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MIPS Reference Sheet For FIT1008 and FIT2085

The document provides reference sheets for MIPS system calls, general-purpose registers, assembler directives, and function calling conventions. It also lists common MIPS instructions and their operations. Key information includes system calls for input/output, memory allocation, and program exit. General-purpose registers are identified along with their purposes. Common assembler directives and the function calling process are outlined. Finally, the instruction set includes arithmetic, logical, shift, branch, memory, and system call instructions.

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Alireza Kafaei
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373 views2 pages

MIPS Reference Sheet For FIT1008 and FIT2085

The document provides reference sheets for MIPS system calls, general-purpose registers, assembler directives, and function calling conventions. It also lists common MIPS instructions and their operations. Key information includes system calls for input/output, memory allocation, and program exit. General-purpose registers are identified along with their purposes. Common assembler directives and the function calling process are outlined. Finally, the instruction set includes arithmetic, logical, shift, branch, memory, and system call instructions.

Uploaded by

Alireza Kafaei
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MIPS reference sheet for FIT1008 and FIT2085

Table 1: System calls


Call code Service Arguments Returns Notes
($v0)
1 Print integer $a0 = value to print - value is signed
4 Print string $a0 = address of string to print - string must be termi-
nated with ’\0’
5 Input integer - $v0 = entered integer value is signed
8 Input string $a0 = address at which the – returns if $a1-1 char-
string will be stored acters or Enter typed,
$a1 = maximum number of the string is termi-
characters in the string nated with ’\0’
9 Allocate memory $a0 = number of bytes $v0 = address of first byte -
10 Exit - - ends simulation

Table 2: General-purpose registers


Number Name Purpose
R00 $zero provides constant zero
R01 $at reserved for assembler
R02, R03 $v0, $v1 system call code, return value
R04–R07 $a0--$a3 system call and function arguments
R08–R15 $t0--$t7 temporary storage (caller-saved)
R16–R23 $s0--$s7 temporary storage (callee-saved)
R24, R25 $t8, $t9 temporary storage (caller-saved)
R28 $gp pointer to global area
R29 $sp stack pointer
R30 $fp frame pointer
R31 $ra return address

Table 3: Assembler directives


.data assemble into data segment
.text assemble into text (code) segment
.word w1[, w2, ...] allocate word(s) with initial value(s)
.space n allocate n bytes of uninitialized, unaligned space
.ascii ”string” allocate ASCII string, do not terminate
.asciiz ”string” allocate ASCII string, terminate with ’\0’

Table 4: Function calling convention


Caller: Callee:
saves temporary registers on stack saves value of $ra on stack
On function call: passes arguments on stack saves value of $fp on stack
calls function using jal fn label copies $sp to $fp
allocates local variables on stack

Callee: Caller:
sets $v0 to return value clears arguments off stack
clears local variables off stack restores temporary registers off stack
On function return:
restores saved $fp off stack uses return value in $v0
restores saved $ra off stack
returns to caller with jr $ra
Table 5: A partial instruction set is provided below. The following conventions apply.
Instruction Format column
Rsrc, Rsrc1, Rsrc2: register source operand(s) - must be the name of a register
Rdest: register destination - must be the name of a register
Addr: address in the form offset(Rsrc), that is, absolute address = Rsrc + offset
label: label of an instruction
**: pseudoinstruction
Immediate Form column
Associated instruction where Rsrc2 is an immediate. Symbol - appears if there is no immediate form.
Unsigned or overflow column
Associated unsigned (or overflow) instruction for the values of Rsrc1 and Rsrc2. Symbol - if no such form.

Table 6: Allowed MIPS instruction (and pseudoinstruction) set


Instruction format Meaning Operation Immediate Unsigned or Overflow
add Rdest, Rsrc1, Rsrc2 Add Rdest = Rsrc1 + Rsrc2 addi addu (no overflow trap)
sub Rdest, Rsrc1, Rsrc2 Subtract Rdest = Rsrc1 - Rsrc2 - subu (no overflow trap)
mult Rsrc1, Rsrc2 Multiply Hi:Lo = Rsrc1 * Rsrc2 - mulu
div Rsrc1, Rsrc2 Divide Lo = Rsrc1/Rsrc2; - divu
Hi = Rsrc1 % Rsrc2
and Rdest, Rsrc1, Rsrc2 Bitwise AND Rdest = Rsrc1 & Rsrc2 andi -
or Rdest, Rsrc1, Rsrc2 Bitwise OR Rdest = Rsrc1 | Rsrc2 ori -
xor Rdest, Rsrc1, Rsrc2 Bitwise XOR Rdest = Rsrc1 ∧ Rsrc2 xori -
nor Rdest, Rsrc1, Rsrc2 Bitwise NOR Rdest = ∼(Rsrc1 | Rsrc2) - -
sllv Rdest, Rsrc1, Rsrc2 Shift Left Logical Rdest = Rsrc1 << Rsrc2 sll -
srlv Rdest, Rsrc1, Rsrc2 Shift Right Logical Rdest = Rsrc1 >> Rsrc2 srl -
(MSB=0)
srav Rdest, Rsrc1, Rsrc2 Shift Right Arithmet. Rdest = Rsrc1 >> Rsrc2 sra -
(MSB preserved)
mfhi Rdest Move from Hi Rdest = Hi - -
mflo Rdest Move from Lo Rdest = Lo - -
lw Rdest, Addr Load word Rdest = mem32[Addr] - -
sw Rsrc, Addr Store word mem32[Addr] = Rsrc - -
la Rdest, Addr(or label) ** Load Address (for Rdest=Addr (or - -
printing strings) Rdest=label)
beq Rsrc1, Rsrc2, label Branch if equal if (Rsrc1 == Rsrc2) - -
PC = label
bne Rsrc1, Rsrc2, label Branch if not equal if (Rsrc1 != Rsrc2) - -
PC = label
slt Rdest, Rsrc1, Rsrc2 Set if less than if (Rsrc1 < Rsrc2) slti sltu , sltiu
Rdest = 1
else Rdest = 0
j label Jump PC = label - -
jal label Jump and link $ra = PC + 4; - -
PC = label
jr Rsrc Jump register PC = Rsrc - -
jalr Rsrc Jump and link register $ra = PC + 4; - -
PC = Rsrc
syscall system call depends on the value of - -
$v0

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