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    Cousins of Compiler

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    syeda rabia
    The document discusses the cousins of compilers, which are software tools that assist compilers. It describes preprocessors, which collect source code and perform tasks like macro processing and file inclusion. Assemblers convert assembly code to relocatable machine code by translating operations and identifiers to binary. Loaders and link editors take relocatable code and place instructions and data in memory, allowing programs to include library files. Compiler construction tools that help generate compilers are also outlined, such as parser generators, scanner generators, and code generators.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Cousins of Compiler

    Uploaded by

    syeda rabia
    2K views6 pages
    The document discusses the cousins of compilers, which are software tools that assist compilers. It describes preprocessors, which collect source code and perform tasks like macro processing and file inclusion. Assemblers convert assembly code to relocatable machine code by translating operations and identifiers to binary. Loaders and link editors take relocatable code and place instructions and data in memory, allowing programs to include library files. Compiler construction tools that help generate compilers are also outlined, such as parser generators, scanner generators, and code generators.

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    ppt-Cousins-of-compiler

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    The document discusses the cousins of compilers, which are software tools that assist compilers. It describes preprocessors, which collect source code and perform tasks like macro processing and file inclusion. Assemblers convert assembly code to relocatable machine code by translating operations and identifiers to binary. Loaders and link editors take relocatable code and place instructions and data in memory, allowing programs to include library files. Compiler construction tools that help generate compilers are also outlined, such as parser generators, scanner generators, and code generators.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    2K views6 pages

    Cousins of Compiler

    Uploaded by

    syeda rabia
    The document discusses the cousins of compilers, which are software tools that assist compilers. It describes preprocessors, which collect source code and perform tasks like macro processing and file inclusion. Assemblers convert assembly code to relocatable machine code by translating operations and identifiers to binary. Loaders and link editors take relocatable code and place instructions and data in memory, allowing programs to include library files. Compiler construction tools that help generate compilers are also outlined, such as parser generators, scanner generators, and code generators.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    8/5/2020

    Compiler Construction
    [SWE-310]
    Cousins of a Compiler

    Compiler Construction [SWE-310] Cousins of a Compiler


    Cousins of a Compiler

     The following softwares are called


    cousins of compiler.

     Preprocessors

     Assemblers

     Loaders & Link Editors

    1
    8/5/2020

    Compiler Construction [SWE-310] Cousins of a Compiler


    Preprocessor

    a) Preprocessor:

    A source program may be divided into


    modules stored in separate files.

     The preprocessor is a program which


    collects source program.

    Compiler Construction [SWE-310] Cousins of a Compiler


    Preprocessor

    A preprocessor may perform following


    functions:

     Macro Processing:
    • Define macros that are short hands for larger
    constructs.
    • E.g. #define PI 3.14

    2
    8/5/2020

    Compiler Construction [SWE-310] Cousins of a Compiler


    Preprocessor

     File Inclusion:
    • Inclusion of header files into program text.
    • i.e. #include <stdio.h>

     Rational Preprocessors:
    • Augment older languages with more modern
    flow of control and data structuring facilities.

    Compiler Construction [SWE-310] Cousins of a Compiler


    Preprocessor

     Language Extensions:
    • Attempts to add capabilities to the language
    by associating more built-in macros.
    • E.g.#1 Inclusion of Assembly code by using
    asm: directive.
    • E.g.#2 Inclusion of database query language
    Equel by using ##: directive in C language.

    3
    8/5/2020

    Compiler Construction [SWE-310] Cousins of a Compiler


    Assembler

     The Assembler converts Assembly language code


    into reloctable machine code.
     The simplest form of Assembler incorporates two
    passes.
     A pass consists of reading an input file once.
     In first pass all the identifiers that denote storage
    location are found and stored in a symbol table.
     E.g. float a , b;
    identifier address
    a 0
    b 4

    Compiler Construction [SWE-310] Cousins of a Compiler


    Assembler

     In second pass, the Assembler:


    • Translates each operation code into the sequence
    of bits representing operation in machine
    language.
    • Translates each identifier representing a location
    into the address given for that identifier in the
    symbol table.
     The output of second pass is reloctable machine
    code
     i.e. it can be loaded starting at any location ‘L’ in
    memory. (if ‘L’ is added to all addresses in the
    code, then all references will be correct.

    4
    8/5/2020

    Compiler Construction [SWE-310] Cousins of a Compiler


    Loaders/Link Editors

     A loader performs;
    • Loading
    • Link-editing
     The loading refers to taking relocatable machine
    code, altering it and placing the altered instruction
    and data in memory at proper locations.
     The link-editor allows to make a single program
    from several files of relocatable machine code.
     i.e. The inclusion of library files (<stdio.h> or
    <conio.h>) or external routines.

    Compiler Construction [SWE-310] Cousins of a Compiler


    Compiler Construction Tools

     The following tools may be used for compiler


    generation;
    Parser generators
    Scanner generators
    Syntax-directed translation engine
    Automatic code generators
    Data flow engines

    5
    8/5/2020

    Compiler Construction [SWE-310] Cousins of a Compiler


    Compiler Construction Tools

     Parser Generators:
     Produce Syntax Analyzers based on context
    free grammar.
     Scanner Generators:
     Generates lexical analyzers from a specification
    based on regular expression.
     The resulting lexical analyzer is basically a finite
    automaton.

    Compiler Construction [SWE-310] Cousins of a Compiler


    Compiler Construction Tools
     Syntax-directed Translation Engine:
     Produce collection of routines that walk the parse
    tree.
     The result is the generation of intermediate code.
     Automatic Code Generators:
     Translates intermediate language into the machine
    language.
     The translation mechanism is based on rules that
    define each operation.
     Follows “template matching” technique.
     Data-flow Engines:
     Performs data-flow analysis for code optimization.

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