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Grinding Machine

The document discusses different types of grinding machines including rough grinders like floor grinders and portable grinders, and precision grinders like surface grinders, cylindrical grinders, and tool and cutter grinders. It describes the working principle and various parts of a grinding machine and grinding operations like surface, cylindrical, and centerless grinding.

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Faisal Maqsood
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313 views38 pages

Grinding Machine

The document discusses different types of grinding machines including rough grinders like floor grinders and portable grinders, and precision grinders like surface grinders, cylindrical grinders, and tool and cutter grinders. It describes the working principle and various parts of a grinding machine and grinding operations like surface, cylindrical, and centerless grinding.

Uploaded by

Faisal Maqsood
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MACHINE TOOLS AND

MACHINING
Submitted to: Engr. Shahid Farooq
Prepared by: Faisal Maqsood
Enrollment No: 2017-ME-527
GRINDING MACHINE
GRINDING MACHINE DEFINITION:

• A grinding machine or grinder is an industrial power tool that uses an abrasive


wheel for cutting or removing the material.
• It is a process of metal cutting by using a rotating abrasive wheel from the surface of
the work piece.
• Generally, the grinding is finishing operation to show the high surface quality,
accuracy of the shape and dimension.
• Grinding machine operation is also carried out for machining too hard material.
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF GRINDING
MACHINE:
• Work piece is fed against the rotating abrasive wheel.
• Due to action of rubbing or friction between the abrasive particles and work piece
material is removed.
GRINDING MACHINE TYPES:
ROUGH GRINDERS:

• Floor or bench grinders


• Portable grinders
• Abrasive belt grinders
• Swing Frame grinders
PRECISION GRINDERS:

• Surface Grinders
• Cylindrical Grinders (Plain, Universal, and Center-less grinders)
• Tool and Cutter Grinders
• Internal Grinders (Chucking, Planetary, and Center-less grinders)
• Special Grinding machine
FLOOR OR BENCH GRINDER:

• A small type of machine used in the labs where a small work piece has to grind. For
example, when we manufacture a single-point cutting tool for a lathe machine we use
to manufacture by floor or bench grinder.
PORTABLE GRINDER:

• As the name indicates Portable that means it is not fixed at one point. The portable
grinder is used for cutting tiles.
ABRASIVE GRINDER:

• The abrasive grinder is a similar type of these grinders but the main difference is
here abrasive is used while cutting and finishing the job. This is more costly than the
floor and portable grinder.
SWING FRAME GRINDER:

• The swing frame grinder is a complicated type grinder machine and it is used for
the heavy work piece.
SURFACE GRINDER:

• A surface grinder consists of an abrasive wheel, a chuck (a workpiece holding


device), and a rotary table. The chuck is used to hold the material in place while the
wheel and object are rotated to produce a smooth finish.
CYLINDRICAL GRINDERS:

• A cylindrical grinder is used for shaping the outside of a work piece.


• These machines accept work pieces in a variety of shapes as long as they can be
rotated through a central axis.
• In a cylindrical grinder, both the work piece and grinding wheel are simultaneously
rotated.
• Outside diameter grinders, internal diameter grinders, and centerless grinders are
all types of cylindrical grinders.
CENTER-LESS GRINDERS:

• A center-less grinder is a type of cylindrical grinder which uses two rotary wheels
to secure the work piece in place.
• Unlike a centered grinder, a center-less grinder does not make use of a spindle.
• The speed of the rotation of the wheels determines at what rate the material is
removed.
TOOL & CUTTER GRINDERS:

• A tool and cutter grinder makes use of a CNC machine tool with up to 5 axes and
multiple grinding wheels.
• These devices are used for sharpening and producing milling cutters such as drills,
end mills, and step tools.
• It is also widely used for producing the tools needed in the woodworking and metal
cutting industries.
PARTS OF A GRINDING MACHINE:
A grinding machine consists of the following parts:

• Base or Bed
• Tables
• Headstock
• Tailstock
• Wheel head
• Cross feed
BASE OR BED:

• It is a cast-iron casting rests on the floor and supports the other parts which are
mounted on it.
• The base houses the table drive mechanism and on the top of the base accurately
machined guideways are provided at right angles to the table to slide on it.
TABLE:

There are two tables:

• Lower table, and


• Upper table.
• The lower table provides transverse movement to the work by sliding over the guide
ways on the bed, which can be moved by hand or power.
• The upper table pivoted at its center over the sliding table and provided with
headstock and tailstock and these can be positioned at any position along the table
to hold the work piece.
• The upper table can be swiveled and clamped for grinding straight or tapered
surface.
HEAD STOCK:

• The headstock fixed over the bed and supports the workpiece by means of a dead
center and drives it by means of a dog or it may hold the work piece in a chuck and
drives it.
WHEEL HEAD:

• It consists of a grinding wheel and its driving motor.


• The wheel head is mounted on a slide at the rear end of the base and moves
perpendicularly to the table ways by hand or power to feed the grinding wheel to the
work.
Tailstock:
• The tailstock can be adjusted and fixed in any required position to accommodate different
lengths of the work piece.

Cross feed:
• The grinding wheel can be fed to the work by engagement of the cross feed control lever
by hand or power.
GRINDING MACHINE OPERATIONS:

Surface grinding operation:


• It is used to make a flat surface, the rotating grinding wheel removes the material
from the top surface of the work piece gives a flat look.
WET AND DRY GRINDING OPERATION:

• Although there are two methods of doing a grinding operation, one is wet grinding
and the second one is dry grinding.
Wet grinding:
• In wet grinding, during the grinding operation, we sprayed coolant generally water or
any coolant to cool the surface so that the longevity of the grinding wheel increases
and also we get a fine surface finish.

Dry grinding:
• In this type of grinding process coolant is not used.
• Dry grinding is not preferable, in this process grinding wheel wear is more plus we
get an uneven surface finish.
CYLINDRICAL GRINDING OPERATION:

• This type of grinding operation is performed only for cylindrical jobs.

The cylindrical grinding operation is two types:


• External cylinder grinding
• Internal Cylinder grinding
External cylinder grinding operation:
• When we need to remove the excess material from the outer surface of the work
piece then we performed an external grinding operation.

Internal cylinder grinding operation:


• This operation is done for smoothening the internal surface of a hole or any
cylindrical work piece.
CENTER LESS GRINDING OPERATION:

• In this type of grinding operation two grinding wheels are fitted parallel with a little
5-10 degree angle, this angle is provided to get a longitudinal motion of the work
piece.
• A cylindrical rod is entered between the two grinding wheel due to the tilted angle
the work piece is automatically pass through the wheels, and we got a smooth
surface.
• In this type of grinding process, the grinding wheel is maintained exactly the same
shape as the final product.
• When the job is passing through it automatically the pre-determined shape is formed
on the work piece.
SPECIFICATIONS FOR GRINDING MACHINE:

• Grinding wheel size


• No-Load speed
• Frequency and volt-rating of machines
• Input power needed for operating the various grinding machines
• Horizontal or vertical spindle
• Kind of control existing for grinding head
• Hand – operated or CNC controlled machine
GRINDING MACHINE TROUBLESHOOTING:

• Grinding wheel loading


• Insufficient cooling during grinding
• Overly high in-feed
• Grinding wheel too hard for particular work
• Incorrect dressing of grinding wheel( Wheel glazing )
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS:

• Wear goggles for all grinding machine operations


• Never operate grinding wheels at speeds in excess of the recommended speed.
• Never adjust the work piece or work mounting devices when the machine is
operating
• Do not exceed recommended depth of cut for the grinding wheel or machine.
• Remove work piece from grinding wheel before turning machine off.
• Use proper wheel guards on all grinding machines.
Thank You

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