P R OT E C T I O N

MiCOM P122C
Time-Overcurrent Protection

The MiCOM P122C is a compact unit for non-directional time-

overcurrent protection. It is designed for the selective short-
circuit protection of high- and medium voltage networks as
well as for the overload protection of transformers, overhead
lines and cables.

In addition to a wide spectrum of protection functions, a num-

ber of supervision functions are available, including circuit
breaker supervision. Thanks to the provision of two setting
groups, the P122C is readily adapted to varying conditions in
system operation.

The intuitive user interface together with the easily accessible

PC interface allow straightforward yet comprehensive setting
as well as access to readings from extensive recordings.
Interfacing to substation control or the SCADA system is rea-
dily accomplished using the optional communication interface
and a communication protocol selected to suit the applica-
tion.

Four function keys at the front panel provide user-friendly

handling and rapid access to data and control operations
such as manual closing and opening of the circuit breaker.

For extra flexibility, the compact housing is suitable for either

flush- or wall-surface mounting.

Customer Benefits

• 1A/5A software setting

• 4 function keys
• Compact unit for flush
and wall-surface
mounting
• Comprehensive
measurements
• Disturbance and event
recording

T&D
 APPLICATION GLOBAL FUNCTIONS

One of the major applications of the MiCOM P122C The following global functions are generally available
non-directional time-overcurrent protection unit is the in the P122C:
selective short-circuit protection of radial networks with
single-side infeed and of open ring systems. > Setting groups
Alternatively, the P122C provides back-up protection for > Measured data acquisition
differential protection units. > Event counters (with trip statistic)
> Event recording (signal recording with real-time
Furthermore, the P122C offers preventative protection
stamp)
based on its thermal overload and unbalance
> Fault recording
protection functions. Applications of these functions to
lines, cables, motors and transformers are fully > Startings recording
supported for short-circuit, overload and unbalance > Disturbance recording
protection. (CT inputs and binary events)

Functions Overview P122C

50/51 Three-phase overcurrent protection •

50N/51N Earth fault overcurrent protection •
46 Unbalance protection •
49 Thermal overload protection •
37 Loss of load protection •
50BF Circuit breaker failure protection •
50/27 Switch on to fault protection •
86 Output relay latching •
Cold load pick up •
Setting groups •
Blocking logic •
Logic selectivity •
Circuit breaker supervision •
Trip circuit supervision •
46BC Broken conductor / CT circuit supervision •
Self monitoring •
Measured data acquisition •
Peak and rolling values •
Event recording •
Fault recording •
Startings recording •
Disturbance recording •
Communication interface (RS 485 or fibre optics) option
Protocol for communication interface: •
IEC 60870-5-103 or Modus RTU
Function keys 4
Binary inputs 2 (opt. 7)
Output relays 8

MiCOM P122C provides

a wide range of protection functions.
2>3
MAIN FUNCTIONS

The protection and supervision functions can be

individually configured or disabled to suit a particular
application. Settings of functions that are not required
and have been disabled by the user are hidden (except
for the selection parameter). Functional support is
withdrawn from these hidden settings.

This concept permits an extensive scope of functions

and universal application of the device in a single
design version, while at the same time providing for a
clear and straight-forward setting procedure and
adaptation to the protection and control task under
consideration

Simple function selection by mouse click

FUNCTION DIAGRAM

PC Communication Further Functions Measurements Recordings

Communication
Interface Interface Cold load pick-up Phase and residual currents
Blocking logic Direct and Inverse currents Event rec.
Logik selectivity Max. Phase current storaged
to setting to SCADA / Substation control...
program S1 via RS485 or Fibre Optics Circuit breaker supervision Peak and Rolling values
Starting rec.
using IEC 60870-5-103 or Modbus Trip circuit supervision Frequency .
Self monitoring Thermal state
Function keys CB operating times Fault rec.
... ...

Disturbance rec.

50/51 50N/51N 46 49 37 50BF 50/27 46BC 86

Always
Option Time-Overcurrent Protection
Available
P122C

(Description of ANSI code No. see Functions Overview)

 THREE-PHASE OVERCURRENT Nr. Tripping time char. Constants and formulas (t in s)
PROTECTION (50/51) (k = 0.03...4.00) a b c R

STI Short time inverse 0,05 0,04

The overcurrent protection for phase faults comprises a
SI Standard inverse 0,14 0,02 t= k
three stages; each stage is provided with separate I b

startings for the three phases. The first two stages can VI Very inverse 13,50 1,00 Iref – 1
be operated as either inverse-time (IDMT) or definite- EI Extremely inverse 80,00 2,00

time (DTOC) stages. For the IDMT mode, a multitude LTI Long time inverse 120,00 1,00
of tripping characteristics is offered for selection. The RC Rectifier protection 1) 45900 5,60
third stage operates as a definite-time (DTOC) stage. (SI, VI, EI and LTI according to IEC 255-3)
For a detection of intermittent faults the first two stages
Tripping Reset
are additionally equipped with hold-time logic (reset
MI Moderately inverse 0,0515 0,02 0,1140 4,85
timer).
VI Very inverse 19,6100 2,00 0,4910 21,60

EI Extremely inverse 28,2000 2,00 0,1217 29,10

EARTH FAULT OVERCURRENT C02 Short time inverse 0,00342 0,02 0,00242 2,226
PROTECTION (50N/51N) C08 Long time inverse 5,95 2,00 0,1800 5,98
a +c R
The overcurrent protection for earth faults comprises t= k t r= k r
I b I 2
–1 1–
three stages. The first two stages can be operated as Iref Iref
either inverse-time (IDMT) or definite-time (DTOC) (MI, VI and EI according to ANSI/IEEE C37. 112)
stages. For the IDMT mode, a multitude of tripping RI RI-type inverse
t=k
1
characteristics is offered for selection. The third stage 0,236 (k=0,05...10,00)
0,339 –
operates as a definite-time (DTOC) stage. I
Iref
For a detection of intermittent faults the first two stages
are additionally equipped with hold-time logic (reset For all the characteristic curves additionally a reset timer with a definite time
characteristic is available t = Reset - time
timer). Additionally the first stage - when in DTOC r

1) Available for Overcurrent Phase and Earth

mode - is optionally provided with a second hold-time
logic. This effects a pulse prolongation of the starting
signal. Tripping time characteristics
For specific applications a high, standard or sensitive
setting range can be ordered for the earth fault stages.
The effect of the earth fault stages on the formation of UNBALANCE PROTECTION (46)
the general starting signal can optionally be
suppressed. This will then automatically inhibit the The current unbalance protection, based on the
formation of the trip command by the earth fault evaluation of the negative-sequence current,
stages. comprises two stages. The first stage can be operated
as either an inverse-time (IDMT) or a definite-time
(DTOC) stage. For the IDMT mode, a multitude of
tripping characteristics is offered for selection. The
second stage operates as a definite-time (DTOC)
stage.

For a detection of intermittent faults the first stage is

additionally equipped with hold-time logic (reset timer).
The effect of the negative-sequence current stages on
the formation of the general starting signal can
optionally be suppressed. This will then automatically
inhibit the formation of the trip command by the
negative-sequence current stages

MiCOM P122C for rapid and selective

4>5
fault clearance in your power system.
THERMAL OVERLOAD SWITCH ON TO FAULT
PROTECTION (49) PROTECTION

This function provides thermal overload protection for While switching on the circuit breaker it can happen
overhead lines, cables and transformers. The that due to a remaining feeder earthing the circuit
maximum value of the three phase currents is used to breaker erroneously switches on to a fault. This function
track a first-order thermal replica according to DIN IEC provides an instantaneous protection trip during a
255-8. The tripping time is determined with the help of settable time after the issue of the Manual-close
the preset thermal constant t of the object to be command. According to the operating mode a trip
protected, the preset tripping limit Θ Trip and the command is issued either via a general starting signal
preset overload factor k and is dependent on the or via one of the phase current stage startings.
accumulated thermal load Θp :

I 2 COLD LOAD PICK-UP

– Θp
.
t = τ ln
k .Iref
During cold load pick-up the current thresholds of the
I 2
– Θ trip overcurrent and unbalance protection as well as the
k .Iref current threshold of the overload protection can be
raised for a configurable period of time. The cold load
An initial warning can be issued when the preset pick-up function can be triggered optionally via a binary
threshold Θ Warning is exceeded. input signal or a settable current stage. This function
can be used to avoid unwanted trips caused by short-
term increases in load e.g. when energizing a motor or
LOSS OF LOAD PROTECTION a transformer.
(37)

A loss of load can be detected via a definite-time

BLOCKING LOGIC
delayed undercurrent stage. The function is inhibited
Via two independent binary inputs various time stages
when the feeder is switched off. The recognition of the
e.g. for the individual overcurrent - and unbalance
switched-off feeder takes place optionally via status of
protection can be blocked externally. This is controlled
the CB auxiliary contact or a settable current criterion.
via a matrix for the selection of the timers to be taken
into account for blocking. This facilitates e.g. the
CIRCUIT BREAKER FAILURE implementation of a zone interlocking scheme.
PROTECTION (50BF)

A timer is started by the trip command. While the timer

is running, the amplitudes of the three phase currents
are monitored. Their values below a configurable
threshold are used as a criterion for the detection of
open circuit breaker poles. If the set condition is not
met when the timer stage has elapsed, a signal is
issued to indicate that the circuit breaker has failed to
clear the fault.
The receipt of this signal from a downstream relay at Short-term increases in load following energization
an appropriately configured logic input in combination
with the persisting general starting leads to the
generation of an instantaneous trip signal.
Current in % In

400

300

200

Nominal Threshold
100

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Time (
 LOGIC SELECTIVITY BROKEN CONDUCTOR /
CT CIRCUIT SUPERVISION
Via two independent binary inputs the time delays of
the second and third overcurrent stages of the phase The P122C includes facilities for monitoring the phase
and earth can be replaced externally by the time delays currents. Phase current monitoring is based on the
of the logic selectivity. This takes place via individual principle of a maximum permissible ratio of the
selection as to which of the time stages shall be negative- and positive- sequence current components
replaced with the presence of the external signal. This to detect broken conductor conditions.
facilitates e.g. a reduction in grading time of the radial The function can be configured for phase current
feeder or the implementation of a zone interlocking monitoring on a two-phase CT connection. This is
scheme without the application of blocking logic. based on the principle of a maximum permissible
difference between the magnitudes of phase currents
IA and IC.
SETTING GROUP SELECTION

The protection settings can be stored in two LATCHING OF THE OUTPUT

independent groups for adaptation to various operating RELAYS (86)
or system management conditions.
All freely configurable output relays can be set to a
latched operating mode. In addition, individual trip
TRIP CIRCUIT SUPERVISION functions can be separately latched for the trip output
relay.
The trip circuit supervision further increases the
operational security. The trip circuit supervision
recognizes the interruption of the trip circuit irrespective FUNCTION KEYS
of whether the circuit breaker is open (OFF) or closed
(ON). Four function keys are available on the P122C relay.
Function keys F1 or F2 automatically access the
operating data or fault records respectively.
CIRCUIT BREAKER Function keys F3 and F4 are user configurable and can
SUPERVISION be integrated into the trip command or can be
configured to an output relay to facilitate control access
The preventative CB maintenance is provided by e.g. manual operation of the circuit breaker.
monitoring the breaking current accumulated over the
service duration, the number of trip operations as well
as by controlling the operating times.
By reaching or exceeding the settable threshold value
an appropriate signal is issued by this function.

Proven protection,
flush- or surface-mounted case,
comprehensive local control,
6>7
just one setting file.
EVENT RECORDS INFORMATION INTERFACES

The last 75 events are stored in a non-volatile memory Information exchange is done via the local control panel,
with a 1ms resolution. Data recorded includes the state the PC interface and the optional communication
change of binary inputs and outputs, operating and interface.
alarm signals and any setting changes. The communication interface (IEC 60870-5-103 or
Modbus) is intended for integration with substation
control systems.
FAULT RECORDS

The P122C logs the last 5 faults that generated a trip. MECHANICAL DESIGN
Each log includes the following data:
The P122C consists of an aluminum case with reversible
> Date and time connector blocks and adjustable side brackets and can
> Active setting group be used for wall surface or panel flush mounting. In
> Alarm signal that caused the trip either case the wiring connection is accomplished using
screw terminals.
> Numerical fault data

DISTURBANCE RECORDS

The internal disturbance recorder records the sampled

values of the analog variables and relevant alarm
signals. A total of 8 records each lasting up to max. of
3 seconds can be stored and read via the PC or
optional communication interface.

Disturbance record
Information interfaces

HMI:
Full access to settings,
signals, measurands
and function keys PC Interface:
Local access by
protection engineer

Optional Communication Interface:

SCADA/Substation control interface
 DEVICE TRACK RECORD
>> PS 431: First non-directional time-overcurrent device in
compact case design, more than 20 000 devices since 1992.
>> MiCOM P122C: MiCOM non-directional time-overcurrent device
in compact case design with extended functionality,
launched in 2003.

MiCOM is a registered trademark of AREVA. All trade names or trademarks mentioned herein whether registered or not, are the property of their owners. - 389191982 RCS PARIS - Printed in France - SONOVISION-ITEP
AUTOMATION-L3-P122C-BR-02.05-0831-GB - © - AREVA - 2004. AREVA, the AREVA logo and any alternative version thereof are trademarks and service marks of AREVA.

Our policy is one of continuous development. Accordingly the

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