1210 PS 0002 Iss9

Omnidirectional (R3)
& Asymmetric (R3A)

Research Ultrasonic
Anemometer
User Manual
Doc No. 1210-PS-0002

Issue 09
Anemometer Software Version 2.xx

PC Software (RCOM) - Software Version 3.xx
Gill Instruments Limited

Saltmarsh Park,
67 Gosport Street,
Lymington,
Hampshire.
SO41 9EG
UK
Tel: +44 (0) 1590 613500

Fax: +44 (0) 1590 613501
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: www.gill.co.uk
R3 & R3A Doc. No. 1210-PS-0002 Issue 09 October 2004
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1. FOREWORD................................................................................................................. 5
2. PACKING LIST............................................................................................................ 5
3. SYSTEM INSTALLATION ........................................................................................ 6
3.1 Mounting ...............................................................................................................................................6
3.2 Alignment ..............................................................................................................................................6
3.3 Using the Inclinometer ..........................................................................................................................6
3.4 Corrosion ...............................................................................................................................................6
3.5 Earthing .................................................................................................................................................6
3.6 Cabling ..................................................................................................................................................6
4. SYSTEM OPERATION............................................................................................... 7
4. 1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................................7
4.2 Operating modes....................................................................................................................................7
4.3 Measurement Mode ...............................................................................................................................7
4.4 Sampling................................................................................................................................................7
4.5 Averaging ..............................................................................................................................................7
4.6 Wind Measurement, SoS and Temperature Reporting Format..............................................................8
4.7 Analogue Input Reporting Formats .......................................................................................................8
4.8 Diagnostics ............................................................................................................................................8
4.9 Confidence Tone ...................................................................................................................................9
4.10 Result Reporting ..................................................................................................................................9
4.11 Interactive Mode..................................................................................................................................9
4.12 Configuration Commands....................................................................................................................9
4.13 Interrogation Commands .....................................................................................................................9
5. CONNECTION TO A PC OR OTHER DEVICE ................................................... 10
6. USING THE ANEMOMETER WITH A PC RUNNING RCOM ......................... 11
6.1 PC Requirement...................................................................................................................................11
6.2 Installing RCOM .................................................................................................................................11
6.3 Starting RCOM....................................................................................................................................11
6.3.1 Command Line Options................................................................................................................11
6.3.2 Procedure if no anemometer is found. ..........................................................................................12
6.4 Main Menu ..........................................................................................................................................13
6.5 Trend Display ......................................................................................................................................13
6.6 Trend Options......................................................................................................................................13
6.7 Display Micro-met Parameters ............................................................................................................13
6.8 Micro-met Parameter Options .............................................................................................................13
6.9 Tabular Display ...................................................................................................................................13
6.10 Configure Anemometer .....................................................................................................................13
6.11 Options ..............................................................................................................................................14
6.12 Exit to DOS .......................................................................................................................................14
6.13 Trend Display ....................................................................................................................................14
6.14 Display Micro-met Parameters ..........................................................................................................15
6.15 Micro-met Parameter Options ...........................................................................................................16
6.16 Tabular Display .................................................................................................................................17
6.17 Configure Anemometer .....................................................................................................................18
6.18 Options ..............................................................................................................................................19
6.19 Storage of settings .............................................................................................................................20
6.20 RCOM Error Messages .....................................................................................................................20
6.21 Instructions For Using The Convert 3 Binary To ASCII Conversion Utility ....................................21
7. USING THE ANEMOMETER WITH A PC RUNNING YOUR SOFTWARE .. 22
7.1 Digital Serial Output Format ...............................................................................................................22
7.1.1 Binary Result Message Format.....................................................................................................22
7.1.2 ASCII Result Message Format .....................................................................................................23
7.1.4 Software commands .....................................................................................................................29
8. USING THE ANALOGUE INPUTS OF THE SENSOR INPUT UNIT ............... 34
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9. USING THE PRT INPUT .......................................................................................... 35

10. USING THE ANALOGUE OUTPUTS .................................................................. 36
10.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................36
10.2 Analogue outputs...............................................................................................................................36
11. DRAWINGS .............................................................................................................. 39
1086-M-043Anemometer Cable (Voltage Out).........................................................................................41
1086-G-045Anemometer Installation Details............................................................................................41
1189-K-022 Indoor PCI.............................................................................................................................42
1210-K-063 R3 Anemometer U, V, W Axis Definition............................................................................43
1210-K-064 R3A Anemometer U, V, W Axis Definition .........................................................................44
1210-K-067 Sensor Input Unit Mounting Details .....................................................................................45
1210-K-068 Measurement Sequence.........................................................................................................46
1210-K-069 R3 Omni Anemometer with Inclinometer.............................................................................47
Assembly of Amphenol C91A Screw Lock 4 Way socket........................................................................48
12.TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION............................................................................. 49
12.1 Wind Measurement............................................................................................................................49
12.2 Speed of Sound Measurement ...........................................................................................................49
12.3 Environmental ...................................................................................................................................49
12.4 Supply Input ......................................................................................................................................49
12.5 Serial Interface...................................................................................................................................49
12.6 Analogue Inputs.................................................................................................................................50
12.7 PRT....................................................................................................................................................50
12.8 Anemometer Sync. Output ................................................................................................................50
12.9 Inclinometer.......................................................................................................................................50
12.10 Anemometer Connector / SIU Power and Data Connector .............................................................50
13. POWER AND COMMUNICATIONS INTERFACE ........................................... 52
13.1 Desk Top PCI ....................................................................................................................................52
13.2 Connector Pin Assignments...............................................................................................................52
13.3 PCI Specification...............................................................................................................................54
APPENDIX A .................................................................................................................. 56
Summary Of Abbreviations Used In This Manual ....................................................................................56
Optional Extras..........................................................................................................................................56
APPENDIX B .................................................................................................................. 57
Principle Of Operation...............................................................................................................................57
APPENDIX C .................................................................................................................. 59
Sonic Temperature Measurement ..............................................................................................................59
APPENDIX D .................................................................................................................. 67
Micro-met Calculations .............................................................................................................................67
APPENDIX E .................................................................................................................. 74
RCOM Binary File Format........................................................................................................................74
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1. FOREWORD
This manual refers to the Gill Instruments Ltd. Omnidirectional (R3) and Asymmetric
(R3A) Research Ultrasonic Anemometers. They are extremely sophisticated instruments
and to achieve optimum performance we recommend that you read the whole of this
manual before attempting to use the instruments.
The Solent range is in continuous development and so specifications may be subject to

change without prior notice.
2. PACKING LIST
• Omnidirectional or Asymmetric Research Anemometer
• PCI
• Mounting Kit
• Case
• RCOM software
• This manual
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3. SYSTEM INSTALLATION
3.1 Mounting
The anemometer should be mounted in accordance with Drawing Number 1086-G-045.
The SIU should be mounted in accordance with Drawing Number 1210-K-067.
3.2 Alignment
The anemometer has slotted fixing holes permitting ±5° rotation for alignment.
3.3 Using the Inclinometer

The inclinometer, where fitted, is mounted in the base of the anemometer. The data from
the inclinometer can be obtained in several ways:
a) RCOM displays this information at the bottom of the screen
b) by typing INCL in interactive mode (see Section 7).
c) by decoding the upper status addresses of the anemometer output message
(see Section 7).
3.4 Corrosion
The anemometer mounting base is anodised aluminium alloy and careful note should be
taken of the possibility of galvanic corrosion by incorrect mounting. It is vital that only
stainless steel fixings are used and that the instrument is insulated from the metal of the
mounting surface with the rubber gasket. This will ensure that the anemometer will
provide long service under extreme conditions e.g. marine.
3.5 Earthing
For maximum protection against lightning the anemometer must be earthed via its
mountings. The SIU and PCI should be earthed using the earth studs provided.
3.6 Cabling
Ensure that strain relief measures are employed when installing the cables. Do not allow
the whole weight of a cable to be applied to the connector.
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4. SYSTEM OPERATION
4. 1 Overview
• Data output rates up to 100s-1.
• Measurement of wind velocities in excess of 30ms-1.
• Wind speed accuracy < 1% RMS.
• Accurate speed of sound measurement.
• Configuration carried out via serial port and stored in non-volatile memory.
• High speed, full duplex RS422 interface, operating up to 115200 baud.
• Background diagnostics providing the user with the confidence that the unit is
operating correctly.
• Optional Sensor Input Unit providing 6 differential 14 bit analogue inputs
and one PRT100 input.
• Analogue outputs representing wind speed, SoS, and temperature
optionally fitted in PCI.
4.2 Operating modes

The anemometer has two operating modes:
1. Measurement mode - This is the normal mode of operation, which is the default
mode from power up.
2. Interactive mode - This allows the anemometer to be configured and interrogated.
4.3 Measurement Mode

The principle of operation is described in Appendix A. The parameters sampled are
determined by the anemometers configuration and consist of:
1. Wind velocity (axis velocities are always sampled)
2. Speed of Sound (SoS)
3. Analogue Inputs (6)
4. Absolute Temperature (PRT100)
The way in which the results are calculated, formatted and reported depends upon the
configuration of the anemometer.
4.4 Sampling
Wind velocity, SoS and analogue inputs are sampled every 10ms, in a fixed sequential
pattern. The PRT100 is sampled every 40ms. The measurement sequence is shown in
Drawing Number 1210-K-068.
4.5 Averaging
These samples are block averaged before being converted into results. For wind speed,
SoS and analogue inputs the number of samples used in the block average can be set to
between 1 and 250 samples. The corresponding maximum number of PRT100
samples per result is 62.
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4.6 Wind Measurement, SoS and Temperature Reporting Format

The wind measurement can be output in one of the following formats:
1. U, V & W, calibrated (ms-1)
2. U, V & W, uncalibrated (ms-1)
3. Polar & W, calibrated (° & ms-1)
4. Polar & W, uncalibrated (° & ms-1)
5. Axis velocities, uncalibrated (ms-1)
In U, V,W modes the alignment of the U and V axes can be selected as follows:-
Axis U in line with Axis 1 when the anemometer is viewed from above.
Spar U is in line with the main spar when viewed from above. In this configuration U,
V, W are labelled U', V', W'.
The U, V, W axis alignment options are shown in the relevant U, V, W axis definition
drawing in Section 11 - Drawings.
The axis alignment can be selected using the Configuration menu within RCOM (Section
6.17) or the ALIGNUVW command if using your own PC software (Section 7.1.4).
The speed of sound measurement results can be output in one of the following formats:
1. Speed of Sound (ms-1)
2. Sonic Temperature (K)
3. Sonic Temperature (°C)
Speed of sound measurements can be disabled.
The absolute temperature measurement results can be output in one of the

following formats:
1. Absolute Temperature (K)
2. Absolute Temperature (°C)
Absolute temperature measurements can be disabled.
4.7 Analogue Input Reporting Formats

If ASCII format is selected, analogue input measurements are output in volts to 4 decimal
places. If binary format is selected, analogue input measurements are output in 2's
complement.
The number of analogue inputs to be measured can be set from 0 to 6.
4.8 Diagnostics
The system reports error codes if a failure is detected of the ultrasonic transducers, non-
volatile memory or PRT.
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4.9 Confidence Tone

If this function is enabled then normal operation is indicated by an intermittent tone
within the anemometer.
4.10 Result Reporting

The selected parameters are blocked together along with the diagnostic results and block
control information to form a result message. The result message can either be in a
Binary or ASCII format. In the ASCII format the fields can be padded to form a fixed
field size if required. The way the result message is transmitted is dependent on the
reporting mode:
1. Continuous mode - the result message is transmitted immediately after
calculation.
2. Polled mode - the host pc requests data from the anemometer. The anemometer
responds by sending the current result message.
4.11 Interactive Mode

Interactive mode is entered from measurement mode, by sending the anemometer the
appropriate command. In this mode the user can communicate with the anemometer,
issuing configuration commands to the anemometer, or requesting information from the
anemometer.
4.12 Configuration Commands

Configuration commands allow the user to configure the anemometer as required. The
configuration parameters are held in non-volatile storage, allowing the anemometer to
retain its current configuration when powered down.
4.13 Interrogation Commands

Interrogation commands allow the user to request various information from the
anemometer.
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5. CONNECTION TO A PC OR OTHER DEVICE

Connection to a PC or other device requires the use of:
1. Either a standard PCI.
2. Or a suitable alternative power supply and RS422 conversion unit, which meets
the specification of the anemometer.
The PCI supplies power for the anemometer and provides conversion of the RS422 signal
sent by the anemometer and the RS232 signal required by a PC. The PCI requires
connection to a mains power supply or DC. Computers other than IBM PC’s or
compatibles may require a customised cable for connection to the PCI.
The anemometer outputs data in RS422 format, which is reconstituted to analogue if

required at the PCI.
Baud rate options are:

1. 2400
2. 4800
3. 9600
4. 19200
5. 38400
6. 57600
7. 115200
Data format:
1. 8 data, 1 stop, no parity.
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6. USING THE ANEMOMETER WITH A PC RUNNING

RCOM
6.1 PC Requirement
Minimum 286, VGA and 1Mb of RAM
Recommended 486 DX2 66MHz
6.2 Installing RCOM

The RCOM program and its auxiliary files are stored on a single 3½” disk. They should
be installed on the hard disk in a directory named \RCOM. To install the software type
the following commands in this order. For the user settings within RCOM to be stored
correctly the RCOM directory must be in the root e.g. C:\RCOM.
MD C:\RCOM
COPY A:*.* C:\RCOM
NB This assumes that your 3½” drive is drive A: and your hard disk is drive C: If not
replace A: and C: in the above commands with the drive letters for your 3½” and hard
disk drives respectively.
6.3 Starting RCOM

To start the RCOM Program, change directory to the RCOM directory and type RCOM.
CD \RCOM
RCOM
RCOM may be followed by one or more command line options. The PC will search on its
serial link for an anemometer. When an anemometer is found the main menu is displayed.
6.3.1 Command Line Options

The RCOM program may be passed one or more command line parameters.
/Cn Sets the COM port to use for the anemometer. Valid settings are n = 1, 2, 3 or 4.
Default is COM1.
/CBn Serial port base address. If your PC has non-standard serial ports, it may be
necessary to set the base address of the port. Usually the PC can work this out from the
COM port, so this command should only be needed in rare circumstances. For instance,
to set the base address to 2F8h use the command line option /CB02F8.
/CInSerial port interrupt number. Sets the interrupt (IRQ) number used by the COM port.
Usually this is standard for COM1 and COM2 (IRQ4 and IRQ3 respectively). There are
no generally accepted defaults for COM3 and COM4. Therefore this command should
only be necessary if you intend to use COM3 or COM4, or if you have a non-standard
COM1 or COM2.
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For example, to instruct RCOM to seek an anemometer on COM3 using interrupt 4 the
command would be RCOM /C3 /CI4
6.3.2 Procedure if no anemometer is found.

If no anemometer is found then the program displays the following menu.
RCOM Gill Instruments Ltd
WARNING!
No anemometer found
Please ensure that the anemometer is connected

And that power is available
1. Search for Anemometer Again
2. Change Serial Port (COM2)
3. Change Base Address 02F8h
4. Change Interrupt Vector 03h
5. Exit
The user should:

1. Ensure that the anemometer is connected and powered up. If you are using an
indoor Power and Communications Interface (PCI) and the RX LED is flashing
then the anemometer is powered up and communicating. If the RX LED is NOT
flashing it DOES NOT imply that the anemometer has no power, the anemometer
may be awaiting a command over the serial link.
2. Check that the COM port displayed (COM2 in the above example) is correct. If
not select option 2 on the menu and select the correct comms port.
3. Select option 1 on the menu. The software will seek the anemometer again. If you
are using an indoor Power and Communications Interface (PCI), the TX LED
should flash during this process. If it does not then either the serial port setting is
wrong or there is a problem with the communication cable between the PC and
the PCI.
4. If the anemometer is still not found then check that the settings of base address
and interrupt vector are correct for your PC. If not use options 3 & 4 to correct
them and option 1 to repeat the search for the anemometer.
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6.4 Main Menu

The main menu allows the selection of primary functions.
1. RCOM V1.01 Gill Instruments Ltd
1. Trend display
2. Trend Options
3. Display Micro-met Parameters
4. Micro-met Parameter Options
5. Tabular Display
6. Configure Anemometer
7. Options
8. Exit to DOS
6.5 Trend Display

This provides a graphical display of wind component trends. Raw data can be written to
disk. (See section 6.14)
6.6 Trend Options

This allows the user to select which parameters to display on the trend display, and to
select super-VGA modes. The software supports 800x600 and 1024x768, 16 colour
modes on VESA compatible super-VGA cards.
6.7 Display Micro-met Parameters

This displays micro-meteorological parameters in real time. Raw data and calculated
parameters can be written to disk. (See section 6.14)
6.8 Micro-met Parameter Options

This allows the user to select which micro-meteorological parameters to display and
which micro-meteorological parameters to download to disk. (See section 6.15)
6.9 Tabular Display

This gives a scrolling display of wind measurement. Maximum and minimum values can
be displayed. Raw data can be written to disk. (See section 6.16)
6.10 Configure Anemometer

This displays the configuration of the anemometer and allows the user to alter
parameters. (See section 6.17)
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6.11 Options
This allows the user to set various options. These are mostly to do with writing data to
disk. (See section 6.18)
6.12 Exit to DOS

This quits the program and returns the user to the operating system.
6.13 Trend Display

The Trend Display provides a graphical display of wind component trends. Each
parameter is displayed on its own set of axes and in a unique colour. The labels on the Y-
axis give the name of the parameter and the scale. The data is displayed from left to right.
Each sample is displayed as a separate pixel, therefore the speed of the display and the
resolution of the X-axis is dependent on the sample rate and the resolution of the screen.
The X axis is labelled in seconds. When the extreme right of the screen is reached the
colour of the old data changes to grey, and the scale is displayed on the right in grey. The
display then starts again from the left-hand edge, with new scale values.
U, V, W and magnitude are displayed in m.s-1. Direction is displayed in degrees.

Temperatures are displayed either in Kelvin or degrees Celsius. Analogue inputs are in
volts. Each display is scaled individually. In the example below the W vector is scaled at
±5m.s-1 whilst U and V are scaled at ±2m.s-1.
Pressing the “Alt” and “D” keys simultaneously (Alt-D) will initiate a data download.
The user will be asked for a filename and the raw data will be written to that file. The
format of the download is selected from the Options Menu. Once a data display has been
started the Alt-D combination will stop the download without ending the display.
Pressing the “Alt” and “C” keys simultaneously (Alt-C) will clear the screen and start the
data display from the left, with new scale values. Pressing the “Esc” key will stop any
download that is in progress, terminate the display and return the user to the main menu.
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6.14 Display Micro-met Parameters

Micro-met Parameters screen displays micro-meteorological parameters in real time. The
results displayed are selected and the time over which they are calculated is set in the
Micro-met options menu. The calculations performed are described in Appendix B.
Calculated parameters can be written to disk. The results saved are selected in the Micro-
met options menu and are independent of the results displayed.
Pressing the “Alt” and “D” keys simultaneously (Alt-D) will initiate a data download.
The user will be asked for a filename and the selected calculated parameters will be
written to that file. The format of the download is selected from the Options Menu. Once
a data display has been started the Alt-D combination will stop the download without
ending the display.
Pressing the “Alt” and “C” keys simultaneously (Alt-C) will clear the screen and re-start
the display.
Pressing the “Esc” key will stop any download that is in progress, terminate the display
and return the user to the main menu.
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The example screen shows what would be displayed with mean and standard deviation;
U, V and W; covariance of U with V; covariance of U with W; covariance of V with
W;U* and Cd selected for display.
Micro-met Parameters Gill Instruments Ltd
Mean U +0.168 m/s

Mean V -0.001 m/s
Mean W -0.140 m/s
Usig +0.237 m/s

Vsig +0.166 m/s
Wsig +0.087 m/s
Uvcov +0.024 m2/s2

Uwcov -0.003 m2/s2
Vwcov +0.002 m2/s2
u* +0.000 m/s
Cd +0.000
<Alt-D> Data download <Alt-C> Clear Screen <Esc> Exit
Status OK
Pressing the “Esc” key exits this display and returns to the main menu.
6.15 Micro-met Parameter Options

This allows the user to select which micro-meteorological parameters to display and
which micro-meteorological parameters to download to disk. It also allows the setting of
various user defined parameters. The calculations performed to derive these parameters
are contained in Appendix B.
For each parameter there are two entries. Each may be either a tick or a cross. If the entry
under the ‘Disp’ label is a tick then that parameter will be displayed on the micro-met
parameters screen. If the entry under the ‘Log’ label is a tick then that parameter will be
written to disk.
Selecting Von Kármán Constant, Specific Density of Air, Specific Heat of Air, Gravity
Constant or Sample Time allows the user to edit these settings.
The Temperature Input setting allows sonic temperature or absolute temperature from the
PT100 to be used as the input parameter T.
The example screen shows what would be displayed with means of U, V and W;
covariance of U with V, covariance of U with W and covariance of V with W selected for
display and the means U, V and W selected for download to disk.
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6. Micro Meteorology Options Gill Instruments Ltd
Means Natural Stand Devs Input Means

Disp Log Disp Log Disp Log
Mean U 4 4 xsig X X AIp 1 X X
Mean V 4 4 ysig X X AIp2 X X
Mean W 4 4 zsig X X AIp3 X X
Mean T X X AIp4 X X
Turbulence Parameters AIp5 X X
Stnd Devs Disp Log AIp6 X X
Disp Log tx X X
Usig X X ty X X Input Stnd Devs
Vsig X X tz X X Disp Log
Wsig X X u* X X AIp1sig X X
Tsig X X T* X X AIp2sig X X
Cd X X AIp3sig X X
Covariances L X X AIp4sig X X
Disp Log F X X AIp5sig X X
Uvcov 4 X Qh X X AIp6sig X X
Uwcov 4 X TKE X X
Vwcov 4 X Input Covariances
UTcov X X Disp Log
VTcov X X AIp1Wcov X X
WTcov X X AIp2Wcov X X
AIp3Wcov X X
User Parameter AIp4Wcov X X
Von Karman Constant 0.40 AIp5Wcov X X
Specific Density of Air 1.225 AIp6Wcov X X
Specific Heat of Air 1004.67
Gravity Constant 9.80 Exit
Sample Time (Minutes) 60
Use Temperature Input Sonic Temp
Selecting Exit or pressing the “Esc” key exits this menu and returns to the main menu.
6.16 Tabular Display

This gives a scrolling display of wind measurement. The oldest results are at the top of
the screen. New results are added at the bottom of the screen and the whole display is
scrolled upwards. If all the options are turned on then the amount of data will exceed the
screen width. In this instance the number of decimal places used to display the analogue
inputs will be reduced. The data written to disc will use all decimal places and may
therefore exceed eighty characters.
Maximum and minimum values can be displayed at the bottom of the screen. Maximum
and minimum are selected from the options menus. The maximum and minimum display
can be cleared by pressing “Alt-M”.
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Raw data can be written to disk. Pressing the “Alt” and “D” keys simultaneously (Alt-D)
will initiate a data download. The user will be asked for a filename and the raw data will
be written to that file. The format of the download is selected from the Options Menu.
Once a data display has been started the Alt-D combination will stop the download
without ending the display.
Pressing the “Alt” and “C” keys simultaneously (Alt-C) will clear the screen and start the
data display from the top of the screen. It does not clear the maximum and minimum
display.
Data Display Gill Instruments Ltd

Sa Sb U V W SoS
04 00 +00.00 +00.00 -00.02 288.76

05 00 +00.00 +00.00 -00.02 288.76
06 01 +00.00 +00.00 -00.02 289.01
07 31 +00.00 +00.00 -00.02 288.78
08 00 +00.00 +00.00 -00.02 288.75
09 00 +00.01 +00.00 -00.02 288.75
0A 00 +00.00 +00.00 -00.03 288.77
01 08 +00.00 +00.00 -00.02 288.76
02 2C +00.00 +00.00 -00.02 288.74
03 00 +00.00 +00.00 -00.02 288.78
04 00 +00.01 +00.00 -00.01 288.76
05 00 +00.00 -00.01 -00.01 289.04
06 01 +00.00 +00.00 -00.02 288.75
07 31 +00.00 +00.00 -00.03 289.06
08 00 +00.00 +00.00 -00.03 289.04
09 00 +00.00 +00.00 -00.02 288.74
0A 00 +00.00 +00.00 -00.02 288.77
01 08 +00.01 +00.00 -00.01 288.75
02 2C +00.00 +00.00 -00.03 288.76
03 00 +00.00 +00.00 -00.02 288.77
04 00 +00.01 +00.00 -00.01 288.74
05 00 +00.00 +00.00 -00.02 288.75
01 00 -00.05 -00.39 -00.24 288.72

0A 31 +00.24 +00.01 +00.01 289.30
<Alt-D> Data Download <Alt-C> Clear Screen <Esc> Exit

Status OK
Pressing the “Esc” key will stop any download that is in progress, terminate the display
and return the user to the main menu.
6.17 Configure Anemometer

This displays the configuration of the anemometer and allows the user to alter
parameters. Selecting any option except “average” causes a small menu to be displayed.
This menu offers all the possible settings for that parameter. Selecting “average” allows
the user to alter the number of firings averaged by the anemometer. This can be any
integer value between 1 and 250.
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The example shows the “Message Mode” sub-menu “popped-up” over the configuration
screen.
Selecting EXIT or pressing the “Esc” key exits this menu and returns to the main menu.
2. Configuration Gill Instruments Ltd

Serial Number: 0123456
Data Reported Reporting Speed
Report Mode UVW CAL Average 10
Speed of Sound mode SPEED Baud Rate 19200
Absolute Temp Mode OFF
Analogue
String Format Channels enabled DDDDDD
String Format BINARY Full Scale Deflect 30
ASCII Terminator CRLF Direction Wrap Mode 360
Echo
Message Mode Additional Features
CONT Confidence Tone DISABLED
POLL Axis Alignment AXIS
EXIT
6.18 Options
This allows the user to set various options. These are mostly to do with writing data to
disk.
Selecting “Output Field Separator” allows the user to select what separator will be used
in ASCII mode downloads. The choices are Comma, Space, Tab or Semi-Colon. If the
download format is set to Binary than this option has no effect.
Selecting “Output Line Terminator” allows the user to select what terminator
will be used at the end of lines in ASCII mode downloads. The choices are
carriage return (CR) or carriage return and line-feed (CR/LF). If the
download format is set to Binary than this option has no effect.
Selecting “Download format” allows the user to choose whether to store data in ASCII or
Binary. ASCII files are suitable for reading into a text editor or spreadsheet directly. They
take longer to write and may require more disk space than binary files. Binary data needs
to be converted to ASCII by a separate program before reading into a text editor or
spreadsheet. The conversion program "Convert 3" is supplied with the anemometer for
this purpose. Instructions for Convert 3 are provided in section 6.21. The binary file
format is specified in Appendix E.
“Output Field Separator”, “Output Line Terminator” and “Download format”

affect downloads from the trend display, the micro-met parameter display and
the tabular display. Selecting “Display Maxima and Minima” toggles the display of
maximum and minimum values in tabular display on or off.
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Selecting "Output Period" allows the user to enter an averaging period (1 to 60 mins) for
use when displaying and logging data in trend and tabular display mode. A time of 0
gives no averaging. Averaging period selected is displayed after the status code.
Selecting Return to Main Menu or pressing the “Esc” key exits this menu and returns to
the main menu.
4. Options Gill Instruments Ltd
1. Output Field Separator COMMA

2. Output Line Terminator CR/LF
3. Download Format ASCII
4. Display Maxima and Minima On
5. Output Period O
6. Return to Main Menu
6.19 Storage of settings

All menu selections that set a parameter are stored in a data file on the hard disk in a file
named “\RCOM\MICROMET.SET”. This prevents the users from having to re-enter
settings each time the program is run. If this file cannot be found then default values will
be used and the file created.
6.20 RCOM Error Messages

Transducer pair(s) X failed
One or more transducer pairs (indicated by X) has failed. This may be due to failure of
one or both transducers or their associated electronics, or due to a blockage in the
ultrasonic path.
Non-volatile memory error

Indicates a failure in the non-volatile EEPROM memory of the anemometer.
Absolute PRT failed

Indicates failure of the PRT temperature probe or its associated electronics
Configuration Mis-match
Indicates that the configuration reported by the status codes in Measurement Mode does
not match that reported by the CONFIG command in Interactive Mode.
Anemometer Type Mis-match

Indicates that the anemometer type reported by the status codes does not match the
anemometer type indicated by the serial number.
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Transducer pair(s) X at n% gain

Indicates that one or more transducer pairs (indicated by X) is at a high gain setting (50,
90 or 100%, indicated by n).
6.21 Instructions For Using The Convert 3 Binary To ASCII Conversion

Utility
• Convert 3 is used with RCOM, the Solent R3 and HS research anemometer PC
software.
• A binary file is converted to ASCII.
• DOS command line options:-

convert3 <input file name> [output file name] [sos|abst|a1...a6|clino|none]
• If no output file name is specified then the output file name is used with a .CSV file
extension.
• The anemometer status and wind data is always converted to ASCII.
• Additional data can be selected as follows:-

sos speed of sound or sonic temperature
abst absolute temperature
a1 analogue input 1
a2 analogue input 2
a3 analogue input 3
a4 analogue input 4
a5 analogue input 5
a6 analogue input 6
clino inclinometer x and y in 0.01° steps
none anemometer status and wind data only
• Analogue inputs are output in volts to 4 decimal places.
• If no selection of additional data is made then all the available data is converted.
• A reminder of the above commands can be obtained by typing convert3 help.
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7. USING THE ANEMOMETER WITH A PC RUNNING

YOUR SOFTWARE
7.1 Digital Serial Output Format
Data is sent in either binary or ASCII format as follows:
7.1.1 Binary Result Message Format

0xBA 0xBA StaA StaD Wc1H Wc1L Wc2H Wc2L Wc3H Wc3L CH CL TH TL A1H
A1L ... AnH AnL cc where:
0xBA 0xBA - Start of result message identifier. 2 bytes, hex value BA.
StaA - Status Address
StaD - Status Data
Wc 1 - Wind component 1
C - Speed of sound
T - Absolute temperature
A1 - Analogue input 1
An - Analogue input n
cc - checksum of all bytes. The checksum is an exclusive OR of all
bytes excluding the 2 start bytes.
These fields are defined as follows:
Wind Component Fields

UVW format Wc1 U axis velocity in 0.01ms-1 units (Two's complement signed)
Wc2 V axis velocity in 0.01ms-1 units (Two's complement signed)
Wc3 W axis velocity in 0.01ms-1 units (Two's complement signed)
Polar format Wc1 U V plane velocity direction in ° relative to N.
Wc2 U V plane velocity magnitude in 0.01ms-1 units.
Wc 3 W axis velocity in 0.01ms -1 units (Two's complement
signed)
Axis Speeds Wc 1 Ultrasonic axis 1 velocity in 0.01ms -1 units (Two's
complement signed)
Wc 2 Ultrasonic axis 2 velocity in 0.01ms -1 units (Two's
complement signed)
Wc 3 Ultrasonic axis 3 velocity in 0.01ms -1 units (Two's
complement signed)
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Speed of Sound Field

Speed Of Sound Speed of sound in 0.01ms-1 units (Unsigned)
Sonic Temperature Sonic temperature in 0.01K (Unsigned)
or 0.01°C (Two's complement signed)
Absolute Temperature Field

Absolute Temperature in 0.01K (Unsigned) or 0.01°C (Two's complement signed)
Analogue Input Fields

Analogue input value in twos complement:
0000 0.0000V
1FFF +4.9994V
E000 -5.0000V
Checksum Field
Exclusive OR of all bytes excluding the two start bytes.
7.1.2 ASCII Result Message Format

<STX>StaA, StaD,Wc1,Wc2,Wc3,C,T,A1,...,An,<ETX>cc<TERM>
where:
<STX> - Start of string character (ASCII value 2)
StaD - Status Data
C - Speed of sound
T - Absolute temperature
A1 - Analogue input 1
An - Analogue input n.
<ETX> - End of string character (ASCII value 3)
cc - checksum of all characters between <STX> and <ETX>
<TERM> - <CR> or <CR><LF>, user selectable
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These fields are defined as follows:
Wind Component Fields

UVW format Wc1 U axis velocity in 0.01ms-1 units (±UU.UU)
Wc2 V axis velocity in 0.01ms-1 units (±VV.VV)
Wc3 W axis velocity in 0.01ms-1 units (±WW.WW)
Polar format Wc1 U V plane velocity direction in ° relative to N (DDD)
Wc2 U V plane velocity magnitude in 0.01ms-1 units (MM.MM)
Wc3 W axis velocity in 0.01ms-1 units.(±WW.WW)
Axis Speeds Wc1 Ultrasonic axis 1 velocity in 0.01ms-1 units
(±A1A1.A1A1)
Wc2 Ultrasonic axis 2 velocity in 0.01ms-1 units
(±A2A2.A2A2)
Wc3 Ultrasonic axis 3 velocity in 0.01ms-1 units
(±A3A3.A3A3)
Speed of Sound Field

Speed Of Sound Speed of sound in 0.01ms-1 units (CCC.CC)
Sonic Temperature Sonic temperature in 0.01K (KKK.KK)
or 0.01°C (±CC.CC)
Absolute Temperature Field

Absolute Temperature in 0.01K or 0.01°C (TTT.TT)
or 0.01°C (±CC.CC)
Analogue Input Fields

Analogue input value in volts (±v.vvvv)
Checksum Field
Exclusive OR of all characters between <STX> and <ETX> reported as ASCII hex.
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7.1.3 Status Fields

There are a number of different status codes, which give the user information about
various aspects of the anemometer. Each of these codes has an address field followed by
a data field. The address field defines which particular aspect of the anemometer the
following data field refers to. The address fields are defined as follows:

Address Function
00 Error codes
01 Anemometer configuration
02 Data output configuration 1
03 Data output configuration 2
04 Error code history
05 Transducer gain levels
06 Anemometer Type
07 Inclinometer X axis MSB
08 Inclinometer X axis LSB
09 Inclinometer Y axis MSB
10 Inclinometer Y axis LSB
In normal operation the anemometer output cycles through the status codes 01 - 06 at
each output sample. If the anemometer detects an error then the status code 00 is
displayed instead of the next cyclic status code. When the error is cleared, the status
codes will continue to cycle from where they were interrupted.
If the error is caused by a transducer pair failure then the error code is displayed until the
failure is rectified.
If the error is caused by a memory or PRT failure, then after 16 consecutive failed
readings, the error condition is reduced to the error code history status and the error
cleared.
StaD - Status Data
Address 00 - Error codes

Bit Function
0 Transducer pair 1 failed.
1 Transducer pair 2 failed
2 Transducer pair 3 failed
3 Reserved
4 Non-volatile memory error
5 PRT failed
6 Reserved
7 Reserved
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Address 01 - Anemometer configuration

Bit Function
0 Reserved
1 PRT fitted
2 Reserved
3 Inclinometer fitted
4 0 U, V, W Axis definition (U aligned with transducer axis 1 when viewed
from above)
1 U', V', W' Axis definition (U' aligned with the spar)
5 Reserved
6 Reserved
7 Reserved
Address 02 - Data output configuration 1

Bits 1,0
00 Wind mode UVW
01 Wind mode axis
10 Polar 360 wrap
11 Polar 540 wrap
Bits 3,2
00 ±10ms-1 Full Scale Deflection
Bits 5,4
00 SOS report off
01 SOS report speed of sound
10 SOS report sonic temp. K
11 SOS report sonic temp. C
Bits 7,6
00 PRT temp. off
01 PRT temp. K
10 PRT temp. C
11 Reserved
Address 02 is repeated for 8 samples after a power on reset or exit from ‘Interactive
Mode’ to allow the analogue output card or custom PC software to recognise the output
configuration.
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Address 03 - Data output configuration 2

Bits 2,1,0
000 No inputs enabled
001 1 input enabled
010 2 inputs enabled
111 Not used
Bit 3
0 Reserved
1 Reserved
Bits 5,4
00 Reserved
01 Reserved
10 Reserved
11 Reserved
Bits 7,6
00 Reserved
01 Reserved
10 Reserved
11 Reserved
Address 04 - Error code history

Bit Function
0 Reserved
1 Reserved
2 Reserved
3 Reserved
4 Non-volatile memory error
5 PRT failed
6 Reserved
7 Reserved
The error history is cleared when the user enters interactive mode.
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Address 05 - Transducer gain levels

Bits 1,0
00 Channel pair 1 nominal
01 Channel pair 1 @ 50%
Bits 3,2
Bits 5,4
Bits 7,6
Reserved
Address 06 - Anemometer type

Bits 2,1,0
000 Single axis
001 Omnidirectional or Asymmetric
010 Three Axis Horizontal
011 Reserved
100 Reserved
101 Reserved
110 Reserved
111 Reserved
Bits 7,6,5,4,3 Not used.
Address 07 - Inclinometer X axis MSB

Address 08 - Inclinometer X axis LSB
Address 09 - Inclinometer Y axis MSB
Address 10 - Inclinometer Y axis LSB
The above data are output as 16 bit twos complement numbers. In ASCII output format
two hex characters are output for each status address.
If an inclinometer is not fitted or faulty the above addresses are not output.
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7.1.4 Software commands

Command Format
All commands are entered as an ASCII string consisting of a mnemonic, representing the
operation, and zero or more parameters separated by spaces and terminated by either
<CR> or <CR><LF>. The case of the characters in the command is ignored.
Commands are only valid whilst in the interactive mode, with the exception of the “enter
interactive mode” command and polled data request command.
ASCII Output String Termination

The ASCII output string terminator can be configured to be either <CR> or <CR><LF>.
The expression <TERM> is used to indicate either one of these string terminators.
Character Echo
Character echo can be enabled or disabled. If enabled, received characters are only
echoed while in interactive mode.
The Backspace Character

The anemometer will respond to the <BACKSPACE> character by deleting the previous
character from its command buffer, and echo
<BACKSPACE><SPACE><BACKSPACE>.
The Escape Character

The anemometer will respond to the <ESC> character by deleting all characters currently
in it’s command buffer, and echo <TERM><TERM>.
Command Responses
Command responses are only issued when in interactive mode.
Configuration Commands
On receipt of a configuration command, the anemometer will respond with a
validation message if the command was successfully completed, or an
appropriate error message if it was not. If a configuration command is
entered with no data parameter, the current data value is returned.
Interrogation Commands
On receipt of an interrogation command, the anemometer responds with the
requested information if the command was successfully actioned, or an
appropriate error message if it was not.
Invalid Combinations of Commands

It is possible through the setting of various parameters to request a configuration where
the required output bit rate exceeds the configured baud rate.
If an issued configuration command requests a parameter change that would cause the
above situation, an appropriate error message is generated.
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COMMANDS
The command descriptions use a modified form of the BNF format:-
| Option, one option from a list separated by the vertical bar must be
included in the command.
() Parenthesis, used to make the possible combinations unambiguous.
[] Option, the symbols within the square braces are optional.
n{}m Repeat, the symbols inside the braces can be repeated n to m times. If n is
not included then 0 is implied, if m is not present then infinity is implied.
<> Non-literal symbol, this represents other non-literal and literal symbols. A
further definition is required to define this non-literal symbol.
IM
Syntax: IM
Description: Switches from measurement mode to interactive mode.
EXIT
Syntax: EXIT
Description: Exits from interactive mode back to measurement mode.
AVERAGE
Syntax: AVERAGE 1....250
Description: Sets the number of samples used in the block average.
WINDREP
Syntax: WINDREP ( UVW | POLAR ) ( CAL | UNCAL ) | AXIS
Description: Sets the wind measurement reporting format.
Parameters: UVW Reports wind velocity in UVW format.
POLAR Reports wind velocity in polar + W format.
AXIS Reports wind as axis velocities.
CAL Wind results are calibrated.
UNCAL Wind results are uncalibrated.
SOSREP
Syntax: SOSREP OFF | SPEED | (SONICTEMP K | C)
Description: Sets the speed of sound reporting format.
Parameters: OFF SOS reporting is turned off.
SPEED SOS is reported as speed.
SONICTEMP SOS is reported as sonic temperature.
K Sonic temperature reporting in K.
C Sonic temperature reporting in °C.
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ABSTEMP
Syntax: ABSTEMP OFF | (ON K | C)
Description: Enables and disables absolute temperature reporting from the PRT sensor.
Parameters: OFF PRT temperature reporting turned off.
ON PRT temperature reporting turned on.
K PRT temperature reporting in K.
C PRT temperature reporting in °C.
ANAIP
Syntax: ANAIP <ipno>{,< ipno> }6 ( D | E )
<ipno> = 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6
Description: Turns on or off the specified analogue inputs.
Parameters: ipno Analogue input channel number.
D Disable specified channels.
E Enable specified channels.
AOPFSD
Syntax: AOPFSD 10 | 20 | 30 | 60
Description: Specifies the analogue outputs full scale deflection. Used to configure the
analogue output box only.
POLARWRAP
Syntax: POLARWRAP 360 | 540
Description: Specifies the analogue outputs polar reporting wrap angle. Used to
configure the analogue output box only.
STRFMT
Syntax: STRFMT BINARY | ASCII ( PAD | UNPAD)
Description: Sets the result message string format.
Parameters: BINARY Binary result message format.
ASCII ASCII result message format.
PAD ASCII fields padded to fixed size.
UNPAD ASCII fields unpadded.
ASCTERM
Syntax: ASCTERM CR | CRLF
Description: Sets ASCII output string terminator.
Parameters: CR ASCII output string terminator is <CR>.
CRLF ASCII output string terminator is <CR><LF>.
ECHO
Syntax: ECHO OFF | ON
Description: Turns on or off character echoing.
Parameters: OFF Turn off character echoing.
ON Turn on character echoing.
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MSGMODE
Syntax: MSGMODE CONT | POLL
Description: Sets the message reporting mode.
Parameters: CONT Result messages are reported continuously.
POLL Result messages are requested by the user.
BAUD
Syntax: BAUD 2400 | 4800 | 9600 | 19200 | 38400 | 57600 | 115200
Description: Sets the serial interface baud rate. Selection must be confirmed with a
letter B.
CTONE
Syntax: CTONE ON | OFF | DISABLE
Description: Enables an audible confidence tone
Parameters: ON Enables the confidence tone
OFF Disables the tone until the anemometer is next powered up.
DISABLE Disables the tone until the function is enabled
using CTONE ON.
?
Syntax: ?
Description: Request the current results message when in polled mode.
HELP
Syntax: HELP
Description: Reports a brief description of all the available commands.
Syntax: HELP command
Description: Reports a description of the command requested.
SN
Syntax: SN
Description: Reports the anemometer’s serial number.
VER
Syntax: VER
Description: Reports the anemometer’s software version.
CONFIG
Syntax: CONFIG
Description: Reports the anemometer’s configuration.
INCL
Syntax: INCL
Description: Reports the inclination of the anemometer from the vertical axis.
The format is ±XX.XX, ±YY.YY.
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VERIF
Syntax: VERIFY E/D
Description: Enables or disables messages to verify that commands have been
carried out. The verification message is the command name prefixed by
"V". e.g. "VAVERAGE" for and "AVERAGE" command.
Parameters: E enables verification messages.
D disables verification messages.
ALIGNUVW
Syntax: ALIGNUVW AXIS | SPAR
Description: Selects UVW axis alignment from two alternative definitions.
Parameters: AXIS Align the U axis to transducer axis 1 when viewed from above.
SPAR Aligns the U axis with the North spar.
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8. USING THE ANALOGUE INPUTS OF THE SENSOR

INPUT UNIT
The Sensor Input Unit provides six differential analogue inputs of 14 bit resolution. A
specification for these is given in section 12.6. This feature allows the user to power extra
equipment local to the Sensor Input Unit and to take analogue data from that equipment.
The anemometer digitises the analogue data and appends it to the digital data string.
A sensor supply voltage is available at each connector. The voltage at this connector is
the supply voltage at the SIU minus 1.5 volts. The sensor supply voltage is internally
regulated to 21±2 volts for SIU supply voltages above 22 volts.
For sensors with a common supply and signal ground, this ground should be connected to
Sensor Supply -. In this situation Analogue Input - should be connected to Sensor Supply
- and Analogue Ground left floating.
The total current drawn from the sensor supply by all the external sensors must not
exceed 70mA.
Sensor connector pin out:
1 Sensor power -
2 Analogue input 1+ / 3+ / 5+
3 Analogue ground
4 Analogue input 1- / 3- / 5-
5 Analogue input 2+ / 4+ / 6+
6 Analogue input 2- / 4- / 6-
7 Sensor power +
8 Chassis/screen
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9. USING THE PRT INPUT

The Sensor Input Unit is set up to operate with any 4 wire PRT conforming to IEC 751 or
DIN 43760. Compatibility with other standards may be available on request.
PRT connector pin out:

1 Sensor power +
2 Analogue input 6 +
3 Analogue input 6 -
4 Analogue ground
5 PRT excitation +
6 PRT excitation -
7 PRT sense +
8 PRT sense -
9 Sensor power -
10 Chassis/screen
PRT connection diagram:
PRT excitation +
PRT sense +
PRT 100
PRT sense -
PRT excitation –
For correct operation the PRT connections must be isolated from the rest of the system.
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10. USING THE ANALOGUE OUTPUTS

10.1 Introduction
Analogue outputs can be provided by an additional analogue output card mounted inside
the power supply and communications unit (PCI). PCIs with this card fitted have a model
number 1189PCA. PCIs without analogue outputs have a model number 1189PC.
The analogue output card decodes the serial message from the anemometer and generates
the appropriate analogue outputs. Seven analogue outputs are provided of 14 bit
resolution. The pin assignment and electrical specification for these is given in Section
13.
10.2 Analogue outputs

Channels 1,2 and 3 - Wind velocity
These channels represent the wind velocity. The variables represented by each channel
depend on the anemometer's operating mode, and are defined in the following table:
Output Channel
Mode 1 2 3
UVW U V W
Polar format Dir. Mag. W
Axis velocities Axis 1 Axis 2 Axis 3
For U, V and W magnitude, and axis velocities, ±2.5V represents ±10, ±20,
±30 or ±60m/s as selected when configuring the anemometer. For direction in polar
format the ±2.5V output range represents either 360° or 540°. This option is also set up
when configuring the anemometer, either using the supplied RCOM software or using the
anemometer's interactive mode commands.
The direction representation is:
Output voltage (V)

-2.5 -0.833 0 +0.833 +2.5
360° -180° 0° +180°
540° 0° 180° 360° +540°
The 540° mode avoids the output oscillating between -2.5V and +2.5V in response to a
direction varying around 180°.
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Channel 4 - Speed of Sound or Sonic Temperature

The variable represented by this analogue output also depends on the configuration of the
anemometer's speed of sound or sonic temperature. The representations for each
available mode are:
Output voltage (V)
-2.5 -1.667 0 +2.5
Speed of Sound 300 311.667 335 370
Sonic temperature (Kelvin) 233.15 273.15 333.15
Sonic temperature (Celsius) -40 0 +60
Channel 5 - Absolute Temperature

The voltage output at a given temperature is independent of the anemometer's
temperature output configuration. The following table shows the mapping between
voltage and temperature:
Output voltage (V)
-1.667 0 +2.5
Celsius -40 0 +60
Kelvin 233.15 273.15 333.15
Channel 6 - Reserved for future expansion

This analogue output is not currently used.
Channel 7 and 8 - Analogue Inputs

Channels 7 and 8 echo the voltage on the lowest two analogue inputs that are enabled i.e.
the first two in the serial data message from the anemometer. The analogue inputs at the
anemometer are in the range ±5V. The analogue outputs have a range of ±2.5V. The
voltage output is half the analogue input value. For example an analogue input of +5V is
echoed at +2.5V.
10.3 Analogue Sync. Output

A logic 1 on the Analogue Sync output indicates that the analogue outputs have settled.
A logic 0 is generated during the period when the analogue outputs are being updated
(approximately 2ms duration). The pin assignment and electrical specification of the
Analogue Sync. output are contained in Section 13.
10.4 Status Output

A logic 1 on the status output indicates that the analogue outputs are valid (i.e. the full set
of configuration data have been received from the anemometer and there are no data
errors for the current output data). The pin assignment and electrical specification of the
status output are contained in Section 13.
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10.5 Test Modes

The analogue output system includes two self-test modes. They are activated by the
pulling low the relevant pin on the main 25 way connector, and remain active until the
pin is pulled high or allowed to go open circuit. The pin assignment and electrical
specification are contained in Section 13. Pulling Test Pin 1 low causes all eight analogue
outputs to simultaneously cycle through the following sequence of voltages:
-2.50v, -1.25v, 0.00v, 1.25v, 2.50v
The outputs remain at each voltage for four seconds so that the sequence repeats every
twenty seconds.
Pulling Test Pin 2 low causes the same sequence of voltages to be output on each channel
in turn, while the unused channels are held at 0.00v, i.e. the sequence is first output on
channel 1, then channel 2, then 3 etc. For this test the complete sequence lasts 160
seconds.
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11. DRAWINGS
1086-M-043
Anemometer Cable (Voltage Out)
1086-G-045
Anemometer Installation Details
1189-K-022
Indoor PCI
1210-K-063
R3 Anemometer U, V, W Axis Definition
1210-K-064
R3A Anemometer U, V, W Axis Definition
1210-K-067
Sensor Input Unit Mounting Details
1210-K-068
Measurement Sequence
1210-K-069
R3 Omni Anemometer with Inclinometer
Assembly of Amphenol C91A Screw Lock 4 Way socket
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1086-M-043Anemometer Cable (Voltage Out)
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1086-G-045Anemometer Installation Details
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1189-K-022 Indoor PCI
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1210-K-063 R3 Anemometer U, V, W Axis Definition
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1210-K-064 R3A Anemometer U, V, W Axis Definition
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1210-K-067 Sensor Input Unit Mounting Details
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1210-K-068 Measurement Sequence
ULTRASONIC
MEASUREMENT 1 1 2 2 3 3
AXIS
TRANSDUCER L→U U→L L→U U→L L→U U→L
ANALOGUE
INPUT 1 2 3 4 5 6 PRT
MEASUREMENT
SYNC.
1.14mS 1.14mS 1.14mS 1.14mS 1.14mS 1.14mS 0.88mS 0.88mS

TIME
10mS
NOTES:
1. L → U indicates lower to upper transducer firing

U → L indicates upper to lower transducer firing
2. Serial output of the previous measurement commences as SYNC goes high
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1210-K-069 R3 Omni Anemometer with Inclinometer
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Assembly of Amphenol C91A Screw Lock 4 Way socket
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12.TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
12.1 Wind Measurement
Measurement Rate: 100s-1 (Full 3 axis measurement)
Data Output Rates: From 0.4 to 100s-1
Wind Speed Range: 0 to 45ms-1
Wind Speed Accuracy: <1%rms
Wind Speed Resolution: 0.01ms-1
Wind Speed Offset: <±0.01ms-1
Directional Accuracy: <±1°RMS
Directional Resolution: 1°
12.2 Speed of Sound Measurement

Measurement Rate: 100s-1 (Synchronous to wind measurement)
SOS Range: 300-370ms-1
SOS Accuracy: <±0.5% (For wind speeds <30ms-1)
SOS Resolution: 0.01ms-1
Accuracy specifications apply for wind speeds <32m/s and for wind incidence within
±20° of horizontal.
12.3 Environmental
Operating Temperature: -40°C to +60°C
Storage Temperature: -50°C to +75°C
Relative Humidity: 5% to 100%
Precipitation: up to 300mm/hr
Altitude: 0 to 3000m
Moisture ingress: IP65
Suitable for marine environment
EMC Emissions: BS EN 50082-1:1992

EMC Immunity: BS EN 50081-1:1992
Input/Output Protection: >0.8J
12.4 Supply Input

Supply Voltage: 9 to 30VDC
Anemometer Supply Current <300mA for 12Vdc input
<150mA for 24Vdc input
SIU Supply Current: <200mA for 12Vdc input
<100mA for 24Vdc input
12.5 Serial Interface
Electrical Interface: Full Duplex RS422
Baud Rates: 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200
Format: 8 data, 1 stop bit, No parity
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12.6 Analogue Inputs

Sampling Rate: 100s-1 Synchronous to wind measurement.
Diff. Input Voltage Range: -5.000V to +5.000V
Accuracy: >0.05% of full scale
Resolution: 14 bits
Common Mode Input Range: >±8V
Input Impedance: >1M Ohm (Differential)
>1M Ohm (Common Mode)
12.7 PRT
Resolution: 0.01°C
Measurement Accuracy: <±0.1°C (-40 to 50°C)
<±0.15°C to +60°C)
12.8 Anemometer Sync. Output

RS422 synchronous to wind measurement.
12.9 Inclinometer
Range: monotonic over ±30° of tilt
Resolution: 0.01°
Accuracy: ±0.3° for tilt angles between ± 10°
Null Repeatability: ±0.15°
Temperature Coefficient-Null: 0.02° per °C
Temperature Coefficient-Scale Factor 0.2% per °C
12.10 Anemometer Connector / SIU Power and Data Connector

Hirose 20 way socket
Connector pin Designation
1 Reserved
2 RS422TXB (Data from anemometer)
3 RS422TXA (Data from anemometer)
4 RS422RXB (Data to anemometer)
5 RS422RXA (Data to anemometer)
6 Supply V+
7 Reserved
8 Reserved
9 Chassis
10 Anemometer Sync-
11 Not used
12 Not used
13 Digital 0V, signal ground
14 Supply V-
15 Reserved
16 Reserved
17 Reserved
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18 Anemometer Sync +
19 Reserved
20 Reserved
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13. POWER AND COMMUNICATIONS INTERFACE

13.1 Desk Top PCI
This unit is for use with a single research anemometer and performs the following
functions:
• DC supply for the anemometer for mains or dc input.
• Conversion of the RS422 anemometer serial data to RS232 for connection to a PC.
• Transient protection for all anemometer connections.
• Optional analogue output card.
• Provision of an RS422 interface for transmission of serial data to a PC at higher baud
rates or over long cables. RS232 is not recommended for baud rates above 19200
baud or for cable lengths greater than 15 metres.
This is a desktop unit and not suitable for outdoor use.
13.2 Connector Pin Assignments

Anemometer Connector 15 way D type socket
Pin Designation
1 Screen
2 RS422RXB (Data from anemometer)
3 RS422TXB (Data to anemometer)
4 Digital 0V, signal ground
5 Supply V+
6 Sync +
7 Not used
8 Sync -
9 RS422RXA (Data from anemometer)
10 RS422TXA (Data to anemometer)
11 Supply V-
12 Reserved
13 Reserved
14 Not used
15 Reserved
RS232 connector 9 way D type socket

Pin Designation
1 DCD
2 RXD (data from anemometer to PC)
3 TXD (data from PC to anemometer)
4 DTR
5 Signal Ground
6 DSR
7 RTS
8 CTS
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RS422 connector 9 way D type socket

Pin Designation
1 Not used
2 Not used
3 Not used
4 RS422 RXA(data from PC to PCI)
5 Signal GND
6 RS422 TXA(data from PCI to PC)
7 RS422 TXB(data from PCI to PC)
8 RS422 RXB(data from PC to PCI)
9 Earth (Screen)
D.C. Supply Amphenol C91A Screw Lock 4 Way Socket

Pin Designation
1 PCI V+
2 PCI V-
3 Anemometer V-
4 Anemometer V+
View of PCI Plug
1 4
2 3
Auxiliary Output 9 way D type plug

Pin Designation
6 Anemometer Sync +
7 Anemometer Sync –
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Recommended Line Termination
Note: The above termination is for when the receive circuit is floating relative to the
anemometer. If the receive circuit is referred to Anemometer Signal Ground or
Anemometer Supply - then the earth connection marked 'e' should be omitted.
Analogue Output Connector 25 way D type plug

Pin Designation Pin Designation
1 Analogue ground 1 14 Analogue output 1
9 Test pin 1 22 Test pin 2
10 Signal ground 23 Earth
11 Earth 24 Status output
12 Signal ground 25 Sync output
13 Signal ground
13.3 PCI Specification

Electrical power requirements
(a) 100Vac - 120Vac, 10VA for the 115V switch position
(b) 200Vac - 250Vac, 10VA for the 230V switch position
(c) 9 - 30Vdc, 400mA max (anemometer)
8 - 15Vdc, 50mA max (PCI)
8 - 15Vdc, 90mA max (PCI with analogue outputs)
Environmental
The desk top PCI is not sealed and is intended for use in a protected environment.
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Analogue Outputs
The analogue outputs have the following specification:
Full scale range: -2.5v to +2.5v
Accuracy: 0.25% of full scale (9 bits)
Resolution: 14 bits over ±3.0v
Settling time: 2ms to 0.25% accuracy (note that the minimum time between
samples is 10ms)
Output resistance: <0.5Ω at frequencies below 100Hz, short circuit proof
Load resistance: Greater than 10kΩ
Load capacitance: Between 0 and 1000pF (e.g. up to 10m of coaxial cable)
Analogue Sync and Status Outputs

Both Sync and status outputs conform to the following electrical specification:
Output Voltages: high +3V to +5V
(referred to signal ground) low <1V
Output resistance: <100Ω, short circuit proof
Load resistance: Greater than 10kΩ
Load capacitance: Between 0 and 1000pF (e.g. 10m of coax)
Test 1, Test 2 Inputs

Logic high (inactive) +3V to +5V or open circuit
Logic low (active) <1V
The above voltages are referenced to signal ground.
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APPENDIX A
Summary Of Abbreviations Used In This Manual
ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange
PCI Power & Communications Interface
SIU Sensor Input Unit
PRT Platinum Resistance Thermometer
RS232 Communications standard
RS422 Communications standard
SoS Speed of Sound
RCOM Gill Instruments Ltd. PC communications software
Optional Extras
• PCI to anemometer cable, available in a range of lengths

• Sensor Input Unit
• Additional connectors
• Custom software on application
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APPENDIX B
Principle Of Operation
The basic time-of-flight operating principle is physically fundamental and provides
vector measurement of air velocity dependent mainly on the dimensions and geometry of
the transducer array. Pairs of transducers act alternately as transmitters and receivers,
sending pulses of high frequency ultrasound between themselves. The times of flight in
each direction, say t1 and t2, are measured. If c is the speed of sound, L the distance
between the transducers and there is an air flow v along the line of the transducers, the
following relationships are readily derived:-
t1 = L/(c+v) ; t2 = L/(c-v)
By inverting and subtracting, v is solved explicitly:-
v = 0.5L(1/t1-1/t2)
This wind vector derivation is not affected by c or any other parameters such as
temperature or contaminant content.
Conversely, c is obtained by inverting and adding:-
c = 0.5L(1/t1+1/t2)
v represents the vector component of air flow resolved along the line of the pair of
transducers. By arranging three pairs of transducers in different orientations, the direction
and magnitude of the incident air flow may be unambiguously derived. The transducer
pairs do not have to conform to cartesian axes. For optimum undisturbed airflow a non
orthogonal arrangement is employed.
The main functions of the electronics are operation of the ultrasonics, processing of raw
measurement data, and high level data analysis and data transmission.
The velocities along each transducer axis are calculated as above.
If the anemometer is operating in a UVW mode a transformation is then carried out to

calculate the velocities in the U, V, W format. This transformation is given below.
If operating in a calibrated mode a correction operation is then applied to calibrate out the
affects of the transducers and head framework. The UVW processed data are then output
on the serial output
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Vector Transformation
a1 = axis 1 velocity
Standard vector mathematics leads to the following equations:-
U velocity = (2a1 - a2 - a3)/2.1213

V velocity = (a3 - a2 )/1.2247
W velocity = (a1 + a2 + a3)/2.1213
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APPENDIX C
Sonic Temperature Measurement
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APPENDIX D
Micro-met Calculations
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APPENDIX E
RCOM Binary File Format
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1. Binary File Header
Description Number of bytes Usual data type Comments

file_type 1 unsigned char 0=ASCII tabular, 1=Binary tabular,
2=ASCII micro-met 3=Binary micro-met
file_version 1 unsigned char Numeric
type 1 unsigned char O=R3 or R3A, H = HS, S= Single axis
serial_number 4 unsigned long Numeric
average 1 unsigned char Numeric, 1 to 250.
wind_report_mode 1 unsigned char 0=UVW cal, 1= UVW uncal,
2=Polar cal, 3= Polar uncal, 4 = axis
string_format 1 unsigned char 0 = Binary, 1= ASCII pad, 2= ASCII unpad
ascii_terminator 1 unsigned char 0 = CR, 1= CRLF
echo 1 unsigned char 0 = off, 1 = on
instantaneous_mode 1 unsigned char 0 = off, 1 = on
message_mode 1 unsigned char 0 = continuous, 1 = polled
confidence tone setting 1 unsigned char 0 = on, 1 = off, 2 = disabled
axis alignment setting 1 unsigned char 0 = axis, 1= spar
speed_of_sound_report_mode 1 unsigned char 0 = off, 1= speed, 2=sonictemp K, 3=sonictemp C
absolute_temperature_report_mode 1 unsigned char 0= off, 1 = K, 2 = °C
analogue_input_ 1_on 1 unsigned char 0 = off, 1 = on
analogue_input_ 2_on 1 unsigned char “
analogue_output_scale 1 unsigned char 0=10m/s, 1= 20m/s, 2= 30m/s, 3= 60m/s
analogue_output_wrap 1 unsigned char 0 = 360°, 1= 540°
file create time 4 unsigned long file create time in seconds since 00:00:00 GMT, January 1970
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2. Binary Data
Description Number of bytes Usual data type Comments

data valid / invalid 1 unsigned char 0=valid string, 1=otherwise invalid string,
2=checksum error
3=checksum error and invalid string
U or direction or axis velocity 1 2 short int velocity in 0.01m/s, direction in degrees
V or magnitude or axis velocity 2 2 short int velocity in 0.01m/s
W or axis speed 3 2 short int velocity in 0.01m/s
Reserved 4
Reserved 4
anemometer status 1 unsigned char
anemometer status address 1 unsigned char
absolute temperature 2 unsigned short int 0.01K increments (unsigned)
or short int 0.01°C increments (signed)
speed of sound / sonic temperature 2 unsigned short int in 0.01m/s or 0.01K increments (unsigned)
or short int 0.01°C increments (signed)
analogue input 1 4 long analogue input
analogue input 2 4 long “
analogue input 3 4 long ”
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Notes On Binary File Format
Analogue Inputs
If the anemometer output string format is ASCII the analogue inputs are stored in the binary file in 100uV increments from -5V to +5V.
If the anemometer output string format is binary then analogue inputs are stored in the binary file as follows:-
Voltage Analogue Input Value

+ 4.9994 8191
0.0000 0000
- 5.0000 -8192
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Gill Instruments Ltd
Terms of Guarantee
This Guarantee is in addition to and does not in any way affect any statutory or other legal rights including but not limited to the
purchaser’s right to redress if the equipment is not a) as described, b) of satisfactory quality or c) fit for its purpose.
If within the applicable guarantee period (as shown in 10 below) the equipment proves to be defective by reason of faulty design,
workmanship or materials, we undertake subject to the following terms to have the defective equipment (or any parts thereof)
repaired or at our discretion replaced free of charge.
1 The equipment shall have been purchased and used solely in accordance with standard operating instructions supplied
with the equipment and the technical and/or safety standards required in the country where the equipment is to be used.
2 The equipment should be returned, together with proof of purchase, promptly on being found defective, at the
purchaser’s risk and expense to the authorised distributor, from whom the appliance was purchased or to Gill
Instruments Limited if purchased from us. All initial enquiries must be made through the authorised distributor except
in cases where purchase was from us.
3 This Guarantee shall not apply to damage caused through fire, accident, misuse, wear and tear, neglect, incorrect
adjustment or repair, to damage caused through installation, adaptation, modifications, or use in an improper manner
or inconsistent with the operating instructions supplied with the equipment or the technical and/or safety standards
required in the country where the equipment is used, or to damage occurring during transit to or from the purchaser.
4 If at any time during the Guarantee period any parts or parts of the equipment are replaced with a part or parts not
supplied or approved by us, or the equipment has been dismantled or repaired by a person not authorised by us, the
purchaser shall not be entitled to any rights and/or remedies under this guarantee.
5 Under this Guarantee we will repair, at our discretion, replace defective equipment or any part or parts and this shall be
the limit of liability under this Guarantee.
6 Some product models may require adjustment and/or adaptation for proper performance and safe use in countries other
than the United Kingdom, in accordance with local voltage requirements and safety or other technical standards
imposed or recommended by applicable regulations. For certain product models, the cost of such adjustment or
adaptation may be substantial and it may be difficult to satisfy local voltage requirements and safety or other technical
standards. It is strongly recommended that the purchaser investigate these local technical and safety factors before using
the appliance outside the United Kingdom.
7 This Guarantee shall not cover the cost of any adjustment or adaptations to meet local voltage requirements and safety
or other technical standards outside the United Kingdom where these differ from those applicable in the United
Kingdom.
8 This Guarantee shall not apply to batteries or any other parts with a limited natural life.
9 Our decision on all matters relating to complaints shall be final. Any appliance or defective part, which has been
replaced by us shall become our property.
10 The Guarantee period applicable to all equipment shall be 12 months from despatch of the equipment, except when term
11 below applies.
11 The warranty will be extended to 18 months from the despatch of the equipment following receipt by us of a properly
completed warranty card taken from the User Manual supplied with the equipment.
12 Any repaired or replaced equipment shall be re-delivered to the (authorised distributor from whom the equipment was
purchased). You must arrange collection through the authorised distributor. (Where equipment was purchased from us
you must make such arrangements with us).
13 Any repaired or replaced equipment shall be subject to this Guarantee (save that, in relation to repaired equipment, the
period of either 12 months in accordance with term 10 or 18 months in accordance with term 11 shall be replaced by the
expired portion of the relevant period only).
___________________________________________________________________________________________
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Doc No. 1210-PS-0002

Anemometer Software Version 2.xx

Gill Instruments Limited

Tel: +44 (0) 1590 613500

9. USING THE PRT INPUT .......................................................................................... 35

The Solent range is in continuous development and so specifications may be subject to

3.3 Using the Inclinometer

4.2 Operating modes

4.3 Measurement Mode

4.6 Wind Measurement, SoS and Temperature Reporting Format

The absolute temperature measurement results can be output in one of the

4.7 Analogue Input Reporting Formats

4.9 Confidence Tone

4.10 Result Reporting

4.11 Interactive Mode

4.12 Configuration Commands

4.13 Interrogation Commands

5. CONNECTION TO A PC OR OTHER DEVICE

The anemometer outputs data in RS422 format, which is reconstituted to analogue if

Baud rate options are:

6. USING THE ANEMOMETER WITH A PC RUNNING

6.2 Installing RCOM

6.3 Starting RCOM

6.3.1 Command Line Options

6.3.2 Procedure if no anemometer is found.

RCOM Gill Instruments Ltd

Please ensure that the anemometer is connected

1. Search for Anemometer Again

2. Change Serial Port (COM2)

3. Change Base Address 02F8h

4. Change Interrupt Vector 03h

The user should:

6.4 Main Menu

1. RCOM V1.01 Gill Instruments Ltd

3. Display Micro-met Parameters

4. Micro-met Parameter Options

6.5 Trend Display

6.6 Trend Options

6.7 Display Micro-met Parameters

6.8 Micro-met Parameter Options

6.9 Tabular Display

6.10 Configure Anemometer

6.12 Exit to DOS

6.13 Trend Display

U, V, W and magnitude are displayed in m.s-1. Direction is displayed in degrees.

6.14 Display Micro-met Parameters

Micro-met Parameters Gill Instruments Ltd

Mean U +0.168 m/s

Usig +0.237 m/s

Uvcov +0.024 m2/s2

6.15 Micro-met Parameter Options

6. Micro Meteorology Options Gill Instruments Ltd

Means Natural Stand Devs Input Means

6.16 Tabular Display

Data Display Gill Instruments Ltd

04 00 +00.00 +00.00 -00.02 288.76

01 00 -00.05 -00.39 -00.24 288.72