Coding test 1

1 Array Game

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define ll long long int
using namespace std;

int main()
{
ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
cin.tie(NULL);
int n,m; cin>>n>>m; ll a[n],b[m],ans=0;
for(int i=0; i<n; i++) cin>>a[i];
for(int i=0; i<m; i++) cin>>b[i];
sort(a,a+n);
sort(b,b+m);
for(int i=0,j=m-1; i<n && j>=0; i++,j--){
if(a[i]<b[j]){
ans+=abs(a[i]-b[j]);
}
}
cout<<ans;
return 0;
}

2 Tourist
import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;

public class MainA

{
static InputReader in;
static PrintWriter out;
static int[][] g;
static int[] sub;
static int[] big;
static long ans;
static int K;
static int n;
static SegmentTree seg;
static int[] val;
static int maxX;
static int maxY;

public static class SegmentTree{

int st[];

SegmentTree(int n) {
st = new int[4*n];
}

public int getMid(int s, int e) {

return (s+e)>>1;
}

public int merge(int a,int b){

return Math.max(a, b);
}

public void update(int s, int e, int x, int y, int c, int si){

if(s == x && e == y){
st[si] = c;
}
else{
 int mid = getMid(s, e);
if(y <= mid)
update(s, mid, x, y, c, 2*si);
else if(x > mid)
update(mid + 1, e, x ,y ,c ,2*si + 1);
else{
update(s, mid, x, mid, c, 2*si);
update(mid + 1, e, mid + 1, y, c, 2*si + 1);
}
st[si] = merge(st[2*si],st[2*si+1]);
}
}

public int get(int s, int e, int x, int y, int si){

if(s == x && e == y){

return st[si];
}
int mid = getMid(s, e);
if(y <= mid)
return get(s, mid, x, y, 2*si);
else if(x > mid)
return get(mid + 1, e, x, y, 2*si + 1);
return merge(get(s, mid, x, mid, 2*si), get(mid + 1, e, mid + 1, y, 2*si + 1));
}

public static void dfs(int u,int p){

sub[u] = 1;
for(int v : g[u]){
if(v == p) continue;
 dfs(v,u);
sub[u] += sub[v];
}
}

static void add(int u,int p,int x){

seg.update(0, n - 1, u, u, x == 1? val[u]: 0, 1);
for(int v: g[u])
if(big[v] != 1 && v != p)
add(v, u, x);
}

static void trick(int u,int p,boolean k){

int mx = -1, b = 0;
for(int v: g[u]){
if(v == p) continue;
if(sub[v]>mx){
mx = sub[v];
b = v;
}
}

for(int v: g[u])
if(b != v && v != p)
trick(v,u,false);

if(mx != -1){
big[b] = 1;
trick(b,u,true);
}

add(u, p, 1);
 if(u < K) {
val[u] = u == 0? 0: seg.get(0, n - 1, 0, u - 1, 1);
val[u]++;
}
else if(u > K) {
val[u] = u == n - 1? 0: seg.get(0, n - 1, u + 1, n - 1, 1);
val[u]++;
}
//debug(u,val[u]);
seg.update(0, n - 1, u, u, val[u], 1);
if(p == K) {
int x = (K == 0)? 0: seg.get(0, n - 1, 0, K - 1, 1);
int y = (K == n - 1)? 0: seg.get(0, n - 1, K + 1, n - 1, 1);
ans = Math.max(ans, maxX + y);
ans = Math.max(ans, maxY + x);
maxX = Math.max(maxX, x);
maxY = Math.max(maxY, y);
}

if(mx != -1) big[b] = 0;

if(!k) add(u, p, 0);
}

public static void solve()

{

InputReader in = new InputReader(System.in);

PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(System.out);

n = in.nextInt();
K = in.nextInt() - 1;
sub = new int[n];
 big = new int[n];
val = new int[n];
int[] u = new int[n - 1];
int[] v = new int[n - 1];
seg = new SegmentTree(n);

for(int i = 0;i < n - 1; i++){

u[i] = in.nextInt() - 1;
v[i] = in.nextInt() - 1;
}
g = graph(u, v, n);
dfs(K, -1);
trick(K, -1, false);

ans = Math.max(ans, maxX);

ans = Math.max(ans, maxY);
ans++;
out.println(ans);

out.close();
}

static int[][] graph(int from[], int to[], int n)

{
int g[][] = new int[n][];
int cnt[] = new int[n];
for (int i = 0; i < from.length; i++) {
cnt[from[i]]++;
cnt[to[i]]++;
}
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
g[i] = new int[cnt[i]];
 }
Arrays.fill(cnt, 0);
for (int i = 0; i < from.length; i++) {
g[from[i]][cnt[from[i]]++] = to[i];
g[to[i]][cnt[to[i]]++] = from[i];
}
return g;
}

public static void main(String[] args)

{
new Thread(null ,new Runnable(){
public void run()
{
try{
solve();
} catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
},"1",1<<26).start();
}

static class Pair implements Comparable<Pair>

{

int x,y;
int l,r;

Pair (int x, int y, int l, int r)

{
this.x = x;
 this.y = y;
this.l = l;
this.r = r;
}

public int compareTo(Pair o)

{
if(this.l == o.l)
return Integer.compare(this.r, o.r);
return Integer.compare(this.l, o.l);
}

@Override
public String toString()
{
return x + " "+ y + " "+l + " " + r;
}

static void debug(Object... o)

{
System.out.println(Arrays.deepToString(o));
}

static class InputReader

{

private final InputStream stream;

private final byte[] buf = new byte[8192];
private int curChar, snumChars;
private SpaceCharFilter filter;
public InputReader(InputStream stream)
{
this.stream = stream;
}

public int snext()

{
if (snumChars == -1)
throw new InputMismatchException();
if (curChar >= snumChars)
{
curChar = 0;
try
{
snumChars = stream.read(buf);
} catch (IOException e)
{
throw new InputMismatchException();
}
if (snumChars <= 0)
return -1;
}
return buf[curChar++];
}

public int nextInt()

{
int c = snext();
while (isSpaceChar(c))
{
c = snext();
 }
int sgn = 1;
if (c == '-')
{
sgn = -1;
c = snext();
}
int res = 0;
do
{
if (c < '0' || c > '9')
throw new InputMismatchException();
res *= 10;
res += c - '0';
c = snext();
} while (!isSpaceChar(c));
return res * sgn;
}

public long nextLong()

{
int c = snext();
while (isSpaceChar(c))
{
c = snext();
}
int sgn = 1;
if (c == '-')
{
sgn = -1;
c = snext();
}
 long res = 0;
do
{
if (c < '0' || c > '9')
throw new InputMismatchException();
res *= 10;
res += c - '0';
c = snext();
} while (!isSpaceChar(c));
return res * sgn;
}

public int[] nextIntArray(int n)

{
int a[] = new int[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
a[i] = nextInt();
}
return a;
}

public long[] nextLongArray(int n)

{
long a[] = new long[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
a[i] = nextLong();
}
return a;
}
public String readString()
{
int c = snext();
while (isSpaceChar(c))
{
c = snext();
}
StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
do
{
res.appendCodePoint(c);
c = snext();
} while (!isSpaceChar(c));
return res.toString();
}

public String nextLine()

{
int c = snext();
while (isSpaceChar(c))
c = snext();
StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
do
{
res.appendCodePoint(c);
c = snext();
} while (!isEndOfLine(c));
return res.toString();
}

public boolean isSpaceChar(int c)

{
 if (filter != null)
return filter.isSpaceChar(c);
return c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == '\t' || c == -1;
}

private boolean isEndOfLine(int c)

{
return c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == -1;
}

public interface SpaceCharFilter

{
public boolean isSpaceChar(int ch);
}

}
}

Coding test 2
1. Acche Din

import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;

public class TestClass {

public static void main(String args[] ) throws Exception {
BufferedReader input = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
int t = Integer.parseInt(input.readLine());
while(t-- > 0){
int n = Integer.parseInt(input.readLine());
StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(input.readLine()," ");
int [] a = new int[n];
for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
a[i] = Integer.parseInt(st.nextToken());
}
int once =0;
int twice =0;
 for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
twice = twice | once&a[i];
once = once^a[i];
int common = once&twice;
once = once & (~common);
twice = twice & (~common);
}
System.out.println(once);
}
input.close();
}
}

CODING TEST 3
1 RECTANGULAR AREA
import java.util.Stack;

public class RectArea

{
// The main function to find the maximum rectangular area under given
// histogram with n bars
static int getMaxArea(int hist[], int n)
{
// Create an empty stack. The stack holds indexes of hist[] array
// The bars stored in stack are always in increasing order of their
// heights.
Stack<Integer> s = new Stack<>();

int max_area = 0; // Initialize max area

int tp; // To store top of stack
int area_with_top; // To store area with top bar as the smallest bar

// Run through all bars of given histogram

int i = 0;
while (i < n)
{
// If this bar is higher than the bar on top stack, push it to stack
if (s.empty() || hist[s.peek()] <= hist[i])
s.push(i++);

// If this bar is lower than top of stack, then calculate area of rectangle
// with stack top as the smallest (or minimum height) bar. 'i' is
// 'right index' for the top and element before top in stack is 'left index'
else
{
tp = s.peek(); // store the top index
s.pop(); // pop the top
 // Calculate the area with hist[tp] stack as smallest bar
area_with_top = hist[tp] * (s.empty() ? i : i - s.peek() - 1);

// update max area, if needed

if (max_area < area_with_top)
max_area = area_with_top;
}
}

// Now pop the remaining bars from stack and calculate area with every
// popped bar as the smallest bar
while (s.empty() == false)
{
tp = s.peek();
s.pop();
area_with_top = hist[tp] * (s.empty() ? i : i - s.peek() - 1);

if (max_area < area_with_top)

max_area = area_with_top;
}

return max_area;

// Driver program to test above function

public static void main(String[] args)
{
int hist[] = { 6, 2, 5, 4, 5, 1, 6 };
System.out.println(getMaxArea(hist, hist.length));
}
}

2. SUMITA AND EQUAL ARRAY

#include<stdio.h>
int gcd(int a,int b)
{
if(a==0)
{
return b;
}
return gcd(b%a,a);
}
int main()
{
int t,i,n,x,y,z,arr[100000],j,a;
scanf("%d",&t);
for(i=0;i<=t-1;i++)
{int count=0;
scanf("%d %d %d %d",&n,&x,&y,&z);
for(j=0;j<=n-1;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&arr[j]);
if(j==0)
{
a=arr[j];
}
else
a=gcd(a,arr[j]);
}
for(j=0;j<=n-1;j++)
{arr[j]=arr[j]/a;
while(arr[j]%x==0)
{
arr[j]=arr[j]/x;
}
while(arr[j]%y==0)
{
arr[j]=arr[j]/y;
}
while(arr[j]%z==0)
{
arr[j]=arr[j]/z;
}
if(arr[j]>1)
{
count++;
break;
}
}
if(count==0)
{
printf("She can\n");
}
else
{
printf("She can't\n");
}
}
return 0;
}

3. RANK LIST

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;

//import for Scanner and other utility classes

import java.util.*;

public class TestClass {

public static void main(String args[] ) throws Exception {
//BufferedReader
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
String line = br.readLine();
int N = Integer.parseInt(line);

LinkedList<Student> list = new LinkedList();

 for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
String[] split = br.readLine().split(" ");
list.add(new Student(split[0], Integer.parseInt(split[1]), Integer.parseInt(split[2])));
}

Collections.sort(list, new Comparator<Student>() {

@Override
public int compare(Student s1, Student s2) {
int c = s2.marks-(s1.marks);

if(c==0) {
c = s1.name.compareTo(s2.name);
}
if(c==0) {
c= s1.scholar-(s2.scholar);
}

return c;
}
});

for(Student s: list)
System.out.println(s);
}
}

class Student {
String name;
int scholar;
int marks;
public Student(String name, int scholar, int marks){
this.name = name;
this.scholar = scholar;
this.marks = marks;
}

public String toString() {

return this.name+" "+this.scholar+" "+this.marks;
}

@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if(this==o)
return true;

if(o instanceof Student) {

Student tmp = (Student) o;
if(name.equals(tmp.name) && scholar == tmp.scholar)
return true;
}

return false;
}

@Override
public int hashCode()
{
final int prime = 31;
int result = 1;
result = prime * scholar;
 result = prime * (name.hashCode()) + result;
return result;
}
}

CODING TEST 4

1. Capital of hills
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

typedef long long int ll;

typedef long double ld;
typedef unsigned long long ull;
typedef vector<ll> vl;
typedef vector<vl> vvl;
typedef pair<ll,ll> pll;
typedef vector<pll> vpll;

#define ff first
#define ss second
#define pb push_back
#define mp make_pair
#define mt make_tuple
#define eb emplace_back
#define fr(i,n) for(ll i = 0; i < n; ++i)
#define frs(i,s,n) for(ll i = s; i < n; ++i)
#define frb(i,s,e) for(ll i = s; i <= e; ++i)
#define rfr(i,n) for(ll i = n-1; i >= 0; i--)
#define frbr(i,e,s) for(ll i = e; i >= s; i--)
#define all(x) (x).begin(), (x).end()
#define sz(x) ((ll)(x).size())

template <typename A, typename B>

string to_string(pair<A, B> p);

template <typename A, typename B, typename C>

string to_string(tuple<A, B, C> p);

template <typename A, typename B, typename C, typename D>

string to_string(tuple<A, B, C, D> p);

string to_string(const string& s)

{
return '"' + s + '"';
}

string to_string(const char* s)

{
return to_string((string) s);
}

string to_string(bool b)
{
return (b ? "true" : "false");
}

string to_string(vector<bool> v)
{
bool first = true;
string res = "{";
for(int i = 0; i < static_cast<int>(v.size()); i++)
{
if(!first)
res += ", ";
first = false;
res += to_string(v[i]);
}
res += "}";
return res;
}

template <size_t N>

string to_string(bitset<N> v)
{
string res = "";
for(size_t i = 0; i < N; i++)
res += static_cast<char>('0' + v[i]);
return res;
}

template <typename A>

string to_string(A v)
{
bool first = true;
string res = "{";
for(const auto &x : v)
{
if(!first)
res += ", ";
first = false;
res += to_string(x);
}
res += "}";
return res;
}
template <typename A, typename B>
string to_string(pair<A, B> p)
{
return "(" + to_string(p.first) + ", " + to_string(p.second) + ")";
}

template <typename A, typename B, typename C>

string to_string(tuple<A, B, C> p)
{
return "(" + to_string(get<0>(p)) + ", " + to_string(get<1>(p)) + ", " + to_string(get<2>(p)) +
")";
}

template <typename A, typename B, typename C, typename D>

string to_string(tuple<A, B, C, D> p)
{
return "(" + to_string(get<0>(p)) + ", " + to_string(get<1>(p)) + ", " + to_string(get<2>(p)) +
", " + to_string(get<3>(p)) + ")";
}

void debugOut() { cerr << "]\n"; }

template <typename Head, typename... Tail>

void debugOut(Head H, Tail... T)
{
cerr << to_string(H);
if(sizeof...(T))
cerr << ", ";
debugOut(T...);
}

clock_t start_time = clock();

double getCurrentTime()
{
return ((double)(clock() - start_time)) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC;
}

#ifdef LOCAL
#define dbg(...) {cerr << "[" << #__VA_ARGS__ << "] = [", debugOut(__VA_ARGS__);}
#define dbg_arr(a,n) {cerr << "[" << #a << "] = [ "; fr(i,n) cerr << a[i] << " "; cerr << "]\n";}
#define dbg_mat(m,r,c) {cerr << "[" << #m << "]:\n"; fr(i,r) {cerr << "[ "; fr(j,c) cerr << m[i][j]
<< " "; cerr << "]\n";}}
#define dbg_time() {cerr << "\n" << "Time elapsed: " << getCurrentTime() << "\n\n\n";}
#else
#define dbg(x...) {}
#define dbg_arr(a,n) {}
#define dbg_mat(m,r,c) {}
#define dbg_time() {}
#endif
const ld PI = acos(-1);
const ld EPS = 1e-9;
const ll INF = 1e18;
const ll SINF = 1e9;
const ll MOD = 1e9+7; // 998244353;
const ll MAX = 100100;

void pre()
{
// factorizer::sieve();
// prepare_factorials();
}

void solve()
{
ll n; cin >> n;
ll arr[n];
fr(i, n)
cin>>arr[i];
vl temp(n, 0);
ll ans = 0;
stack < ll > st; // stictly decreasing
fr(i, n)
{
if(st.empty())
st.push(i);
else
{
while(!st.empty() && (arr[i] >= arr[st.top()]))
{
if(arr[i] == arr[st.top()]) // equal towards left
{
temp[i] = temp[st.top()] + 1;
ans += temp[i];
}
else // less towards left
ans += temp[st.top()] + 1;
st.pop();
}
// high towards left
if(!st.empty())
ans++;
st.push(i);
}
}
cout << ans << "\n";
}
 signed main()
{
ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
cin.tie(0); cout.tie(0);

// cout << fixed << setprecision(15);

#ifdef LOCAL
freopen("input.txt", "r", stdin);
freopen("output.txt", "w", stdout);
#endif

pre();

ll t = 1;
// cin >> t;
frb(CASE, 1, t)
{
// cout << "Case #" << CASE << ": ";
// dbg(CASE);
solve();
}

dbg_time();

return 0;
}

2. MAGIC SQUARE

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

int cal(vector<vector<int>> m,vector<vector<int>> s)
{
int i,j,corr=0;
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
if(m[i][j]!=s[i][j])
 {
corr+=abs(m[i][j]-s[i][j]);
}
}
}
return corr;
}
vector<vector<int>> tran(vector<vector<int>> s)
{
vector<vector<int>> ans(s.begin(),s.end());
int i,j;
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
ans[i][j]=(s[j][i]);
}
}
return ans;
}
// Complete the formingMagicSquare function below.
int formingMagicSquare(vector<vector<int>> s)
{
vector<vector<int>> m1={{2,7,6},{9,5,1},{4,3,8}};
vector<vector<int>> m2={{6,1,8},{7,5,3},{2,9,4}};
vector<vector<int>> m3={{8,3,4},{1,5,9},{6,7,2}};
vector<vector<int>> m4={{4,9,2},{3,5,7},{8,1,6}};
int ans;
ans=cal(m4,s);
ans=min(ans,cal(tran(m4),s));
ans=min(ans,cal(m3,s));
ans=min(ans,cal(tran(m3),s));
 ans=min(ans,cal(m2,s));
ans=min(ans,cal(tran(m2),s));
ans=min(ans,cal(m1,s));
ans=min(ans,cal(tran(m1),s));

return ans;
}

int main()
{
vector<vector<int>> s(3);
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
s[i].resize(3);

for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {

cin >> s[i][j];
}

int result = formingMagicSquare(s);

cout << result << "\n";

return 0;
}

3. MANCUNIAN AND FANTABOLOUS PAIR

import sys

def numFab(arr, n):

rights = [-1] * n
lefts = [-1] * n

st = [n - 1]
for i in range(n - 2, -1, -1):
while st and arr[st[-1]] < arr[i]:
st.pop()

if st:
rights[i] = st[-1]

st.append(i)

st =[0]

for i in range(1, n, 1):

while st and arr[st[-1]] < arr[i]:
st.pop()

if st:
lefts[i] = st[-1]

st.append(i)

res = [0] * n

for i in range(n):
if rights[i] != -1:
res[rights[i] - i] = max([res[rights[i] - i], i - lefts[i]])

return sum(res)
n = int(input())
arr = list(map(int, sys.stdin.readline().split()))

if n <= 1:
print(0)

else:
count = numFab(arr, n)
print(count)

CODING TEST 5

1. AKSHI_PROBLEM

T = int(input())
for p in range (T):
N = int(input())
A = [int (x) for x in reversed(list(map(int, input().split())))]
for i in range (N):
print(A[i], end=' ')
print()

2. VOWEL RECOGNITION

#include<iostream>
#include<string>

using namespace std;

#define int long long

int32_t main()
{
int t;
cin>>t;

while(t--)
{
string s;
cin>>s;

int dp[s.length()];
int sum = 0;
for(int i = 0; i<s.length(); i++)
{
if(i==0)
dp[i]=s.length();
else
dp[i] = dp[i-1]+s.length()-(2*i);

for(int i = 0; i<s.length(); i++)

{
if(s[i]=='a' || s[i]=='A' || s[i]=='e' || s[i]=='E' || s[i]=='i' || s[i]=='I' || s[i]=='o' || s[i]=='O' ||
s[i]=='u' || s[i]=='U' )
{
sum = sum + dp[i];
}
}

cout<<sum<<"\n";

}
 return 0;
}

CODING TEST 6

1. BALANCED STRINGS

from sys import stdin

from collections import Counter

def balanced_strings():
for _ in range(int(stdin.readline())):
string = stdin.readline().strip()
xor = 0
A = [0]
for i in string:
xor = xor ^ (1<<(ord(i)-97))
A.append(xor)
counter = Counter(A)
yield sum(map(lambda n: n*(n-1)//2,counter.values()))

def main():
print(*balanced_strings(),sep = "\n")

if __name__ == "__main__":
main()

2. SORT NUMBERS

import java.util.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class ArrayListDescendingSort {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int n,t;
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
n=sc.nextInt();
ArrayList<Integer> arraylist = new ArrayList<Integer>();
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
{
t=sc.nextInt();
arraylist.add(t);
}

/* Sorting in decreasing (descending) order*/

Collections.sort(arraylist, Collections.reverseOrder());

/* Sorted List in reverse order*/

for(Integer str: arraylist){

System.out.println(str);
}
}
}

CODING TEST 7

2 SUMITA AND EQUAL ARRAY

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#define ll long long
int main()
{
ios::sync_with_stdio(0);
 cin.tie(0);
ll t;
cin>>t;
while(t--)
{
int x,y,z,n;
cin>>n>>x>>y>>z;

int b=0;
int flag=1;
for(int i=0; i<n; i++)
{
int a;
cin>>a;
while(a%x==0) a/=x;

while(a%y==0) a/=y;

while(a%z==0) a/=z;

if(i>1&&a!=b)
{
flag=0;
// break;
}

b=a;
}

if(flag)
cout<<"She can"<<endl;
else
cout<<"She can't"<<endl;

return 0;
}

CODING TEST 8
1. LIFE MATRIX

'''
# Sample code to perform I/O:
name = input() # Reading input from STDIN
print('Hi, %s.' % name) # Writing output to STDOUT

# Warning: Printing unwanted or ill-formatted data to output will cause the test cases to fail
'''
from collections import deque
def counter(matrix,next_to_visit,list_1,N,M):
counter = 0
waiting = deque([1])
while waiting:
counter += 1
waiting = deque()
while next_to_visit:
i,j = next_to_visit.popleft()
for m,n in [(i+1,j),(i,j-1),(i,j+1),(i-1,j)]:
if 0<=m<N and 0<=n<M:
if matrix[m][n] == 1:
matrix[m][n] = 2
waiting.append((m,n))
list_1 -= 1
next_to_visit = waiting
if list_1:
return -1
return counter-1

N,M = map(int,input().split())
matrix = list()
next_to_visit = deque()
list_1 = 0
for i in range(N):
try:
matrix.append(list(map(int,input().split())))
 except EOFError:
continue

for i in range(0,N):
for j in range(0,M):
try:
if matrix[i][j] == 2:
next_to_visit.append((i,j))
elif matrix[i][j] == 1:
list_1 += 1
except IndexError:
pass

try:
print(counter(matrix,next_to_visit,list_1,N,M))
except IndexError:
print(999)

2. CAPITAL OF HILLS

'''
# Sample code to perform I/O:

name = input() # Reading input from STDIN

print('Hi, %s.' % name) # Writing output to STDOUT

# Warning: Printing unwanted or ill-formatted data to output will cause the test cases to fail
'''

# Write your code here

n = int(input())
total = 0
previous = None
total_smaller = 0
stack = []
for x in input().split():
count = 0
num = int(x)
while stack:
if stack[-1][0] < num:
count += stack.pop()[1]
else:
break

if stack:
if stack[-1][0] == num:
count += stack[-1][1]
stack[-1][1] += 1
if len(stack)>1:
count += 1
else:
count += 1
stack.append([num,1])
else:
stack.append([num,1])
total += count
#print(stack)
print(total)

CODING TEST 9

1. NITISH AND PILLARS

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define int long long
#define fast() ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0);cin.tie(0)
#define all(x) x.begin(),x.end()
#define pb push_back
int32_t main()
{int n,i,cur,q,l,r,x;
stack<int> stk;
fast();
cin>>n;
vector<int> a(n),v[n],nge(n);
for(i=0;i<n;++i)
cin>>a[i];
for(i=0;i<n;++i)
{while(!stk.empty() && a[stk.top()]<a[i])
nge[stk.top()]=i,stk.pop();
stk.push(i);
}
while(!stk.empty())
nge[stk.top()]=-1,stk.pop();
/*for(auto x:nge)
cout<<x<<" ";
cout<<"\n";
*/
for(i=0;i<n;++i)
{cur=i;
while(cur!=-1 && nge[cur]<n)
v[i].pb(cur),cur=nge[cur];
v[i].pb(n);
}
 /*cout<<"\n";
for(i=0;i<n;++i)
{cout<<i<<": ";
for(auto x:v[i])
cout<<x<<" ";
cout<<"\n";
}*/
cin>>q;
for(;q;--q)
{cin>>l>>r;
x=upper_bound(all(v[l]),r)-v[l].begin();
cout<<x<<"\n";
}
return 0;
}

2. CAN YOU SOLVE IT

'''
# Sample code to perform I/O:

name = input() # Reading input from STDIN

print('Hi, %s.' % name) # Writing output to STDOUT

# Warning: Printing unwanted or ill-formatted data to output will cause the test cases to fail
'''

def find(arr, n):

l1 = [v-i for i, v in enumerate(arr)]
l2 = [v+i for i, v in enumerate(arr)]
return max(max(l1) - min(l1), max(l2) - min(l2))
if __name__ == "__main__":
for i in range(int(input())):
n = int(input())
l = list(map(int, input().split()))

print(find(l, n))

CODING TEST 10

1. WRONG BALL

import java.util.*;
import java.lang.*;
import java.io.*;

public class GFG {

public static void main (String[] args) {
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
int t = scan.nextInt();
while(t-- > 0){
String s = scan.next();
int c=0;
for(int i=0;i<s.length();i++){
if(i%2 == 1 && s.charAt(i)=='R')
c++;
else if(i%2 == 0 && s.charAt(i)=='B')
c++;
}
System.out.println(c);
}
}
}
 2. BALANCED STRINGS
from sys import stdin
from collections import Counter

def balanced_strings():
for _ in range(int(stdin.readline())):
string = stdin.readline().strip()
xor = 0
A = [0]
for i in string:
xor = xor ^ (1<<(ord(i)-97))
A.append(xor)
counter = Counter(A)
yield sum(map(lambda n: n*(n-1)//2,counter.values()))

def main():
print(*balanced_strings(),sep = "\n")

if __name__ == "__main__":
main()