Global Perspectives (0457) Name: Abdullah Sohail

Individual Report Section: X-C Yellow

Introduction
Urbanization refers to the population shift from rural to urban areas and has been
increasing drastically in the last few years through increase in modern technology.
I have chosen this question because it relates to the developing urbanization in
my country as well as the third world nations as a global business. It falls in the
category of one of the major changes in the world which are collectively
increasing in popularity due to modern advancements, therefore changing
communities
As villagers and the local rural community moves towards the urban cities, there
are some problems associated with the move which mostly involves
unemployment and eventually increase in poverty rates and eventually leads to
crime.
A UNESCO report states that rapid urbanization prevents the cities and countries
from using their potential human and physical resources due to unemployment
and scarcity of jobs. Crime rates also increase and in turn it leads to a global
problem.
Issue 1:
Unemployment has certainly become one of the major concerns of governments
throughout the world due to the amount of people moving in Urban areas and
looking for jobs. According to the United Nations in a report from 2014 titled as
‘World Urbanization Prospects’, it has clearly stated that in 1950, 30% of the
world’s population was living in urban areas and in 2014 the figures have gone up
to 54%.
So, if we take a look at unemployment rates we understand that there is an
expected rise of 2.7 million unemployed people by 2018 which had already risen
by 3.4 million in 2017, as stated by the International Labour Organization.
Therefore, the direct impact of Urbanization and the changing of communities is
great towards unemployment and that is why it is becoming a huge concern for
many nations as well as the people that associate with them. As they move
towards the urban areas they need jobs to settle and to accommodate
themselves in these new cities and it becomes really important that the
government plays a role in it. Aid can always be considered from other nations as
an alternative.
Tokyo has been named the world’s most populated city with a population high of
38 million, with Delhi being second with 25 million according to the UNESCO
figures.
Globally, the major cause for this increase is due to the governments not building
enough facilities or offices in these places which may remotely be related to the
most demanded ones such as, health or rescue operation centers which gives jobs
to the locals as urbanization takes a jump. As a result, today there are many
people with huge losses of income and life becomes really difficult for them, they
usually have to live in slums or places with non-cemented roofs. The amount of
people coming in make it harder for accommodation services to proceed in the
speed in which they were operating in the previous year.
Workers can easily become discouraged and would settle without jobs in different
areas particularly in the United Kingdom, Australia and many countries in the
Middle East basically because of the increasing competition in these developed
areas. These are the consequences which are developing and those which have
consistently developed in these countries
In places like Papua New Guinea and Fiji, most of the urbanization is in the capital
city or town of the nation. The government of both countries has been
increasingly trying to deurbanize the city but have failed to do so which only
increases risks of unemployed opportunists according to the study.
Even in Pakistan which is my nation, the government has been consistently
making efforts to resolve the problems in one particular location of the Punjab
but there seem to be very little projects or unemployment centers being made in
Balochistan and Sindh. Balochistan especially is known to have great potential in
resources however there are close to no plans being proceeded in these areas
that can increase job rates.
Hasnain Yousuf, a member of a national forum in the country or the CSS forum
has talked about unemployment and its effect that it has had on the people. It
appears to be a lost cause as the people themselves also have to play a major role
as a stepping stone for others to follow and rural areas as a consequence are
losing their traditional flair
In my perspective, our locals are slowly by slowly realizing the facts as my older
family members usually talk about unemployment in ways that it has become a
common term of hearing. Lahore has experienced rapid population growth from
the last few years and is therefore competing with Karachi. In my view, especially
the view that has been used in our close ones for a long time of ‘working hard to
gain successful jobs’ has become more of a rusty and disoriented catch phrase.
There are many courses of action or solutions towards the problem of
unemployment. The government can look upon new problems for the town or
city which are arising and can develop new jobs specific to these problems.
Human resource managers can try to assess the situation of their organizations
and post new jobs accordingly. A good economic growth rate of 2-3 percent is
enough to create the 150,000 jobs that can end the problem of high
unemployment rates. Monetary and fiscal policies can also improve
unemployment rates in these rapidly urbanized cities dramatically.
Issue 2:
Crime rates have dramatically increased in the last few years and this has become
a major global concern. According to the UNODC a recent survey from 2012
shows that there is a global homicide rate of 6.9 and has been in constant
increase in countries like India and Venezuela which top the crime rates in the
world.
According to a study on the role of urbanization on crime rates and the changing
of different communities, it states that they are heavily related and this can be
narrated from the historic event of Cain murdering through jealousy.
As people move into cities and move towards the urban lifestyle and culture,
fighting for jobs becomes hard and many uneducated and unskilled contenders
lose hope or give up. They henceforth try to find ways in which they can steal
from other people’s wealth to counter their own conditions.
As unemployment continues to grow in the majority of countries, poverty rates
continue to grow leading to crime and an unstable environment. Violent crime
has therefore also risen by 3.4% in the previous years and has therefore had a
huge impact.
The major cause for the growth of crime rates is the increasing rate of
unemployment as well as the desires which come with poverty. Urbanization has
left the rural villages with nothing and overpopulation in cities has only reduced
the amount of jobs leading to higher crime rates. According to FEE or the
Foundation of Economic Education, the criminals in turn also suffer huge losses in
economy as a result, and this due to them not gaining employment experience
and containing criminal records in their future CV’s.
As a global viewpoint, The United States is suffering heavily from its crime rates
through urbanization especially the city of Detroit with estimate 2,347 residents
out of 100,000 involved in crime and deceit in the town. England and Wales are
being laterally affected by crime rates which has shown a 14% increase year by
year in recent times. Many nations like Nigeria understand that family conditions
after urbanization, and poverty is the reason behind the crime rates and offenses.
They still are not able to raise they’re voice against the government who still keep
having political issues according to the guardian and a Nigerian article from North
Africa as compared to where I live they hide in shelters from these massive
changes to their conditions.
As a national point of view, Pakistan in the previous calendar year has shown
great progress in suppressing crime rates however from a report of the USAC that
street crimes and motorcycle thefts in Karachi have been increased by 38% and
24% and the government is constantly trying to improve the conditions of the
people in Karachi and the ones in Lahore. Urbanization has caused great crime
rates to be recorded in these cities. Many people across Punjab are constantly
blaming it on the police and are asking questions to the new government as seen
by the increasing urbanization. Whereas here at my local area it’s quite easy to
avoid these problems through our security.
I think that it is quite dangerous that without any legal protection from the
government the people choose to riot against one another, they start to become
desperate and in these situations crime rates continue to become a burden for
example the riots in my city Lahore, after the attack on Jinnah Park in 2016 from
terrorists which are still yet to be put under long term trial.
As a possible course of action, we and the government must consider this
violence as a major public concern in the health department. We can also
undertake surveys to check whether the people are in worthwhile conditions in
specific areas of urban towns and countryside’s which are increasing in
population. We must avoid repressive policies and make it more difficult for the
less talented people by enforcing professions and especially new ones. This can
alternatively decrease robbery and homicide rates and make rapid urbanization
much less of a global concern.
Evaluation and comparison of sources:
In this report most of the sources and the websites used have been authentic
others a little less due to them citing references as a weakness of the source.
These facts have been unconditionally used from the reports and surveys of
different organizations known to be authentic such as UN, UNESCO, ILO etc.
Most of the figures used in the research for his report have been constantly
shown with the websites or the owners. Some of the analysis that has been
shown is because it has been considered universally acceptable especially the
courses of action and the demand of the people in the perspectives as a strength.
The evidences that have been provided are from different articles and from news
editors which best use them in the current situation or the most recent one such
as the guardian and Dawn which is normally supported nationwide. The
information used in this report has been backed up from strong analysis along
with some emotional answers giving the situation of the locals which is
considered a weakness.
Reflection:
In my perspective, after this research I say that the government policies and
organizations need to develop strong ways to counter problems caused by
urbanization. Even though there is a strong possibility that I may not witness it
but due to the amount of solutions that the world has to offer the world can
improve on this considerably through preventing health issues brought by poverty
and finding ways including the ones in this report to end unemployment.
Conclusion:
This world will develop and countries like my very own Pakistan would appoint
new governors to address issues which is a worrying sign due to the
anonymousness of their politicians but the truth is that people are following their
paths on modern technology and eventually have to move to the urban society at
least by 2050, but we can ensure that it does not lead to different issues which
can only be done by collaboration as a global unit.
Sources:
• https://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-
network/2015/jun/30/24-ways-to-reduce-in-the-worlds-most-violent-cities
• https://fee.org/articles/cause-and-effect-crime-and-poverty/
• http://www.ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/statistics-overview-and-
topics/rural-labour/lang--en/index.htm
• https://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/publications/files/wup2014-highlights.pdf
• http://www.pulse.ng/gist/pulse-list-top-10-causes-of-crime-in-nigeria-
id5727387.html
• https://www.clements.com/resources/articles/Countries-with-the-Highest-
and-Lowest-Crime-Rates
• https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/causes-effects-solutions-
urbanization.php
• http://www.abc.net.au/ra/carvingout/issues/urbanisation.htm
• https://www.indexmundi.com/g/g.aspx?c=xx&v=74
• https://www.dawn.com/news/673697
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbanization
• http://www.unesco.org/new/en/unesco/events/prizes-and-
celebrations/celebrations/international-days/world-radio-day-
2013/statistics-on-youth/
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014292115000124
• http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/103530460001100204