1

Romanian Mathmatical Magazine

A SPECIAL CLASS OF
INEQUALITIES
By

Lê Khánh Sỹ- Long An- Việt Nam

Problem: Let a, b, c be nonnegative real numbers such that c = min{a, b, c}.

Prove
a2 + b2 + c2 8abc 2c(a − b)2
+ ≥2+
ab + bc + ca (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 3(a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
Solution.
lemma:
If a, b, c ≥ 0 and c = min{a, b, c} then.
a2 + b2 + c2 8abc 2ab + c2 2(a + b)c 2c(a − b)2
+ ≥ + +
ab + bc + ca (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) ab + bc + ca (b + c)(c + a) 3(a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
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Write the inequality as follows.

(a − b)2 8(a − b)2 c

≥
ab + bc + ca 3(a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
or
3(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) ≥ 8c(ab + bc + ca).

We make the substitutions 



a=c+x

b=c+y



x, y ≥ 0

The inequlity becomes as follows.

8(x + y)c2 + 2(3x2 + 5xy + 3y 2 )c + 3xy(x + y) ≥ 0

Thus, the proof is completed. Therefore, it suffices to show that

2ab + c2 2(a + b)c

+ ≥ 2.
ab + bc + ca (b + c)(c + a)

Or
c2 (a − c)(b − c)
≥ 0.
(a + c)(b + c)(ab + bc + ca)
The equality occurs for a = b = c, and for c = 0 and b = c 
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Problem: Let a, b, c be nonnegative real numbers such that a + b + c = 3 and

c = min{a, b, c}. Prove that
X a2  2
15 a−b
+ 2(ab + bc + ca) ≥ + .
cyc
b+c 2 4

Solution.
lemma:
If a, b, c ≥ 0 and c = min{a, b, c} then.

a2 b2 (a + b)2 (a + b)2 (a − b)2

+ + 2ab ≥ + + .
b+c c+a a + b + 2c 2 16
Or
(a − b)2 (a + b + c)2 9(a − b)2
≥ .
(a + c)(b + c)(a + b + 2c) 16
By the AG inequality, we have

(3 + c)3
(a + c)(b + c)(a + b + 2c) ≤ ≤ 16.
4
Thus, the proof is completed. Therefore, it suffices to show

(3 − c)2 (a + b)2 c2 15
+ + + 2c(3 − c) ≥ .
3+c 2 3−c 2
Or
3c2 (c − 1)2
≥ 0.
2(9 − c2 )
The equality occurs for a = b = c, and for c = 0 and b = c 
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Problem: Let a, b, c be nonnegative real numbers such that a + b + c = 3 and

c = min{a, b, c}. Prove

3(a4 + b4 + c4 ) + 33 ≥ 14(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + 2(a − b)2

Solution.
lemma:
If a, b, c ≥ 0 and c = min{a, b, c} → a + b ≥ 2, then.

3(a + b)4
3(a4 + b4 ) − 14(a2 + b2 ) ≥ − 7(a + b)2 + 2(a − b)2 .
8
Or
3(a − b)2 (7a2 + 10ab + 7b2 )
≥ 9(a − b)2 .
8
We have
3 (a − b)2 + 6(a + b)2
 
3(7a2 + 10ab + 7b2 )
= ≥ 9.
8 8
Thus, the proof is completed. Therefore, it suffices to

3(3 − c)4
+ 3c4 + 33 ≥ 14c2 + 7(3 − c)2 ,
8
Which is
3(c − 1)2 (3c + 1)2
≥ 0.
8

The equality occurs for a = b = c = 1, 

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Problem: Let a, b, c be nonnegative real numbers such that a + b + c = 3 and

c = max{a, b, c}. Prove
 2
1 1 1 2(ab + bc + ca) 13 a−b
+ + + ≥ +
a+1 b+1 c+1 9 6 12

Solution.
lemma:
If a, b, c ≥ 0 and c = max{a, b, c} ⇒ a + b ≤ 2

1 1 2ab 4 (a + b)2 (a − b)2

+ + ≥ + + .
a+1 b+1 9 a+b+2 18 144
Or
(a − b)2 (a − b)2
≥ .
(a + 1)(b + 1)(a + b + 2) 16
Or
(a + b + 2)3
(a + 1)(b + 1)(a + b + 2) ≤ ≤ 16.
4
Thus, the proof is completed. Therefore, it suffices to

4 (3 − c)2 1 2c(3 − c) 13
+ + + ≥ .
5−c 18 c+1 9 6
Or
(c − 1)2 (c − 2)2
≥ 0.
6(5 − c)(c + 1)
1
The equality occurs for a = b = c = 1, and for c = 2 and a = b = . 
2
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Problem: Let a, b, c be positive real numbers such that a + b + c = 1 and c =

max{a, b, c}. Prove

1 1 1 3(a − b)2
+ + + 48(ab + bc + ca) ≥ 25 +
a b c 2
lemma:
2
If a, b, c > 0 and c = max{a, b, c} ⇒ a + b ≤ then
3
1 1 4 3(a − b)2
+ + 48ab ≥ + 12(a + b)2 + .
a b a+b 2
Or
(a − b)2 27(a − b)2
≥ .
ab(a + b) 2
Thus, the proof is completed, because

(a + b)3 2
ab(a + b) ≤ ≤ .
4 27
T herefore, it suffices to
4 1
+ 12(1 − c)2 + + 48c(1 − c) ≥ 25.
1−c c
Or
(3c − 1)2 (2c − 1)2
≥ 0.
c(1 − c)
1 1 1
The equality occurs for a = b = c = , and for c = and a = b = . 
3 2 4
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Example: Schur. Let a, b, c be nonnegative real numbers, then

a3 + b3 + c3 + 3abc ≥ ab(a + b) + bc(b + c) + ca(c + a)

Example: khanhsy. Let a, b, c be nonnegative real numbers such that a+b+c = 3.

Prove that
X a2 64(ab + bc + ca) 145
+ ≥ .
cyc
a + 2 243 81
Example: khanhsy. Let a, b, c, m be nonnegative real numbers such that a+b+c = 3.
Prove that
X 1 16(ab + bc + ca) 241
+ ≥ .
cyc
a+4 1125 375
Example: khanhsy. Let a, b, c, m be nonnegative real numbers such that a+b+c = 3.
Prove that
X a2 48m2 25m2 + 18m + 9
+ (ab + bc + ca) ≥ .
cyc
a+m (3m + 3)3 3(m + 1)3

Example: Jack Garfunkel. Let a, b, c, be nonnegative real numbers, then

a2 + b2 + c2 8abc
+ ≥ 2.
ab + bc + ca (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)

Example: AoPs. Let a, b, c, be be positive real numbers such that abc = 1 and. Prove
that  
3 1 1 1
a2 + b2 + c2 + 6 ≥ a+b+c+ + + .
2 a b c
Example: Vasile Cirtoaje. Let a, b, c be positive real numbers such that a+b+c = 3.
Prove that  
1 1 1
8 + + + 9 ≥ 10(a2 + b2 + c2 )
a b c
Example: Iran 96. Let a, b, c, be nonnegative real numbers, then
1 1 1 9
+ + ≥
(a + b)2 (b + c)2 (c + a)2 4(ab + bc + ca)
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Problem: Let a, b, c be positive real numbers. Prove that

 2  2  2  
a b c 1 b c a
+ + ≥ + +
a+b b+c c+a 2 a+b b+c c+a

Solution.
Let
a x+1


 =
a + b 2


b y+1
=
 b+c 2
 c = z+1



c+a 2
Where x, y, z ∈ (−1; 1) andx + y + z + xyz = 0This inequality is equivalent to

x2 + y 2 + z 2 + 3(x + y + z) ≥ 0

Or
x2 + y 2 + z 2 − 3xyz ≥ 0

By virtue of the Am-GM, we have

p
x2 + y 2 + z 2 + −xyz ≥ 3 3 (xyz)2 − 3xyz ≥ 3|xyz| − 3xyz ≥ 0

The equation occurs x = y = z = 0 or a = b = c .

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Problem: Let a, b, c be positive real numbers such that abc = 1. Prove that

3a2 + a 3b2 + b 3c2 + c

2
+ 2
+ ≥3
(1 + a) (1 + b) (1 + c)2
Solution.
Let  1−x
a =

1+x


 1−y
b=
 1+y
1−z


c =

1+z
Where x, y, z ∈ (−1; 1). Since abc = 1 involves x + y + z + xyz = 0 This inequality is
equivalent to
x2 − 3x + 2 y 2 − 3y + 2 z 2 − 3z + 2
+ + ≥3
2 2 2
Or
x2 + y 2 + z 2 + 3xyz ≥ 0

By virtue of the Am-GM, we have

p
x2 + y 2 + z 2 + 3xyz ≥ 3 3 (xyz)2 + 3xyz ≥ 3|xyz| + 3xyz ≥ 0

The equation occurs x = y = z = 0 or a = b = c. 

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Example: From Mathematics and Youth Magazine in VietNam. If a, b, c

are positive real numbers, then
 2  2  2  
a b c 5 a b c
+ + +3≥ + +
a+b b+c c+a 2 a+b b+c c+a

Example: Vasile Cirtoaje. If a, b, c are positive real numbers such that abc = 1.
Prove that  2  2  2
4a 4b 4c
1+ + 1+ + 1+ ≥ 27
a+b b+c c+a
Example: Pham Van Thuan. If a, b, c are positive real numbers, then
1 1 1 2
+ + + ≥1
(1 + a)2 (1 + b)2 (1 + c)2 (1 + a)(1 + b)(1 + c)