Scribd
Upload
56 views

Access Modifiers in Java (Compatibility Mode)

The document discusses the different access modifiers in Java - private, default, protected, and public. It provides examples of when each access modifier can be used and what level of access they allow. Private allows access only within the same class, default only within the same package, protected within the package and subclasses, and public is accessible everywhere. It also discusses how access modifiers can be used with methods, constructors, and classes, and how they affect overriding methods in subclasses.

Uploaded by

Neenu Prasannan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
56 views

Access Modifiers in Java (Compatibility Mode)

The document discusses the different access modifiers in Java - private, default, protected, and public. It provides examples of when each access modifier can be used and what level of access they allow. Private allows access only within the same class, default only within the same package, protected within the package and subclasses, and public is accessible everywhere. It also discusses how access modifiers can be used with methods, constructors, and classes, and how they affect overriding methods in subclasses.

Uploaded by

Neenu Prasannan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

Access Modifiers in java

Access Modifiers in java

• There are two types of modifiers in


java: access modifiers and non-access
modifiers.
• The access modifiers in java specifies
accessibility (scope) of a data member,
method, constructor or class.
There are 4 types of java access
modifiers:
• private
• default
• protected
• public

There are many non-access modifiers such as


static, abstract, synchronized, native, volatile,
transient etc. Here, we will learn access
modifiers.
private access modifier

• The private access modifier is accessible only


within class.
• Simple example of private access modifier

In this example, we have created two classes A


and Simple. A class contains private data
member and private method. We are
accessing these private members from outside
the class, so there is compile time error.
class A{
private int data=40;
private void msg(){System.out.println("Hello java");
}
}

public class Simple{


public static void main(String args[]){
A obj=new A();
System.out.println(obj.data);//Compile Time Error

obj.msg();//Compile Time Error


}
}
Role of Private Constructor
If you make any class constructor private, you
cannot create the instance of that class from
outside the class. For example:
class A{
private A(){}//private constructor
void msg(){System.out.println("Hello java");}
}
public class Simple{
public static void main(String args[]){
A obj=new A();//Compile Time Error
}
}
default access modifier
• If you don't use any modifier, it is treated
as default bydefault. The default modifier is
accessible only within package.
Example of default access modifier
• In this example, we have created two packages pack and mypack.
We are accessing the A class from outside its package, since A class
is not public, so it cannot be accessed from outside the package.
//save by A.java
package pack;
class A{
void msg(){System.out.println("Hello");}
}
//save by B.java
package mypack;
import pack.*;
class B{
public static void main(String args[]){
A obj = new A();//Compile Time Error
obj.msg();//Compile Time Error
}
}
3) protected access modifier

• The protected access modifier is accessible


within package and outside the package but
through inheritance only.
• The protected access modifier can be applied
on the data member, method and constructor.
It can't be applied on the class.
Example of protected access modifier
In this example, we have created the two
packages pack and mypack. The A class of
pack package is public, so can be accessed
from outside the package. But msg method of
this package is declared as protected, so it can
be accessed from outside the class only
through inheritance.
//save by A.java
package pack;
public class A{
protected void msg(){System.out.println("Hello");}
}
//save by B.java
package mypack;
import pack.*;

class B extends A{
public static void main(String args[]){
B obj = new B();
obj.msg();
}
}
Output:Hello
What is package
• A Java package is a technique for
organizing Java classes into namespaces
similar to the modules of Modula, providing
modular programming in Java. Java
packagescan be stored in compressed files
called JAR files, allowing classes to be
downloaded faster as groups rather than
individually.
public access modifier

• The public access modifier is accessible


everywhere. It has the widest scope among all
other modifiers.
Example of public access modifier
//save by A.java

package pack;
public class A{
public void msg(){System.out.println("Hello");}
}
//save by B.java

package mypack;
import pack.*;

class B{
public static void main(String args[]){
A obj = new A();
obj.msg();
}
}
Output:Hello
Understanding all java access
modifiers
Java access modifiers with method
overriding
If you are overriding any method, overridden method (i.e. declared in
subclass) must not be more restrictive.
class A{
protected void msg(){System.out.println("Hello java");}
}

public class Simple extends A{


void msg(){System.out.println("Hello java");}//C.T.Error
public static void main(String args[]){
Simple obj=new Simple();
obj.msg();
}
}
The default modifier is more restrictive than protected. That is why
there is compile time error.

You might also like