CSA212-
CSA212- DATA COMMUNICATION AND COMPUTER NETWORKS
Modulation
Modulation is the process of conveying a message signal, for example a digital bit
stream or an analog audio signal, inside another signal that can be physically
transmitted. So it is the process of varying one or more properties of a
periodic waveform, called the carrier signal,
signal, with a modulating signal that typically
contains information to be transmitted
In modulation a signal is mixed with a sinusoid to produce a new signal. This new
signal, conceivably, will have certain benefits over an un-modulated signal,
There are different techniques for doing this.
Amplitude modulation mixes a plain carrier wave with another data wave to change
the amplitude of the carrier wave.
Frequency modulation changes the frequency of the carrier wave to encode digital
data into the carrier wave. A fast frequency may stand for a one where a normal
frequency means zero. The most complicated type of modulation is analog
modulation that uses phase to encode data. This changes the wave's starting point
to encode data.
Faculty : Ani R, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Applications
CSA212-
CSA212- DATA COMMUNICATION AND COMPUTER NETWORKS
A modulator is a device
evice that performs modulation. A demodulator is a device that
performs demodulation,, the inverse of modulation.
modul A modem (from modulator–
modulator
demodulator) can perform both operations.
The process by which information is encoded into electrical signals for transmission
over a medium. Binary information, as
as represented by a series of 1s and 0s, must be
converted to analog or digital electrical signals for transmission. For analog
transmission over voice-grade
grade Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) lines,
this process is usually called “modulation,” and for
for transmission over digital lines, the
term “line coding” is often used instead.
Modulation forms the basis of the digital-to-analog
digital analog converter (DAC) component of an
analog modem. Modulation in modems allows digital binary information to be
received from a serial interface on a computer and modulated for transmission over
the voice-grade
grade PSTN telephone network.
There are 3 basic types of modulation: Amplitude modulation, Frequency
modulation, and Phase modulation.
Amplitude modulation
A type of modulation where the amplitude of the carrier signal is modulated
(changed) in proportion to the message signal while the frequency and phase are
kept constant.
Faculty : Ani R, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Applications
CSA212-
CSA212- DATA COMMUNICATION AND COMPUTER NETWORKS
Frequency modulation
A type of modulation where the frequency of the carrier signal is modulated
(changed) in proportion to the message signal while the amplitude and phase are
kept constant.
Phase modulation
A type of modulation where the phase of the carrier signal is varied accordance to
the low frequency of the message signal is known as
as phase modulation.
this sinusoid has 3 parameters that can be altered, to affect the shape of the graph.
The first term, A, is called the magnitude, or amplitude of the sinusoid. The next
term, is known as the frequency, and the last term, is known as the phase angle.
All 3 parameters can be altered to transmit data.
The sinusoidal signal that is used in the modulation is known as the carrier signal, or
simply "the carrier". The signal that is used in modulating the carrier signal(or
sinusoidal signal) is known as the "data signal" or the "message signal". It is
important to notice that a simple sinusoidal carrier contains no information of its own.
Another form of modulation, particularly useful in achieving high transmission
speeds, is known as phase modulation.
modulation. In this case each bit of data is represented
by a phase shift, relative to the previous phase of the carrier. For example, the
diagram below illustrates this concept, when a zero is encoded as a 90 degree
phase shift and a one by a 270 degree shift:
sh
The significant difference between phase modulation and the other two methods
considered earlier is that it is the change between one phase and another which
represents the data bit and not the actual frequencies involved
Faculty : Ani R, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Applications
CSA212-
CSA212- DATA COMMUNICATION AND COMPUTER NETWORKS
Faculty : Ani R, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Applications
CSA212-
CSA212- DATA COMMUNICATION AND COMPUTER NETWORKS
• Amplitude shift keying (ASK)
• Binary Frequency shift keying (BFSK)
• Binary Phase shift keying (BPSK)
Faculty : Ani R, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Applications
