03. TRIBHUVANUNIVERSTY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Examination Control Division 2075 Bai jaisakh Theory of Structure (CESS!) —___—— ga 1 sas far as practicable. Y Candidates are required ¥ Attempt A questions.“ Y The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks. ¥- Assume suitable data if necessary. to give their answers in their own word 1. a) Explain linear and non Jinear behaviour of structure with suitable force displacement i diagram. ») Determine strain energies due to bending and shear in the overhanging beam shown in figure below and also determine deflection at C by using real work method. (12) E=200KNimm? — G~ 80 KN/mm* 20KN 2. a) Explain the principle of super position with suitable example. 14] b) Determine the vertical deflection of joint E. All the top chord member are subjected to temperature rise 30°c and the members AE and EC are Smm too long while fabrication. Take coefficient of the thermal expansion as 12*10%/*c, modulus of elasticity as 200kN/mm?, cross sectional arca of each members is 1500 mm’. 12] a pA H+» — 3. a) State and proof first theorem of moment area method. b) For the beam shown in figure bel - Bie Fe pemee fan in gre elope te’ defieeton ‘end slope st Hand By ae 4) (2)the influence lines for support reactions, shear force and bending moment at a 44 ‘m from the left support of a simply supported beam of 20m span, a Dra section 5 s B Ic $a —_______5 b) Draw influence line diagrams for the forces in member bc, hg and df of the truss. The Joad moves in the upper chord of the truss. {10} iL h g f J 12m - 10m p> 10m ¢lomd 10m F k—— 4@10m = 40m 4 5, a) Explain graphical method to determine the reactions of a three hinged arch when it is * & gubjected to a single concentrated load. 4 b) In the three hinged parabolic arch shown in figure below determine bending moment, at normal thrust and radial shear force at section D. 50 KN/m 80KN| Exam, ! ‘subject: - Theory of Structure Nv UNIVERSIBY lt ‘ qneore GINEERING Level rn pees ” Exai ination Control Division | Programme a 2 | Samina 74 Bhadra year/Part_ WM. me ie | (CES51) Y- Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable Y Attempt All questions. Y The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks ¥ Assume suitable data if necessary. truss due to (i) loading shown (i) ical deflection of Joint ‘D’ of the 1. a) Determine the vertical deflection 0! i oe oe of esi CD al members DE and DC being $ mm too long and ( is rise up by 20°C. (12) 30 KN Take E=200x10°N/mm? Coefficient of thermal expansion=12x104°C b) Explain the material non-linearity and Geometrical non-linearity with neat sketches. [4] 2. a) Determine horizontal deflection at E of the frame shown in figure below. {10} 20KN/m 2E1 3m til4m WKN, JB Ae SA. 4m b) Determine horizontal and vertical deflection of poi i : below due the temperature variation, eles ort es 0 Mg 6) B 4m “3. a) Define influence ling diagram, Explain its use, ete i i . » eens saximum banding moment at section C and also the absolute maximum ore Moment when the set of Concentrated loads moves from left to right of the sirder shown in figure below, 9 160KN!80KN 120KN 4m “3m 2m c em 4. A three hinged circular arch KN and 30 KN, spaced 5m 100m has a span of 100m and a rise of 10m. Two point loads of 20 apart, roll over the arch from left to right with 20 kN load loading. Using the influence line diagram, find the maximum bending moments at a section 25m from the lefi Support. Also find normal thrust and radial shear at the same section corresponding to the maximum bending moment. 5S. a) Enlist the different components ofa suspension bridge. 5) The stiffening girder of suspension bridge of span 120m has hinged at the end and in the middle span, the cable is suspended between two points separated horizontally by 120m and vertically by 6m. The maximum deep of the cable is 12m from upper end point. Two points loads 200kN and 100KN are concentrated at 30m and Sem from higher end. Calculate and draw shear force diagram and bending moment diagram for girder. bee 145 fi2y (16) {4} 2]0 Examination Control Division | Programme | nce IS | Marks 32 2073 Bhadra [Year (Pare [L/L Time Shes Subject: - Theory of Structure | (CESS) ¥ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as fir as practicable. Y Attempt AU questions The figures in the margin indicate Eull Marks. Y Assume suitable data if necessary. 1. a) by 2. a) b) b) by Describe the types of structures based on material used. A suspension bridge, 150 m span, has two three hinged stiffening girders supported by two cables with a central dip of 20 m. If four point loads of 200 KN, 150 KN, 300 KN and 100 KN with equal spacing of 4 m are moving from left to right along the central lines of the roadway having 200 KN as a leading load. Determine maximum bending moment at 40 m from left support, Also determine maximum tension in the cable. List the steps to follow and illustrate them in an example for determination of displacement in a structural system using virtual work (unit load) method. A cantilever beam of length 4 m and having circular cross section of diameter 15 em is subjected (0 a concentrated load of 10 KN and a twisting moment 5 KN at its end. Calculate the strain energies duc to bending, shear and torsion, E = 200 KN/mm’, G=80 KNimm’, State and prove theorems of movement area method. Determine the vertical deflection of joint B. All the top chord members are subjected to temperature rise of 20°C and all the vertical members are 10mm too long, Take coefficient of thermal expansion as 12*10°/°C, Modulus of elasticity as 200KN/mm?, Cross-sectional area of each member is 1500 mm’, Derive expression for calculation of structural of quant diagram when the loads applied are concentrated force, uniform distributed load and couple ‘A three hinged symmetrical circular arch has a span SO m and a rise of 10 m. It is subjected 10 a rolling load of 50 KN/m of span 10 m moving from left to right, Determine maximum bending moment, radial shear and normal thrust at 15 m from left support with the help of influence line diagram, TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY ili INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING | Level jul Full Marks | 80 | [4] [6r4} {ay 18] (4) to} (6) {10}5, ) Determine slope and deflection at free end and 2 m from left support 412} KN 40 KN/m 2EL oC py 4) Determine maximum bending moment at C and absolute maximum: bending moment in the girder shown in figure below when four concentrated loads move from left to 135 right. A VTOKN 915 KN 59 KNFS 03) TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY { Faam. INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING —_| Level Examination Control Division | Programme | BCE Year /Part 2073 Magh . Tt ___ Subject: - Theory of Structure I (CESS1) Y Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable. Y Attempt All questions. Y The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks, ¥ Assume suitable data if necessary. 1. a) Differentiate between Jinear and non-linear behavior of structures and explain their uses in theory of structures. a} b) The suspension cable is suspended from two piers 180 m apart, left support being 5 m above the other. The cable carries uniformly distributed load of 15 KN/m in plan and has its lowest point 10 m below the lower support. The ends of the cables arc attached to saddles on rollers on top of piers and the back stays which may be assumed straight ae are inclined at 60° to the vertical. Determine: i) Maximum tension in the cable ii) The length of the cable iii) Maximum thrust on the pier 2. a) Explain what is virtual work (unit load) method and give an example to illustrate it. 4) b) A bar of 3 cm diameter and of length 130 cm is supported rigidly in the vertical position at the top and is provided with a hollow falling mass and a collar at the bottom which supports a spring 10 cm long. Find the stress developed if the falling mass is 4 kg and it falls from the height of 1.15 m measured from the collar top. Take stiffness of the spring k as 40 KN/m and E as 210 GN/m*. {8 i) 3. a) What are conjugate beam theorems? Explain its use with an example. b) Determine the rotation and vertical deflection at free end. {10} 20 KN/m 15 EI 50 KN 2EI 6m Aenean4. a) Derive expressions for caloulation of structural quantities by using influence tine diagram, when the toads apptied are concentrated force, uniform distributed load and couple. (6) b) Determine Bending moment, radial shear force and normal thrust at point D of the three hinged parabolic arch shown in figure below. {104 180 KN 6KNin 20m 5. a) Draw ILD for forces in member U1L1, U2U3, U2L3, U2L2, L2L3 and U3L3 for a given truss, when the load is moving on the bottom chord. ua U, U2 Us Us b) Calculate deflection at point B and D using Conjugate beam method. (12) 20KN3 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY Exam. INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING __ [Level Examination Control Division al ic 2072 Ashwin Year/Part | it/ ‘Theory of Structure (CESS! Y Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable. Y Attempt All questions. Y. The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks Y Assume suitable data if necessary, . 8) What is principle of superposition? How is it useful in determination of deflection of beam? (4) >) A thee hinged symmetrical parabolic ach has a span of 40:m and rise of 10m. Draw ILD for: . (12) i) Horizontal thrust ii) BM at section 8 m from left support iil) ILD for normal thrust and radial shear atthe same section. . 2) Explain what are conjugate beam theorems? Prove them. [4] b) A uniform shaft ABC is simply supported in bearings A and B and overhanging to C. AB = | and BC = a, When a transverse force P acts at C, show that the maximum. deflection in the portion AB is 2! (12) 93EI 3. a) Explain what is dynamic multiplier and derive the formula for it when a mass falls on mid span of a simply supported beam. (4] b) Determine the maximum force in the member CF and BC of the truss as shown due to a live load of 28 KN/m longer than the span passing over the truss. 12) 4@ 6m=24m 4. a) Show that there is no bending moment at any section of a parabolic arch (three hhinged) subjected to load uniformly distributed over horizontal span, [4 ) Determine the deflection and slope at C in the overhanging beam shown in figure below by using virtual work (unit load) method. Take El = 100000 KNm2, (12) 10KN igs a ee 10m Sms » ») explain bow a structural quantity (bending moment, shear force etc) can be caloulated fom influence line diagram due to loads-concentrated force distributed load and couple. {6} ‘A suspension bridge, 100 m span has two three hinged stiffening Girders supported by two cables with a central dip of 10 m. The dead load is a uniformly distributed load of 40 KN/m for the entire span and in addition, it supports three point loads of 200 KN each placed along the center line of the roadway, dividing the span in four equal parts. Calculate the maximum tension and minimum tension with their locations in the cable and the length of the cable, also draw shear force and bending moment diagrams for om the girders. ae‘TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY [ Exam, TUTE OF ENGINEERING | Level [BE Fall Marks 80 | Examination Control Division | Programme | BCE Pase Marks | 32 2072 Magh Year /Part__11/it Time hes Subject: - Theory of Structure (CESS!) ¥ Candidates are required to give their at ‘own words as able: Ce ae a wnswers in their own words as far as practica ¥ The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks ¥ Assume suitable data if necessary. a) Enuneiate the principle of superposition and explain with suitable example. 4 b) A simply supported beam carries a point load W at mid span L. The middle one third Portion of length has flexural rigidity 2 EI and rest two third portion has flexural Tigidity EI. Determine the maximum deflection and slope at supports. Use conjugate beam method. . 02 2. a) A rectangular beam 25cm*50cm (bxd) is simply supported on a span of 6 m and carries a central load of 100 KN. Calculate the strain energy due to shear. Neglect self weight of the beam, Take E = 210° kg/cm? and G = 0.85%10° kg/cm? 4) b) Draw influence line diagram for forces in members BC and BG and determine maximum force in member BC when uniformly disi-ibuted load 6 KN/m of length 8 m moves. 02) 3. a) Define real work and virtual work for deformable structures. (4 b) A three hinged circular arch has span 40 m and rise 5 m. Make a sketch of the arch and given the equation to it. It carries a concentrated load 60 KN at 8 in from the right support and uniformly distributed load 4 KN/m over left liait portion, Determine bending moment, radial shear force and normal thrust at a section 10 m from the left support. (12) 4, a) What is ncutral point in an influence Line diagram of an arch? Determine it for a three hinged arch for an ILD for bending moment diagram at a section. (6) mine the vertical defection of joint E due to the increase in temperature of 20°C f10] 5} of member CD and member CE being 5 mm too long. ARN Take E= 200 KN/mm* a= 12«10°C Area = 1000 mm* @ D . \/ ‘ for all members A507 0° Aso" 6or\B E GY 4m 4m.5. a) Define influence line diagram and explain how it is different from other structural quantity diagrams like bending moment diagram, shear force diagram ete. (4) }) A suspension cable having central dip 15 m supports a three hinged stiffening girder 150 m long which supports point loads 180 KN at 50 m from left support and 120 KN at 30 m from the right support. The dead load of the girder is 5 KN/m. Determine Bending moment and shear force at a section 30 m from the left support. Also determine the maximum tension in the cable and length of cable. 12) a8a PRIBRUV AN UNIVERSITY Zs srmmmmmmi ir al INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING: | Fxamination Contro] Division _Progy: BCE 2071 Bhadra ‘Veor/ Pare” Hib a hers = Theary nf Six ¥ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable, Y Altompt All questions. ¥- The figures in the margin indicute Full Morks. Y Assume siatadle deta if necessary. 1. a) Use infloence line diagram to determine most eritical position of a stretch of unifarm Uistribured load und 9 set of concentrated forces to give maxismum bending moment at a given scction of 3 simply svpported beam, Assume the length of the uniform distributed load and the, set of concentrated foroes Ww be less then the spau of the bean. (9 b) Calculate horizontal displacement of the rulle# support and angular displacement of the fixed hinge of the-given portal frame by using unit load (virtual work) method: Express the result in terms of sectional stiffness EI. 12] 20 kiyhr 2. u) Define strain energy and explain with examples the difference between gradually ond suddenly applicd direct loads, Derive the expression for strain energy due to shear force in # beam in bending, (6) b) A simply supported beam of span 4 m wilh an overhang of length 2 m on right side.of the beam is (oatled in the span with uniform distributed Joad af imenibity 2 kN/m. ‘The overhang is loacted with a concentrated force of magnitude 3 KN at the free end. Caleulate thic deflection of the frce en of the overhang and slope at the s¥pport. Use conjugate beam method, nm 3. «) Explain the characteristics of structural mechanics and describe with suitable examples what are the two basic approaches of structural analysis. 1g b) Draw a simple rectungulir plane uss beviug span of four cqual bays and with horizontal, vertical and inclincd members. Show required dimensions of the russ. Draw infiuenoe fine diagrams for forces ja one of the cach horizontal vertical and inclined members. Consider the given truss is deck type, ny4. A three hinged symmetric! parnbolic arch af span 20 m and rise 4 m ig with a point load of magnitude 4 KN at 4 on distance from the lefl hinge. Firat, draw influence line diagram (LD) for bending moment (BM), radial shear (RS), and normal thruxt (NT) forthe section where the point load is and then calculate the values of BM, RS and NT at the section using the 1L1y. Also check these values of internal forces at the section by first principic using equilibrium equations, 5. Determine the cross sectional area requinad for the cable Joaded as shown in figure below, it the pennissible tensile stress of the cable material is 1500 NAnin®. The self weight of the girder is 10 kNin, Draw bending moment dizgram of three hinged stiffening girder and also calculate the Tength of cable. . 413) 113)J os RIBRU YAN UNIVERSITY Exam. (eee INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level BE FuliMarks Examination Control Division | Programme | 8cr Pass Marks 2071 Magh Years Part 1/11 Tine” Subject: - Theory of Structures (CE5S1) Y Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable. ¥ Attempt All questions, The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks. Y Assume suitable data if necessary. 1. a). Explain with suitable force-displacement diagram, the elastic, inelastic, linear and non-linear behaviour of structure. a b) A bar of 2 cm diameter and of length 125 cm is supported rigidly in the vertical position at the top and is provided with a holow falling mass and a collar at the bottom which supports a spring 10 cm long. Find the stress developed if the falling. mass is 4 kg and it fals from the height of one meter measured from the collar top. Take g = 9.81 m/s’, stiffness of the spring (k) = 40 KN/m and E = 210 GN/m’. (6) 2. a) Use virtual work method to determine the mid-span deflection for a simply supported 4 steel beam of depth 300 mm carrying a superimposed ud] of 20 KN/m over a span of | 5'm, if the'temperature of the top surface is 40°C and at bottom surface is 30°C. ‘Assume the temperature to vary linearly over the depth of the beany/ Take coefficient of thermal expansion = 11.7 x 10°/°C E = 210 GN/m* and moment of inertia = 15000 em‘ (oy by: Using influence line diagram prove that for a uniformly distributed load shorter than © span, the bending moment at a section is maximum when the position of the load is such that the section divides the span and the load in the same ratio. (5) 3, 2) Draw influence line diagram for bending moment and shear force st mid span of the beam of span 20 m and determine bending moment and shear force at that section due “to the loads shown in figure using the influence line diagram. 50 KN we flo} 30KN, 10KN/m\ = p-Sm_ 10m Sm b) Draw influence line diagram for forces in member FG and BC of the truss shown in figure below and determine maximum forces in these members when @ single ‘concentrated load 100 KN rolls over the span of the truss. (5) G * pad$. ). {_ Jimitations of real work met Be B)AF wo plastics bars as sho ‘delivered by the axial foic two bas Ng b the same amount of energy ions compare the stresses in (10) ‘etermine most critical position of a stretch of uniform ‘um bending moment-at a given section of a simply h of the uniform distributed load less than the span 3. g) Use influence line diagram to d distribution load to: give maxiny supported beam* Assume the lengt of the beam. b) Determine Ray Ra, S:F. at C and B.M at °C” of the given structure as shown in figure below using influence line diagram concept ‘6 {10} / 1S KNim [SKN |” figuie below. Also draw bending moment diagram 2S Ga b) Explain different types of arches used in various Civil Engineeringystractures. (4 5. 3) Explain with a simple example the steps involved in determining Misplacement ofa point in a structural system applying unit load method. {9 b) A cable is hanging from two points A and B, 80 m apart horizontally. ief end A being lower than the right end by 10 m. It supports 4 uniform load of 1.5 KN/m along the horizontal span. Determine: 09) i) The position of the lowest point if it sag is 7.5 m ii) Length of the cabie iii) Horizontal tension and tension at the two ends. ee os(3 TRIBHUVANUNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING ation Control Division, 2069 Bhadra Y Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable. ¥. Attempt All questions, ¥ The figures inthe margin indicare Assume suitable data if necessary. Full Marks; 1. a) Define strain energy and complementary strain energy. Also derive relationship of strain energy due to bending. {6 b) Determine the vertical deflection of joint H. All the top chord members are subjected to temperature rise of 20°C and all vertical members are 10mm too long. Take o12x10°C, E=200KNimm?. Cross sectional area of each member is 1500mm”. 110) 4m 2. a) Describe the structures based on material used and methods of their analysis. io} b) A.suspension bridge of 120m span has two three hinged stiffening girder supported by two cables having a central dip of 12m. The road way has a width of 6m. The dead Toad on the bridge is SKN/m? while the live load is 1OKN/m? which act on the left half of span. Determine the shear force and bending moment in the girder at 30m from Jet end. Also find maximum tension in the cable for this position of live load 3. a) Explain difference between moment area method and conjugate beam method with suitable examples. b) Using conjugate beam method, find slope and deflection at point (C) of following loaded beam: 112) 120KN , cc WKN/m 0) 14]arise of 25m. A uniformly span of 160m and arch from left to the 4, A three hinged parabolic arch has A aaed load of intensity 30KN/m of length 60m rolls 0° the right. Using the influence line diagram, find the maximum bending moment at 4 section sa rom the right support. Also find normal ¢hrust ‘and radial shear at the section corresponding to the maximum bending moment. 4 5.8), What is influence fine diagram? Explain its ses and advantages in Civil Engineering Hed, °F? i ‘ ; 1) Using influence Tine diagram, obtain member foree AB, following loaded pin-jointed truss as shown in figure below E Go Ie CD, EJ and FH for the {16} (2) (2)arene! lb | sania | Poam OFTERGINETRING Uxamination Control Division | Programme | Hcl 2069 Poush [Wear /Part_ | 107i ~ Subject: - Theory of Structure 3 1 (CESS1) Y Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable. ¥ Attenplany All questions. 53.45. 3 - Y ‘The figures in the margin indtcate Full Marks. Y Assume suitable data if necessary. 1. a) Differentiate between linear and non-linear behavior of structures and explain their ‘uses in theory of structures, a b) A cable is supported at two points 20 m apart at the same level. It is used to suppart three equidistant loads, first load is 40 KN, second is 30KN and third is 20 kN. The central dip of the cable is 0.96 m. find the tength of the cable required and its sectional area if the safe tensile stress is 250 kN/mm”. Also give the geometry (shape and dip) of the cable when it is hanging only with its weight (without the given loads). [10] 2. a) Define and explain strain energy. Use strain energy method to show the deflection dae to shear in an ordinary beam can be neglected in comparison to the deflection due to bending, Assume ratio of Young’s modules to modules of rigidity to be 2.4 and shape * factor for shear 1.2. i} b) Determine, using virtual work method, the vertical deflection of joint Lz, The UA ‘values for diagonal and vertical members are 12 mm” and for horizontal members wre 6 mm, Take E = 200*10? N/mm’ for all members. (i) Find vertical deflection dueto Joads as shown in figure (ii) Find the edditional deflection if the top boom is subjected to a temperature rise of 20°C. Take the value of coeffic. of linear expansion (a) = 10.8*10%/°C. “ » [8] 3. A horizontal girder of steel having uniform section 14 m long is simply supported at its tend, It carries concentrated loads of 120 kN and 80 KN at two points 3 m and 4.5 m frm the two ends supports respectively. Calculate the deflection and slopes of the girder at the point under the loads using moment area method. Take I = 16* 10° mm‘ and E = 210 kNimm’, Verify the results using conjugate beam method. Also find magnitude md Jocation of the maximum deflection in the beam. . te) 4, A three hinged symmetrical parabolic arch has a span of 18 m and rise of 3 m, It carrisa ‘concentrated load of 80 KN at 4.5 m from the right support and a distributed load of $ kNim over half portion. Determine the moment, thrust and radial shear at each 3 m interval and draw their diagrams on horizomtal *X" the arch. (16)4. A three hinged parabolic arch has a span of 160m and a rise of 25m. A uniformly buted load of intensity 30KN/m of length 60m rolls over the arch from left to t . Using the influence line diagram, find the maximum bending moment at a section 50m from the right support, Also find normal thrast and radial shear at the seption corresponding to the maximum bending moment. 5. b) ‘What is influence line diegiain? Explain {ts tisés nnd advantages in Civil- Engineering field. : | b) Using influence line diagram, obtain member force in AB, CD, EJ and FH for the | following loaded pin-jointed truss as shown in figure below. 4m [16] be] (12]444% | 03 ‘TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY (xan, CC Regular INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level BE Full Marks | 80 Examination Control Division | Programme | BCE Pass Marks | 32 2068 Bhadra Year/Part | I/I Time ih Subject: - Theory of Structure Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable Attempt any Five questions. ‘The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks. Assume suitable data if necessary. a) Determine the vertical deflection of joint E of the truss due to (i) loading shown (i) members CE and DE being 8mm too long and (ii) temperature of member CD alone is decreased by 15°C. Given: Cross-sectional area ofall members = 100mm’, young’ modulus = 2 x10°Nimm’, and coefficient of thermal expansion = 12 x 10°C. ») ‘Explain the use of computer based methods in structural analysis. a) For a beam Having 2 rectangular cross-section and subjected to lateral loads, derive an expression for the strain energy due to shear deformation only. +b) The bottom of the’ beam shown below is subjected'to 2 temperature of 200°C, while the temperature of its top is 50°C. If the coefficient of linear expansion a = 12 x 10%/C, determine the vertical displacement of its free end B due to temperature gradient. The beam has a rectangular cross-section with a depth of 30cm, pe ‘Sem a) Explain moment area theorem with suitable example. ') Using conjugate beam method, calculate slope and deflection at point C, free end of the beam, loaded as shown below. EI is constant 1OKN 2KNim 1) (4) (8) (8) (4) (124, a) ‘Draw the influence lines for bending moment and shear Force at @ secion 40m from the left support of a simply supported beam of 25m span. way iG B 15: 10 im 4 b) Draw influence line diagrams forthe forces in members AB, BC and BG of the truss. 1) The load moves in the lower chord of the truss. 5m 10m 4@ 15m=60m 5, A three hinged circular arch has a span of 120m and a rise of 15m. Two point loads of oe Gh and IRN, spaced 10m apart, oll over the arch from left to right with SKN load leading, Using the influence line diagram, find the maximum bending moments at a rane mr tom the Teft support. Also find normal thrust and radial shear atthe same [16 ‘ection corresponding to the maximum bending moment, 6. A suspension bridge, 400i span, has two three-hinged stiffening girders supported by a aaaea with a central dip of 30m. The dead load ofthe bridge is 30 KN/m. nin and in along the centre line of the edition, it supports three point loads of 300KN each placed satay and dividing the span in four equal parts. Calelate the maxiciwm tension and oer tga tension with thei Tcations in the cable andthe Length ofthe cable. (16)a ‘TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Examination Control Division | 2068 Magh V Condidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable. Y Attempt any Five questions. Y The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks. Assume suitable data if necessary. ) Explain principle of superposition with suitable examples. ) An unknown weight falls through 20mm on a collar rigidly attached to the lower end of vertical bar of 4m long and 800mm? in section. If the maximum extension of the rod is to be 3mm, what is the corresponding stress in the rod.and magnitude. of unkiown weight? Take E = 200 GPa 2. a) Explaii the principle of virtual work and write the linfitations of the method of real work. : by’ Determine the vértical deflection of joint E of the truss shown in figure below due to:, 2 the given loading and increase in temperature by 30°C in the members AE and EB. and also due to fact that the members CE and DE are Smm too short. X-sectional area of members is 100mm’. Take Young’s modulus E = 2*10°N/mm’ and linear coefficient of expansion a = 12*10°PC. 100KN 3.) State and prove the two basic theorems on moment area method for determination of deflections in a beam 4) FFind slope at A and deflection at E and C using conjugate beam method. El is constant. 200KN JOOKN 30KNim A aff ic 3m 6m Sm. 3m ] ay (3) ay (6) {10}4, 8) The given load:system crosses overhanging beam shown in figure below, Find the The given Males for the shear and moment at section B, 10m from the tet end rane ovement of load in ether direction withthe 1OOKN load in the lsd, ion 50 50 SOKN B. D pote faba! al b) Determine the maximum foree on member Usla of the tuss shown in figure below ae TYDL of 30 KN/m longer than span traverse along the span of girder. Ur Ur Us Us Us Ww tr Ly : 4x6 =24m — Asymmetrical thre tinged parabolic archi loaded as shown in gute below. Caloulale [2] A project engineer receives a Jaboratory report with tests performed on central material tcaing laboratory, TOE, Pulchowk. The engineer suspects that one of the measurements is in error. Are the engineers suspicions correct? If so, which one of these values is wrong ‘and what should be its correct value? [8] = unit weight of sample = 18.4 kN/m* ‘ys =upjt weight of solids = 26.1 KN /m? w= water content = 40% e = voids ratio = 1.12 $= degree of saturation = 95% Compare the Plasticity chart provided to classify fine grained soil in USCS, ISSCS and BSCS. (8] What is the effect of increased surface area on the properties of soils? Illustrate by Siena diagrams how the clay minerals Kaolinite, [lite and Montmorillonite are forme: 04) An embankment for a highway 30-m wide and 1.5 m. com ickness i d pacied thickness is constructed from a sandy soil trucked from a borrow pit. The water content of the nay soil in the borrow pit is 15% and its void ratio is 0.69. The specification requires the embankment be compacted to a dry unit weight of18 KN/m', Determine for 1 bm lene of embankment the following: Seat i) The weight of sandy sil fom the b ) cight of sandy soil from the borrow pit required to co r s mstruct the em Cl ii) The numberof 10m? tuck load of sandy sol required for the comment t ii) ‘The degree of saturation of the sandy soil in situ Determine the effective stress at 2m, 4m, You = 21 KNim’, Water table is 2 m below capillary rise up to ground surface. Also dra What is a flow net? Desert earth mas K = coefficier h= head Ni ~ number of flow channels ~ Number of equipotential drops 6m 8m and 10m in a soil mass having ground surface, Above water table there is Ww total siress diagram up to 10.00m, 5 ibe its properties and ‘ 5 given by, q= Ktht(NyNg) uses, Prove that the discharge through an ent of permeability: [14245] (10)«. amelevated structure with total weight of 10,000 KN is supported on a tower with 4 * Tags. The legs rest on piers located at the corners of a square 6 m ona side. What is the erement duc to this loading at point 7 m beneath the center of the yertical stress structure? .\ building is constructed in site having 4m thick clay layer. The effective stress in mid of clay layer is 60 KN/m’. The oedometer test analysis gives preconsolidation pressure of clay is 100 KN/t cocfiicient of compression 0.32, coefficient of recomprerssion 0.12 and intial void ratio 0.27. Calculate the settlement due to consolidation if i) Building increase 30 KN/m? stress at mid of clay layer ii) Building increase 80 KN/m’ stress at mid of clay layer ). Draw a typical st train and volume change characteristics curves for loose sands and dense sands from consolidated drained test. An unconfined compression test was carried out ona saturated clay sample. The maximum load the clay sustained was 127 N and the vertical displacement was 0.8 mm. The size of the sample was 38 mm diameter and Jomm long, Determine the undrained shear strength, Draw Mohr's circle of stress for the test and locate undrained shear strength (cy). 11. Define factor of safety. How can you calculate the factor of safety in C-9 analysis? eee 8] [545] +7] [145]lowing results refer to th [No.of Blow — ‘and 24% respectively. Determine the plast te soil structures in 2 types of soil depend natural soil S. 4, What is the effect of compaction on the engin you decide whether the soil sbould be compact optimum? inp ‘or the subsoil conditions as shown in figure below, stress distribution up to the bottom of the clay layer. ering properties of the soil? How would ed the dry of the optimum or the wet of plot the total, neutral and effective i] (a fo} 6. Derive an equ 7. Arectangul ie unk See ae 4m x2 mis uniformly loaded with a load intensity of 100 KNém* at a aac mitre Demi: te voice ase st depth 3 m below a point within the an m away from th lige! ‘ i Ys reales pa em he shone and 0.5 m away from the long edge. Use for topmost flow line in case of a homogeneous earth dam. 8}lew mama thick used in oedometer consolidation < stidation. If same clay of 5 m thick is in between roc i is test. C During ad fer joe month for $0% wid layer in sine, Ci sulate the time required for 90% consolidation in site a S sation of building, in site 7 DO 7 4. A consolidated undrained test was conducted on a clay specimen and the following Tesult {10} [Geil pressure (KN) 700 | 400_|_660 et stress (KN/m’) 118 240 352 I essure at failure (Kam) | 110 [220 | 320 | Determine the shear strength parameter with respect to effective stress. 10. An embankment is {0 be made from a soil with Cy = 20 KN/m?, bu = 20° and 20 kNim?, If a factor of safety of 1.5 with respect to shear strength is required for the 1 abankment slope, determine the limiting height ‘of the slope, if built at a slope angle of (6) es rdJASEELO TR OF PNGINERRING Level ut Pvamination Control Division Programme BCE Pass Marks | 32 207 Magh Year) Part wu J Time 3 hrs. Subject: - Soil Mechanics (¢ © Canlidates aus required to give their answvers da their own words as fir as practicable, © ttre AN questions . sin Ondine Bull Marky 4) Detine Soil Mechanics and weite its importance, What type of Geo-technical problems may ogcur in Civil Engineering and lnfiastrusture Devetopment, deseribe in briet { ning its natural moisture content, weighs 0.333 N. The specifie 30, After oven-drying, the soil sample weighs 0.202 s svil is 2 the mioist Sample, before oven-drying, found by displacement of gree of Determine the moisture content, void ratio and de; W) Actay su y of solids of ereury is 24.30 om Is] on of the soil of modified AASHTO compaction [1245] feature: on? Explain the saliey test, How will you control the compaction in the field? 460 mm long $2.5 mm contains @ column of fine dows through it under constant head at arate of 191 mlimin, the loss of waveen two points 280 mm apart is 380 mm, Calculate coefficient of is made on same sample using a stand pipe of fall from 1560 mm to m ameter of di If falling head tes 1n What time the water level in stand pipe » beat 2 ine phrcatic fine and write down the procedure fo construct pheraie fine om any Eauthen Dam w ketch 18] my A point load of 140 KN is applied at the ground surface, Construct a pressure bulb hy posed becomes 20% of the applied load. {8} the result of triaxial test, derive the relation for th 2cis of minor principle stress (63) and shear sts ple stress (¢ nnd ©). + of clay 4m thick is subjected to loading that increases the average from 185 kPa to 310 KPa. Given m, = 0.00025 m/KN, cal stress fi (C. = 0.75 m*/year, determine the total settlement, e end of f yea iii) the time iv) the tim a days for 25 mim of settlement to occur. the void ratio effective stress diagram and define coefficient of compr 3. a) Dr 8 \efine Normally Consolidated and Over Consolidated Clay. [3+2+3) and compression Indev. D An infinite slope ltas an inclination of 26° with the horizontal. It is underlain by a firey cohesive soil having Gis = 2.72 and ¢ = 0.52. There isa thin weak layer 6 m below and 25 kPa, 6° = 16°), Compute the factors of safety when (1) the lel to the slope at the slope level {8} to the slope (¢" ground water flows par para slope is dry. and (ioe TRMUVANENIVERSITY Fam INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level BE examination Control Division Programme BCE 2070 Bhadra Year/Part 11/Il ‘Subject: - Soil Mechanics (CES52) are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable, — ¥ Candidat Attempt All questions Y The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks ¥ “Assume suitable data if neceSsary 4) Define soil and soil mechanics. Also define flow index and toughness index of soil. [2+2] ) A sample of soil with liquid limit of 72.8% was found to have a liquidity index of Pot and water content of 81.3%, What are its plastic limit and plasticity index? Ot 2, A sample of inorganic soil has the following grain size characteristics (8) Size (mm) Percent passing 200) 35 “The liquid limit is 50% and plastic limit 40%. Classify the soil according to the AASHTO classification system. 5 What are soil structure and fabrics? Explain electrical charges on clay minerals. I) 44. Enlist the reasons for the maximum dry density obtained in field not being equal to that saened in the laboratory. Also prove that the energy applied in the modified proctor test se 4.56 times greater than that of the standard proctor test- 5. 2) Mention the effect of the seepage flow on the effective sess 14] b) A tube well is driven in a confined aquifer of 24 m-thick. The aquifer is met 25 m below ground level. The static water table is 15 m below ground level. The discharge Or tube well is found to be 6000 m’/day when the draw down in the well is 12.25 m. Find the diameter of the tube well when the radius of the circle of influence (R) is 300 m. Take the permeability 24.5 m/day- fa homogeneous earth dam with 6. Derive an equation for topmost flow line in case © horizontal filter at the base. {8] {4421 (6) contour for the significant depth for a single 7. What is significant depth? Draw the stress © concentrated load of 1000 KN acting at the ground surface, [2+6] 8. a) Explain the factors that affect the degree of consolidation. 4) b) A stratum of clay is 2 m thick and has an jnitial overburden pressure of 50 KNém? at its middle. Determine the final settlement due to an increase in pressure of 40 KN/m” aan rgdle of the clay layer. The elay is over consolidated, with a pre-consolidation pressure of 75 KNim?, The values of the coefficients ‘of recompression and Compression index are 0.05 and 0,25 respectively. Take the ‘itial void ratios 1.40. (8) 9. ) Explain Mobr Coulomb failure criterion. State major principle plane, intermediate plane and minor principle plane. 15} b) Explain with figure the procedure of triaxial shear test. ts} plain the various types of factor of safety related in stability of slope. Write a differences between finite and infinite slope. >) Explain fricti }) Explain friction circle method of stability of slope.4 i if 9 Candidates are required to give their ansy 3 Aitempt All questions, The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks Assume mitable data if necessary, |. a) Explain the types of problems thet geotechnical engineer faces. What are the types of clay minerals of engineering interest? [2+4] b) The following results refer to the liquid limit test (3] {[Noofblows 133 7 atent (Ye) | 41.5 ‘The plastic limit from two tests were 23% and 24% respectively. Determine the plasticity index and toughness index for the soil. . How do you identify the fine grain scil in the field? Explain the process of the classification of the fine soil with the help of plasticity chart. GA] a) Whatis difference between compaction and consolidation? i b) How'will engineering properties of soil be improved by compaction. * Bb) State quick send condition. A. sand deposit consists of two layers the top layer is 3 m thick (p=1800 kg/m’) and the bottom layer is 3.5 m thick (psat = 2500 kg/m’). The water table is ata depth of 4m from the surface and zone of capillary saturation is | m above the water table. Draw the diagram showing the variation of total stress, neutral stress and effective stress. * (2-8) he flow 2 non-hom: i mass. Prove that the stream fimetion fies the laplace equation. Explain the protective filters for prevention of erosion. {2~4+2} bulb. 14] b) A stip footing of width 2 m carries a load of 400 KNim. Calculate the maximum stress at a depth of $ m below the center line of the footing. Compare the results with 2:1 distribution method. t 4) Mention the process of the drawing th ional me method with square root of eH] ) State the Mohr failure theory and derive the Mokr Coulomb equation. my b) In a CD test, a specimen of saturated sand fails under an additional stress of 250 KNim? wien the cell pressure was 100 KN/m”, Draw the Mohr circle and determine: [6] i) Angle of shearing resistance - f ii) Inclination of failure plane wit 7 : iif) Values of sheas and normal stress on the Failure plane. : the failure, determine the safe angie of the slope. [67 slopesom } *csgmination Control : 2069 Bhadra / Candidates are required to give their anewersi, 4, a Y Attempt AU questions. Answers in their own words as far as The figures in the margin indica m te Full Marks v Assume suitable data if, necessary, practicable, 1. a) What is soil fabric? Why are the spac i : 0 a pace between mineral particles i r geotechnical engineers and what is it called? Sine ee 4) The results of a particle size analysis are shown in the table below: Sievesize, (mm) | 63 | 37.5 191132195 | 6.7 | 475 | 236 | 1.18 | 06 | 0212] 0.075 Mass retained, (g) | 0 26 | 28/18 |20 |49 50_| 137 | 46 [31 | 34 30 The total mass was 469g. Plot the particle siZe disuibution curve and determine the coefficient of uniformity, coefficiemt of curvature and soil description as per BSCS and AASHTO. 8) What are different types of soil structure which can occur in nature? Deseribe in brief. 4) The moisture content of a specimen of a clay is 22%, The specific gravity of solid is 2.70. (i) Plot the variation of void ratio with degree of saturation and caleulate the void ratio and wet densities at 50% saturation. (ii) A sample of this soil with initial degree of saturation of 50% is isotropically compressed to achieve a void ratio of Caleulate the volume change in terms of percentage of the initial volume. How uch of this volume change is due to the outward flow of water from the sample? a) How would you check whether the desired compa n is achieved in the field? ) For the subsoil conditions shown in figure below draw the total, neutral and effective stress diagram up to a depth of 8m. Neglect capilary flow. clay epee oe Bae “4, 2) What are the basic assumptions in Boussinesq’s theory of stress dstibution in soils? Determine vertical pressure distfbution on a horizontal plane at given depth below the ground surface due to point load applied at the ground surface. b) A flow net for seepage under the sheet piling is shown in figure below. Estimate approximately the quantity of seepage in cum/day/m. length of the piling, if the permeability of the sand is 5x107cmv/S. If the’ saturated a ed unit weight of sind is 19kNim’, what is the factsr of safety against piping in front of the piles. > Pai hice (4) (8] (4) (8) {6] {19} ‘8 {8}COTS 3 80 or ‘TRIBEUVAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ENGINFERING Examination Controi Division 2069 Poush 2 \ 3h "Subject: - Soil Mechanics (CF552) Y Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable. Y Attempt All questions. ~ The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks. Y Assume suitable data if necessary 1. a) Define the term ‘soil? and ‘soil mechanics’. Write down its importance: 2) b) A sample of clay was coated with paraffin wax and its mass, including the mass of wax was found to be 697.5em. The sample was immersed in water and the volume of the water displaced was found to be 355 ml. The mass of the sample without wax was 690.0 gm, and the water content representative specimen was 18%. Determine the bulk density, dry density, void ratio and the degree of saturation. The specific gravity of the solids was 2.70 and that of wax was 0.89. (8) a) Differentiate the standard and modified proctor test. Explain the role of water in the compaction. (412) b) A fine sand deposit is located between the ground surface to a depth of 10m. The soil has an average void ratio of 0.70 and specific gravity of solids of 2.65. The water table is found at a depth of 4m below the ground level. Above the water table the degree of saturation of sand is 55%. Determine the total stress, pore water pressure and effective stress at a depth of 8 m below the ground surface. Calculate also the change in the effective stress if the soil gets saturated up to a height of 1m above the water table due to capillary action. [5+5] 3. a) How can the soil be classified by the textural soil classification system? Explain it with neat diagrams. b) What are the various minearls in the clay soil? Describe them. 4. a) Describe the properties of flow nets. Explain the process of flow net construction in an earthen dam. b) An elevated structure with a total weight of 10,000 KN is supported on a tower with 4 legs. The legs rest on piers located at the comers of a square 6 m on a side. What is the vertical stress increment due to this loading at a point 7 m beneath the centre of the structure, 5. a) Discuss Terzahi’s theory of consolidation, stating the various assumption and their validity. b) Calculate the final settlement of the clay Jayer shown in figure due to an increase of pressure of 30 KN/m? at mid-height of the layer. Take yy = ]OKN/m’. 2, [8] (4) (345) {8} {4} (6PETIA OR Sand 1, = 20kN/m* 6. a) What is Mohr’ ‘Sstength theory for soils? Sketch typical strength envelops for a clean sand. (4] b) A scries of direct shear test wa; 's conducted on a soil, each test carried out till the sample failed. The following res: ‘ults were obtained, (6] 32 gle of shearing resistance, Determine the cohesion intercept and the an, 7. What are the assumption that are generally made in the analysis of slopes? Discuss briefly their validity. {6] ueRegular Fxam 7 uli Marks sapuvan VNIVERSITY \ iii Is ’ AN INEERING [LSP NSTHTU TE OF EN sign. | Programe | abe y + yivision: Por! ine pexamination € ‘ontro} Division \\ eat TTI, iti soos Bland Subject. - Soil Mechamies. % th gin une owh'words as far as practicable sanaidaies ave yequiredd to give tei answer agin indicate Full Marks, giaph paper will be provided, ka tf necessary. ena x) Explain the diffrent modes of soil formation, Differentiate betwer™ residual” and se mnsported” soils, Whilsis clay mineral? Mention-the pes of clay miners explain any one of it aith neat sketch. +) Twp coils A and 1B ave mixed dry in proportion of 30%:70% by mass. The specific’ pravity of soil A WMD are 2.60 and 2.70 respectively. IF the bulk density of mixed ernie 18 ganicc at 15% water content, determine void ratio and degree of saturation, a) Why ch sification of soil is required in Civil Engineering? What are common von aystenss? How do you classify a soil by the B.S. classification system? Explam with neat sketch. >) A pumping test was made in a medium sand having depth of saturation 20m, where a ed of clay was encouatered. The normal ground avater level was at the surface. Observation wells were located at 4m and-10m-fromo.the pumping well, Ata discharge ‘of 2m'/min fom the pumping well, a steady state was attained in 24 hours. The draw _ dGarrartmtawell was Tinir and at 10 mtr was 0.S:ntr. Draw neat sketch and compte the permeability of soil. If draw down is 6m in the main well and dia of tube-well is 30cm then what is the distance between center of well and. jowri. a) Define Flow net, write its characteristics and derive the expression’ for seepage \elscharge through any earten structure in terms of Ny (Number of potential drop) and Ny (Number of flow channel), k (coeff, of permeability) and H (head of water). 1b)» The following results were obtained from a standard compaction test: (Mass of compacted soil, g | 19205 | 2051.5 [ 2138.5 | 21470 | 2120 | 20 Densityekegam( 2 7 i i os {12.8 [13.6 | 146 163 (8) 18) (8) pt [4+] (24244) (8) The specific gravity of the solids is 2.68, and the volume of the compaction mould is }000cm", Plot the compaction curve and cbtain the maximum dry density and + optimum moisture content, Plot also the O%, 5% and 10% air voids curves. At the " sim dry density, calculate the void ratio, degree of saturation and air content. If tener movstre content in the field is 11.8%, what will be the possible maximum cry density if the soil is compacted with its natural moisture content? @) What are the different standard wiavial shear Explain with ni : tests with respect to drainage conditions? = ee the situations for which each test is preferred. Explain the Moly: ‘oul vength envelope. Skete:t = plain the Mohi- Savon Me p and explain the stress-strain relationship for dense 4 + ilehe ground surface anck caries jayer ayists Sm below the jcal stress increment a 2 2A. Compute (1) The vert ¢ ing’s theory, (ji) Consolidation settlement of clay fr. cofiesive sort de onsolidation seitlement of Gq, initial overburden press s of Bo Cue 10 the Lignive the expression to obtain ct ness Ho, initial void ratio, (Ce), if there is’ incrsase in ef puildang. clive st Vertical to 2 horizonte! slope Sm high vsing fry a5 shown in the Figure below ‘The and its centroid is located 2.96m to or of safety for a1 which Xe = 4.5m and Y, Gross & the sliding mass is 40.22mn" the ng lof the center of the trial circle. The soil properties are: C, = 18KPa, $u = 0 an = 18kNim?07 | TRIBHUVANUNIVEREiTY Taam i __ INSHITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level er Examination Control Division | Programme BCE 2068 Magh Year Part Wi N ip Subject: - Soil Mechanics sable. 7 5 as far 5 practicaby ¥ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words 2s ¥ Attempt any Five questions ¥ The figures inthe margin indicate v full Marks. Assume suitable data tj necessary. a compaction : 2 What is a co fe 1a) What are the different types of soil based on its formation? Wha J curve? Drawy 2 compaction curve and describe its salient features, capi a ontent of 10%. 3 ater © Nim? and water coment | oe 1 10 raise the water b) A natural soil deposit has a bulk unit weight ural soil deposit has a bulk wnt weight of L7AN/m ans ies Determine the amount of water required to be content to 15%, Assume void ratio to remain constant. Sie ae affect_soil structure? is? How do they affect soi [2+244} What are the different types of clay mineral: Write down the capilarity in soil. : it was, In a falling head permeability test, head ‘vausing flow was intially SOs on it dropped by 2 em in 5 min, How much time is required for head to fall to : Describe the procedure to draw phreatic lie on an earthen dam’ and derive the 4) b) (8) expression for seepage discharge through it. : 2) a A sand deposit consists of two layers. The top layer is 3.5m thick (y = 18kN/m’) and bottom layer is 4.0m thick (ysu = 20kN/m’). The water table is at the depth of 4.5m below the" ground level’and the zone of ‘capitlary saturation is Im above the water tablé. Draw the stress diagram showing the variation of total stress, por€ water (8} b) pressure and effective stress. a) Derive the expression for vertical stress at a poitt Idying at depth “Z”, radial distance + “r" and at polar racial distance “R” due to point load “Q acting at ground surface. {8} B b) A Cohesion less soil is tested in lab where nominal stress is ]00KPa_and horizontal stress of 75 KPa. Determine: (i) angle of internal friction (ii) major and minor {8} principle stresses, Use Mohr’s circle. Derive the relation for consolidation settlement of clayey’soil having initial thickness (Ho), initial void ratio (¢), initial effective stress (0) and compression index (Ce) due to increase in effective stress (Ao’). (8] b) Analyse the slope made up of clay having ¢* = 30kpa, g” = 20°, = 0.65 and G=27 under the following different conditions (i) when the soil is dry and (ii) when the + slope is submerged in yer whose total settlement under a given loading is expecied to 6. a) A compressible 20cm, settles 4 cm at the end of 2 ‘months. How’ marly months will be required { reach « settlement of 10cm, Assume double drainage . a 18) b) Write short notes on: (any two) 4 i) Stress path Pet) ii) Field identification of soil i - ii) Index piopesties of soila ‘TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY Full Marks | #0 INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Pass Marks | 32 Examination Control Division | ime tr 2075 Baisakh oh ae Subject ~ Surveying Il (C#550__- we ‘andidates are required 10 give their answers in their own words as far as practicable, ¥ Attempt All questions. v v ‘The figures in the margin indicate ‘Full Marks, “Assume suitable data if necessary. _ Explain significance of traversing and describe about the accuracy parameters of horizontal and vertical control of traverse. 2. Explain about the method of plotting of traverse ina the Gale’s Table and find the co-ordinates 0! standard grid sheet. all the points if the co-ordinate of C is (1000N, 1500E) from, the following data. zs S.No | Line | Length (m) | Bearing (WCB) | 1 [AB | 66.60 30° 30” 2 [BC |_135.70 102° 48" 3_[ ep | 66:30 95° 40" 4 | DE 76.60 198° 8 5 EA 214.30 284° 1" 4, Explain the principle of Tacheometric survey and also derive the formula to determine the houzontal disiance and RL of the object with respect to instrument station when the staff is held in vertical. 5. A tacheometer fitted with an anallatic lens and having multiplying constant of 100 was setup at station ‘P*. The following readings were taken with the staff held vertically. S| Staff Station | Bearing | Vertical Angle | Staff intercept | Axial bair reading | 1 x 40°35' | - 10°20" 2.25 1,987 2 Y 70°10 | _ +7°30" 2.05 1,500 Calculate the distance XY and the gradient between X and %. 6. What are the important characteristics of contour? Explain with sketches. 7. Explain about the reciprocal trigonometrical levelling and express mula for computing elevation difference. ingines ome 8. Stations A, B and C have the following respecti i ; pective coordinates (2876.24 mE, 8754.11 aN), (810.80 mE, 7997.25 mN) and (2959.39 mE, 7487.09 = respectively. Station ‘was established and following observations were recorded by a theodolite. Pointing towards Horizontal Circle Readings a 90° 00" 00” E 230° 58°51" * 313° 17' 05" ad 90° 00°30" Determine the coordinates of resection point ‘O”, (4) (4) (8) (8) (8 (5) m19, Itis required to join two straights having a total deflection angle 18° 36° by a central circular curve of radius 450 m with two ends cubic spiral transition curves. The design velocity is70 kmph and rate of change of radial acceleration is 30 cm/sec’, Chainage of IP = 2524.20 m. Take Peg interval for circular and transition curve = 20 m for both. 10. A grade of -0.7% is followed by another grade of + 0.5%. The two ends of these portons are connected by a parabolic vertical curve. The chainage and RL. of intersection point are 1000 and 650 m respectively. Calculate RLs of all the points on the curve, Take peg interval of 20 m and rate of change of grade is 0.1% per 20 m. 11, Write short notes on: (Any Four) a) Importance of GPS and GIS b) Scale of vertical photograph and uses of photo grammetry ©) Features of total station and its uses ) Types of remote sensing and its application ©) Setting out of circular curve by Rankine’s method {8} (3) [4x4]ls INSTITUTE OF ENGIN! ING | Level BE | Full Marks i 80 : | | Examination Control Division | Programme | BCE | Pass Marks 3200 | 2074 Bhadra Year/Part |U/ | Time 3 hrs. | Subject: - Surveying Il (CES54) Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable. Attempt All questions, The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks. Assume suitable data if necessary. SA88/ - 8) Howa linked traverse is balanced? How total misclosure is balanced by Transit Rule? 19) b) Calculate the omitted quantities in the closed traverse ABCDE given below. tio) Line [Length | Bearing | AB | 282.20 | 61°30" BC |? 151°24' | CD_| 324.70 | 201°02' | DE_| 381.60 | 280°14' EA_| 359.60 |? 2. a) Compute RL of a hill station ‘P* from two instrument stations A and B at very different level with same line of sight to that of target from the following informations. 15 Inst St” | Inst ht Zenith angle | . i ne Distance & Target ht and RL A_| 142 [P| 65°18" | 304°36" | Distance between A and B= 120.00m B_ {1.47 | P| 69°52" | 290°00" RL of B= 1280.00 m A 1.42 | B [102°52' | 257°16" Target at B= 150m | b) What is stadia interval factor and additive constant? How these constants are determined? GB) ©) Following observations were made in a Tacheometric survey a station A of RL 186.550, the height of instrument being 1.385 m. (8) Tnst. Station | HJ. _| Staff Station | Bearing | Zenithal Angle [ Staff Reading A 1.385 B 18°00" | 71°30"__| 1.295, 1.820, 2.345 | ar 127°00 | _96°00"__| 1.010, 1.790, 2.570 The instrument is fitted with an anallactic lens and the multiplying constants is 100. Determine the R.L of B and C and the gradient of line BC, and bearing of BC. 3. a) How do you define contour interval, contour gradient and index contour? Explain the main characteristics of Contours with neat sketch. b) What is the different between Intersection and Resection? Explain three point Resection Method to determine the unknown co-ordinate of a point {6 ai isiddhi (D) and Chovar it known stations Swoyambhu (S), Harisiddhi (D) ar : a ls A traverse point “O” is set outside of this. triangle and ans, are taken for horizontal angle to these known co-ordinate points, at Calculate the co-ordinate of station point “O”. °) Northing, m_ - 7 aia | aown Station [Horizontal Angle | Fasting, m_| Northir Swevamibhu (S) | 10°, fis approximately proportional to the cube root of the roughness, determine the diameter of pipe for which the pumping costs would be halved. Neglect all head losses other than Pipe friction. How are the running costs altered if n pipes of equal diameter are used in parallel to give the same total flow rate at the same Reynolds number as for a single pipe? 8]i i Cl 10 km. 4. Diffe in leve 00 m and distance between them is reservoir ie epeeteen two SS any 200 Ips. Calculate the diameter of the The reservoir is ¢ ee : pipe and length payer a sing nich is connected to increase the rate of flow by 5x10° livday with same ciency pipe. Take friction factor for all pipes 0.03. 5. Define gradually varied, rapidly varied and spatially varied of flow with examples. 6. A 3.5 m wide rectangular channel carries a discharge of 10 m’/s at a depth of 1.75m. If the width of the channel ig reduced to 2.25 m and bed level is lowered by 0.97 m, determine the difference in water level elevation between upstream and contracted Fa (8) [2%3) section. Assume no energy loss, 7. A cireular culvert has a capacity of 0.5 m'/s when flowing full. Velocity should not be Jess than 0.7 m/s if the depth is one-fourth the diameter. Assuming uniform flow, determine diameter and slope taking manning’s n = 0.012. 7) 8. A rectangular channel carrying a discharge of 40 m’/sec a 16m wide having slope 1/5000 and Manning’s coefficient n = 0.024. The depth of flow in a particular section is 1.5 m, Find how far upstream of downstream of this section the flow depth is 2.5m. Determine direct step method calculate the length of profile taking the type of flow profile and using 3 steps for calculation. {10} 9. Define specific force. Derive momentum equation for rectangular channel section. Draw a hydraulic jump profile and indicate conjugate depths using the specific force diagram. [8] 10. Write down the design procedures of mobile boundary channel using maximum permissible velocity method with appropriate expressions. Also describe Shield’s (4+3] approach of predicting critical tractive force. teoO TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY Kxam, 3ERING Level | BE Examination Control Division | Programme | Bi 2073 Bhadra Year/Part | Ii Subject: - Hydraulic: Y Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable. Y Attempt All questions, Y The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks, Y Assume suitable data if necessary. 1, Ina hydro dynamically rough pipe of 100 mm diameter, the ratio of velocities at 10 mm and 30 mm from the pipe wall is 0.838, Determine the average height of the wall roughness, shear stress at the wall and mean velocity of flow if velocity at 30 mm is 1.90 mvs. 2. A single uniform pipe joins two reservoirs. Calculate the percentage increase of flow rate obtainable if, from the mid-point of this pipe, another of the same diameter is added in parallel to it. Assume equal friction factor for both pipes and neglect minor losses. (8] 3. A reservoir A feeds two lower reservoirs B and C through a single pipe 10 km long, 750 mm diameter having a downward slope of 2.210", This pipe then divides into two branch pipes, one 5.5 km long laid with a downward slope of 275x107 (going to B), the other 3 km long having a downward slope of 3.2x10° (going to C). Calculate the necessary diameters of the branch pipes so that the steady flow rate in each shall be 0.24 m’/s, when the level in each reservoir is 3 m above the end of the corresponding (8) pipe. Neglect all losses except pipe friction and take f = 0.025 throughout. fo} 4. Discuss Water hammet phenomenon. Develop Euler's equation as well as continuity equation for unsteady flow. {8} 5. Define steady Non uniform and spatially varied flow. Give at least two examples of each flows. BI 6. a) Design an economical trapezoidal channel with a velocity of 0.6 m/s. The side slope Z of cannel is 1.5 and conveys a discharge of 3 m’/s. Take manning's coefficient as 0,003. Also find the required bed slope. 16) b) Define hydraulic exponent. Show that the value of hydraulic exponent for rectangular section is equal to 10/3. (4) 7. 9) Water flows in a 4 m wide rectangular channel at a depth of 1.8 m and velocity |4m/s. The channel is contracted to a width of 1.25m in particular reach. Is the floc, Possible in given specific energy? If not, what should be the discharge in channel ey that flow is possible in the given specific energy? Also determine the depth of flow se contracted section and upstream of contracted section, 24243») Figure shows flow through the slvice gate provided in a rectangular channe} of width 10m. If the discharge in the channel is 7m’/s, determine the force exerted by water in the gate, Take momentum correction factor equals to 1.15, (3 8, What is a mild slope? Justify analytically the nature of surface profiles (both upstream and downstream end) for mild slope. +4) 9. The partial water surface profile shown in figure below is for a rectangular channel of 3 m width in which water is flowing at a discharge of Sm’/sec. a) Does a hydraulic occur in a channel? If so, is it located upstream on downstream at {3} point A? >) Draw and name water surface profile. 5] 04m | 1 A Horizontal section 10. Why shear stress reduction factor "K" is necessary while designing the mobile boundary channel? Explain the design procedures (step by step) of mobile boundary channel by maximum permissible velocity approach. [2+4)or ‘TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING ee Control Division | Programme 2073 Magh 5 Subject: - Hydraulics ( ¥ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable. ¥ Attempt All questions. Y The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks. Y Assume suitable data if necessary. 1. Determine the size of steel pipe required to carry water at 30 I/s if the permissible energy gradient is 0.05. Will the boundary act as smooth or in transition? (8) 2. Two reservoirs are joined by a sharp-ended flexible pipe 100 mm diameter and 36 m long. The ends of the pipe differ in level by 4 m; the surface level in the upper reservoir is 1.8 above the pipe inlet while that in the lower reservoir is 1.2 m above the pipe outlet. At determine the greatest height to which the pipe may rise at the barrier if the absolute pressure in the pipe is not to be less than 40kPa, Consider all losses, (Take atmospheric pressure = 101.3 kPa). [8] 3. In the reservoir system of figure Z,= 65 m, Zc = 40 m, Za = 70 m, BD = 900 m of 10 cm diameter pipe, AD = 600 m of 2.5 cm diameter pipe and DC = 150 m of 15 cm diameter pipe. Using f= 0.025 and neglecting minor losses, determine the flow in each pipe, [10] 70m Horizontal datum4. Discuss water hammer phenomenon Describe with neat sketches, the one cycle pressure wave propagation in a pipe connected to a reservoir, when the valve is closed suddenly located at the end of pipe. [3] One cycle represents t= 0 to t= 4L/C 5. Define steady- nonuniform and steady- uniform flow hive at least two examples for each flow. B) 6. a) Define hydraulic exponent. Show that the value of hydraulic exponent for triangular section is equal to 16/3. (4) b) A trapezoidal channel having side slope of 1:1 has to carry a flow of 15 m?/s. The bed slope is 1 in 1000. Chezy's C is 45 if the channel is unlined and 70 if the channel is ined with concrete, The cost per m’ of excavation is 3 times cost per m? of lining. Find which arrangement is economical [6] 7. a) Find the expression for specific force and prove that when the specific force is ‘minimum the flow is critical. (51 b) The width of a rectangular channel is reduced gradually from 3m to 2 m and the floor is raised by 0.3 m at a given section, When the approaching depth of flow is 2.05 m, what rate of flow will be indicated by a drop of 0.2 m in the water surface elevation at the contracted section? m 8. What is a steep slope? Justify analytically the nature of surface profiles (both upstream and downstream end) for steep slope. (144) 9. Water is flowing from reservoir A to lake C via point B through a rectangular channel section of 4 m wide as shown in figure. The length of AB and BC are 100 m and the conesponding elevations are shown in figure. The normal depth above point B is 0.5 m taking Mapping's n = 0.025 and ignoring energy losses except in hydraulic jump. a) Determine the water surface elevation for upper reservoir. BI b) Is there any possibility of formation of hydraulic jump? If so find the parameters of jump and its location. (4) ©) Showall possible water surface profiles, B) 10. With respect to design principle, distinguish between rigid boundary and mobile boundary channels. Explain the physical meaning of shear reduction factor "k" while designing mobile boundary channel. (no need derivation of any equatio te (31 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Fall Mane oO Examination Control Division ie : | 2072 Ashwin Subject: = Hyd their own words as far as practicable. Y Candidates are required to give their answers Y Attempt Al questions. Y The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks. Y Assume suitable data if necessary. 1. A horizontal pipe 60mm in diameter carries oil of specific gravity 0.8. The pressure difference between two sections Skm apart is found to be 200 kPa. The oil flowing through the pipe is collected in a tank. It is found that 1962 N of oil is collected in 4 minutes, Compute the dynamic viscosity of the oil. Assume the flow to be laminar and verify it, Also, find the velocity at a distance of 20 mm from the pipe wall (44242) 2, Two reservoirs are connected by a pipe 1000 m long of diameter 300 mm. The pipe passes over a hill whose height is 5 m above the level of water in the upper reservoir. The difference in water levels in the two reservoirs is 13 m. If the absolute pressure of water anywhere in the pipe is not allowed to fall below 1.2 m of water in order to prevent cavitations, calculate the length of pipe in the portion between the upper reservoir and the hill summit; and also the discharge through the pipe. Assume the reservoirs are open to the atmosphere having atmospheric pressure of 760 mtn of mercury. Take friction factor, £= 0.032 and neglect bend losses. (8] 3. For the three reservoir system of figure below Z; = 29 m, Li = 80 m, 2) = 129 m, L; = 150 m, Zs = 69 mand L; = 110 m. All pipes are 250 mm diameter concrete with roughness height 0.5 mm, Compute the flow rates. Take v = 1.02x16%m’/s, You are not allowed to use the Moody's chart. {10} * * A ty 4 Ly ¥ 4, Explain the water hammer phenomenon and mention i i ; n its equation for unsteady flow through pipe. a 45) 5. Define the following; non-perismatis q i i ee channel, spatially varied flow, hydraulic slope, ta 6. a) Detain the most economical section of a trapezoidal channel with side slope of il, sarin 4 discharge of 9m°s with a velocity of 0.75 m/s. Take Manning's 5 mac, For conveying the same discharge, ifa rectangular channel 1:2 m deep and Provided, what would be the saving in power per km length of channel? [4+2]sit of flow is equal to 94% of the b) Using Manning's i 2 ti diameter for the eaiot show that the Q&T 1 cireular channel considering Saat dis filled most °° “) 7. A trapezoidal channel of ‘ <4e slope of 2 horizontal 0 1 vertical cartes a flow of 60 cumens ot 6 aes sere is a smooth transition to a rectangular section 6 m waste hy a gradual lowering of the channel bed by 0.6 m (i) Find the depth of wat ee rectangular section and the change in water surface level. (ii) Incase the drat nang surface evel is fo be restricted to 0.3 m, What is the amount by which the bed ash te iowered? ‘Assume no losses. (6+6) 8. a) Sketch the flow profile, 3] — sate b) Justify analytically the nature of surface profiles in critical sloped channels. (5) 9. Water in a horizontal channel accelerates smoothly over a bump and then undergoes hydraulic jump as in figure below, ify: = ! m, ys 30 cm, estimate v1, vs, ys and bump height h. Neglect friction. {6 10.) Explain the Tractive Force Method of designing Mobile boundary channel. GB) i i 1 for a dise 3 Sie b) Design a regime channel scharge of 75 m’/s and soil particle size of 0.65 mm using Lacey's method. Assume suilable side slope of channel. BIsRYBHUVAN UNIVERSITY hee. CAMEO Ty 5 | reli Maria 42 } | Level 06 INSTITUT! OF ENGINEERING Examination Control Division Programine | DCE,D. Agr. | Paas Mi ly in ats eld +i | 2072 Magh 7 # ¥ear/: Subject: - Uydraulics (CES55) ¥ Candidates are re ¥ Attempt All questions Y. The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks. Y Necessary figures are attached herew ¥ Assume suitable data if necessary. sity in two open stand pipes shown in figure, Estimate the rate of 1. Water flows by era Shange of water evel in ff standPine. - D=0.75m ma ized to give thik answers their own words a rs practicable fo a branch canal over an embankment by means of of the pipeline up to the summit is the branch canal is 10m [44] 2, Water from a main canal is siphoned ( a wrought iron pipe of 100 mm diameter. The length Jom and the total length is 90 m. Water surface elevation in telow that of main canal, Take f= 0.025 and consider all losses. 4) Ifthe total quantity of water required to be conveyed is pipelines are needed? b) What is maximum permissible height of the summit above the water Jevel in the main canal so that the water pressure at the summit may not fall below 20 kPa absolute, the barometer reading being 10 m of water? 3. Verify whether the following suggested distribution of disché network shown in figure below is satisfactory by using Hardy-cross method. If not determine the proper distribution. If the elevation at point B is 50 m and pressure head is ie 40 mand the elevation at D is 40 m, find the pressure at D. (wa) (= : AB [BC_[CD_[DA [AC | Suggested discharge Canis) [58 [42 _| 32118 120 J B 0.05 m’/s, how many ange in the pipelines of the 100 unit 20 unitSe ee fom the reservoir is suddenly ime diagram at the 2/3 L, form 4, a) In the figure below, water flowing through a pipe stopped by closing, a valve at point 1. Draw pressure valve of the pipe for one cycle of wave Motion, (2) ae b) Water flows through a 25 em diameter 100m long pipe at rate of 75 Ips. The static pressure of water in the pipe is 200m at the downstream end of the pipe and the thickness of the pipe material is 6 mm. If a valve at the downstream end closed in 3 see estimate the stress in the pipe wall. Take Bulk modulus of water = 2.2*10° Nim and Young's modulus of elasticity of steel = 2.1*10!'Nim’. (6) 4. Define the following; Hydraulic depth, Energy slope, gradually varied flow and spatially varied flow, (4) 6. a) Ina partially full channel having « triangular section as shown in figure, the rate of discharge Q = KAR’, in which K © @ constant; A = flow area and R = hydraulic radius. Determine the depth at which the discharge is maximum. 15] b) The velocity distribution in a channel section may be approximated by the equation u=u,(d/d,)* in which u is the flow velocity at depth d; uo is the flow velocity at depth do and n = a constant, Derive expression for the energy and momentum coefficient. {5} 7. a) Define specific energy, Show that the flow is critical when the discharge is maximum for the given specific energy. Water flows at a depth of 1.8 m and velocity of 1.5 mis in a3 m wide rectangular channel, Find the width at contraction which just causes critical flow without a change in the upstream depth. [14443] b) An open rectangular channel carrying a discharge of 4.25 m/s is flowing at a depth of 1.15m with energy of 1.2 m and a width of 3 m. ‘The flow encounters a simultaneous gradual contraction to a width of 1.5 m and a smooth downwards step of 0.6 m. With these flow conditions, determine the depth of the downstream flow. (4) 8. a) Sketch the flow profile: (4) 7 Bice wate NDL b) Justify analytically that Ay curve meets the y, line and channel bottom normally. (4) 9. What is hydraulic jump? Why is energy principle not applied for the analysis of the jump? Water flows in a 5 m wide Feclangular channel at Froude number 3.5; the depth of flow is 1.2 m. If water undergoes 4 hydraulic jump, what is the Froude number ry sq Somnsvean of junp? [14144] | Explain the Tractive Force Method of designing Mobil ‘hannel. Show the | shear stress distribution on the Alluvial aca bea aoe BA] |SAA AA cntrance K = 0.5. ») Draw HGL and EGL diagram for the flow system shown in the figure considering all major and minor losses. dy (XJor KY? A, = Cross section area of i" seotion, b) For given channel section shown in the figure below with bed slope = 0.00017, Manning's roughness coetficient * 0.018, discharge 8.97 1's, and side slope as 1:1, determine the normal depth of flow for uniform flow. jon coefficient (momentunt correction factor) [b= | Where Ky Conveyance factor of i” section, ie 2m jms, 1my_2m 7. A rectangular channel with a bottom width of $ m, bottom slope of 0.00076 and energy correction factor of 1.1 has a.discharge:of 1,85 m’/s, In « Gradually varied flow in this section the depth at certain. location is.found to. be 0.25 m, considering Manning's roughness coefficient as 0:0165idetérmine the type of GVF profile. How far upstream or downstream will the depth-be:0.40'm from depth 0.25 m, Use direct step method using increment equals to 0.05 m, 8. a) A35 m rectangular channel carries discharge of 4 rn’/s of water at a depth of 1.2 m. If the width is reduced to 2.0 m and bed raised by 0.15 m, determine the depth of flow at reduced section and upstream of the reduced section, b) Find the expression for the specific foree. Show that the flow is critical when the specific force is minimum, Explain the use of this concept in open channel flow. 9. A rectangular channel with width 1.1:m carrying a flow discharge of 7.2 m°/s changes its bed slope from’0.065 to ‘0.0085, Show’ tliat’ the hydraulic jump occurs'and if so find the location of jump. Take Manning’s roughness as 0.025, 10. Define an jalluvial channel and incipient motion. Find the expression for the shear io] (4) (6) (81 (5) [442] (9) reduction factor “K” and-explain the physical meaning of this factor. [14342] rdoN [LIBELARIY | ; ENCE SD INSTITUTE CF ENGT examination Control Division 2071 Magh Pass Marks 32 Programme BCE Year / Part W/iT dvaulic: ‘Subject: - Hs {in their own words as far as practicable VY. Candidates are required to give their ans ¥ Attempt All questions. Y The figures in the margin indicate Fell Marks v sh Necessary Moody's diagram is nitached herewith. ‘dssume suitable data if necessary. 4. Byplain Prandtl Mixing length theory. Show that the velocity dist/itio pipe for apa row is Logarithmic, Derive an expression of head loss 19 sudden expansion of [24343] pipe 3. Water from a main canal is siphoned to a branch canal over aa embankment by meat of a wrought iron pipe of 100 mm diameter. The length of the pipeline wp (9 the summit is a rue the teal length is 90 m. Water surface elevation in the branch eanal is 10 m below that of main canal. 1) 2) Hf the total quantity of water required to be conveyed is 0.05 pipelines are needed? ') What is the maximum permissible height 0} ‘gnain canal so that the water pressure at ‘absolute, the barometer reading being 10 m of water? , “Spake £= 0.025 and consider all losses. ms, how many the summit above the water level in the the summit may not fall below 20 Kpa 2 3.8) Derive the expression of correction factor AQ = ae for solution of pipe 0 efficient of pipe and Qo Pee eework using Hardy Cross method. Whether r is resistance cos is inital assumed discharge. by’ Determine the piezometric head at D for the following thre reservoir problero. (8) WS EI 100m o oP ElofD= 50.0 m ‘Where, fis the friction factor of the Darcy-Weisbach equation used in Moody diagram, 4. A steel pipeline (c = 0.046 mm) 61 cm in diameter and 3.2 km long di | : 2 kan Jon « owen under a head of 61 m, What water-hammer per ate valve a i ‘outlet were closed in 4 sec? 60 sec? Walll thickness = 0.5 ctA for both me " | clone, Compute the sess that would develop inthe wall ofthe ibe onc fa ave iting ses of sel is taken as 16,000 pi, what would be the minimun te of safe closure? Consider yar; = 2.17 x 10° N/m? and E, = 1.9 « 10" N/m’ (8) P335, Give the two procteal a) uniform and a b) patially vatied Now, gradustly varie ay diagram and show that at 6. Explain specific Griical, A rectangular channel 2m wide has a flow of 2.4 m/s at a Determine if critical depth occurs (0) at the seetion where 3 b installed across the bed, (b) a side wall constriction (no 2 to 1.7 m, and (c) both the hump and side wall constriction combined, Will the upst depth be affected tor case (¢)? If so, to what extent? Neglect head los f the humpiand constriction caused by friction, expansion and contraction (642242) 7. What are the conditions of uniforms flow in open channel? A trapezoidal channel having side slope of 1:1 has to cary a flow of 15 in'/s. The bed slope is T in 1000. Chezy’s C is a5 ifthe channel is unlined and 70 if the channel is lined with concrete. The cost per m of excavation is 3 times cost per m? of lining, Find which arrangement Is economical. (2+3} Sketch possible water surfuce profiles for the channe! in figure below. First locate and musk the control points, then sketch the profiles, marking exch profile with the appropriate designation. Show any hydraulic jumps that occur . The depth of uniform flow in a rectangular channel is 5 m wide (a = 0.02, So = 0.04) is 05 m_A low dam raises the water depth of 2 m. Find whether a hydraulic jump takes place and if'so at what distance upstream of the dam. D. stream has a sediment bed of median size 0.35 min The slope of the channel is : is x 104. Stream is considered as trapezoidal with base width 3 m and side slope SH:1V. 8) If the depth of flow in the channel is 0.25 m, examine whether the bed particles will fy be in motion or not. ) Calculate-mifhimum size of gravel that will not move in the bed of channel. Use “ *, 2 40942, empirical equation of critical shear stress as: t,(Nim?)=0.155+ 0 40.1774, 7 (8) 9 5}Of © TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY Exam, INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level___| BE Examination Control Division | Programme | BCE, B.Agri | 2070 Bhadra Year/Part (l/l | ¥ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable. Y Attempt All questions. Y The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks. Y Assume suitable data if necessary. - Show that for turbulent flow in rough pipes a 5.75: ie{ } 4.25 [8] Where, V =Mean velocity V* = Shear velocity R= Radius of pipe K = Average height of surface protrusions 2. Liquid (s.g. = 0.6, v = 5.0 x 10-7 m’%/s) is drawn from a tank through a hose of inside diameter 25 mm (see figure). The relative roughness for the hose is 0.0004. Calculate the volumetric flow and the minimum pressure in the hose. The total length of hose is 9 m and the length of hose to point A is 3.25 m. Neglect minor losses at head entrance. (8) A3. Three reservoirs A, B and C are interconnected by three pipes which all meet at junctions J. The water surface of reservoir B is 20 m above the surface of C whilst the surface of A is 40 m above the surface of B. A flow control valve is fitted just before junction J in pipe Al. ‘The head loss hy through pipes and components can be written as hy = rQ? where r is the resistance coefficient. The value of r for the valve and the pipes are ra) = 150, tay = 200, Tea = 300, Tyane = (400/n)°. ‘Where n is the percentage valve opening, Find the value of n which will make the discharge into reservoir C twice into reservoir B. s b) A300 mm diameter pipe of mild stee! having 6 mm thickness carries water at the rate of 200 Vs. What will be the rise in pressure if the valve at the downstream end is closed instantaneously? Compare results assuming the pipe to be rigid as well as elastic. What should be the maximum closing time for the computed results to be valid? Take pipe length as 5.0 km, Modulus of elasticity of pipe material as 2.25 x 10"' Nim’, Bulk modulus of elasticity of water as 2.0 x 10° Nim’. Explain GVF, RVF and spatially varied flow with appropriate sketches. What condition make open channel flow uniform? The area of cross-section of flow in a channel is 6 m?. Calculate the dimensions of the most efficient section if the channel is (@ triangular, (b) rectangular and (c) trapezoidal (2:1). Which has the least perimeter? a) A flow of 2 m/s is carried in a rectangular channel 1.8 wide at a depth of 1.0m. Will critical depth occur at a section where (a) a frictionless hump 15 cm high is installed across the bed? (b) a frictionless sidewall reduces the channel width to 1.3 m? (c) the hump and the sidewall construction are installed together? b) Define conjugate depths. Sketch the specific force curve showing conjugate depths and the zones of subcritical, critical and supercritical flow. 8. A rectangular channel with a bottom width of 4 m, bottom slope of 0.00075 and energy correction factor of 1.1 has a discharge of 2.0 m’/s, In a Gradually varied flow in this section the depth at certain location is found to be 0.2 m, considering Manning's roughness coefficient as 0,016 determine the type of GVF profile. How far upstream or downstream will the depth be 0.40 m from depth 0.20 m. Use Graphical Integration Method using increment equals to 0.1m. ae > 23 For a hydraulic jump in a horizontal triangular channel show that 3F1? =" ( 2 2 where Fr? = “Land r=22, a % 10. Write down the design procedures of mobile boundary channel using maximum permissible velocity method, tractive force method and regime theory approaches with appropriate expressions, oe (10) . a) Explain the importance of surge tank. Describe the types of surge tank. (1.5415) B) [4] [248] 0] [142] (3) (6) (6)- Hydrauli CES55) tired to give their answers questions, nitheiy own words a: The j ? il Mar! assume suitable data if necessary, |, Show that in both smooth and rough pipes for turbulent flow LY = sasiee{ 2), 3.15 v mean velocity; u = point velocity at distance y from boundary. v* = shear R= Radius of pipe. (8) Caleulate the magnitude and direction of the manometer reading when water is flowing jth velocity of 4.5 m/s for figure below. Consider minor losses also. (8) = z a = y = 129 m, : figure, 21 = 29 m, Ly = 80 m, 2 = 129 m, mite fencer eit of nee "All pipes are 250 mm, diameter concrete with i = 150m z= 69 m : ‘ t "oughness height 0.5 mm. Compute the flow rates for water PZ »dy flow io ¥ s closed in 4.58 ‘what is the locity of 1000 mvs? Det Josue, pe subject to the peak diseh VE (b) RV n channel ‘low: (2) © of the following opet ed flow (4) Non uniform flow. ; annel, velocity distribuli §, Given a practical example for each (¢) Spatially vari 6. a) Prove that for compound open chi 3 =(S lea") , Ai setor of i" section, correction factor) & = where ki = Conveyance f (Ext nt (Energy jon coef ‘A= Crass section area of i" section. Set up a general expression for wetted perimetet Pu ofa trapezoidal channel in terms tf the cross-sectional area A. depth y and angle of side slope 6. Then differentiate Pw vith respeet to y with A and @ held constant. From this, prove that R = y/2 for the section of greatest hydraulic efficiency (i.c, smallest Pw for a given A). (6) 4, What are the different conditions to be fulfilled when flow is critical open channel? A 3m ‘wide rectangular channel carries 3 m/s of water at a depth of 1 m. If the width is to be viene te 2 m and bed raised by 10-cim, what would be the depth of flow in the ected section? ‘What maximum rise in the. bed level of the contracted section if possible without affecting the depth of flow upstream of transition? Neglect loss of aony im transition. What would be the change in water surface elevations if the rise in bed is 30 em? [3434343] 8, The clean earth (n = 0,020) channel in. figure below is 6m wide and laid on a.slope of 0.005236, Water flows at 30m'Vs in the channel and enters = reservoir so that the channel depth is 3 m just before the entry- Assuming gradually varied flow, calculate the distance L. 8] = Reservoir 9. Water in a horizontal channel accelerates n undergoes ina : rates smoothly over 2 bump and then und hydraulic jump, as in figure below. If y; = 1 m and y = 30 cm, estimate vj, v2 ad es . ae Neglect fiction. 6 10, Deseri cat r Describe the application of shield diagram for designing mobile boundary channel, & y channel t toe . e PBa ‘TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY. INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Examination Control Division. 2069 Bhadra . _ Subject: - Hydra ¥, Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable. Y Attenpe All questions, . : “Y The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks ¥ Assone suitable data if necessary. 4y Describe with appropriate expressions (@) PrandU’s mixing length theory (b) Hagen Poisseuille equation (¢) Nikuradse's experiments and (d) Cofcbrook-white equation’ - @ Two pipes have a length L each. One of them hus distneter Dyand the other has diameter Dy. If the pipes are arranged in parallel, the loss of head when a fotal quantity of water Q flows through them is Hi. If the pipcs are arranged in series and the same quantity Q flows through them, the loss of head is Hy. If Dz + Dy/2, find the ratio of Hy ty Hy, neglecting minor losses and assuming sarae f. 3. A reservoir A discharges through x pipe 40mm in diameter and 90m fong which is canrected to two pipes, one 1200 ioufg leading fo reservoir B 36m betow A and the other 1500m long leading to reservoir C 45m below A. Calculate the diameters’ of these ‘wo pipes if they have equal vischarges which togedher equal that uf w 450mm tiametcr pipe of length 210m connected directly from reservoir Ato reservoir If Neglect all losses except those duc to fiction und assume that te friction factor fis the same for all Pipes. 4/ Derive’ an expression for the pressure rise due W inslentaneous vlosue of valve considering the pipe tu be elastic. Front the derived expression for elastic pipe, obtain the presture rise for rigid pipe. so «J Pxplain Gradually varied und spatially varied flow with one practicol example for eich, 6. 9} Develop the telationship between Chécy's coefficient, Munrring's coctficient and : Darey’s vocftivient. b) A rectangular channel 8m wide snd 1.5m deep has a slope of 0.001 and in fined with smooth plaster. It i deyired to enhance the discharge to a maximure by changing the dimension of the channel, but keeping the same amount of lining, Work out the now aan and the percentage increase in discharge, Take’ roughness coefficient n=0.015, 7. What is specific force? Prove that for a given specific force the discharge in a given channel section is maximum when the flow is in the critical’ state. A venturiflume in a rectangular chennet of width of “B” kas the throat width af ‘b’. The depth of liquid at colry is H and at the throat ish. Prove that following relation exists for the discharge and width ratio; 913 uid Q=3.13bH bo p(n) fn? 5 (is) G3) {8] ah gy my 4. 1a let [2444343]8. Derive the dynamic equation of Gradually Vatied flow (GVF) and convert the derived agate for the caxe of wide rectangalar channel, using ad 'S equation, into following form: dy _ Soll-On/ 9)? Se = Soha at hese So = bed slopes Ya ™ normal depth, ye~ éritical depth, A Oe/Y: 9, Draw 6 hydraulic jump profile and indivate depths and energy loss using specific energy . and specific force diagram. Also derive momentum ¥quation for the bydraulic jump in rectangular charinel. - 10. A trapezoidal channel 1.5m decp, 10m bed width, with 2:1 side slopes is excavated in grave! of median size of 60mm. What is the maximum penuissible channel slope and what discharge can the channel carry without disturbing its sabaliay? Take angle of repase(p) = 37° and Ky = 0.9. ‘ - wer e 16} (9)1 INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level [BE "Full Marks | 80 Examination Control Division | Programme | BCE | Pass Marks | 32 2069 Poush | Year/Part 11/1 ‘Time Tis Subject: - Hydraulics (CE 555) ¥ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable. ¥ Attempt All questions. Y The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks. Y Assume suitable data if necessary. 1, a) Measurement in a fully developed turbulent flow in pipe indicate that velocity midway between the pipe wall and the pipe centerline is 0.9 meters centerline velocity. Determine the expression for the average velocity in multiples of maximum velocity. What is the value of e/D or K/D (relative roughness) if pipe acts as rough pipe? b) Write down Colebrook and white equation, Show that this equation is also valid for variation of friction factor for turbulent rough as well as smooth pipes. 2. A system of pipes conveying water from the tanks is connected in parallel and series as shown in figure below. The elevations of tanks, lengths and diameters of the pipes are also shown figure. The valve is fitted on pipeline CE which has a resistance coefficient Trane = (4000/n)?, where n is the percentage of valve opening. If the valve is adjusted to give the equal discharge rates at E and F. Calculate the head at C, total discharge through the system and the percentage of valve opening. Take f= 0.024 for all pipes. (EL 100m 3. Determine the distribution of flow in the pipe network show in figure below. The value of each pipe is as given below. use n= 2 (hy = kQ") (4 (8) (0)| Pipe | Length m Diameter | Priction 20 units mm factor i | By unis | AB 300 200 0.02 ) we__} 250 150 fo03 p cp [300 100 0.02 30 units SS ie ne AD [250 150 0.03, Ac | 500 100 | 0.025 4, Describe with appropriate and enough illustrations one complete cycle of wave motion in a pipe due to sudden closure of valve, (You are required to show the direction of flow velocity and wave celerity at specified time periods). (8) 5. Define conveyance and section factor for the open channel, Also prove that hydraulic radius is equal to depth of flow for wide rectangular channel and half of the bed width for deep gorges. (+44 6. Find the proportions of a trapezoidal channel which will make the discharge a maximum for a given cross sectional area of flow and given side slopes. Show also that if the side slopes can be varied, the most efficient of all trapezoidal sections is half-hexagon. {10} 7. a) Calculate the critical depth for a discharge of 6 cumecs in the following section of channel: (8) i) Circular having diameter 1.5 m. if) Rectangular having bed width 3m. iii) Trapezoidal having bed width 2.5 m and side slope 2:1 iv) Triangular having side slope 1:1 b) A uniform flow of 12m'/s occurs in a long rectangular channel of $m width and depth flow of 1.5 m. A flat hump is to be built at a certain section. Assuming a loss of head equal to upstream velocity head, compute the minimum height of the hump to provide the critical flow. (4) 8. A rectangular channel 10m wide is laid with a break in its bottom slope from 0.01 to 0.0064. If it carries 125m’/s, determine the nature of the surface profile and ‘compute its length. Take n= 0.015. [8] 9. Write algorithm and program coding in any high level language (C for Fortran) for computing alternate depths in a rectangular channel section. {6} 10. Derive an expression for the shear stress reduction factor or tractive force ratio in the case of mobile boundary channel in terms of side slope angle and angle of repose of the sediment, Also prove that the critical diameter of sediment in the channel for incipient motion condition assuming fully developed turbulent flow is: d., = 10 R So, where R is hydraulic radius and So is bed slope. 42 teeS te Eyam, Kegular Back arBHuTaN y 2 ENGIN! evel Full Martes ___—_institete mination Control Division | Programme | Hee & {Near /Part 1i1/ 2u08 anadra Subject: - Hydraulics Y- Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable Attempt All questions. The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks e v Y. Necessary figure is attached herewith, * Assume suitable data if necessary. shear 1, Explain Prandtl mixing length theory. Starting ftom the expression for turbul stress derive the velocity distribution in the region of ukulent flow near aA hydrodynamically smooth boundaries in the form -! s15t5,( 82 }t85 (2+6) = 2. What size of now cast iron pipe is needed to transport 400 Ips of water for | km long pipe with 2m head: loss? Take roughness height of the pipe is 0.26mm and thie viscosity of water 0,0014 Pa.S. 4, Reservoir A, water surface elevation 120m is connected to reservoir B and C having i Surface elevation 70m and 50m respectively. A pipe line 150myn diameter and 400m long | connects reservoir A to Junction D: Reservoir B and C are connected to Junction D by ‘75mm diameter 100m long and 100mm diameter 250m long pipeline respectively. ; Assuming friction factor f= 0.04 for all pipes, estimate the rate of flow for each pipe, + neglecting minor head losses. (19) > Ay A 20m long, 75mm ciametes, steel pipeline, wall thickness 6mm, caries water from a large reservoir tank, held at a constant head of 6m. Discharge is 0.022rn3/s through a variable speed valve positioned 10m from the supply tank. Discharge is oa second constant head tank held at 2m head as shown in figure below. If the valve closure is Jnstantancaus determine the theoretion!-mapmitetes- OTE PISsoTe wave propigated away from the valve under frictionless conditions: Draw pressure (both steady and tusteady) time curve at point Sm, 2.5: and 0.5m from the upstream, tank Take K = - 2x10? Nim? and E = 204x10° Ni? fe py yom | . 2 | a Lom 10m en 5: Differentiate gradually, .capfdly and spatially “aried ow vith neat sketches ‘and examples. What is energy slope? GH) 6,))Find a expression for the theoretical depth for maximum velceit: 'y in a closed circular channel in terms of the diameter.“d". Compare the discharce'at maximum velocity with that when the chaste! is running full, assuming thatthe Che7y"s coefficient is umalteret and the pressure reimains atmospheric. aa (542) OR (8) “ Weite algorithm and programme coding in any.high level ia 3eage (Cor F calculating uniform depth for rectangular channel ° tran) oe Draw and explein the velocity profile in a cross-section ot trapezoidal channe! sha ingular, triangular\ ' | 8 10. Why the critical depth varies for the con ysis a L.Om, Determine if eritical depth a hump of AZ » 20cm highs, installed across the channer bed, | air constrigtion (with 110 huMnps) redueang the channel width to 1.7m, and (c) both the hump and side wall constrictions combined. W) the upstream depth be affected for case (c)? If so, to what extent? Neglect head lostes of the hump and constriction caused by friction, expansion and contraction. (2rae303+7 ‘A rectangular channel conveying a discharge of 30 m’/sec is 12m wide with @ bed slope | in 6000 and having Manning's n = 0.025. The depth of flow at a section is 1.5m. Find how far upstream or downstream of this section the depth of flow will be 2m, Find abo the types of profile. Use direct step method for calculation and take only two steps for caleulation, i] A wide channel with uniform rectangular section has a change of slope from 1 in 95to! in 142@sand the flow is 3.75m’/s per m width, Determine the normal depth of flow ~~ corresponding to each slope and show that a hydraulic jump will occur in the region of the junction. Calculate the height of the jump and sketch the surface profiles between the upstream and downstream regions of uniform flow. Manning's coefficient n= 0.013 and it may be assumed that the channel is wide in comparison with the depth of flow, so that the hydraulic méan depth is approximately equal to the depth of flow. t oR Find the pre jump and post jurp heights of the hydraulic jump formed at the toe of the spillway. Neglect energy loss due to flow over spillway. (6) Height of the crest above DIS bed level = “Discharge = 80m'/s, Width of the canal = 10.0m Head over the erest level = 2,47m Explain the formation condition of repelled and submerged jump for the above flow condition. TL/A channel which is to carry 10 m’/s through moderately rolling topography on a slope of wy lope 0.0016 is to be excavated in coarse alluvium with 50% of particles being 3em or more in diameter, Assume that channel is to be unlined and of trapezoidal section. Find suitable value of base width and side slope. Take @™ 34” and K, (ratio between bed shear sess and critical shear stress) = 0.75. Use tractive force method. (6)SQV Assume suitable data if necessary ot TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY z INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING | Level [BE | FullMarks | 60 Examination Control Division | Programme | BCE, B Agi’ Pass Marks 32 2068 Magh (Near/Pare [uf | Time [Shes a - _ Subject: - Hydraulics ack Y Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable ¥ Attempt All questions. Y The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks a ‘A2om diameter 20km long pipeline connects two reservoirs filled with water open to the atmosphere. What is the discharge in the pipeline if the surface elevation difference of the reservoirs level is Sm? Voeuer = 1.02 « 10m’/s. [8] 2. Explain the experiment made by Nikuradse on ican to artificially roughened pipes. Discuss the characteristic features of the result obtewfei [3+5) for a pipe network shown in figue below, trial discharge distribution is shown, if f°, =? for all the pipes. Obtain the correct distribution. Find also the available pressure at * G ifthe supply pressure at A is provided by 6m high water tank. lL (8#2] cAEDerive following continuity equation for unsteady flow in pipes 2 2 p at Where ¢ = & jis celerity and other symbols have their usual meanings. [8] { e . . ; toe OD vee crecssinntc tenth . : ow a 2), Steddy, uniform flow 1 b)" Steady, nort uniform or gradually varied flow % .-c)! Steady, rapidly. varied fos 4) Unstéady, non usiform fo

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