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CAB Class On OS

This document provides information about operating systems, including what they are, how they work, common types, and features. An operating system acts as an interface between the computer hardware and user, managing processes, memory, I/O devices, security, and more. The kernel is the core of the OS and manages communication with hardware, while the shell provides a user interface. Popular operating systems include Windows, Linux, and Mac OS, each with certain market shares.

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Riyadul Islam Mollick
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71 views31 pages

CAB Class On OS

This document provides information about operating systems, including what they are, how they work, common types, and features. An operating system acts as an interface between the computer hardware and user, managing processes, memory, I/O devices, security, and more. The kernel is the core of the OS and manages communication with hardware, while the shell provides a user interface. Popular operating systems include Windows, Linux, and Mac OS, each with certain market shares.

Uploaded by

Riyadul Islam Mollick
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPSX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Application in Business

Course Code : BUS 2103


Credits : 3.0
What is Operating System?
 An Operating System (OS) is an interface between a
computer user and computer hardware.
 An operating system is the most important software
that runs on a computer. It manages the computer's
memory and processes, as well as all of its software and
hardware (Peripherals).
 It also allows us to communicate with the computer
without knowing how to speak the computer's
language.
 Without an operating system, a computer is useless.
 Now a days Popular Operating Systems are Linux
Operating System and Windows Operating System.
How Operating System works?
How Operating System works?
How Operating System works?
How Operating System works?
How Operating System works?
How Operating System works?
Services of Operating System

Following are the common services provided by an operating system:

Program execution
I/O operations
File system manipulation
Communication
Error detection
Resource allocation
&
Protection
Services of Operating System

Program Execution

An operating system must be able to load multiple activities into the memory
and to run it. OS must be able to end its execution, either normally or
abnormally.

A process includes the complete execution of the written program or code.


There are some of the activities which are performed by the operating system:
o The operating system Loads program into memory
o It Handles the program’s execution
o It Provides a mechanism for process synchronization
o It Provides a mechanism for process communication
Services of Operating System

I/O Operations

The communication between the user and devices drivers are managed by
the operating system.
Operating system give the access to the I/O devices when it required.
Services of Operating System

File system manipulation

Programs need to read and write a file. The operating system gives an
access to the program for performing an operation on the file.
The user can create/delete a file by using an interface provided by the
operating system.
The backup of the file system can be created by using an interface provided
by the operating system.
Services of Operating System

Communication

The operating system manages communication between all the processes.


Multiple processes can communicate with every process through
communication lines in the network. There are some major activities that are
carried by an operating system with respect to communication.
• Two processes may require data to be transferred between the process.
• Both the processes can be on one computer or a different computer, but are
connected through a computer network.
Services of Operating System

Error Handling

An error is one of the part of a system that may cause malfunctioning of the
complete system. The operating system constantly monitors the system for
detecting errors to avoid some situations. The error may occur anywhere in the
computer system like in CPU, in I/O devices or in the memory hardware. There
are some activities that are performed by an operating system:
• The OS continuously checks for the possible errors.
• The OS takes an appropriate action to correct errors and consistent
computing.
Services of Operating System

Resource management

When there are multiple users or multiple jobs running at the same time
resources must be allocated to each of them. There are some major activities
that are performed by an operating system:
• The OS manages all kinds of resources using schedulers.
• CPU scheduling algorithm is used for better utilization of CPU.
Services of Operating System

Protection

When several disjoints processes execute concurrently it should not be possible


for any process to interfere with another process. Every process in the computer
system must be secured and controlled.
How Operating System Works?
Kernel
What is a Kernel?

The kernel is the central component of a computer operating systems. The


only job performed by the kernel is to manage the communication between
software and hardware.
Shell
What is a Shell?
While the Kernel is the innermost part of an operating system, a shell is the
outermost one.
A shell is simply a software that gives a user interface to various operating
system functions and services. So, in layman words ”Your interface to
operating system is called shell”. Shells provide a way for you to
communicate with the operating system.
Kernel
OS Karnel Failure!
How Kernel & Shell Works
Types of Operating System
Features of Operating System
Features of Operating System

Process Management

The program execution is managed effectively by the operating system


without any overlapping or time delay. The management of the
process supports OS to provide mechanism to communicate and
synchronize within multiple processes.
Features of Operating System

I/O Operations Management

OS can effectively handle I/O operations to hide the peculiar behavior


of hardware from the end-user.
Features of Operating System

Security Management

The information and confidential data stored in the system is


protected by the operating system. The operating system acts as
supervisor and gives the system a strongly protected firewall.
Features of Operating System

Disk Management

OS permits disk access to manage files systems, file system device


drivers and related activities of files like retrieval, naming, sharing,
storage and protection of files.
Features of Operating System

Device Management

The device and printer controlling are managed by an operating


system by permitting a correct flow. Disk management is performed to
track all hardware connected to the system and also the resource
utilized by different jobs and users. It is one of the responsible for the
I/O controller.
Features of Operating System

Storage and Memory Management

OS performs memory management and virtual memory multitasking.


The need for memory management in OS is to allocate and de-allocate
memory space to process in demand of resources or if they are
running out of memory that leads to alerts called file system and disk
space is high or full. The operating system can do resource allocation
and prevent the system from overloading.
Features of Operating System

Loading and Execution

A process includes the complete execution of the written program or


code. There are some of the activities which are performed by the
operating system: The operating system Loads program into memory.
It also Executes the program. It Handles the program's execution.
Examples of Operating System with Market Share

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