Afv‡e wRnŸv I †Vuv‡U Nv nq| †XuwKQvUv Pvj, Wvj, KwjRv,
kvKmewR BZ¨vw`‡Z wfUvwgb ÔweÕ cvIqv hvq| AvgjwK, †cqviv, U‡g‡Uv,
†jey, Avgov, Rv¤^yiv BZ¨vw`‡Z cÖPyi wfUvwgb ÔwmÕ cvIqv hvq| wfUvwgb ÔwmÕ †ivM

Kjv wgwó Kzgov

†cqviv Kvgiv½v KPzkvK

wPÎ: K‡qKwU †øn RvZxq Lv`¨ wPÎ: K‡qKwU wfUvwgbhy³ Lv`¨

cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv evovq| Gi Afv‡e ¯‹vwf© bvgK †ivM nq| G †iv‡M `uv‡Zi gvwo
dz‡j hvq, Nv nq I i³ c‡o| wfUvwgb ÔwmÕ Z¡K fvj iv‡L, mw`©, Kvwk Kg nq|
80 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

wfUvwgb ÔwmÕ Zv‡c bó n‡q hvq| ZvB wfUvwgb ÔwmÕ hy³ dj¸‡jv KuvPv LvIqvi
Af¨vm Ki‡Z n‡e| ZvQvov GB wfUvwgb kix‡i Rgv _v‡K bv| ZvB cÖ‡Z¨K w`b
wfUvwgb ÔwmÕ hy³ Lvevi LvIqv cÖ‡qvRb|
¯^v¯_¨ i¶vq LwbR jeY
LwbR jeY Avgv‡`i kix‡ii Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ cÖ‡qvRbxq Dcv`vb| G jeY Avgv‡`i
kix‡ii nvo I `uvZ gReyZ K‡i| Avgiv †h gvQ, gvsm, kvKmewR LvB G‡Z bvbv
iKg LwbR jeY _v‡K| LwbR je‡Yi Afv‡e bvbv iKg †ivM nq| †hgbÑ †jvnv
RvZxq LwbR je‡Yi Afv‡e i³kb¨Zv †`Lv hvq| wkï I gwnjviv G †iv‡M †ewk
†fv‡M| ¸o, wWg, jvjkvK, KPykvK, KwjRv, KuvPv Kjv BZ¨vw`‡Z cÖPyi cwigv‡Y
†jvnv RvZxq jeY _v‡K| †Zvgiv A‡b‡KB MjMÊ ev N¨vM †iv‡Mi bvg ï‡bQ|
Lvev‡i Av‡qvwW‡bi Afv‡e G †ivM nq| mgy‡`ªi gv‡Q Av‡qvwWb Av‡Q| Av‡qvwWb
hy³ jeY †L‡j Av‡qvwW‡bi Afve ciY nq| K¨vjwmqv‡gi Afv‡e nvo wVKgZ
MwVZ nq bv, †QvU ev”Pv‡`i cv euvKv n‡q hvq| `uvZ bó n‡q hvq| `ya, ˆ`,
KPykvK, †QvU gvQ, jvjkvK BZ¨vw`‡Z K¨vjwmqvg Av‡Q|

wPÎ: A›aKv‡i GKwU ivZKvbv †Q‡j wPÎ: GKRb MjMÊ †ivMx

cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb
¯^v¯’¨ wewa 81

¯^v¯’¨ i¶vq cvwbi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv

Ab¨vb¨ Lv`¨ Dcv`v‡bi g‡Zv cvwbI Avgv‡`i kix‡ii Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ cÖ‡qvRbxq
Dcv`vb| cvwb Qvov Avgiv †h Lvevi LvB Zv cwicvK n‡e bv| GK K_vq ejv hvq cvwb
Qvov Rxe evuP‡Z cv‡i bv| Avgv‡`i kix‡i cvwbi cwigvY cÖvq 70 †_‡K 80 fvM|
Avgiv cÖwZw`b †h me Lvevi LvB Zv‡Z cÖPiy cwigv‡Y cvwb _v‡K| ZeyI Avgv‡`i
cÖwZw`b cvuP †_‡K Qq M−vm cvwb cvb Kiv DwPZ|
¯^v¯_¨Ki Af¨vm
†Zvgiv Av‡MB †R‡bQ cwi®‹vi cwi”QbœZv kix‡ii hZ †bIqvi GKwU Ask| cwi”QbœZv
ej‡Z wbqwgZ †Mvmj Kiv, `uvZ gvRv, †PvL cwi®‹vi Kiv, nvZ gyL †avqv, bL KvUv, Pyj
AvPov‡bv, cwi®‹vi Kvco civ, LvIqvi Av‡M I gjZ¨v‡Mi c‡i nvZ mvevb w`‡q †avqv
BZ¨vw` me wKQy‡K eySvq| GQvovI Avgv‡`i kixi‡K my¯’ I mej ivL‡Z n‡j wKQy
¯^v¯’¨Ki Af¨vm M‡o †Zvjv DwPZ| †hgbÑ cwikªg, cwiwgZ wekªvg, Nyg, wbqwgZ Lv`¨
MªnY, †Ljvayjv, e¨vqvg BZ¨vw`|
¯^v¯’¨ i¶vq cwikª‡gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
†Zvgiv mevB Rvb †Kb Avgiv Lvevi LvB? Lv`¨ Kx? Lv`¨ Avgv‡`i kix‡ii Rb¨ †Kb
`iKvi? kixi my¯’ I mej ivLvi Rb¨ ïay cywóKi Lv`¨ †ewk K‡i †L‡jB †h ¯^v¯’¨
fv‡jv n‡e Zv wKšÍz wVK bq| mvivw`b ï‡q e‡m Nywg‡q KvUv‡j kixi my¯’ _vK‡e bv|
†Kv‡bv KvR Ki‡Z fv‡jv jvM‡e bv, Avj‡mwg jvM‡e| Av‡¯ Av‡¯ KvR Kivi ¶gZv
K‡g hv‡e| kixi APj n‡q
hv‡e| bvbv iKg †ivM †`Lv
†`‡e| ZvB kixi‡K mPj I
Kg©¶g ivLvi Rb¨ kvixwiK
cwikªg Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| kixi
my¯’ I mej ivLvi Rb¨
wkï‡`i wbqwgZ †Ljvayjv
Kiv DwPZ| G‡Z kix‡ii
RoZv _v‡K bv| ¶zav ev‡o I
wPÎ: †Ljvayjv Kiv I e¨vqvg Kivi `„k¨
82 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

LvIqvq iywP nq| gb fv‡jv _v‡K| covïbv I Kv‡R AvMªn ev‡o| †Zvgiv j¶
K‡i †`L‡e †hw`b †Zvgvi ¯‹yj eÜ _v‡K, Zywg †Ljvayjv Kiwb, mvivw`b N‡i ï‡q
e‡m KvwU‡qQ †mw`b †Zvgvi kixi †Kgb jv‡M|
cÖ‡Z¨K w`b nvjKv wKQy e¨vqvg Ki‡j ¯^v¯’¨ fv‡jv _v‡K| †hgbÑ †Rv‡i nuvUv,
†`uŠov‡bv, muvZvi KvUv BZ¨vw`| cwikªg Ki‡j †`‡n i³ PjvPj fv‡jv nq| kixi
m‡ZR _v‡K|
my¯^v‡¯_¨i Rb¨ Nyg I wekªvg
mvivw`b Avgiv KvRKg©, †Ljvayjv I covïbv BZ¨vw` KvR Kwi| G‡Z kixi K¬všÍ
n‡q c‡o| ZLb †Kv‡bv KvR Ki‡Z B”Qv K‡i bv| wekªvg wb‡Z B”Qv K‡i| †Kb
Ggb jv‡M? cwikª‡gi d‡j kix‡ii A‡bK kw³ ¶q nq, ZvB Ggb N‡U| wekªvg
nj Kv‡Ri gv‡S weiwZ †bIqv| Nyg Øviv G ¶q ciY Kiv m¤¢e nq| wekªv‡gi
ga¨ w`‡q Avgiv cybivq KvR Kivi kw³ wd‡i cvB| wekªvg Qvov Avgv‡`i kixi
GKUvbv cwikªg Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| wekªvg kixi I gb `yBB m‡ZR iv‡L| GKRb
†jv‡Ki cªwZw`b Qq †_‡K AvU NÈv Nyg cÖ‡qvRb| my›`i I Avivg`vqK Nyg kixi
I g‡bi K¬vwšÍ `i K‡i| cÖ‡Z¨K w`b mgqg‡Zv Nygv‡bv I IVvi Af¨vm Ki‡j
¯^v¯’¨ fv‡jv _v‡K| Lye mKv‡j Nyg †_‡K IVv fv‡jv| mKv‡ji evZvm me‡P‡q
¯^v¯’¨Ki|
¯^v¯’¨B mKj my‡Li gj| ¯^v¯’¨nxb †jvK c„w_ex‡Z me‡P‡q `ytLx nq| ¯ev¯’¨
ej‡Z Avgiv wb‡ivM kixi, my¯’ gb eywS| evj¨Kvj †_‡K cwi®‹vi cwi”QbœZvi
mv‡_ my›`i Af¨vm M‡o Zyj‡j mviv Rxeb kixi I gb my¯’ _vK‡e|
†Zvgiv Av‡MB †R‡bQ my¯’ _vKvi Rb¨ kix‡ii hZ †bIqv I cwi”Qbœ _vKv LyeB
Riywi| Av‡iv †R‡bQ Avgv‡`i my¯’ _vKvi Rb¨ cwi‡ek‡K cwi”Qbœ ivL‡Z n‡e|
†Zvgiv wb‡RivI †Zvgv‡`i Nievwo, iv¯vNvU, evwoi Avw½bv ev DVvb, Avk-cvk
¯^v¯’¨ wewa
cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb 83

Kxfv‡e †bvsiv nq Zv j¶ Ki| Gevi wb‡Pi QKwU c~iY K‡i †Zvgvi wk¶K‡K
†`LvI|
cwi‡ek Kxfv‡e †bvsiv nq
1|
2|
3|
4|
5|

QKwU c~iY Ki‡Z †Zvgiv A‡b‡KB AveR©bv I gjg‡Îi K_v D‡j−L K‡iQ| G
†_‡K eySv hvq †h, cwi‡ek cwi”Qbœ ivL‡Z n‡j AveR©bv gvwU‡Z MZ© K‡i cyu‡Z
ivL‡Z n‡e Ges wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b gjg~Î Z¨vM Ki‡Z n‡e|
AveR©bv Kx?
Avgv‡`i †d‡j †`Iqv, †bvsiv I AcÖ‡qvRbxq wRwbmB AveR©bv| AveR©bv wZb
cÖKvi, h_vÑ (1) ﮋ AveR©bv (2) Av`ª© AveR©bv (3) Zij AveR©bv|
(1) ﮋ AveR©bv: ayjvevwj, Mv‡Qi cvZv, fvOv BU, cv_i, †Qov Kvc‡oi Ask,
fvOv wUb, BZ¨vw`|
(2) Av`ª© AveR©bv: ZwiZiKvwi, mewR I djg‡ji †Lvmv, evwm cuPv Lvevi, gv‡Qi
AvuBk , giv cïcvwL BZ¨vw`|
(3) Zij AveR©bv: †Mvmj Lvbvi cvwb, ZwiZiKvwi, gvQ-gvsm †avqv cvwb
BZ¨vw`|
AveR©bv Avgv‡`i Kx AcKvi K‡i
¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z Dcv‡q Ave©Rbv I gjgÎ `i Kiv bv n‡j bvbv Amyweavi m„wó nq|
†hgbÑ
(1) AveR©bv I gjgÎ cu‡P `yM©›a Qovq| G‡Z evZvm `wlZ nq|
84 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

(2) cuPv AveR©bvq gvwQ wWg cv‡o, esk e„w× K‡i I †ivM Qovq|
(3) K‚qv, cyKzi, bjK‡ci Kv‡Q †bvsiv cvwb ev AveR©bv †dj‡j G¸‡jv cu‡P hvq| G
cuPv Ask e„wói cvwb‡Z ay‡q K‚qv I cyKy‡ii cvwb‡Z †g‡k| G‡Z cvwb `wlZ nq|
(4) AveR©bv I gjgÎ KxU cZ‡½i evm¯_vb| †Lvjv AveR©bvq gvwQ, †Zjv‡cvKv
I Bu`y‡ii Dc`ªe ev‡o|
AveR©bv `ixKi‡Yi e¨e¯’v
kni I Mªv‡gi AveR©bv `ixKiY e¨e¯’v GK iKg bq| kn‡ii cÖ‡Z¨K evwoi
gqjv AveR©bv iv¯vi cv‡ki Wv÷we‡b
†dj‡Z n‡e| gqjv Wv÷we‡bi Av‡kcv‡k
†djv DwPZ bq| kni GjvKvq cÖwZw`b
wgDwbwmc¨vwjwUi Mvwo G‡m Wv÷web †_‡K
AveR©bv msMªn K‡i wb‡q hvq| G AveR©bv
†Wvev ev wbPy Rwg fivU Kivi Kv‡R e¨envi
Kiv nq| e„wói cvwb, †MvmjLvbvi cvwb I
Ab¨vb¨ Zij AveR©bv wb®‹vkb Kivi Rb¨
e¨e¯’v bv _vK‡j cvwb R‡g emZ evwo wPÎ: GKwU †Q‡j Wv÷we‡b gqjv †dj‡Q
m¨uvZ‡m‡Z I A¯^v¯’¨Ki n‡q I‡V|
evm¯’vb ¯^v¯’¨Ki ivL‡Z n‡j b`©gv ev
†W«‡bi e¨e¯_v _vK‡Z n‡e| kn‡i Zij
AveR©bv wb®‹vk‡bi Rb¨ cvKv b`©gv ev
†W«‡bi e¨e¯’v _v‡K| A‡b‡K †W«‡b Zij
AveR©bv QvovI Ab¨ AveR©bv †d‡j †`q| wKšÍy
Zv Kiv DwPZ bq| Mªv‡g cvKv b`©gvi e¨e¯’v
†bB| †mLv‡b wb‡R‡`i‡K KuvPv b`©gv ˆZwi
K‡i wb‡Z nq| b`©gvi cvwb †hb †Kv_vI

wPÎ: GKwU †g‡q M‡Z© gqjv †dj‡Q

cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb
¯^v¯’¨ wewa 85

AvU‡K bv hvq †mw`‡K j¶ ivL‡Z n‡e| b`©gvi cvwb K…wl Rwg‡Z cÖevwnZ Kiv
hvq| KvuPv b`©gv cÖ‡Z¨K w`b cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e|
gqjv AveR©bv †h Avgv‡`i †Kej AcKvi K‡i Zv bq| Mªvgv‡j G gqjv AveR©bv
cuwP‡q mvi ˆZwi Kiv nq| AveR©bv cuPv mvi ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨ emZevwo †_‡K AvU
†_‡K `k wgUvi `‡i GKUv eo MZ© Kiv nq| G M‡Z© bvbv iKg AveR©bv †hgbÑ
nuvm gyiwMi weôv, †Mvei, Siv cvZv, evwoi Ab¨vb¨ AveR©bv †djv nq| AveR©bv
w`‡q MZ©wU f‡i †M‡j gvwU Pvcv †`Iqv nq| wKQyw`‡bi g‡a¨ G AveR©bv cu‡P DËg
mvi cÖ¯yZ nq| GQvov AveR©bv cywo‡q, gvwU Pvcv w`‡q, MZ©, †Wvev BZ¨vw` fivU
Kivi Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv nq|
Abykxjbx
K. mwVK DËiwU‡Z wUK wPý (√) `vI
1| †KvbwU kK©iv RvZxq Lv`¨ ?
K) gvQ L) gvsm
M) wWg N) fÆv
2| Avgv‡`i †`n MVb I e„w×i Rb¨ †Kvb RvZxq Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvRb ?
K) kK©iv L) Avwgl
M) †øn I Pwe© N) LwYR jeY
3| kix‡ii K¬vwšÍ `i Ki‡Z †KvbwU mvnvh¨ K‡i ?
K) Lv`¨ L) Mí Kiv
M) †Ljvayjv N) Nyg
4| wfUvwgb ÔGÕ Gi Afv‡e †Kvb †ivMwU n‡Z cv‡i ?
K) ¯‹vwf© L) †Vuv‡U Nv
M) i³kb¨Zv N) ivZKvbv
86 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

5| †KvbwU AveR©bv bq ?
K) ayjvevwj L) gv‡Qi AuvBk
M) e„wói cvwb N) mewRi †Lvmv
6| kn‡i †Kv_vq AveR©bv †djv nq ?
K) M‡Z© L) †W«‡b
M) Wv÷we‡b N) †Wvevq
7| AveR©bv cu‡P Kx Drcbœ nq ?
K) gvwU L) ˆRe mvi
M) gv‡Qi Lvevi N) meyR mvi
L. kb¨¯’vb ciY Ki
1| kixi my¯_ _vK‡j .................. fv‡jv _v‡K|
2| Avgv‡`i kix‡ii †Kv‡bv KvRB .............. Qvov P‡j bv|
3| wfUvwgb ÕwmÕ Gi Afv‡e ................. †ivM nq|
4| wfUvwgb .............. Gi Afv‡e gy‡L Nv nq|
5| mgy‡`ªi gv‡Q cÖPyi ............ _v‡K|
6| ...............I .................... KxU cZ‡½i evm¯’vb|
7| AveR©bv I gjg~Î .................... `yM©Ü Qovq|
8| ................. cÖwZw`b cwi®‹vi Kiv DwPZ|
9| kn‡ii ................. wb®‹vk‡bi Rb¨ cvKv b`©gvi e¨e¯’v _v‡K|
10| AveR©bv cu‡P DËg ................ cÖ¯yZ nq|
cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb
¯^v¯’¨ wewa 87

M. evg cv‡ki k‡ãi m‡½ Wvb cv‡ki k‡ãi wgj Ki

evg Wvb
1| ayjvevwj, kyKbv cvZv cuPv AveR©bvq
2| djg‡ji †Lvmv, gv‡Qi AvBuk Av`ª© AveR©bv
3| gvQ †avqvi cvwb, †MvmjLvbvi cvwb ïKbv AveR©bv
4| cuPv AveR©bv `yM©Ü Qovq
5| gvwQ wWg cv‡o Zij AveR©bv
N. msw¶ß cÖkœ
1| AveR©bv ej‡Z Kx eyS ?
2| AveR©bv Kq cÖKvi I Kx Kx ?
3| AveR©bv ‡_‡K Avgiv Kxfv‡e DcK…Z n‡Z cvwi ?
4| b`©gv ev †W«‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Kx ?
5| ¯^v¯’¨i¶vq Lv‡`¨i ¸iyZ¡ Kx ?
6| LwbR je‡Yi Afv‡e Kx Kx †ivM nq ?
O. iPbvgjK cÖkœ
1| ¯^v¯’¨ i¶vq Lv‡`¨i MyiyZ¡ eY©bv Ki|
2| ¯^v¯_¨ i¶vq wfUvwg‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v Ki|
3| LwbR jeY Avgv‡`i †`‡ni Rb¨ †Kb cÖ‡qvRb? eywS‡q †jL| 3 ai‡bi
LwbR je‡Yi D`vniY `vI|
4| my¯^v‡_¨i Rb¨ Nyg I wekªv‡gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Av‡jvPbv Ki|
5| evm¯’vb cwi®‹vi cwi”Qbœ ivLvi Rb¨ Kx Kx e¨e¯’v †bIqv nq|
6| AveR©bv †_‡K Kxfv‡e ˆRe mvi cÖ¯yZ Kiv nq †jL|
7| ¯^v¯’¨Ki Af¨vm M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡j †Zvgvi Kx Kx wbqg †g‡b Pjv DwPZ
e‡j g‡b Ki|
88 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

Aa¨vq bq

†ivM we¯v‡i KxUcZ½

gkv, gvwQ, wcucov, †ikg †cvKv, †gŠgvwQ, †Zjv‡cvKv BZ¨vw` KxUcZ½| †ikg
†cvKvi ¸wU †_‡K Avgiv †ikg cvB| †gŠgvwQi PvK †_‡K Avgiv gay msMªn Kwi|
G¸‡jv DcKvix KxUcZ½| gkv, gvwQ, †Zjv‡cvKv BZ¨vw` KxUcZ½ †ivM Qovq|
G¸‡jv ¶wZKi KxUcZ½| A¯ev¯’¨Ki †bvsiv cwi‡e‡k ¶wZKi KxUcZ½¸‡jv
R›g †bq| cwi®‹vi cwi”Qbœ cwi‡e‡k G KxUcZ½¸‡jv R›gv‡Z cv‡i bv| G‡mv
Avgiv ¶wZKi KxUcZ‡½i evm¯’vb I R›g¯’vb m¤c‡K© †R‡b †bB| G‡Z
†cvKv¸‡jvi esk e„w× †iva Kiv mnR n‡e|
gkv
gkv GKwU AwZ cwiwPZ ¶wZKi cZ½| evsjv‡`‡k Rjvfwg, †Wvev BZ¨vw` †ewk
nIqvq gkvi DrcvZ †ewk| iv‡Zi †ejvq Kv‡bi Kv‡Q †fuv †fuv kã Zvi Dcw¯’wZ
eywS‡q †`q| gkv ïo dzwU‡q Avgv‡`i kixi †_‡K i³ ky‡l wb‡Z cv‡i| G‡K
Avgiv gkvi Kvgo ewj| Avgv‡`i †`‡k cÖavbZ wZb cÖKvi gkv †`Lv hvq| h_vÑ
1) A¨v‡bvwdwjm 2) wKD‡j· 3) GwWm|
cyiyl A¨v‡bvwdwjm gkv g¨v‡jwiqv †ivMRxevYy enb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Giv gvby‡li
i³I ky‡l wb‡Z cv‡i bv| Giv cvZv I djg‡ji im †L‡q †eu‡P _v‡K| ¯x
A¨v‡bvwdwjm gkv g¨v‡jwiqv RxevYy enb K‡i| RxevYy enbKvix ¯x A¨v‡bvwdwjm
gkvi Kvg‡oi d‡j g¨v‡jwiqv RxevYy gvby‡li kix‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i Ges eske„w×
Ki‡Z _v‡K| RxevYyi msL¨v e„w× †c‡j g¨v‡jwiqv R¡‡ii j¶Y cÖKvk cvq| G
j¶Y¸‡jv n‡jv †ivMxi
Ñ kixi †Ku‡c †Ku‡c kxZ †j‡M cÖPÊ R¡i nq
Ñ gv_v I mg¯ kix‡i e¨v_v nq
Ñ †Q‡o †Q‡o R¡i Av‡m
Ñ cuvP Qq N›Uv ci Nvg w`‡q Avcbv Avcwb R¡i Qv‡o|
wPÎ: A¨v‡bvwdwjm gkv
cwi‡ek cwiwPwZKxUcZ½
†ivM we¯—v‡i : weÁvb 89

wKD‡j· gkv †Mv` †iv‡Mi RxevYy Qovq| †Mv` †ivM n‡j kix‡ii wewfbœ Ask dz‡j
hvq Z‡e we‡kl K‡i cv †ewk dz‡j| wKQyw`b Av‡MI Avgv‡`i †`‡k †W½y R¡‡ii
cÖ‡Kvc wQj bv| eZ©gv‡b Avgv‡`i †`‡k †W½y R¡‡ii cÖ‡Kvc e„„w× †c‡q‡Q| ¯x
RvZxq GwWm gkv †W½y †iv‡Mi evnK| GwWm gkvi †`‡n mv`v i‡Oi †duvUv _v‡K|
j¶ Ki‡j G gkv †Pbv hvq| †W½y R¡i `yB ai‡bi| mvaviY Ges †n‡gv‡iwRK
†W½y| mvaviY †W½yi †P‡q †n‡gv‡iwRK †W½y †ewk gvivZ¥K| †W½y R¡i n‡j
kix‡ii ZvcgvÎv †e‡o hvq| †PvL, wRnŸv, gvwo I kix‡ii wewfbœ As‡k i³¶iY
nq| G †ivM n‡j i‡³i AbyPwµKv Kg‡Z _v‡K| i‡³i AbyPwµKv †ewk K‡g †M‡j
Aek¨B Wv³v‡ii civgk© Abyhvqx wPwKrmvi e¨e¯’v wb‡Z n‡e|

wPÎ: GwWm gkv wPÎ: †W½y R¡‡i AvµvšÍ †ivMx

gkvi evm¯’vb
†Zvgiv Av‡MB †R‡bQ gkv †h me †ivM Qovq Zv †_‡K evuPvi Rb¨ Gi R›g¯’vb
m¤c©‡K Rvb‡Z n‡e| †Zvgiv †Zvgv‡`i wbKUZg cwi‡e‡k gkv †Kv_vq R‡›g j¶
Ki| †Kvb FZy‡Z gkvi cÖ‡Kvc ev‡o? †Kvb FZy‡Z gkvi Dc`ªe Kg nq? N‡ii
†KvYvq, †SvcSvo, AÜKvi ¯’vb gkvi evm¯_vb| gkv e× cvwb‡Z wWg cv‡o|
†d‡j †`Iqv fvOv nuvwo, Kjwm, †evZj, Ue, bvi‡K‡ji †Lvj BZ¨vw`‡Z K‡qK w`b
a‡i cvwb Rgv _vK‡j †mLv‡b mKj cÖKv‡ii gkv wWg cv‡o Z‡e †m cvwb cwi®‹vi
n‡j Zv‡Z GwWm gkv wWg cv‡o| wWg †_‡K ev”Pv †dv‡U| GKUy †Lqvj Ki‡j G
e× cvwb‡Z gkvi ev”Pv¸‡jv‡K muvZvi †K‡U †eov‡Z †`Lv hvq| †Zvgiv wPb‡Z bv
90 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

cvi‡j wk¶K ev eo Ab¨ Kv‡iv mvnvh¨ bvI|

Gevi †Zvgiv SiYv, b`x, cwi®‹vi cyKz‡ii cvwb j¶ Ki| G‡Z gkvi ev”Pv †`L‡Z
cv”Q wK? Gi KviY Kx? †Zvgiv Rvb gkv e× I †bvsiv cvwb‡Z wWg cv‡o| †h
cvwb‡Z †mªvZ Av‡Q I cwi®‹vi G cvwb‡Z gkv wWg cv‡o bv|
gkvi we¯vi †iva
†h †Kv‡bv cÖvYxi esk we¯vi †iva Ki‡Z n‡j Gi Rb¥¯’vb bó Ki‡Z n‡e| ZvB
cÖ_‡gB †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e evwoi Av‡kcv‡k †Kv_vI †hb cvwb R‡g bv _v‡K| hw`
Ggb nq †h †bvsiv e× cvwb‡Z gkvi ev”Pv R›g wb‡q‡Q| Z‡e †mLv‡b †K‡ivwmb
ev KxUbvkK Ilya wQwU‡q w`‡Z n‡e| wKšÍy mveavb! †Zvgiv †QvUiv KL‡bv G
KvRwU Ki‡e bv| AwZ mveav†b eoivB G KvRwU Ki‡eb| bvi‡K‡ji †Qveov,
fvOv nvuwo, Kjwm, †evZj ev dz‡ji U‡e cvwb Rg‡Z †`‡e bv| G¸‡jv memgq bó
K‡i †dj‡e A_ev Dcyo K‡i ivL‡e| evwoi bvjv ev †W«b cwi®‹vi ivL‡Z n‡e|
w`‡bi †ejvq gkv †SvcSv‡o Avkªq †bq| ZvB evwoi Avkcv‡ki †SvcSvo I
ebR½j †K‡U †dj‡Z n‡e| gkvi Kvgo †_‡K i¶v cvIqvi Rb¨ gkvwi UvwO‡q
Nygv‡bvi Af¨vm Ki‡Z n‡e|

wPÎ: GKRb gkvwi Qvov Nygv‡”Q I GKRb gkvwi UvwO‡q Nygv‡”Q

†ivM we¯—v‡i
cwi‡ek cwiwPwZKxUcZ½
: weÁvb 91

gvwQ
¶wZKi KxU cZ‡½i g‡a¨ gvwQ Ab¨Zg| Mªxl¥Kv‡j †bvsiv cwi‡e‡k cuPv, evwm
Lvevi, gqjv AveR©bv, cvKv djg‡ji Dci gvwQ fbfb Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq| cÖwZ
eQi Avgv‡`i †`‡ki nvRvi nvRvi †jvK Wvqwiqv, Avgvkq, K‡jiv BZ¨vw` †c‡Ui
Amy‡L gviv hvq| Gme †iv‡Mi evnK nj gvwQ| gvwQ Zvi Wvbv I cv‡qi mvnv‡h¨
†ivMRxevYy enb K‡i| gvwQ Avgv‡`i eo kÎy| gvwQ h²v I UvBd‡qW †iv‡Mi
RxevYyI enb K‡i| w`‡bi †ejvq gvwQi DrcvZ †ewk †`Lv hvq| gvwQ mvaviYZ
gvby‡li gj, ewg, cïi weôv, cuPv, Mjv †bvsiv wRwbm Lvq| Lvevi LvIqvi mgq
Giv Nb Nb ewg I gjZ¨vM K‡i|
gvwQi evm¯’vb
†Zvgiv †R‡bQ gvwQ bvbv †iv‡Mi evnK| AviI †R‡bQ gvwQ cuPv AveR©bv, cuPv Mjv
RxeRšÍyi †`n, †Mve‡ii ¯yc BZ¨vw`i Dci evm K‡i Ges †mLv‡bB wWg cv‡o|
wWg †_‡K ev”Pv dy‡U ILv‡bB eo nq| ev”Pv gvwQi Wvbv I cv _v‡K bv| ev”Pv
gvwQ Kx‡Ui g‡Zv bovPov K‡i| Giv †Lvj†ki g‡a¨ Ave× _v‡K| cwiYZ n‡j
gvwQi Wvbv I cv MRvq| Giv ZLb Do‡Z cv‡i|
wb‡Pi QKwU‡Z gkv I gvwQi g‡a¨i cv_©K¨¸‡jv †jL I wk¶K‡K †`LvI|
gkv gvwQ
1|
2|
3|
4|
gvwQi esk e„w× †iva
gvwQi R›g¯’vb aŸsm Ki‡Z cvi‡j Gi esk e„w× †iva Kiv m¤¢e| Avi G KvRUv
Ki‡Z n‡j Ni evwo cwi®‹vi cwi”Qbœ ivL‡Z n‡e| †Lvjv ¯_v‡b cuPv evwm Lvevi,
92 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

gqjv AveR©bv, gjg~Î BZ¨vw` †djv hv‡e bv| kn‡i G¸‡jv Wv÷we‡b †dj‡Z
n‡e| Mªvgv‡j evwo †_‡K `~‡i eo MZ© K‡i Zv‡Z gqjv AveR©bv †d‡j gvwU Pvcv
w`‡Z n‡e| Zvn‡j G¸‡jv cu‡P `yM›a© Qov‡e bv| evqyI `wlZ n‡e bv| ZvQvov
gvwQ Zvi eskwe¯v‡ii Rb¨ wWg cvovi RvqMv cv‡e bv| †h me ¯’v‡b gvwQ wWg
cv‡o †mLv‡b gv‡S gv‡S wdbvBj ev KxUbvkK wQwU‡q w`‡Z n‡e|
G †Zv †M‡jv gvwQi evm¯’vb I eskwe¯vi †iv‡ai Dcvq| Gevi G‡mv Avgiv †R‡b
†bB Kx Kx wbqg †g‡b Pj‡j gvwQi Dc`ªe I Zv‡`i Øviv Qov‡bv †ivM †_‡K evuP‡Z
cvwi|
− wb‡R‡`i Ni evwo ev evwoi Avkcvk cwi®‹vi cwi”Qbœ ivL‡Z n‡e|
− bvjv ev †W«b cwi®‹vi ivL‡Z n‡e Ges G‡Z gv‡S gv‡S wdbvBj ev wW.wW.wU w`‡Z n‡e|
− †Lvjv ¯_v‡b cÖmªve cvqLvbv Kiv eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e|
− cuPv evwm ev gvwQ emv Lvevi LvIqv hv‡e bv|
Ab¨vb¨ KxUcZ½
gkv I gvwQi g‡Zv Av‡iv A‡bK KxUcZ½ Av‡Q| hviv Avgv‡`i I Dw™¢‡`i Rb¨
¶wZKi| †hgbÑ †Zjv‡cvKv, Qvi‡cvKv, DuKzb, cvgwi †cvKv, weQv †cvKv BZ¨vw`|
cvgwi †cvKv avb Mv‡Qi I weQv †cvKv cvU Mv‡Qi ¶wZ K‡i| †Zjv‡cvKv,
Qvi‡cvKv, DKuyb Avgv‡`i kix‡i †ivM Qovq| G‡`i ¶wZ †_‡K evPuuvi cÖavb Dcvq
n‡jv cwi®‹vi cwi”Qbœ _vKv|
†ivM we¯—v‡i
cwi‡ek cwiwPwZKxUcZ½
: weÁvb 93

Abykxjbx
K. mwVK DËiwU‡Z wUK wPý (√) `vI
1| †Kvb gkvi Kvg‡o †W½y R¡i nq ?
K) A¨v‡bvwdwjm L) wKD‡j·
M) GwWm N) ¯x A¨v‡bvwdwjm
2| ¯x A¨v‡bvwdwjm gkv †Kvb †iv‡Mi evnK ?
K) g¨v‡jwiqv L) †W½y
M) †Mv` N) h²v
L. kb¨¯’vb cyiY Ki
1| gvwQ Avgv‡`i eo .....................|
2| ......... Avgvkq I Wvqwiqv †ivMRxevYy enb K‡i|
3| ............. †ivM n‡j cv dz‡j hvq|
4| ............ gkv †Mv` †ivM Qovq|
M. Wvbw`‡Ki k㸇jvi m‡½ evg w`‡Ki †h kãMy‡jvi wgj Av‡Q Zv `vM †U‡b †`LvI
evg Wvb
Kuvcywb w`‡q R¡i wKD‡j·
gvwQ †K‡ivwmb, KxUbvkK
e× cvwb‡Z AbyPwµKv K‡g hvq
†W½y R¡i Wvbv _v‡K bv
gkvgvwQ aŸsm g¨v‡jwiqv
†Mv` †ivM gkv wWg cv‡o
gkvi ev”Pvi
94 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

N. msw¶ß cÖkœ
1| †Kvb †Kvb ¯’v‡b gkv R‡›g ?
2| gvwQ Kx Kx Lvq ?
3| gvwQ Kx Kx †ivM Qovq ?
4| gkv Kx Kx †ivM Qovq ?
5| †Kvb †Kvb ¯’v‡b gvwQ R‡›g ?
6| GwWm gkv †Pbvi Dcvq Kx ?
O. iPbvgjK cÖkœ
1| gkv `g‡bi Dcvq¸‡jv eY©bv Ki|
2| gvwQi esk e„w× Kxfv‡e †iva Kiv hvq ?
3| g¨v‡jwiqv †iv‡Mi j¶Y¸‡jv †jL|
4| †W½y R¡‡i AvµvšÍ e¨w³i j¶Ymgn †jL|
cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb 95

Aa¨vq `k

cÖv_wgK wPwKrmv
`yN©Ubv I cÖv_wgK wPwKrmv Kx
g‡b Ki †Zvgvi GK e›ay ¯‹y‡j Avmvi c‡_ wiKkv †_‡K c‡o nuvUy‡Z e¨_v †c‡q‡Q|
Avi GK eÜy Qywo w`‡q KvuPv Avg KvUvi mgq nvZ †K‡U †d‡j‡Q| Av‡iK eÜy
cyKz‡i †Mvmj Ki‡Z wM‡q cvwb‡Z Wy‡e wM‡qwQj| cv‡k Ii eo fvB †Mvmj KiwQ‡jb,
wZwb I‡K cvwb †_‡K †U‡b Zy‡jwQ‡jb| G iKg muvZvi Rvbv bv _vK‡j †h †KD
cvwb‡Z c‡o Wy‡e †h‡Z cv‡i| c_ Pj‡Z e¨_v cvIqv, †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y nvZ cv KvUv,
muvZvi bv Rvbvi Rb¨ cvwb‡Z Wy‡e hvIqv G¸‡jv meB `yN©Ubvi D`vniY| `yN©Ubvq
c‡o GKRb my¯’ gvbyl gyn‡Z©i g‡a¨ Amy¯’ n‡Z cv‡i| `yN©Ubvq co‡j `ªyZ e¨e¯’v
MªnY Kiv DwPZ| `yN©Ubvq cov †ivMxi Rxeb euvPv‡bvi Rb¨ cÖv_wgK Ae¯’vq
Zvr¶wYKfv‡e wb‡R‡`i wKQy e¨e¯’v MªnY K‡i c‡i Wv³v‡ii mvnvh¨ †bIqv DwPZ|
`yN©Ubvq c‡o †KD AvnZ n‡j Zvr¶wYKfv‡e †h wPwKrmvi e¨e¯’v Kiv nq Zv‡K
cÖv_wgK wPwKrmv e‡j| mKj `yN©Ubvi cÖv_wgK wPwKrmv GKiKg bq| cÖv_wgK
wPwKrmv †Kgb n‡e Zv wbf©i Ki‡e Kx ai‡bi `yN©Ubv N‡U‡Q Zvi Ici|
wb‡Pi Q‡K bvbv ai‡bi `yN©Ubvi GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki:
QK
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
96 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

nvZ cv †K‡U †M‡j Kx Ki‡Z n‡e

iweb we`¨vj‡qi gv‡V †`Šov‡bvi mgq c‡o wM‡q cv †K‡U †djj| G Ae¯’vq
†Zvgvi Kx Kiv DwPZ? me© cÖ_g Ii cv KZUyKz †K‡U‡Q Zv Rvbv `iKvi| KvUv
hw` †ewk bv nq Z‡e KvUv ¯_vb †WUj ev m¨vfjb wgkv‡bv cvwb w`‡q ay‡q w`‡Z
n‡e| nv‡Zi Kv‡Q m¨vfjb ev †WUj bv _vK‡j ïay dzUv‡bv VvÛv cvwb w`‡q KvUv
¯’vbwU ay‡q wb‡Z n‡e| Gevi A¨vw›Uev‡qvwUK gjg Zyjv A_ev cvZjv Kvc‡o
jvwM‡q KvUv ¯_v‡b jvMv‡Z n‡e|

wPÎ: ¶Z ¯’vb cwi®‹vi cvwb w`‡q †avqv n‡”Q wPÎ: i³ cov e›a Kivi Rb¨ ¶Z ¯_vbwU
Kvco w`‡q †P‡c aiv n‡q‡Q

hw` ¶ZwU †ewk Mfxi nq Ges wdbwK w`‡q i³ c‡o ZLb Kx e¨e¯’v wb‡Z n‡e?
G Ae¯_vq hZ ZvovZvwo m¤¢e Zyjv A_ev cwi®‹vi cyivZb Kvco w`‡q ¶Z
¯_vbwU †P‡c ai‡Z n‡e †hb i³ bv S‡i| ¶ZwU hw` nvZ ev cv‡qi nq Z‡e H
nvZ ev cv GKUy DPuy K‡i ivL‡Z n‡e Ges hZ ZvovZvwo m¤¢e Wv³v‡ii Kv‡Q
wb‡q †h‡Z n‡e| i³ eÜ Kivi Rb¨ KvUv RvqMvq Ab¨ †Kv‡bv wKQy jvMv‡bv DwPZ
bq|
cÖv_wgKcwiwPwZ
cwi‡ek wPwKrmv: weÁvb 97

†cvov
`yN©Ubvi Kvi‡Y †Zvgvi ev Ab¨ Kv‡ivi kix‡ii †h †Kv‡bv Ask cy‡o †h‡Z cv‡i|
ZLb Kx e¨e¯’v wb‡Z n‡e? cÖ_‡g †`‡L wb‡Z n‡e †ivMxi kix‡ii †Kvb A‡½i
KZUyKz Ask cy‡o‡Q Ges †cvovUv KZUyKz ¸iyZi| Gici wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e
†ivMx‡K wKic wPwKrmv w`‡Z n‡e|
hLb GKwU m¤cY© nvZ ev cv, gv_v ev wc‡Vi A‡a©‡Ki †ewk cy‡o hvq ZLb
A‡bKLvwb cy‡o †M‡Q e‡j aiv nq| Gi †P‡q Kg cyo‡j, Pvgovi Z¡‡Ki Kg Ask
cy‡o‡Q e‡j aiv nq|
hw` Z¡‡Ki Aí Ask cy‡o hvq Ges †dv¯‹v bv c‡o Z‡e Avgiv †QuKv jvMv ewj|
G‡¶‡Î †cvov RvqMvUv VvÛv cvwb‡Z Wywe‡q ivL‡Z n‡e| G‡Z e¨_v Kg‡e Avi
†cvov RvqMvq ¶wZI Kg n‡e| Avi †Kv‡bv wPwKrmvi `iKvi †bB| †Kv‡bv ¯’vb
hw` †ewk cy‡o hvq Zvn‡j †mLv‡b VvÛv cvwb Xvj‡Z n‡e Ges `ªyZ Wv³v‡ii Kv‡Q
wb‡q †h‡Z n‡e|
Z¡‡K hw` †KejgvÎ †dv¯‹v c‡o, Zvn‡j Av‡¯ Av‡¯ mvevb cvwb w`‡q cy‡o
hvIqv RvqMvUv ay‡q wb‡Z n‡e Ges cwi®‹vi big Kvco w`‡q gy‡Q w`‡Z n‡e|
KL‡bv †dv¯‹v Mjv‡bv DwPZ bq| hw` †dv¯‹v M‡j wM‡q _v‡K Z‡e dyUv‡bv VvÛv
cvwb I mvevb w`‡q RvqMvUv Av‡¯ Av‡¯ ay‡q wb‡Z n‡e| †cvov RvqMvq
Ô†Rbwmqvb fv‡qv‡jUÕ jvMv‡Z n‡e| †cvov RvqMvUv †Lvjv ivL‡Z n‡e| †cvov
RvqMvq †hb gvwQ bv c‡o †mw`K j¶ ivL‡Z n‡e|
hw` †dv¯‹v c‡o M‡j hvq Avi Zv‡Z hw` cyuR nq ZLb Kx Ki‡Z n‡e? cUvwkqvg
cvig¨v½v‡bU cvwb‡Z ¸‡j cwi®‹vi big cvZjv Kvco w`‡q Lye mveav‡b †cvov
¯’vb cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e| IlyawU cvIqv bv †M‡j GK wjUvi dyUv‡bv VvÛv
cvwb‡Z GK Pv PvgP jeY wgwk‡q ¯_vbwU cwi®‹vi K‡i ay‡Z n‡e| e¨v_v, cyuR,
`yM©Ü ev R¡i _vK‡j Aek¨B Wv³v‡ii civgk© wb‡Z n‡e|
98 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

cvwb‡Z †Wvev
†Zvgiv Le‡ii KvM‡R j ev †bŠKv Wy‡e gvby‡li g„Zy¨i Lei Rvb‡Z cvi| G
gvbyl¸‡jv cvwb‡Z Wy‡e gviv hvq| cvwb‡Z †Wvev †ivMxi Zvr¶wYK wPwKrmv w`‡j
euvPv‡bv m¤¢e| cvwb‡Z †Wvev †ivMxi Zvr¶wYK wPwKrmvi e¨e¯’v Kiv AwZ Riywi|
wPwKrmvi c‡e© `yBwU welq j¶ Ki‡Z nq| †ivMxi Ávb Av‡Q wK bv A_ev k¦vm
wb‡”Q wK bv| hw` g‡b nq †ivMx k¦vm wb‡”Q bv Z‡e Zvi gv_vwU eyK †_‡K DuPy K‡i
ai‡Z n‡e Ges Ava wgwbU ci ci †ivMxi gy‡L gyL jvwM‡q dzu w`‡Z n‡e| gv‡S
gv‡S †ivMx‡K k¦vm †bIqvi Rb¨ mgq w`‡Z n‡e| hZ ZvovZvwo m¤¢e †ivMx‡K
Wv³v‡ii Kv‡Q wb‡q †h‡Z n‡e|
Avi hw` †ivMxi Ávb _v‡K Z‡e Zv‡K cvwb †_‡K Lye `ªyZ IwV‡q WvOvq Avb‡Z n‡e|
Rvgv Kvco Ly‡j †dj‡Z n‡e| bvK gy‡Li cvwb gy‡Q w`‡q gvwU‡Z Dcyo K‡i kyB‡q
w`‡Z n‡e| †ivMxi gv_v Zvi GKwU nv‡Zi Dci †i‡L KvZ K‡i ïB‡q w`‡Z n‡e|
`vu‡Zi dvu‡K k³ wKQy GKUv w`‡q gyL nv K‡i ivL‡Z n‡e| cwi®‹vi I big
Kvco w`‡q gyL I Mjvi wfZi cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e|

wPÎ: wc‡V Pvc w`‡q †cU †_‡K cvwb †ei Kivi `„k¨
cwi‡ek
cÖv_wgKcwiwPwZ
wPwKrmv: weÁvb 99

Gevi †ivMxi †c‡Ui wb‡P GKUv evwjk ivL‡Z n‡e| wP‡Î †hgbfv‡e †`Lv‡bv
n‡q‡Q †Zgbfv‡e †ivMxi `yB cv gvSLv‡b †i‡L †Zvgvi `yB cv `yBcv‡k w`‡q nvuUyi
Dci em‡Z n‡e| Gevi †ivMxi wc‡Vi `yB cv‡k nvZ †i‡L wKQy¶Y ci ci †Rv‡i
Pvc w`‡Z n‡e| K‡qKevi Pvc †`Iqvi ci gyL w`‡q cvwb †ewi‡q Avm‡e| k¦vm-
cÖk¦vm Pvjy n‡e| hZkxNª m¤¢e †ivMx‡K Wv³v‡ii Kv‡Q wb‡q †h‡Z n‡e A_ev
Wv³vi †W‡K Avb‡Z n‡e|
Gic `yN©Ubv Avgv‡`i Rxe‡b †h †Kv‡bv mgq NU‡Z cv‡i| ZvB G¸‡jvi cÖv_wgK
wPwKrmv m¤c©‡K Avgv‡`i mevi Rvbv `iKvi| †Zvgiv †kªYxi wk¶v_©xiv K‡qKwU
`‡j wef³ nI| cÖwZwU `‡j cvuP/Qq Rb K‡i _vK‡e| Gevi †Zvgiv †K‡U hvIqv,
cvwb‡Z cov A_ev cy†o hvIqvi g‡Zv `yN©Ubv NU‡j Kxfv‡e cÖv_wgK wPwKrmv †`‡e
Zv Awfbq K‡i †`LvI|

Abykxjbx
K. mwVK DËiwU‡Z wUK wPý (√) `vI
1| †Kv‡bv ¯_vb †K‡U †M‡j Kx Ki‡Z n‡e ?
K) A¨vw›Uev‡qvwUK gjg jvMv‡Z n‡e L) wWg †f‡O †g‡L w`‡Z n‡e
M) Kvco I †K‡ivwmb jvMv‡Z n‡e N) †Mvei I †K‡ivwmb jvMv‡Z n‡e
2| †Kv‡bv ¯’vb †ewk cyo‡j Kx Kiv DwPZ ?
K) VvÛv cvwb †X‡j Wv³v‡ii Kv‡Q wb‡Z n‡e L) m¨vfjb I †WUj w`‡q ay‡Z n‡e
M) A¨vw›Uev‡qvwUK gjg w`‡Z n‡e N) Mvu`v dy‡ji im w`‡Z n‡e
3| †Kv‡bv ¯’vb †ewk †K‡U wdbwK w`‡q i³ co‡j cÖ_‡g Kx Ki‡Z n‡e ?
K) `yev©Nv‡mi im w`‡Z n‡e L) wW‡gi mv`v Ask †g‡L w`‡Z n‡e
M) Kvco ev Zyjv w`‡q ¯’vbwU †P‡c ai‡Z n‡e N) A¨vw›Uev‡qvwUK w`‡Z n‡e
100 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

4| cvwb‡Z †Wvev †ivMxi †¶‡Î cÖ_‡g Kx j¶ ivL‡Z n‡e ?

K) †ivMx ewg K‡i‡Q wK bv L) †ivMxi †c‡U cvwb Av‡Q wK bv
M) k¦vm wb‡”Q wK bv N) nvZ ev cv †f‡O †M‡Q wK bv
L. kb¨¯’vb ciY Ki
1| †QuKv jvMv ¯’vb ----------- Wywe‡q ivL‡Z n‡e|
2| kix‡ii †Kv‡bv ¯’vb †ewk cy‡o †M‡j cÖ_‡g ------------ Xvj‡Z n‡e|
3| cvwb‡Z †Wvev †ivMxi cÖv_wgK wPwKrmvi †¶‡Î cÖ_‡gB j¶ Ki‡Z n‡e
†ivMxi -------- Av‡Q wKbv|
4| `yN©Ubvq c‡o GKRb my¯’ gvbyl gyn‡Z©i g‡a¨ ------- n‡Z cv‡i|
5| `yN©Ubvq cov †ivMxi Rxeb euvPv‡bvi Rb¨ Zvr¶wYKfv‡e ---- Kiv‡K ---- e‡j|
M. msw¶ß cÖkœ
1| cÖv_wgK wPwKrmv ej‡Z Kx eyS ?
2| kix‡ii †Kv‡bv Ask Kg †K‡U †M‡j Zywg Kx Ki‡e ?
3| nvZ ev cv †ewk †K‡U †M‡j Kx e¨e¯’v MªnY Ki‡e ?
4| muvZvi Rvbvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Kx ?
N. iPbvgjK cÖkœ
1| cvwb‡Z †Wvev †ivMxi cÖv_wgK wPwKrmv Kxfv‡e Kiv n‡e ?
2| kix‡ii †Kv‡bv Ask †ewk cy‡o †M‡j Kx Ki‡Z n‡e ?
cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb 101

Aa¨vq GMvi

Z_¨ †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³

Z_¨
†Zvgiv hviv gv-gyiwM‡K Zvi †gviM Qvbv‡`i wb‡q Ny‡i †eov‡Z †`‡LQ Zviv nq‡Zv
GKUv e¨vcvi j¶ K‡iQ| gv-gyiwM hLbB GKUz Lvevi Lyu‡R cvq ZLbB †m Zvi
Mjv w`‡q we‡kl GK ai‡bi kã K‡i| †mB kã ï‡b †gviM Qvbviv Qy‡U P‡j Av‡m
†mB Lvevi †L‡Z| Avevi gv-gyiwM hLb AvKv‡k GKUv wPj‡K Do‡Z †`‡L ZLb
†m Zvi Mjv w`‡q wfbœ GK ai‡bi kã K‡i| †mB kã ï‡b me †gviM Qvbviv ZLb
wbivc` RvqMvq jywK‡q c‡o| †Zvgiv wbðqB eyS‡Z cviQ Kx NU‡Q| gv-gyiwM
hLb Lvevi Lyu‡R †c‡q‡Q ZLb †m Zvi Mjv w`‡q GK ai‡bi kã K‡i †mB Z_¨Uv
Zvi ev”Pv‡`i Rvwb‡q w`‡”Q| Avevi hLb †m AvKv‡k GKUv wPj‡K Do‡Z †`‡L‡Q
ZLb †mB Z_¨UvI †m wfbœ GKUv kã K‡i ev”Pv‡`i‡K Rvwb‡q mveavb K‡i
w`‡PQ| †mvRv K_vq ej‡Z cvwi gv-gyiwM Zvi Mjv w`‡q kã K‡i Zvi evPPv‡`i
Kv‡Q Z_¨ cvVv‡”Q|
†gviM gyiwMi g‡Zv Ab¨vb¨ cïcvwLI Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i Kv‡Q bvbviKg Z_¨ cvVv‡Z
cv‡i| †Zvgiv ï‡b nq‡Zv AevK n‡e †cvKv gvKoI G‡K Ac‡ii Kv‡Q Z_¨
cvVvq| GKUv †gŠgvwQ D‡o D‡o hLb GKUv dz‡ji evMvb Lyu‡R cvq ZLb †m †mB
Z_¨Uv Ab¨vb¨ †gŠgvwQ‡`i †`evi R‡b¨ †gŠPv‡K wd‡i Av‡m| †mLv‡b G‡m †m evsjv
Pvi ev Bs‡iwR Av‡Ui (4) g‡Zv K‡i bvP‡Z _v‡K| †mUv †`‡L Ab¨vb¨ †gŠgvwQiv
†Kv_vq †h‡Z n‡e †mB Z_¨UzKz †c‡q hvq|
†Zvgiv eyS‡ZB cviQ cïcvwL ev †cvKv gvK‡oi eyw× Lye †ewk bv, Zv‡`i Lye †ewk
wKQy RvbviI `iKvi nq bv| ZvB Zv‡`i Z_¨¸‡jv nq LyeB mvaviY| †mB Z_¨UvI
Zviv G‡K Ab¨‡K Rvbvq LyeB mv`vgvUv Dcv‡q| cïcvwL Ges †cvKv gvK‡oi Zzjbvq
gvbyl A‡bK †ewk DbœZ ZvB Zv‡`i Z_¨¸‡jvI nq A‡bK DbœZ| ïay ZvB bv, gvbyl
hLb G‡K Ab¨‡K †mB Z_¨ cvVvq †mB c×wZUvI nq A‡bK DbœZ| cïcvwL ev †cvKv
gvKo hLb G‡K Ab¨‡K †Kv‡bv Z_¨ Rvbvq †mUv memg‡q nq GKB iKg| Z_¨ cvVv‡bvi
102 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

R‡b¨ Zviv bZzb †Kv‡bv Dcvq †f‡e †ei Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| wKšZz gvby‡li †ejvq
†mUv Ab¨iKg| Zviv Z_¨ cvVv‡bvi R‡b¨ me mg‡qB bZyb c_ Lyu‡R †ei Ki‡Q|
gvby‡li Z_¨ cvVv‡bvi GB Dcvq¸‡jvi K_v Rvb‡j Zzwg wbðqB AevK n‡q hv‡e|
†Zvgiv G‡Zv¶‡Y wbðqB eyS‡Z cviQ Z_¨ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv nq| †h †Kv‡bv
wel‡qi LeivLeiB n‡”Q Z_¨| †eu‡P _vKvi R‡b¨ memg‡qB Avgv‡`i bZzb Z_¨
Rvb‡Z nq| †h K…lK †m †Kgb K‡i Zvi Rwg‡Z cvwb †mP Ki‡e Zv‡K †mB Z_¨
Rvb‡Z n‡e| †h kªwgK †m †Kgb K‡i Zvi KjKviLvbv Pvjv‡e Zv‡K †mUv Rvb‡Z
n‡e| †h QvÎ ev QvÎx Zv‡K cvV¨eB c‡o cÖwZw`b bvbviKg bZyb Z_¨ Rvb‡Z
n‡e| †h Wv³vi Zv‡K †ivMe¨wa Ges wPwKrmv m¤c‡K© Z_¨ Rvb‡Z n‡e| Avevi †h
e¨emvqx Zv‡K †Kvb wRwbm K‡Zv `v‡g wK‡b Avb‡Z n‡e Ges K‡Zv `v‡g wewµ
Ki‡Z n‡e †mUv Rvb‡Z n‡e| Gfv‡e Zzwg †`L‡Z cv‡e mevB‡KB Zvi Rxe‡bi
mv‡_ wgj †i‡L bvbv iKg Z_¨ Rvb‡Z nq| Avgv‡`i Pvicv‡k bvbvfv‡e †mB Z_¨
Qwo‡q wQwU‡q _v‡K| cÖ‡qvR‡b Avgiv †m¸‡jv †R‡b †bB| †Zvgiv g‡b †i‡Lv gvbyl
ïay †h Pvicv‡k Qwo‡q wQwU‡q _vKv Z_¨¸‡jv msMÖn K‡i Zv bq, gvbyl A‡bK
bZzb Z‡_¨i Rb¥I w`‡q _v‡K| mviv c„w_ex‡Z A‡bK gvbyl M‡elYv K‡i ev Zv‡`i
AwfÁZv †_‡K bvbv iKg bZzb Z‡_¨i Rb¥ w`‡q hv‡”Q| GKUv bZzb †ivM ïiy n‡j
cÖ_‡g Zvi wPwKrmvi Ilya _v‡K bv, weÁvbxiv M‡elYv K‡i Zvi Ilya †ei K‡ib,
c„w_ex‡Z bZzb Z‡_¨i Rb¥ nq| Gfv‡e cÖwZ gyn~‡Z© Avgv‡`i Pvicv‡k bZzb Z‡_¨i
Rb¥ n‡”Q- Gi †Kv‡bv †kl †bB|
Z_¨ †hvMv‡hvM
g‡b Ki AvenvIqv `dZ‡ii gvby‡liv GKw`b DcMÖn †_‡K cvVv‡bv GKUv Qwe †`‡L
Rvb‡Z cvij †h e‡½vcmvM‡i GKUv N~wY©S‡oi Rb¥ n‡q‡Q| ïay ZvB bq †`Lv †M‡jv
N~wY©SoUv DcK‚‡ji w`‡K GwM‡q Avm‡Q| AvenvIqv `dZ‡ii gvbylRb hw` GB Z_¨Uv
wb‡R‡`i wfZ‡iB †i‡L †`q, hw` Ab¨ KvD‡K bv Rvbvq Zvn‡j Kx n‡e? Zvn‡j nq‡Zv
N~wY©S‡o nvRvi nvRvi gvbyl gviv hv‡e| wKšÍy AvenvIqv `dZ‡ii gvbylRb hw` mv‡_
mv‡_ N~wY©S‡oi Z_¨Uv †iwWI †Uwjwfkb w`‡q mKj gvbyl‡K Rvwb‡q †`q Zvn‡j nvRvi
cwi‡ek
Z_¨ cwiwPwZcÖ:hweÁvb
†hvMv‡hvM yw³ 103

nvRvi gvbyl †eu‡P †h‡Z cvi‡e| N~wY©So Avmvi Av‡MB Zviv m‡i †h‡Z cv‡i wKsev
Avkªq †K‡›`ª P‡j †h‡Z cv‡i| Zvn‡jB †`L‡Z cv”Q GKUv Z_¨ wKšZy nvRvi
nvRvi gvby‡li cÖvY euvPv‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e cÖvY euvPv‡bvi R‡b¨ †mB Z_¨Uv‡K cÖPvi
Ki‡Z nq ev †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z nq| hvi A_© Z_¨ †hiKg Lye ¸iyZ¡c~Y© †mB
Z_¨Uv‡K A‡b¨i Kv‡Q †cuŠQv‡bvi R‡b¨ †hvMv‡hvM KivUvI Zvi mgvb ¸iyZ¡c~Y©|
Avgiv Avgv‡`i Pvicv‡k Z_¨ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi D`vniY †`L‡Z cvB| GKRb K…lK hw`
Zvi Pv‡li Rwg‡Z †cvKv †`L‡Z cvq Zvn‡j †mB †cvKv `~i Kivi Z‡_¨i R‡b¨ Zv‡K
K…wl `dZ‡i †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z nq| GKUv d¨v±wii †Kv‡bv hšÎ †f‡O †M‡j kªwgK‡K
Zvi cÖ‡KŠkjx `dZ‡i †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z nq| GKUv QvÎ ev QvÎx hw` †Kv‡bv GKUv
eB Zvi GjvKvq Lyu‡R bv cvq Zvn‡j Zv‡K kn‡ii jvB‡eªwi‡Z †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z nq|
GKRb e¨emvqx‡K Kg `v‡g Zvi gvjcÎ †Kbvi R‡b¨ †Kv_vq †mUv m¯Zvq cvIqv
hvq Zvi R‡b¨ †hvMvv‡hvM Ki‡Z nq| cÖevmx kªwgK Zvi cwiev‡ii †LuvR †bevi R‡b¨
A‡bK `~i †`k †_‡K wb‡Ri †`‡k †hvMv‡hvM K‡i|
mevB Zvi wbR¯^ Dcv‡q G‡K A‡b¨i mv‡_ Z_¨ wewbgq Kivi R‡b¨ †hvMv‡hvM K‡i _v‡K|
AvaywbK c„w_ex‡Z Z_¨ †hvMv‡hvM LyeB
¸iyZ¡c~Y© GKUv welq| GLb Z_¨
wewbg‡qi †h iKg bvbv Dcvq †ei n‡q‡Q
Av‡M †mUv wQj bv| Av‡M Z_¨ cvVv‡bvi
R‡b¨ GKRb gvbyl‡KB †mB Z_¨Uv wb‡q
†h‡Z n‡Zv| gvbylUv hZ ZvovZvwo †h‡Z
cvi‡Zv Z_¨UvI ZZ ZvovZvwo
†cuŠQv‡Zv| gv‡S gv‡S †Kv‡bv gvbyl‡K bv
cvwV‡qB Z_¨ cvVv‡bvi †Póv Kiv n‡Zv|
nq‡Zv wmsMv dz‡u K ev eo †Xvj ev `vgvgv
evwR‡q Z_¨ cvVv‡bv n‡Zv| Av‡gwiKvi wPÎ : Av¸b R¡vwj‡q †auvqvi gva¨‡g Z_¨ †cÖiY
†iW BwÛqvbiv Av¸b R¡vwj‡q Zvi †auvqv evwo‡q Kwg‡q GKfv‡e `~‡i Z_¨ cvVv‡Zv|
104 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

†Zvgiv eyS‡ZB cviQ Gfv‡e ïaygvÎ Lye mnR `yB GKUv Z_¨ cvVv‡bv †h‡Zv|
RwUj †Kv‡bv Z_¨ Gfv‡e cvVv‡bv †h‡Zv bv| A‡bK mgq KvM‡R wKQy GKUv wj‡L
†cvlv KeyZ‡ii cv‡q †mUv †eu‡a Zv‡K Dwo‡q †`Iqv n‡Zv| †cvlv KeyZi Zvi
wb‡Ri Av¯Zvbvq wd‡i †M‡j †mB gvbyl Z_¨wU †c‡q †h‡Zv| Gfv‡e RwUj Ges
cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ cvVv‡bv †M‡jI †mwU ïaygvÎ wbw`©ó GKUv RvqMvq cvVv‡bv †h‡Zv|
GKB mv‡_ wfbœ wfbœ gvby‡li Kv‡Q Z_¨ cvVv‡bvi †Kv‡bv mnR Dcvq wQj bv|
Kv‡RB A‡bKw`b gvbyl wb‡RivB Z_¨ enb K‡i wb‡q‡Q| ZvovZvwo hvevi R‡b¨
Zviv †Nvovq P‡o wM‡q‡Q| ax‡i ax‡i hLb †bŠKv RvnvR Mvwo Avwe®‹vi n‡q‡Q
ZLb gvbyl GB hvbevnb e¨envi K‡i Av‡iv ZvovZvwo Z_¨ wb‡q †h‡Z †c‡i‡Q|
hLb wegvb Avwe®‹vi n‡q‡Q ZLb wegv‡b K‡i gvbyl `~i `~ivšÍ‡i Z_¨ wb‡q
†M‡Q|
Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³
1837 mv‡j Z_¨ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi e¨vcv‡i GKUv wekvj cwieZ©b ïiy n‡qwQj|

wPÎ : cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g Z‡_¨i Av`vb cÖ`vb

cwi‡ek
Z_¨ cwiwPwZcÖ:hweÁvb
†hvMv‡hvM yw³ 105

m¨vgy‡qj †gvm© bv‡g GKRb weÁvbx Zv‡ii wfZi w`‡q ˆe`y¨wZK ms‡KZ e¨envi
K‡i Z_¨ cvVv‡bvi GKUv Dcvq Avwe®‹vi Ki‡jb| GB c×wZUvi bvg †UwjMÖvd|
GB †UwjMÖvd e¨envi K‡i gvbyl Zv‡ii wfZi w`‡q Z_¨ cvVv‡Z ïiy Ki‡jv| ˆe`y¨wZK
ms‡KZ gyn~‡Z©i gv‡S A‡bK `~i P‡j †h‡Z cv‡i e‡j †UwjMÖvd e¨envi K‡i gvbyl
kZkZ gvBj `~‡i Z_¨ cvVv‡Z ïiy Ki‡jv| GB cÖ_gevi gvbyl Z_¨ cvVv‡bvi R‡b¨
Ab¨ GKRb gvbyl‡K e¨envi bv K‡i cÖhyw³‡K e¨envi Ki‡Z ïiy Ki‡jv|
weÁv‡bi e¨envi n‡”Q cÖhyw³| weÁvb n‡”Q Ávb Ges Ávb KL‡bv Lvivc n‡Z
cv‡i bv| wKšÍy cÖhyw³ fv‡jv Ges Lvivc `yBB n‡Z cv‡i| A‡bK Lvivc cÖhyw³ w`‡q
gvby‡li ¶wZ Kiv n‡q‡Q, cwi‡ek aŸsm Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e gvbyl †ewki fvM
mg‡qB cÖhyw³‡K fv‡jv Kv‡R e¨envi K‡i‡Q- Z_¨ †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ n‡”Q Zvi
me‡P‡q my›`i D`vniY| †UwjMÖvd e¨envi K‡i cÖ_‡g GKUv GKUv K‡i A¶i
cvVv‡bv n‡Zv| hLb †Uwj‡dvb Avwe®‹vi n‡jv ZLb Zv‡ii †fZi w`‡q mivmwi
K_v cvVv‡bv ïiy n‡jv| kZ kZ gvBj `~‡i †_‡KB ZLb GKRb gvbyl Ab¨ gvby‡li
mv‡_ K_v ej‡Z kyiy Ki‡jv|
†Uwj‡dv‡b K_v ejvi
R‡b¨ Av‡M †Uwj‡dv‡bi
Zvi emv‡Z nq, ZvB
weÁvbxiv Zvi QvovB Z_¨
cvVv‡bv hvq wKbv Zvi
†Póv Ki‡Z jvM‡jb|
1901 mv‡j BZvjxi
ˆeÁvwbK gvK©wb Ges
evOvjx ˆeÁvwbK m¨vi
RM`xk P›`ª emy Zvi Qvov
Z_¨ cvVv‡bvi cÖhyw³
Avwe®‹vi K‡iwQ‡jb| wPÎ: †eZvi cÖhyw³i †hvMv‡hvM hš
106 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

GB c×wZUv‡K evsjvq †eZvi Ges Bs‡iwR‡Z Iq¨vi‡jm cÖhyw³ ejv nq| †Zvgiv
wbðqB Abygvb Ki‡Z cviQ Z_¨ cvVv‡bvi R‡b¨ †Kv‡bv Zv‡ii `iKvi nq bv e‡j
GB c×wZwU Z_¨ †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i R‡b¨ GKUv A‡bK eo gvBj djK|
ax‡i ax‡i GB cÖhyw³i Av‡iv A‡bK DbœwZ n‡q‡Q| GB cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i Avgiv
†iwWI †Uwjwfkb †c‡qwQ| GLb Avgv‡`i cÖvq mevi nv‡ZB †gvevBj †dvb _v‡K,
†mwUI †eZvi cÖhyw³i GKUv Ae`vb| GZ eo cÖhyw³i Avwe®‹viK‡`i GKRb
Avgv‡`i evOvjx ˆeÁvwbK, †mwU Avgv‡`i R‡b¨ A‡bK M‡e©i welq|
Z_¨ †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i e¨vcv‡i †h hšÎwU GKUv wec−e K‡i †d‡j‡Q Zvi bvg
n‡”Q Kw¤cDUvi| cÖ_‡g Kw¤cDUvi wnmve Kivi R‡b¨ ˆZwi n‡jI GLb
Kw¤cDUvi bvbv ai‡bi Kv‡R e¨envi Kiv nq| gvbyl Kw¤cDUvi e¨envi K‡i
†jLv‡jwL Ki‡Z cv‡i, Qwe AvuK‡Z cv‡i, Mvb ïb‡Z cv‡i, Ggb wK MwY‡Zi
RwUj mgm¨vi mgvavbI Ki‡Z cv‡i|
weÁvbx I cÖhyw³we`iv GKUv Kw¤cDUv‡ii mv‡_ Av‡iKUv Kw¤cDUv‡ii †hvMv‡hvM
e¨e¯’v K‡i w`‡Z ïiy K‡i‡Qb| †`L‡Z †`L‡Z mviv c„w_exi j¶ j¶ Kw¤cDUvi
GKUvi mv‡_ Av‡iKUv hy³ n‡q‡Q| GUv‡K ejv nq Kw¤cDUv‡ii †bUIqvK©|
c„w_ex †Rvov GB Kw¤cDUv‡ii †bUIqvK© w`‡q GLb G‡K A‡b¨i mv‡_ Z_¨ wewbgq
Ki‡Z cv‡i| GB c×wZUvi bvg B›Uvi‡bU Ges B›Uvi‡bU‡K ejv hvq bZyb
c„w_exi me‡P‡q ¸iyZ¡c~Y© GKUv cÖhyw³|
GLb Zywg B‡”Q Ki‡j B›Uvi‡bU e¨envi K‡i c„w_exi †h †Kv‡bv cÖvšÍ †_‡K †Kv‡bv
GKUv Z_¨ wb‡q Avm‡Z cvi‡e| Avevi B‡”Q Ki‡j †Zvgvi GKUv Z_¨I c„w_exi
†h †Kv‡bv cÖv‡šÍ cvwV‡q w`‡Z cvi‡e| †h †Kv‡bv Z_¨ B›Uvi‡bU e¨envi K‡i Lye
mn‡RB cvIqv hvq e‡j mviv c„w_exi gvbylB GLb B›Uvi‡b‡Ui Ici wbf©i Ki‡Z
ïiy K‡i‡Q|
Z_¨ †hvMv‡hvM
cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ cÖ: hweÁvb
yw³ 107

wPÎ: Kw¤cDUv‡ii gva¨‡g B›Uvi‡b‡U †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v

Z_¨ †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i GB iƒcwU Avgv‡`i c„w_exUv‡K bZybfv‡e cwieZ©b K‡i
w`‡”Q| Zzwg wK GB cwieZ©‡b Ask wb‡qQ? Ask wb‡Z PvI?

Abykxjbx
K. mwVK DËiwU‡Z wUK wPý (√) `vI
1| †KvbwU mZ¨ bq?
K. cïcvwLI wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ Z_¨ wewbgq K‡i|
L. gvbyl Z_¨ cvVv‡bvi R‡b¨ bZyb Z_¨ c×wZ Avwe®‹vi K‡i‡Q|
M. bZzb Z_¨ Rb¥ †`Iqv m¤¢e bq|
N. †eu‡P _vKvi R‡b¨ Avgv‡`i Z_¨ Rvb‡Z nq|
108 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

2| Av‡M Z_¨ Av`vb cÖ`vb Kivi Rb¨ †Kvb cÖvYx‡K e¨envi Kiv n‡Zv?
K. Li‡Mvm L. weovj
M. evRcvwL N. KeyZi
3| †KvbwU‡Z †eZvi cÖhyw³ e¨envi nq?
K. K¨v‡mU †c−qvi L. †mjvB †gwkb
M. †iwWI N. †UwjMÖvd
4| †KvbwU mwVK bq?
K. †UwjMÖv‡d A¶i cvVv‡bv nq
L. †Uwj‡dv‡b K_v cvVv‡bv nq
M. †iwWI‡Z Qwe cvVv‡bv nq
N. †Uwjwfk‡b K_v I Qwe cvVv‡bv nq|
L. k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Ki
1| †eZvi cªhyw³i Avwe®‹viK wQ‡jb gvK©wb Ges ...............|
2| c„w_ex †Rvov Kw¤cDUvi †bUIqv‡K© Z_¨ cvVv‡bvi cÖhyw³i bvg ............|
M. msw¶ß DËi `vI
1| Avgv‡`i Rxe‡b Z_¨ †Kb ¸iyZ¡c~Y©?
2| `ywU fv‡jv cÖhyw³ Ges `ywU Lvivc cÖhyw³i D`vniY `vI|
3| Z_¨ cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i Kxfv‡e gvby‡li cÖvY euvPv‡bv hvq?
cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb 109

Aa¨vq evi

RbmsL¨v I cwi‡ek
†Zvgiv †R‡bQ †h evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨v RvqMvi Zyjbvq A‡bK †ewk| †`‡ki
RbmsL¨v w`b w`b Av‡iv †e‡oB P‡j‡Q| †Zvgiv Av‡iv †R‡bQ †h AwaK RbmsL¨v
†`‡k bvbv iK‡gi mgm¨v m„wó K‡i| †`‡k Lv‡`¨i Afve nq| AwaK RbmsL¨vi
Kvi‡Y cwi‡ek bvbvfv‡e ¶wZMª¯Z I `wlZ nq| evqy, cvwb `wlZ n‡q c‡o|
†eKvi mgm¨v †`Lv †`q| Av‡Mi K¬v‡m †Zvgiv cwi‡ek `l‡Yi wKQy wKQy wel‡q
†R‡bQ| G Aa¨v‡q Avgiv RbmsL¨vi Kvi‡Y Av‡iv Kxfv‡e cwi‡ek `wlZ nq †m
m¤c‡K© Rvbe|

cwi‡e‡ki Ici RbmsL¨vi cÖfve m¤c‡K© Av‡jvPbvi Av‡M Avgiv RbmsL¨vi wKQy
ZË¡ I Z_¨ †R‡b †bB| Avgiv Rvbe RbmsL¨v Kx, †Kv‡bv †`‡ki RbmsL¨v Kxfv‡e
wbY©q Kiv nq| RbmsL¨vi NbZ¡ Kx Ges Kxfv‡e RbmsL¨vi NbZ¡ wbY©q Kiv nq|
†Kv‡bv †`‡ki Rbmvavi‡Yi gv_vwcQy Avq Kx Ges gv_vwcQy Avq Kxfv‡e wbY©q Kiv
nq| gv_vwcQy Rwg Kxfv‡e wbY©q Kiv nq|

Av`gïgvix wi‡cvU© 2001 Abyhvqx evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨v cÖvq 13 †KvwU 30

nvRvi| Gi A_© mviv evsjv‡`‡k me eq‡mi hZ bvix, cyiyl, wK‡kvi wK‡kvix, wkï
emevm Ki‡Q Zv‡`i †gvU msL¨vB n‡”Q evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨v| myZivs Avgiv
ej‡Z cvwi †h GKwU †`‡k bvix cyiyl wg‡j cÖvß eq¯‹ Ges AcÖvß eq¯‹ hZ
†jvK emevm K‡i Zv‡`i †gvU msL¨v‡K H †`‡ki RbmsL¨v e‡j| Avi †Kv‡bv
†`‡ki RbmsL¨v Rvbvi Rb¨ †jvK MYbv‡K Av`gïgvix e‡j| Av`gïgvix
mvaviYZ `k eQi ci ci nq|
110 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

Av`gïgvixi gva¨‡g †h †Kej †`‡ki †gvU RbmsL¨v Rvbv hvq Zv bq| †Kv‡bv
†`‡ki Av`gïgvix †_‡K Avgiv †m †`‡ki bvix-cyiyl, cÖvß eq¯‹, AcÖvß eq¯‹,
¯^v¶i - wbi¶i †jv‡Ki msL¨vI Rvb‡Z cvwi| G Qvov wewfbœ †ckvq wb‡qvwRZ
†jv‡Ki msL¨v, Av_© mvgvwRK Ae¯’v, R›gnvi, g„Zy¨nvi, RbmsL¨vi NbZ¡ Ges
n«vme„w× I MwZ cÖK…wZ m¤^‡Ü wewfbœ cª‡qvRbxq Z_¨ Av`gïgvix †_‡K Rvbv
hvq|
†Zvgiv Rvb †h c„w_exi RbmsL¨v †e‡oB P‡j‡Q| †e‡o Pjv RbM‡Yi Lv‡`¨i Rb¨
e‡bi Dw™¢` †K‡U Pv‡li Rwg ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡”Q| c„w_ex‡Z MvQcvjv I ebfwgi
cwigvY G Kvi‡Y w`b w`b Kg‡Q| ebfwg I MvQcvjv K‡g hvIqvi Rb¨ evqy‡Z
Kve©b WvBA·vB‡Wi cwigvY w`b w`b evo‡Q| RbmsL¨v e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_
hvbevnb, KjKviLvbv evo‡Q| hvbevnb, KjKviLvbvi †avuqv evqy‡Z Kve©b
WvBA·vB‡Wi cwigvY evwo‡q Zyj‡Q|
evqy‡Z Kve©b WvBA·vB‡Wi cwigvY hZ e„w× cv‡e evqyi DËvc ZZ evo‡Z
_vK‡e| weMZ eQi¸‡jv‡Z RbmsL¨v A‡bK †e‡o‡Q, hvbevnb, KjKviLvbvI
†e‡o‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K MvQcvjv, ebfwg K‡g‡Q| Gi d‡j evqy‡Z Kveb© WvBA·vB‡Wi
cwigvYI A‡bK e„w× †c‡q‡Q| evqy‡Z †ewk Kve©b WvBA·vBW _vKv‡Z evqyi
ZvcgvÎv A‡bK e„w× †c‡q‡Q| Mªxl¥Kv‡j G Kvi‡Y AvRKvj Mig A‡bK †ewk
AbyfZ nq| Ab¨w`‡K kxZKv‡j VvÛv Kg AbyfZ nq| ebfwg I MvQcvjv K‡g
†M‡j e„wócvZ K‡g hvq| Gi d‡j Rjevqy‡Z cwieZ©b n‡Z cv‡i|
GLb wbðqB eyS‡Z cviQ RbmsL¨v evo‡j Kxfv‡e AvenvIqv Ges Rjevqyi
cwieZ©b n‡Z cv‡i|
†Zvgiv †R‡bQ †h RbmsL¨v evo‡j KjKviLvbv ev‡o| KjKviLvbvi eR¨© ev †d‡j
†`Iqv wRwbm wewfbœfv‡e b`xbvjv Lvjwe‡ji cvwbi mv‡_ wg‡k cvwb `wlZ K‡i|
RbmsL¨vcwiwPwZ
cwi‡ek I cwi‡ek
: weÁvb 111

wPÎ: gvwU, cvwb I evqy `lY (KjKviLvbvi eR¨© Øviv)

gvwUi Dc‡i bvbv iKg Dw™¢` R‡›g gvwU‡K †X‡K iv‡L| gvwUi Dc‡i MvQcvjvi
AveiY _vK‡j gvwU mn‡R e„wócvZ, cvwb cÖevn, eb¨vq ¶q n‡q ay‡q hvq bv|
RbmsL¨v e„w×i Kvi‡Y †Kv‡bv A‡ji ebfwg MvQcvjv K‡g †M‡j †m A‡j fwg
¶q n‡q ay‡q hvq| gvwU ZLb Abye©i n‡q c‡o| Pvl K‡i dmj djv‡bv m¤¢e nq
bv| GQvov KjKviLvbvi eR©¨ gvwUi mv‡_ wg‡k gvwU `wlZ K‡i|
RbmsL¨v evo‡j cwi‡e‡ki Ici Kx Kx cÖwZwµqv nq †Zvgiv †R‡bQ| RbmsL¨v
evo‡j Zvi cÖfve Avgv‡`i Rxe‡bi wewfbœ †¶‡ÎI †`Lv hvq| Zywg †h we`¨vj‡q
coQ †m we`¨vjqI wKšÍz RbmsL¨v e„w×i cÖfvegy³ bq| D`vniY w`‡j welqwU
fv‡jvfv‡e eyS‡Z cvi‡e|
RbmsL¨v evo‡j Aí eqmx †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i msL¨vI ev‡o| Gme †Q‡j †g‡q‡`i
fwZ©i Rb¨ we`¨vjqMy‡jv‡Z ZLb fxlY wfo nq| A‡bK †Q‡j‡g‡q Zv‡`i
cQ›`gZ we`¨vj‡q fwZ© n‡Z cv‡i bv| we`¨vjq¸‡jv †ewk †Q‡j‡g‡q fwZ© Ki‡Z
eva¨ nq|
we`¨vj‡q †ewk †Q‡j‡g‡q fwZ© n‡j we`¨vj‡qI bvbv iKg Amyweavi m„wó nq| K¬v‡m
112 cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ : weÁvb

†Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i emvi RvqMvi Afve nq| RvqMv Kivi Rb¨ K¬v‡mi †e¸‡jv‡Z
wk¶v_x©iv Mv`vMvw` K‡i e‡m| †e‡Â eB LvZv †i‡L †jLvi RvqMv cvIqv hvq bv|
K¬v‡m QvÎQvÎx †ewk n‡j wk¶K‡`i cov‡ZI Amyweav nq| wk¶v_x©‡`i mevi cÖwZ
mgvb hZ wb‡Z cv‡i bv| G‡Z wk¶v_x©‡`i covïbvi ¶wZ nq|
we`¨vj‡q wk¶v_x©i msL¨v †ewk n‡j wk¶v_x©‡`i e¨eüZ wRwbmc‡Î A‡bK mgq
we`¨vjq Acwi®‹vi n‡q c‡o| we`¨vjq cwi®‹vi cwi”Qbœ ivLv KwVb n‡q c‡o|
Abykxjbx
K. mwVK DËiwU‡Z wUK wPý (√) `vI
1| Av`gïgvix KZ eQi ci ci nq ?
K) cuvP L) `k
M) c‡bi N) Kzwo
2| ebfwg I MvQcvjv K‡g †M‡j Kx nq ?
K) e„wócvZ ev‡o L) kx‡Z VvÛv ev‡o
M) ZvcgvÎv ev‡o N) Aw·‡Rb ev‡o
L. kb¨¯_vb ciY Ki
1| RbmsL¨v evo‡j ebfwg --------------- hvq|
2| evqy‡Z Aw·‡Rb I Kve©b WvBA·vB‡Wi AbycvZ wVK iv‡L----------|
3| KjKviLvbvi †auvqv -------------- `wlZ K‡i|
4| KjKviLvbvi eR¨© --------- I - --------- `wlZ K‡i|
M. msw¶ß DËi cÖkœ
1| evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨v KZ?
2| Av`gïgvix ej‡Z Kx eyS?
3| MvQcvjv I ebfwg K‡g †M‡j Kx nq †jL ?
4| evqy‡Z Aw·‡Rb I Kve©b WvBA·vB‡Wi AbycvZ Kxfv‡e wVK _v‡K †jL|
5| RbmsL¨v evo‡j cvwb Kxfv‡e `wlZ nq †jL ?
6| we`¨vj‡q †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i msL¨v evo‡j Kx Kx Amyweav nq D‡j−L Ki|