®

Tenor AS
VoIP MultiPath/Gateway
Switch
Product Guide
P/N 480-0059-00-10

Tenor and Quintum are registered trademarks. PacketSaver, Quintum Technologies, Inc., Risk Free VoP,
VoIP Made Easy, TASQ, SelectNet, and SelectNet Technology are trademarks of Quintum Technologies,
Inc.
Table of Contents
About this Guide
What’s included? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Typographical Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Product Guide Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Finding Help. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

Chapter 1: Overview
What is the Tenor AS?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Unique Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
State-of-the-Art GUI Configuration and Network Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Easy Connect to Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Powerful System Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
SelectNet™ Technology Safety Net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
PacketSaver™ reduces bandwidth consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
Virtual Tie Trunk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
SNMP Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
Call Detail Recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
IVR/RADIUS Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
NATAccess™. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
Dynamic Call Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
Tenor AS Call Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Tenor MultiPath Switch (ASM200 and ASM400) Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Tenor VoIP Gateway (ASG200 and ASG400) Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10
Advanced Features/Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11
Call Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11
Dial Plan Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11
H.323 Gatekeeper Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12
SIP User Agent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-14

Chapter 2: Hardware Components

Hardware Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
Front Panel Connections and Reset Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
Back Panel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Cables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8

P/N 480-0059-00-10 TOC-1

 RJ-11 Cables (for ASM200, ASG200) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
RJ-11 Splitter Cable (for ASM400 and ASG400) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
RJ-45 Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
DB-9 Serial RS-232 Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
Voice/Fax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
PSTN/PBX Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
LAN Connection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
Physical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
Electrical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
Environmental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13

Chapter 3: Installation/Basic Troubleshooting

Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Pre-Installation Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Inspect Package Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Connect to Phone/FXS Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
Connect to Line/FXO Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
Connect to Ethernet LAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
Connect to PC Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
Install Supplemental Ground Safety Cable (if required) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
Power up the System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8
Assign IP address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
Change IP Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10
Getting Started with Configuration/Making the First Call . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13
Load Software Upgrade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15
Common Symptoms/Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16

Chapter 4: Advanced Topic: View Call Detail Records

What is a CDR? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
Establish connection between Tenor AS and CDR Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
Configure Tenor AS for connection to CDR Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
Setup CDR Server and assign password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
Change CDR Password. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
Tenor AS Establishes Connection with CDR Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
CDR Server Establishes Connection with Tenor AS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
CDR Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
Sample Record for Standard and Extended CDR Format 0, 1, 100, 101 . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
Sample Record for Extended Tenor AS CDR Format 3, 4, 103, 104: . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10

Chapter 5: Advanced Topic: Diagnostics/Maintenance

Monitor LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

P/N 480-0059-00-10 TOC-2

 Monitor Alarms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
How to Read Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
Valid Alarms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
Display all Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
Display Active Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7
Display Alarm History. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7
Verify Unit Provisioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
Maintenance Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
Restore Factory Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
Reset System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
Change Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9
Change Unit Date and Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9
If you need Additional Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10

Chapter 6: Advanced Topic: SNMP/IVR

SNMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
How does Tenor AS utilize SNMP? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
Installation Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
Install SNMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
Download and install SNMP-Related Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
Configure Network Manager IP address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
Working with SNMP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7
View traps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7
View Alarm Status via Tenor AS icon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7
Launching Command Line Interface (CLI) from HP Openview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8
Set up Tenor AS status polling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8
Set up Debug Message Display window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8
IVR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10
IVR Call Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10
ANI Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-11
Multi-session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-11
Typical IVR Network Connection/Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12
Configure IVR - Quick Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14
Basic IVR Data (via Trunk Group) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14
RADIUS Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14
Configure IVR Voice Prompts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16
Voice Prompt Requirements (English Requirements) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16
Create Voice Prompt Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-20
IVR Call Flow - Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-21
Pre-paid Calling Card - Call Flow (with default language) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-21

P/N 480-0059-00-10 TOC-3

 Post-paid Calling Card - Call Flow (with default language) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-23
Pre-paid and Post-paid Calling Card - Call Flow (with multiple language support) . . . 6-25
Pre-paid and Post-paid Calling Card - Call Flow (with Multi-Session Call support) . . . 6-26
ANI Authentication Application Type 1 - Call Flow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-28
ANI Authentication Application Type 2 - Call Flow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-30
Call Flow - Message Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-32
Start Accounting Request Message Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-32
Stop Accounting Request Message Attributes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-33
Authentication Request Message Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-35
Authentication Response Message Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-35
Authorization Request Message Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-36
Authorization Response Message Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-37

GLOSSARY

INDEX

Warranty/Approvals
Quintum Limited Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Documentation Notice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
Agency Approvals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
FCC WARNINGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
Canadian Notice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9

P/N 480-0059-00-10 TOC-4

About this Guide

P/N 480-0059-00-10 Preface-1

About this Guide

What’s included?

This product guide is divided into chapters; each chapter describes a specific topic. The following
chapters are included:

• About this Guide: Describes what is included in the Product Guide, including typographical
conventions.
• Chapter 1: Overview. Includes a general overview of the product, including a description of the
Tenor AS’s features and capabilities.
• Chapter 2: Hardware Components. Hardware description, including the front and rear panels,
as well as LEDs and required cables.
• Chapter 3: Installation/Basic Troubleshooting. Describes how to install the Tenor AS unit,
including how to connect, power up and assign the IP address.
• Chapter 4: Advanced Topic: View Call Detail Records. Describes the Call Detail Recording
(CDR) feature, including how to set up the CDR server and assign a password. In addition,
instructions for reading CDR output are also included.
• Chapter 5: Advanced Topic: Diagnostic/Maintenance: Describes how to troubleshoot and
monitor the health of the system.
• Chapter 6: Advanced Topic: SNMP/IVR: This chapter describes the SNMP protocol and how to
use it with the Tenor AS. In addition, it describes the Interactive Voice Response (IVR) system
for support of pre-paid and post-paid calls.
• Glossary
• Index
• Warranty

Preface-2 P/N 480-0059-00-10

 About this Guide

Typographical Conventions

Product Guide Conventions

Certain typographical conventions are used throughout this product guide. See below.

• All commands you enter via keystrokes appear in bold (e.g., Press Enter or Press Ctrl-I).
• All text commands you enter via Telnet session or command line typing appear in italics (e.g.,
type active).
• There are three types of special text that are designed to reveal supplemental information:
Note, Warning, and Caution. See below.

A NOTE provides additional, helpful information. This information may tell you how to do a
certain task or just be a reminder for how-to’s given in previous sections. (i.e., For a list of valid
commands at any time, type ?)

A WARNING provides information about how to avoid harming your VoIP equipment or other
equipment (i.e., Do not stack more than 4 units together.)

A CAUTION provides information about how to avoid injury to yourself or to others (e.g., Do
not install the equipment during a lightning storm).

P/N 480-0059-00-10 Preface-3

About this Guide

Finding Help

Refer to the Product Guide for help. The Table of Contents and Index tells you where to find infor-
mation easily.

Extensive configuration help is available from the Tenor Configuration Manager/Tenor Monitor
User Guide or the Command Line Interface User Guide. Both documents are on the CDR ROM you
received with unit or you can download the latest documentation from www.quintum.com

Preface-4 P/N 480-0059-00-10

Chapter 1: Overview
This chapter gives you a general overview of the Tenor AS including feature descriptions and capa-
bilities. Specifically, the following topics are covered:

! A description of Tenor AS

! Features

! Capabilities

! Call Paths

! H.323 Gatekeeper Services

! Advanced Features

P/N 480-0059-00-00 1-1

Chapter 1: Overview

What is the Tenor AS?

The Tenor AS is a VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) H.323/SIP switch that digitizes voice, fax, and
modem data and transmits it over the IP network. Designed as a SOHO product, the Tenor AS gives
small to medium sized businesses with analog voice infrastructure an easy, cost-effective way to
capitalize on the power of Voice over IP (VoIP).

The Tenor AS integrates a gateway, gatekeeper, border element intelligent call routing, and supports
H.32/SIP and QoS all in one solution. The gateway converts circuit switched calls to VoIP calls, the
gatekeeper performs IP call routing functions, and the border element distributes the call routing
directories throughout the network. Through the FXS port, you can connect a telephone, key system
or PBX; through the FXO port, you can connect to the PSTN (through direct connection to the Cen-
tral Office).

Figure 1-1 Tenor AS VoIP Switch

The Tenor AS is available in two configuration types:

• ASG VoIP Gateway. The ASG VoIP Gateway is mainly intended for applications interfacing
between the PBX and the VoIP network. The number of VoIP channels equals the number of
FXS ports. Calls can be routed in any direction between any of the ports.
• ASM Multipath Switch. The AXM MultiPath Switch is mainly intended for symmetrical mul-
tipath applications, with an equal number of FXO and FXS ports.The number of VoIP channels
is equal to half the number of telephony (i.e. PSTN) channels.
With its MultiPath architecture, the Tenor AS can intelligently route calls between the FXS,
FXO, and the VoIP network to achieve the best combination of cost and quality. The Tenor AS
also routes calls over IP to reduce costs, and then transparently “hops off” to the PSTN, to
reach off-net locations. Calls can be routed in any direction between any of the ports.

Table 1-1 Tenor AS Configuration Types

Series Configuration FXS Ports FXO Ports VoIP Ports

ASM200 2 2 2
ASM MultiPath
ASM400 4 4 4

ASG200 2 0 2
ASG VoIP Gateways
ASG400 4 0 4

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 Chapter 1: Overview

Whichever configuration you choose, the high performance unit provides one Autosensing BaseT
connection, along with one RS-232 serial console port connection. The unit also incorporates an
intelligent call routing engine which regulates system resources and configuration while coordinat-
ing all voice traffic activity in the unit.

The unit’s simple plug-and-play embedded system architecture brings VoIP technology to your net-
work without changing your existing telephony infrastructure. Your network stays as is, and the call
type is transparent to the user. This technology boasts superior voice quality without compromising
reliability.

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Chapter 1: Overview

Features

The Tenor AS’s specific features are explained below.

Unique Design

Tenor AS packs powerful VoIP features into one compact unit. The Tenor can be installed without
upgrades to the existing voice or data network. You can install the unit in a home or office environ-
ment, without affecting the network infrastructure you already have in place. As with all Tenor
architecture, the Tenor AS provides the power of VoIP in an easy-to-use product that takes just min-
utes to get up and running.

State-of-the-Art GUI Configuration and Network Management

The Tenor AS is managed/monitored by the Tenor Configuration Manager and Tenor Monitor.
Through the Tenor Configuration Manager, you can configure all options, such as dial plans, call
routing numbers, etc. An easy-to-use Java-based installation process enables you to an install the
manager and start configuring within minutes. Through the Tenor Monitor, you can monitor the
health of the system, including alarms, call detail records, etc. Both the Tenor Configuration Man-
ager and Tenor Monitor provide comprehensive on-line help systems that are available at your fin-
gertips.

In addition, you can configure the unit via Command Line Interface (CLI). Through this telnet ses-
sion, you can access all configuration options, including an online help system, built into the CLI,
which provides help for all features and functions. Just type help at any prompt, and data about that
field will be displayed.

Easy Connect to Console

Plugging a serial cable between the unit’s RS-232 port and your PC’s console port, will allow local
unit management. Through the console connection, you are able to assign an IP address. In addition,
through the RS-232 port, you are able to configure the unit via Command Line Interface (CLI).

Powerful System Monitoring

There are many different ways to monitor the health of the unit, including LEDs and alarms. LEDs
appear on the front of the unit.The LEDs light up according to operations and alarms the system is
experiencing.

For more advanced monitoring, see Chapter 5: Advanced Topic: Diagnostics/Maintenance to view a
list of active alarms, as well as view an alarm history. Each alarm indicates the unit’s operational sta-
tus.

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 Chapter 1: Overview

Capabilities

SelectNet™ Technology Safety Net

Quality of service is virtually guaranteed. Tenor AS ’s built-in patented SelectNet™ Technology

provides a “safety net,” which virtually guarantees that each call going VoIP will not only be routed
successfully, but will deliver high voice quality.

SelectNet monitors the IP network performance for VoIP calls. If the performance characteristics
become unacceptable—according to the delay, jitter, and packet loss specifications you configure—
the Tenor AS will switch the call to the PSTN automatically and transparently. The Tenor continu-
ously monitors your data network for jitter, latency and packet loss, and transparently switches cus-
tomer calls to the PSTN when required.

PacketSaver™ reduces bandwidth consumption

PacketSaver packet multiplexing technology reduces the amount of IP bandwidth required to sup-
port multiple calls flowing between two endpoints. PacketSaver minimizes bandwidth usage by
aggregating packet samples from multiple VoIP conversations and packing them into a larger IP
packet with a single IP header. The process removes the need to send a bulky IP header with individ-
ual voice packets. As a result, it eliminates the transmission of redundant information.

Figure 1-2 PacketSaver

Conventional VoIP Transmission Sends Many Redundant Packet Headers

Tenor AS Tenor AS
Tenor Tenor
Tenor using PacketSaver to Minimize Bandwidth Usage

Virtual Tie Trunk

The Tenor unit can emulate any tie trunk. It provides all of the functionality of a tie trunk, including
the considerable cost savings, but eliminates the need for a PBX trunk to be configured, or marked
as a tie trunk. (A traditional tie trunk is a PBX-configured direct connection between two PBXs in
separate locations. The tie trunk bypasses the PSTN network, which results in considerable savings.)

Your PBX does not need any additional configuration. The Tenor AS treats all trunks the same with-
out compromising voice quality.

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Chapter 1: Overview

SNMP Support

The Tenor AS supports Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), the standard protocol used
to exchange network information between different types of networks. The Tenor AS unit acts as an
SNMP agent—using HP® Openview™—to receive commands and issue responses to the Network
Manager. The Network Manager will then be able to perform certain functions, such as receiving
traps from the Tenor AS.

Call Detail Recording

Through the Call Detail Record (CDR) feature, the Tenor AS generates a call record at the comple-
tion of each call, typically for accounting purposes. A CDR is a string of data that contains call
information such as call date and time, call duration, calling party, and called party. Tenor AS may
store Call Detail Records locally or they can be sent to a CDR server within the network. The CDR
contains sufficient information to capture billing data, which can be used to create billing reports
using third party billing software.

IVR/RADIUS Support

Interactive Voice Response (IVR) is a feature of the Tenor AS that enables you to offer services, such
as Pre-paid calling cards and Post-paid accounts, to your customers.

The Tenor uses the RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service), for authenticating and
authorizing user access to the VoIP network, including ANI Authentication (Types 1 and 2). The
RADIUS is a standard protocol which provides a series of standardized message formats for trans-
mitting and receiving dialed information, account data and authorization codes between the network
access gateway and the billing server.

NATAccess™

NATAccess is an intelligent network address translation technology. It enables VoIP networks with
multiple H.323 endpoints to operate behind firewalls equipped with H.323 Network Address Trans-
lation (NAT); this provides maximum network security. NATAccess simplifies deployment by elim-
inating the need to place the Tenor on a public IP network. Using NATAccess provides easy, secure
expansion between mulitple VoIP sites. In addition, NAT technology in the Tenor permits the use of
private subnets at the same time; in-house calls will never go over the public internet.

Figure 1-3 Tenor with NATAccess Deployment

Router
“Public” LAN

“DMZ” LAN Firwall NAT

“DMZ” Port

“Private” port
“Private” LAN

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 Chapter 1: Overview

Dynamic Call Routing

Tenor AS’s intelligent call routing capabilities are state-of-the-art. The unit automatically detects and
supports three call types: voice, fax, and modem.

Tenor AS will first identify the call origination site—Line/FXO, Phone/FXS, or IP routing group —
and then route the call according to the parameters you have configured in the routing database.
Each call may be routed via circuit switched path between any two circuit groups, or compressed
and transported via VoIP when connecting to an IP routing group. Trunk circuits are those that typi-
cally connect to another circuit switched network such as the PSTN. Line circuits typically connect
to a termination device on the user premises, such as a PBX.

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Chapter 1: Overview

Tenor AS Call Paths

Tenor MultiPath Switch (ASM200 and ASM400) Configuration

The Tenor MultiPath Switch Configuration is symmetrical with an equal number of Phone/FXS and
Line/FXO ports. Calls are routed from the Phone/FXS, Line/FXO, or IP Network. Calls can be
routed in any direction between any of the ports.

FXS (Phone) Originated Calls. Calls coming from the Phone/FXS interface (i.e. PBX) may be
switched to either the data network as a VoIP call or to the FXO interface, typically for connection to
another circuit switched network such as the PSTN. The routing decision made by the Tenor is
based upon your configuration and the dialed number. See Figure 1-4 for an example of a call origi-
nated from a PBX.

Figure 1-4 FXS (Phone) Originated Calls

FXS Port FXO Port

PBX
Keyswitch PSTN
Phone

OR

IP Network

FXO (Line) Originated Calls. A call coming from a Line/FXO interface may be switched to either
the data network as a VoIP call, a Line Circuit, or trunk typically for connection to a termination
device on the user’s premises such as a PBX. The routing decision made by the Tenor AS is based
upon your configuration and the dialed number. See Figure 1-5 for an example of a call originated
from the PSTN.

Figure 1-5 FXO (Line) Originated Calls

FXS Port FXO Port

PBX
Keyswitch PSTN
Phone
OR

IP Network

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 Chapter 1: Overview

IP Network Calls. Calls coming from the IP network (data network) can be routed to the Line/FXO
or Phone/FXS interfaces. The Tenor will route calls based upon the dialed number. If the number is
configured as a local phone number, the call will be sent to a Phone/FXS circuit for termination, oth-
erwise the call is considered a “Hop-Off call” and the Tenor sends it out through a Line/FXO inter-
face, typically connected to the PSTN. See Figure 1-6 for an example of a call originated from the IP
network.

Figure 1-6 IP Network Originated Calls

PBX
Keyswitch
Phone PSTN

OR
FXS Port FXO Port

IP Network

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Chapter 1: Overview

Tenor VoIP Gateway (ASG200 and ASG400) Configuration

The Tenor VoIP Gateway Configuration is used for Phone/FXS port connecting to the VoIP Net-
work. The number of VoIP ports is equal to the number of FXS ports. Calls can be routed in any
direction between any of the ports. See Figure 1-7 for an example of a call origination from the
PBX.

FXS (Phone) Originated Calls. Calls coming from the Phone/FXS interface (i.e. PBX) may be
switched to the data network as a VoIP call. The routing decision made by the Tenor is based upon
your configuration and the dialed number. See Figure 1-7 for an example of a call originated from a
PBX.

Figure 1-7 FXS (Phone) Originated Calls

FXS Port
PBX
Keyswitch
Phone

IP Network

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 Chapter 1: Overview

Advanced Features/Capabilities

Call Management

There are four types of routing databases you can configure: Bypass Directory Numbers (BPN),
Hunt Local Directory Numbers (Hunt LDN), Hop-Off Directory Numbers (HDN) and Static Routes.

Bypass Directory Numbers. Bypass Directory Numbers (BDN) are telephone numbers that are
automatically routed directly from a line circuit to the PSTN; they will not be routed VoIP. Some
examples of bypass numbers include toll-free calls, emergency calls (i.e., 911), or high security
calls.

Hunt Local Directory Numbers. A Hunt Local Directory Number ((Hunt LDN) is a phone number
reachable through local Line Circuits.

Hop-Off Directory Number. A Hop-off PBX call travels over IP, and then “hops” off into the pub-
lic network (PSTN) on the destination side to reduce or eliminate public toll charges (also known as
Leaky Area Map). A Hop-Off Directory Number is routed over the IP to another Tenor location and
then out to the Trunk circuit, possibly to the PSTN as a local call.

Static Routes. Static Routes are used between networks and other H.323 devices that are not regis-
tered to the network through the Border Element (such as non-Quintum gateways). A static route
associates endpoints (as represented by their IP address) with Directory Number patterns.

Dial Plan Options

Public/Private Dial Plan Support.The Tenor AS supports public and private dial plans. A public
dial plan includes numbers which conform to the international dialing plan (E.164) of a country
code + city/area code + local number. For a public dial plan, you can define the numbering plan
structure for the Tenor AS to use for outgoing calls.

A private dial plan does not conform to a public dialing plan (i.e., 3 digit dialing plan); through the
Tenor AS you are able to configure the unique pattern/dialing plan structure, including number
length.

You are able to configure which dial plan to use for incoming and outgoing calls, including whether
other options such as hop-off calls, will use a public or private dial plan.

User Programmable Dial Plan Support. The User Programmable Dial Plan Support (UPDP)
enables the Tenor to identify a completely customizable set of digit sequences, such as Local,
National, International or Private Numbers.

PassThrough support for certain call types. Certain call types can be directly routed to a trunk
circuit, without going IP. There are several routing tables you can configure via the Tenor Configu-
ration Manager to adjust how the Tenor AS unit routes these types of “pass through” numbers. For
example, you may want to configure 911 as a “bypass number”, which means that all 911 calls com-
ing into Tenor AS from the line circuit will be routed directly to a Trunk circuit presumably con-
nected to a PSTN. Bypass calls are never routed over IP.

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 Chapter 1: Overview

Hop-off PBX Calls. Hop-off numbers are phone number patterns for calls to be routed out to the
PSTN. (A hop-off PBX call is a toll call which hops through a private network to reduce or elimi-
nate the toll charge.) They are entered in a Hop-off Number Directory and associated with trunks
where matching calls should be sent.

Tenor AS supports those hop-off PBX calls where the destination Tenor AS is programmed to route
the call to the PSTN. The destination Tenor AS unit is configured with the phone numbers to be
“supported” for this feature.

H.323 Gatekeeper Services

The Tenor AS unit’s built-in H.323 gatekeeper performs IP call routing functions, such as call con-
trol and administrative services to another Tenor AS unit, or another H.323 endpoint. The gate-
keeper’s functionality complies with the H.323 industry specifications for voice control and
management.

Gatekeeper. A Gatekeeper in an H.323 network provides call control services and other services to
H.323 endpoints (i.e., gateways, terminals, and MCUs). The Tenor AS has a built-in H.323 gate-
keeper which complies to the H.323 industry specifications for voice control and management. The
gatekeeper performs call routing functions for calls entering and exiting a site.

The Gatekeeper performs IP call routing functions, such as Call Control Signaling and Call Authori-
zation for Gateways, IP phones, and H.323 terminals. The Gatekeeper communicates with other
Gatekeepers through a Border Element. When using a group of Tenor AS units, you can assign one
unit as the Gatekeeper for the network. We recommend you configure each as its own gatekeeper.

Tenor AS supports gatekeeper to gatekeeper communication using the standard LRQ (Location
Request)/LCF (Location Confirm) messaging scheme.

Zone Management. A zone is a group of H.323 defined endpoints controlled by a Gatekeeper. End-
points can be gateways (i.e., Tenor AS), terminals, and/or multipoint conferencing units (MCUs).
Endpoints establish control channels with a gatekeeper for registration, admission, and security. Call
routing information about the endpoint is sent to the gatekeeper, including: IP address, unit type
(gateway, terminal, or MCU) and routing information (such as phone numbers, number patterns,
etc.).

A collection of zones is an administrative domain. An administrative domain provides call routing

services for its zones through gatekeeper to gatekeeper messages or gatekeeper to border element
messages (see below for more information).

Call Registration. When registration from an H.323 endpoint is complete and a call is originated,
the call request is sent to the gatekeeper. The call request provides the Gatekeeper with the dialed
number and requests the routing information. The gatekeeper confirms the dialed number and sup-
plies the endpoint with the destination IP address. For example, a Tenor AS’s gatekeeper will act as
the gatekeeper for that zone and all of the other endpoints will register with it.

Border Element. The Tenor AS’s gatekeeper uses a border element to gain access to the routing
database of the administrative domain for the purpose of call completion or any other services that
involve communications with other endpoints out of the administrative domain. The border element
functionality is built into the Tenor AS unit, along with the gateway and gatekeeper.

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 Chapter 1: Overview

The primary function of the border element is to collect, manage, and distribute call routing infor-
mation. A gatekeeper will establish a service relationship with a border element; the gatekeeper pro-
vides its zones capabilities and the border element shares call routing capabilities of other zones in
the administrative domain. Through the border element, gatekeepers from multiple zones will be
able to communicate.

A border element also establishes relationships with other border elements to route between admin-
istrative domains. If a gatekeeper cannot resolve an address, it contacts the border element.

In addition, if you are using more than one Tenor unit, you can configure one of the border elements
for that zone. The Tenor AS unit can use two border elements: primary and secondary. These work
together as one entity to provide redundancy and fault tolerance; there are no hierarchal differences.

Gatekeeper Gatekeeper

Zone Zone

Border Element Border Element

Gatekeeper Gatekeeper

Zone Zone

Gatekeeper Gatekeeper

Zone Zone
Administrative Domain Administrative Domain

Call Services. Gatekeepers provide services such as addressing, authorization and authentication of
terminals and gateways, bandwidth management, accounting, billing, and charging. Gatekeepers
also provide call-routing services. Specifically, the Tenor AS Gatekeeper provides the functions
which follow:

Address Translation. The gatekeeper translates telephone numbers into IP addresses and vice
versa. It performs Alias Address (phone number) to Transport Address (IP address) translation when
an endpoint requests service. The Gatekeeper uses a translation table to translate an Alias Address
(an address such as an H.323 identifier that a user may not understand) to a transport address. The
translation table is updated using Registration messages.

Autodiscovery. The gatekeeper is discovered in one of the following ways: An endpoint sends an IP
broadcast called a Gatekeeper Request message (GRQ) message (which includes that correct gate-
keeper name) to discover a Gatekeeper OR the endpoint will discover a gatekeeper by its IP address.

Routing. The gatekeeper identifies the IP address of endpoints in its administrative domain. The
gatekeeper builds a routing database from information obtained from the border element and also
from gateways and H.323 endpoints.

Admissions Control. All H.323 endpoints must register and request permission to enter the gate-
keeper’s zone; the gatekeeper will confirm or deny access to the network. The gatekeeper authorizes

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 Chapter 1: Overview

network access and protects the integrity of the network using Admission Request (ARQ), Admis-
sion Confirmation (ACF) and Admission Reject (ARJ) messages.

SIP User Agent

SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) is a signaling protocol used to establish a session on an IP network
for voice control and management; it is a request-response protocol that closely resembles Hyper-
text Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which forms the basis of the World Wide Web. SIP re-uses many of
the constructs and concepts of Internet protocols such as HTTP and Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
(SMTP). The purpose of SIP is only to establish/change/terminate sessions. SIP is not concerned
with the content or details of the session.

SIP is Transport layer-independent, which means it can be used with any transport protocol: UDP,
TCP, ATM, etc. It is text-based, so it requires no encoding/decoding like H.323. And SIP supports
user mobility, using proxies and redirecting requests to your current location.

When configured for SIP the Tenor will act as a SIP User Agent (Endpoint) as defined in IETF
RFC3261. Multiple user agents allow for separate agents to be allocated to each SIP call. It will be
able to gateway calls to and from the IP network, and Customer Premise Equipment (CPE) such as
phones, PBX's, and FAX machines, or the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). The Tenor
SIP User Agent will work in conjunction with an external SIP proxy or redirect server to route and
connect calls over SIP based networks.

There are three basic components of SIP:

1. User Agent (Endpoint)

• client element, initiates calls

• server element, answers calls
2. Network Server (Proxy Server or Redirect Server)

• name resolution
• user location
• redirect and forking
3. Registrar

• Stores registration information in a location service using a non-SIP protocol.

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Chapter 2: Hardware Components
This chapter tells you what is contained in your hardware package. A description of each component
is also included.

Specifically, the following topics are covered:

! Hardware Description

! Cables

! Specification

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Chapter 2: Hardware Components

Hardware Description

The Tenor AS is a stackable device which provides Phone/FXS and Line/FXO connections as well
as connections to the Ethernet LAN and a PC.

The unit’s front panel includes LEDs; the back panel includes connection jacks, a diagnostics
option, reset button, and an on/off power switch.

Front Panel Connections and Reset Options

Figure 2-1 Tenor AS Front Panel

Power LED

Status LED

Analog Port LEDs

LAN LEDs

The LEDs display the health of the system. There are different types of LEDs: Power, Status, LAN
and Analog Ports. A description of each is described in Table 2-1.

Table 2-1 Front Panel LEDs Definitions

LED Label LED Color Description

Power Power Green On: Indicates power is on.

Off: Power is off.
Status Status Green Flashing Operational Status.
Off: Tenor AS is working prop-
erly.
On: One or more diagnostic
tests have failed.
Line LED - Green On indicates activity is occur-
ring on the Line/FXO port.
Analog Ports 1, 2 3, and 4
Phone LED - Green On indicates activity is occur-
ring on the Phone/FXS port.

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 Chapter 2: Hardware Components

LED Label LED Color Description

Link Green On: Link is working properly

and there is activity on the line.
Off: Link has failed.

LAN 100Mb Green On: The advertised link rate is

100Mb if the link is not con-
nected, or the actual link rate is
100b if the link is connected.
Off: The advertised link rate is
10Mb if the link is not con-
nected, or the actual link rate is
10Mb if the link is connected.
Activity Green Flashing On: indicates there is activity
(i.e., transmit/receive) on the
line.
Off: No activity is occurring.

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Chapter 2: Hardware Components

Back Panel

Power Switch

Ground
Screw
Power
Receptacle

Phone/FXS port Line/FXO port LAN port Reset

ConsoleDiag
port

• Ground Screw. An earth ground screw is provided to connect to supplemental earth ground
using a Ground Safety Cable, if supplemental ground is needed.
• Phone/FXS port. Provides an RJ-11 jack for connection to a PBX, Keyphone or phone.

Figure 2-2 RJ-11 Phone/FXS Port Pin Order

Port 1 Port 2

4321 4321
Pair 1 Pair 2

Pair 3 Pair 4

Table 2-2 Input/Output RJ-11 Phone/FXS port

Pin # Used with Definition

1 Port 1, pin 4 Tip

Port 1 2 Port 1, pin 3 Ring

3 Port 1, pin 2 Tip

4 Port 1, pin 1 Ring

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 Chapter 2: Hardware Components

Pin # Used with Definition

1 Port 2, pin 4 Tip

Port 2 2 Port 2, pin 3 Ring

3 Port 2, pin 2 Tip

4 Port 2, pin 1 Ring

• Line/FXO port. Provides an RJ-11 jack for connection to the Central Office to provide direct
connection to the PSTN.

Figure 2-3 RJ-11 Phone/FXO Port Pin Order

Port 1 Port 2

4321 4321
Pair 1 Pair 2

Pair 3 Pair 4

Table 2-3 Input/Output RJ-11 Phone/FXS port

Pin # Used with Definition

1 Port 1, pin 4 Tip

Port 1 2 Port 1, pin 3 Ring

3 Port 1, pin 2 Tip

4 Port 1, pin 1 Ring

1 Port 2, pin 4 Tip

Port 2 2 Port 2, pin 3 Ring

3 Port 2, pin 2 Tip

4 Port 2, pin 1 Ring

• LAN port. 10/100 Base-T Ethernet port. This port provides an RJ-45 jack for an individual
connection to a 10/100 Ethernet LAN switch or hub via RJ-45 cable; it is individually config-
ured with a unique IP and MAC address.

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Chapter 2: Hardware Components

Figure 2-4 10/100 BASE-T Ethernet Port Pin Order

Table 2-4 Input/Output 10/100 Ethernet port

Pin # Signal Definition Color

1 TX + Transmit Data White w/orange

2 TX - Transmit Data Orange

3 RX + Receive Data White w/green

4 RSVD Reserved Blue

5 RSVD Reserved White w/blue

6 RX - Receive Data Green

7 RSVD Reserved White w/Brown

8 RSVD Reserved Brown

• Console port. This RS-232 connector is used for connection to a PC’s serial port via DB-9
serial cable at 38400 BPS 8N1, without flow control. The input/output signals are listed in
Table 2-5.

Figure 2-5 DB-9 Female Connector Pin Order

54321

9876

Table 2-5 Serial RS232 DB-9 Connector Pinouts

Pin # Function Description

1 DTR Data Terminal Ready

2 TXD Transmit Data

3 RXD Receive Data

4 CD Carrier Detect
5 GND Signal Ground

6 N.C. No Connect

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 Chapter 2: Hardware Components

Pin # Function Description

7 N.C. No Connect
8 N.C. No Connect

9 N.C. No Connect

• Diag. Enables you to perform software diagnostic procedures.

• Reset. Enables you to reset the system. See Chapter 5: Advanced Topic: Diagnostics/Maintenance
for more information.
• Power Switch. Switch to turn power on and off.
• Power Socket. Connection port to external power supply block.

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Chapter 2: Hardware Components

Cables

The cables listed in Table 2-6 are required to connect a Tenor AS to various interfaces. Contact Quin-
tum for ordering information, if necessary.

Table 2-6 Cables Supported

Cable Usage

RJ-11 to RJ-11 Cable Connection to FXO/Line. (For the AS400 unit.

a Dual Port Splitter Cable is required.)

RJ-11 to RJ-11 Cable Connection to FXS/Phone. (For the AS400

unit, a Dual Port Splitter Cable is required.)

RJ-11 Splitter Cable Connection to ASM400 units enabled for four

FX0 ports or to ASM400 units enabled for
four FXS ports.

RJ-45 Ethernet cable Connection to Ethernet LAN 10/100

DB-9 Serial RS-232 Connection to PC’s asynchronous console

port.

AC power adaptor/cord One AC power adapter/cord for connection to

AC power jack.

RJ-11 Cables (for ASM200, ASG200)

An RJ-11 cable is used to connect the Tenor AS to an FXO or FXS external device. The RJ-11 cable
connector pinouts are given in this section to help you identify the proper connector to accommo-
date your specific networking requirements. The RJ-11 connector is the EIA/TIA standard for
Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cable; the wiring color codes are UTP Standard Coloring. The pin
order is shown in Figure 2-6.

Figure 2-6 RJ-11 Pin Order

Top View
4 1

1 4

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 Chapter 2: Hardware Components

Figure 2-7 RJ-11 Connector Pinouts

Pin # Connects to Pin #
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4

Table 2-7 RJ-11 Connector Pinouts

Pin # Definition

1 TIP
2 Ring

3 Tip

4 Ring

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 Chapter 2: Hardware Components

RJ-11 Splitter Cable (for ASM400 and ASG400)

An RJ-11 cable is used to connect the Tenor AS to an FXO or FXS external device. The RJ-11 cable
connector pinouts are given in this section to help you identify the proper connector to accommo-
date your specific networking requirements. The RJ-11 connector is the EIA/TIA standard for
Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cable; the wiring color codes are UTP Standard Coloring.

The RJ-11 Splitter cable’s single end is labeled Tenor (see Figure 2-9); the split ends can be a 6-pin
jack (accepts 4-pin plug or 6-pin plug) or 4-pin plug. Each end is labeled A or B (see Figure 2-9) for
pin order.

For illustration purposes, the 4-pin plug is shown in Figure 2-8.

Figure 2-8 RJ-11 Splitter Cable

Top View 1
4
4
1 1

Figure 2-9 RJ-11 Splitter Cable Pin Order

Pin# Connects to Pin#

1
1 2 B
Tenor 4 3
2 4
3
1
2 A
3
4

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 RJ-45 Cables

RJ-45 cable connector pinouts are given in this section to help you identify the proper connector to
accommodate your specific networking requirements. The RJ-45 (ISO 8877) connector is the EIA/
TIA standard for Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cable; the wiring color codes are UTP Standard
Coloring. The pin order is shown in Figure 2-1.

Figure 2-1 RJ-45 Pin Order

Side View

8 1
Top View

1 8

RJ-45 Ethernet Cable (10/100)

An RJ-45 (10/100BaseT) straight through shielded cable is used to connect Tenor AS to an Ethernet
LAN. Cable pinouts are listed in Table 2-1. Color specifications are applicable to the RJ-45 cable
provided.

Figure 2-2 RJ-45 (10/100BT) Connector Pinouts

Pin # Connects to Pin #

1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8

Table 2-1 RJ-45 (10/100BT) Connector Pinouts

Pin # Signal Definition Color

1 TX + Transmit Data White w/orange

2 TX - Transmit Data Orange

3 RX + Receive Data White w/green

4 Unused Unused Blue

5 Unused Unused White w/blue

6 RX - Receive Data Green

7 Unused Unused White w/Brown

8 Unused Unused Brown

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 DB-9 Serial RS-232 Cable

The Serial RS-232 9-pin cable with a DB-9 male connector (with RS-232 interface) is used to con-
nect the Tenor AS to your PC’s asynchronous serial port. The pin order for DB-9 male and female
connectors are shown in Figure 2-3 and Figure 2-4.

Figure 2-3 DB-9 Male Connector Pin Order

12345

6789

Figure 2-4 DB-9 Female Connector Pin Order

54321

9876

Figure 2-5 DB-9 Connector Pinouts

Pin # Con nects to P in #
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8
9 9

Table 2-2 DB-9 Connector Pinouts

Pin # Function Description Pin #

1 DTR Data Terminal Ready 1

2 TXD TransmitData 2

3 RXD Receive Data 3

4 CD Carrier Detect 4

5 GND Signal Ground 5

6 N.C. No Connect 6

7 N.C. No Connect 7
8 N.C. No Connect 8

9 N.C. No Connect 9

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 Chapter 2: Hardware Components

Specifications

Voice/Fax
Call Routing: FXO/FXS/IP
Coding: A-law, mu-law
Voice Algorithms: G.723.1A (5.3, 6.3 Kbps), G.726 (16, 24, 32, 40 Kbps), G.729A, G711
Fax Support: Group III at 2.4, 4.8, 7.2, 9.6, 12, 14.4 Kbps
Automatic Call Detection:Voice/Modem/Fax

PSTN/PBX Connections
Interface: Analog, FXO Interface (PSTN side), FXS Interface (PBX side)
Connector: RJ-11
Ringing Cadence: Adjustable, country-dependent
Maximum Loop Current: 24 mA
Ringer Equivalence Number:3 up to 1000 feet of 24 AWG or heaver)
Ringing Frequency: Adjustable, country-dependent
Ringing Voltage: Adjustable, country-dependent

LAN Connection
LAN Support: 10/100 Mbps Ethernet
Connection Type: Autosensing of speed and duplex

Physical
Depth: 7” (18.73 cm)
Height: 2” (5.1 cm)
Width 10 1/8 (24.5 cm)
Weight: 3.5 lbs (1.6 kg)

Electrical
Ethernet: Standard 10/100Base-T RJ-45 interface (IEEE 802.3)
FXO/FXS: Standard RJ-11 connectors
Connectors: 2 RJ-11 connectors for FXO connection
2 RJ-11 connectors for FXS connection
Console Port: RS-232/DB-9 Female
Power: 12Vdc at 1.2A max. Wall adapter is supplied with each unit to derive
the 12Vdc needed

Environmental
Operating Temperature: 40° to 104° F (5 - 40° C)
Operating Humidity: 10% to 90% non-condensing
Altitude: -200 to 10,000 feet, or -60 to 3,000 meters
Storage Temperature: 14° to 140° F, or -10° to 60° C

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Chapter 3: Installation/Basic
Troubleshooting

This chapter gives you installation instructions, as well as how to position the Tenor AS successfully
within your network.

Specifically, the following topics are covered:

! Installation

! Install Ground Safety Cable

! Power up the System

! Assign IP Address

! Load Software Upgrade

! Getting Started with Configuration

! Common Symptoms Problems

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Chapter 3: Installation/Basic Troubleshooting

Installation

Before you begin the actual installation, review the pre-installation guidelines which follow and
inspect the package contents.

Pre-Installation Guidelines
• Always use an anti-static wrist strap when handling the unit.
• Do not open the unit cover. Inside parts have hazardous voltages and are extremely sensitive to
static. If the unit has been opened, your warranty is void.
• Do not connect equipment in wet conditions and keep away from dusty areas.
• The area must not exceed the temperature and humidity guidelines outlined in Chapter 2:
Hardware Components.
• Avoid exposing the unit to excessive vibrations.
• Ensure no equipment is put on top of the chassis.

Inspect Package Contents

Before you install the hardware, ensure the following components are included in your shipment:

• Tenor AS
• 1 AC Power adaptor/cord
• 1 DB-9 RS-232 Serial Cable
• RJ-45 Cable
• Product Guide in CD format

If a listed component is not included in your package, contact your customer service representative.

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 Chapter 3: Installation/Basic Troubleshooting

Connect to Phone/FXS Interface

Since there are many different PBX devices, keys systems, fax machines and phones you can con-
nect to the Tenor AS, the instructions which follow explain the general procedure for connecting an
RJ-11 cable (included in your package) between the Phone/FXS port and an external device. Use the
phone/FXS ports for on-premise wiring only.

For the ASM200 and ASG200, you can connect one device to each FXS port. For the ASM400 and
ASG400, you can connect two devices to each FXS port (using an RJ-11 Dual Port Splitter).

See Chapter 2: Hardware Components for the RJ-11 cable pinouts you can use to acquire another
cable or adaptor that may be required to connect to the specific external device.

Figure 2-1 Connect to Phone/FXO port

RJ-11 RJ-11 Dual Port Splitter

For ASM400, an RJ-11 Dual Port Splitter
Cable is used in each port enabled for 4 FXS
ports.

Phone
PBX

Connect to Phone/FXS port as follows:

CAUTION: Connect the Phone/FXS ports to a telephone, fax machine, PBX or key system only.
Connecting to other devices/networks (i.e., telephone wall jack) will cause damage to
the unit.

1. Plug one end of the RJ-11 cable into one of the two ports on the front of the unit labeled Phone/FXS. See
Chapter 2: Hardware Components for cable pinouts.

2. Insert the other end of the RJ-11 cable into the appropriate analog port on the PBX or key system, or into
the jack on the back or underside of the phone or fax machine. For the PBX connection, see your PBX doc-
umentation port requirements for connection specifics.

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Chapter 3: Installation/Basic Troubleshooting

Connect to Line/FXO Interface

To connect to the Line/FXO port, you must first connect the analog phone lines to another piece of
equipment that houses your telephone lines running to the PSTN, such as the patch panel, punch
down block or wire wrap blocks. If you are unsure of the installation procedures, contact the net-
work administrator or review the documentation you received with the PBX.

For the ASM200 and ASG200, you can connect one device to each Line/FXO port. For the
ASM400 and ASG400, you can connect two devices to each Line/FXO port (using an RJ-11 Dual
Port Splitter).

See Chapter 2: Hardware Components for the RJ-11 cable pinouts you can use to acquire another
cable or adaptor that may be required to connect to the specific external device.

Figure 2-2 Connect to Line/FXO Interface

RJ-11 Dual Port Splitter

For ASM400, an RJ-11 Dual Port Splitter
Cable is used in each port enabled for 4 FX0
ports.
RJ-11

PSTN
Patch Panel
Punchdown
Punchdown
Blockblock

1. Plug one end of the RJ-11 cable into one of the ports labeled Line/FXO. See Chapter 2: Hardware Com-
ponents for cable pinouts if you are making your own cable.

2. Connect the other end of the RJ-45 straight cable to the patch panel (or other external device) which
houses your telephone lines.

NOTE: Connecting to the patch panel may require trained telephone personnel.

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 Chapter 3: Installation/Basic Troubleshooting

Connect to Ethernet LAN

You can use these instructions for general connection purposes only. The Ethernet hub/switch manu-
facturer’s documentation should provide specific instructions for connection to another device, such
as the Tenor AS.

Figure 2-3 Connect to Ethernet Hub/Switch

Data
Network

Ethernet Hub/Switch

1. Plug one end RJ-45 Ethernet cable into the port labeled LAN.

2. Plug the other end of the cable into one of the Ethernet hub/switch ports. If a custom cable or adapter is
required, see Chapter 2: Hardware Components for the Ethernet RJ-45 10/100.

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Chapter 3: Installation/Basic Troubleshooting

Connect to PC Console

You will need to connect the Tenor AS to your workstation’s serial port via RS-232 connection.
(This connection will be used when you assign an IP address to the unit.) For the instructions below,
it is assumed you are connecting to a Windows PC.

Figure 2-4 Connect to PC Com Port

DB-9

1. Insert the male end of the DB-9 cable into the port labeled Console. (See Chapter 2: Hardware Compo-
nents for RS-232 connector pinouts.)

2. Insert the female end of the DB-9 cable into your workstation’s serial console port (see your PC documen-
tation for more information about this port).

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 Chapter 3: Installation/Basic Troubleshooting

Install Supplemental Ground Safety Cable (if required)

The Tenor AS provides a supplemental Earth Ground screw (a #6 screw). This screw provides earth
ground to the unit if additional grounding is required. To provide ground via the grounding screw,
you will need to connect the grounding screw to a Ground Safety Cable, which can then be con-
nected to an approved safety earth ground.

Connect the Ground Safety Cable as follows:

1. Unscrew the existing screw from the grounding hole.

2. Place the screw through the ring connector at one end of the ground safety cable.

3. Attach the screw securely to the threaded grounding hole.

4. Connect the other end of the ground safety cable to an approved electrically grounded object. Consult with
a licensed electrician if you are unclear about this operation.

Figure 2-5 Install Ground Safety Cable

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Chapter 3: Installation/Basic Troubleshooting

Power up the System

Once you have all cables connected properly, you are ready to turn the system on as follows:

1. Plug in the AC power cord adaptor to an AC outlet.

2. Locate the on/off switch on the back of the unit and click the switch to On.

The unit will power up and the LEDs will flash and turn off; the power LED will remain lit. For
information about the LEDs, see Chapter 2: Hardware Components.

Once the unit is powered up, you are ready to assign an IP address. See the following section Change
IP Address.

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 Chapter 3: Installation/Basic Troubleshooting

Assign IP address

Before you can configure a Tenor AS, you need to assign a valid IP address. When a Tenor AS is
shipped to a customer, you need to assign a valid IP address for each unit. An IP address is a 32 bit
(up to 12 numeric characters) address used to identify each network device in the TCP/IP network.
If the unit does not have an IP address, data will not be able to be sent to or from the unit.

Communication between the Tenor and the PC is enabled via RS-232 connection and terminal emu-
lation software. The instructions below assume you are running HyperTerminal (running Windows
95 or later) on your PC. For all other terminal emulation packages, the specific Tenor commands
used to assign the IP address will be the same, but the software specific instructions will be different.
Consult the applicable documentation for more information.

You can re-configure the IP address using the procedure which follows.

1. Press the Tenor AS’s power switch to On.

2. Click on Start> Programs> Accessories> Communications>HyperTerminal> Run. The Connection

Description window will be displayed.

3. Enter a connection name (i.e., name for each unit such as Tenor AS New Jersey).

4. Click Ok.

5. Choose the serial port on your PC from the Connect Using drop down list box (i.e., Direct to Com 1). Click
Ok. The Com1 Properties window will be displayed. See Figure 2-6.

Figure 2-6 Port Settings Window

6. From the Bits Per Second drop down list box, choose 38400.

7. From the Data Bits drop down list box, choose 8.

8. From the Parity drop down list box, choose None.

9. From the Stop bits drop down list box, choose 1.

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Chapter 3: Installation/Basic Troubleshooting

10. From the Flow control drop down list box, choose None.

11. Click Ok and a connection to the Tenor will be established. Information about the unit will scroll on the
screen.

12. Enter login and password. Both are admin by default.

13. A message will appear on the screen “Tenor Analog does not have an Ethernet interface configured. Would
you like to configure an Ethernet Interface?” (y/n).

14. Type y.

15. For IP Address, enter the IP address for the Tenor unit.

16. For Subnet Mask, enter the subnet mask. This address is used to differentiate the network portion of the IP
address from the host portion of the IP address.

17. For Default Gateway, choose whether there should be a default gateway (router) which routes packet data
outside of your LAN and enter its IP address.

18. A message will appear on the screen “Tenor Analog Ethernet Interface successfully configured.” The
Tenor will restart using the new Ethernet settings.

Tenor will restart using the new Ethernet settings.

Change IP Address

You are able to change the IP address in which the unit is attached as follows:

NOTE: The instructions below assume you are running Windows 2000 or above.

1. Press the Tenor AS’s power switch to On.

2. Click on Start> Programs> Accessories> Communications>HyperTerminal> Run. The Connection

Description window will be displayed.

3. Enter a connection name (i.e., name for each unit such as Tenor AS New Jersey).

4. Click Ok.

5. Choose the serial port on your PC from the Connect Using drop down list box (i.e., Direct to Com 1). Click
Ok. The Com1 Properties window will be displayed. See Figure 2-7.

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 Chapter 3: Installation/Basic Troubleshooting

Figure 2-7 Port Settings Window

6. From the Bits Per Second drop down list box, choose 38400.

7. From the Data Bits drop down list box, choose 8.

8. From the Parity drop down list box, choose None.

9. From the Stop bits drop down list box, choose 1.

10. From the Flow control drop down list box, choose None.

11. Press the Tenor AS power switch to On. After the bootup sequence, the login prompt will appear.

12. Enter a login name. The default login name is admin.

13. Enter a password. The default password is admin. (Once you are up and running, changing the
password is a good idea for security purposes). Step through each of the following parameters
and enter the correct values for your installation: IP address, Subnet Mask and Default Gate-
way.
14. At the Quintum prompt, type ei to reach the Ethernet prompt and then type config to change to the Con-
figuration mode.

15. To set the IP address, type set ipa followed by the IP address.

16. To set the Subnet Mask, type set subnetmask, followed by the subnet mask.

17. Type siprd to change to the Static IP Route Directory.

18. To set the Default Gateway IP, type change 1 g followed by the IP address for the default gateway IP.

19. Type submit.

20. Type maint to reach the maintenance mode and then mc. Type reset. A confirmation message will ask if
you want to reset the unit. Type yes to reset the unit. The reboot enables the Tenor to incorporate the new
settings.

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Chapter 3: Installation/Basic Troubleshooting

Getting Started with Configuration/Making the First Call

This section includes basic information for making the first call using VoIP and a Tenor AS; for an
example, this call will enable you to dial Quintum Technology’s test unit and hear a recorded mes-
sage. Once you have accomplished that, you can modify the configuration to meet your own specific
needs.

For future calls, if you require detailed configuration information, see the Tenor Configuration Man-
ager/Tenor Monitor User’s Guide and Command Line Interface (CLI) guide for detailed configura-
tion information (both documents are located on the CDR ROM you received with the unit or you
can download the latest documentation from www.quintum.com).

If you are using a cable modem, or a DSL modem and a firewall, specific instructions are included
in this section, When configuring a firewall, set up a DMZ (this makes the firewall act as a switch so
that all incoming IP traffic for the firewall’s WAN IP will be routed directly to the Tenor AS). If you
are using a cable modem with NO firewall, specific configuration options are also included.

Figure 2-8 Making the First Call

New York

These instructions assume the unit is taken right from the box and is in the default state from the fac-
tory, and basic connections are made. See below for a list of prerequisites that must be met before
making a call from the Tenor.

• An analog phone connected to the port labeled FXS.

• A connection between the Tenor’s port labeled Console and your workstation’s serial console
port. See Installation.
• Tenor Configuration Manager software is loaded on your workstation.
• Through HyperTerminal, you have configured an Ethernet Interface by assigning an IP
Address, Subnet Mask, and Default Gateway (see Assign IP address for more information).

Execute the first call as follows:

NOTE: If the call does not connect or you encounter a problem, see Common Symptoms/Problems or Chap-
ter 5: Advanced Topic: Diagnostics/Maintenance for possible solutions.

1. Start the Configuration Manager.

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 Chapter 3: Installation/Basic Troubleshooting

2. At the prompt, enter the IP address for your unit and enter the default login and password (admin/
admin).

3. At the Phone(FXS)/Line(FXO)> AnalogInterface-Line screen, enable all four lines (or two lines, depend-
ing upon the unit type) under FXO Channel Assignment. Click on Confirm/OK.

4. At the System-Wide Configuration> Dial Plan screen, enter an Area Code (default is 732) and check Use
10 Digit Local Dial. Click on Confirm/OK.

Allows the unit to use the 732 area code for its call without having to dial a “1”.

5. At the System-Wide Configuration> Time Server screen, set the Primary Time Server IP Address to a
standard Time Server IP Address. This is not a required entry for the first call, but it is a good idea to set it
at this point.

Set the Secondary Time server IP Address to a standard Time Server IP Address.

Set the UTC Offset to -5 hours.

Click on Confirm/OK.

6. At the VoIP Configuration> Gatekeeper/Border Element screen, set the Primary Border Element IP
Address (i.e., 208.226.140.40 for Quintum’s test unit). Click on Confirm/OK.

7. At the VoIP Configuration> H323 Signaling Group screen, set the Primary Gatekeeper IP (i.e.,
208.226.140.40 for Quintum’s test unit) Click on Confirm/OK.

Allows the unit to get the information it needs to route your phone call to a specific IP address.

8. At the System-Wide Configuration> Circuit Configuration> Line Routing Configuration> Hunt LDN
Directories> Hunt LDN Directory-pub 1 screen, enter a pattern. (i.e., 10 digit phone number that will be
assigned to the phone on your end). Click on Confirm/OK.

This provides the Gatekeeper with a phone number designation for your unit.

For use with a Cable Modem or DSL Modem and a Firewall only
9. At the Ethernet Configuration> Ethernet Interfaces> Ethernet Interface-1 screen and enter the External
NAT IP (this is the IP that the service provider assigns to the firewall WAN port). Click Confirm/OK.
This was tested with a Linksys™ firewall. Other types may work as well and should be configured simi-
larly.

For use with a Cable Modem and No Firewall only

10. At the Ethernet Configuration> Ethernet Interfaces> Ethernet Interface-1 screen, check the Enable
DHCP box. Click Confirm/OK.

This provides a way for your service provider to assign an IP to your unit which can then be reached by the
Gatekeeper on the public internet.

11. Submit all changes (through File>Submit Changes).

12. Pick up the phone and hear dial tone. Dial 7324609000. The call should route to Quintum’s test unit and
you should hear a recorded message.

When you dial 7324609000 (ten-digits), your unit (the Gateway) consults the Gatekeeper's
table of phone number to IP translations (the Gatekeeper is an application or function

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 Chapter 3: Installation/Basic Troubleshooting

inside the test Gateway at 208.226.140.40), and sends the appropriate data to the other
endpoint (in this case, the Quintum test unit). The Gateway is merely another function or
application of 208.226.140.40. The Gateway functions allow the incoming call to be
connected to Quintum’s PBX.

Load Software Upgrade

To upgrade the software, download the upgrade from the CD ROM you received with the unit, or
download the latest software/documentation from www.quintum.com.

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 Chapter 3: Installation/Basic Troubleshooting

Common Symptoms/Problems

Before you begin troubleshooting a potential malfunction, it is a good idea to check your basic hard-
ware connections. See below.

• Ensure power cord is firmly installed in the back panel’s power jack and the other end is
plugged into the AC power source.
• Ensure the unit’s power switch is in the On position.
• Verify that all RJ-45, RJ-11 and DB-9 cables fit snugly in each back panel jack. Faulty connec-
tions may cause a number of network interfacing or connection issues.

If you suspect the problem to be on the network end, contact your Central Office to verify proper
operation.

Below is a list of common symptoms and problems you may encounter. Use this list as a guideline;
if your problem is not listed, use the diagnostic procedure explained in the beginning of this chapter.

Table 2-1 Common Symptoms/Problems

Common Symptom/Problem Description/Solution

Unit will not turn on. Check AC power source.

Communication between Tenor AS and There are several reasons why communication may
the FXO or FXS cannot be established. not be successful. A few of the most common are
listed below.

Verify correct RJ-11, RJ-45 and DB-9 cables are

installed in the Phone/FXS and Line/FXO ports.

Ensure the unit is on.

Network issues may cause a number of problems.

Contact the Central Office to perform test procedures.
Communication with Command Line The IP address of the Tenor AS unit may be incorrect.
Interface (CLI) cannot be established
using Telnet. Check Ethernet Cable.

Verify the IP address of Tenor AS. Check the Default

Gateway Subnet Mask. Check Ethernet connection via
RS-232 connection. See Chapter 3: Installation.

Verify network connectivity using ping from another

network host.

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 Chapter 3: Installation/Basic Troubleshooting

Common Symptom/Problem Description/Solution

Communication with Ethernet Hub, or Verify RJ-45 cable is firmly installed in the Ethernet
switch cannot be established. port.

Check MDI/MDIX configuration. Check duplex set-

ting on the switch in which they were connected and
the speed of 10MB or 100 MB.
Communication between the computer’s Verify DB-9 cable is firmly placed in the unit’s con-
COM port and Tenor AS serial port can- sole port and your PC’s serial port.
not be established.
Verify Terminal port settings at 38400 BPS 8N1 No
Flow Control.
Tenor AS cannot receive or transmit Ensure FXO/FXS ports are working correctly.
calls. Generate alarm list for more information.

Contact Central Office for interface issues.

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Chapter 4: Advanced Topic: View Call
Detail Records
This chapter tells you how to display and understand the Call Detail Recording (CDR) feature,
which enables you to view call information. Examples are included later in this chapter.

Specifically, the following topics are included.

! CDR Description

! Establish Connection

! CDR Output

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Chapter 4: Advanced Topic: View Call Detail Records

What is a CDR?

A Call Detail Record (CDR) is a string of data which contains call information such as call date and
time, call length, calling party, and called party. Through the Call Detail Recording (CDR) feature,
the Tenor AS unit is able to generate a CDR at the completion of each call. CDRs are collected from
multiple Tenor AS units simultaneously and continuously.

A CDR file can be created each day to collect CDRs from each Tenor AS that connects to the server.
From this information you can capture billing type data which can be used by separate software
components to create billing reports, view call records, and generate daily/weekly/monthly statistics
reports.

The last 9600 CDRs generated are stored by the Tenor AS unit in a circular buffer (this means that
any number of CDRs over 9600 will overwrite the existing CDRs). We advise that you set up a PC
or workstation to act as a CDR server responsible for receiving the CDRs as they are generated (up
to two ports can be set up to collect CDRs from the Tenor AS unit). The server will be responsible
for capturing CDRs via TCP/IP, processing/storing them in permanent memory, and producing bill-
ing records. Any CDRs not collected from the Tenor AS unit will be lost if the unit is powered down.

The CDR software and Billing software mentioned is 3rd party software, and is not supported by
Quintum.

There are two ways to view Call Detail Records (CDRs) for the Tenor AS unit: through the Com-
mand Line Interface (CLI) or through Tenor Monitor. The information for accessing CDRs via CLI
is detailed in this chapter: see the Tenor Configuration Manager/Tenor Monitor User’s Guide for
information about viewing alarms via Tenor Monitor.

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Establish connection between Tenor AS and CDR Server

In order to capture CDRs, a connection between the Tenor AS unit and the CDR server must be
established. A Tenor AS can be configured to connect up to two CDR servers via port 9002 and
9003. Based on configuration, the Tenor AS unit can either establish a TCP/IP session with one or all
of these CDR servers. A flow diagram (Figure 4-1) illustrates the general transfer of information.

Figure 4-1 Flow of CDR Information

Tenor AS
Tenor CMS CDR Server
Tenor ASCMS connects
to CDR Server automatically. CDR Server logs into Tenor AS
CMS'
(after initial configuration of
or Port Number 9002 or 9003
S erver IP Address & Port Number)

TCP/IP Connection Established

Sends Welcome Message

Sends Password Prompt

Enters Password
Verifies Password

DX’s IP address &

Provides CMS'
U nit Name
Provides last CDR Sequence
Number received

Begins delivering CDR's

Before attempting to collect CDRs, you should configure the desired information. You can assign a
CDR server IP address, CDR server port number, CDR server password, and CDR format informa-
tion using the following CLI commands: cdrserverip, cdserverport, cdrpassword, and cdrformat.

• CDRServerIPAddr: IP address of the CDR server. (Used when the Tenor AS unit established
connection with the CDR server.)
• CDRServerPort: The application port numbers used by the CDRServer(s). (Used when the
Tenor AS establishes connection with the CDR server.)
• CDRPassWord: Password to be used by the CDR server(s).
• CDRFormat: This configuration parameter command is used to choose which of the possible
Call Data record output formats you would like to send to your CDR server. See CDR Output for
information about available formats.

Configure Tenor AS for connection to CDR Server

NOTE: The CDR Server software is a Windows-based .exe file available on the CD you received
with your system; this software is not supported by Quintum.

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The instructions below are performed via Command Line Interface (CLI). See the Command Line
Interface (CLI) user guide for specific information.

1. Through CLI, access the Configuration prompt.

2. Access the config-CDRServer-1# prompt (the number will change according to the desired
server).

3. Type set CDRServerIPaddr followed by the IP address of the CDR server and press Enter.

4. Type set CDRServerPort followed by the desired port number and press Enter. The default port
is 9002.

5. Type set CDRPassWord followed by the desired password and press Enter. The password is an
alphanumeric string.

6. Type set CDRFormat followed by the desired format (0, 1, 3, 4, 100, 101, 103 or 104) for dis-
playing CDRs. See previous section for definitions.

Once you configure this information, you will be able to capture CDR reports through the CDR
server and the Tenor AS unit, and it will be able to establish a TCP/IP session with the server on its
own.

Setup CDR Server and assign password

Before the CDR server can collect CDRs, you must install the cdrserver.cfg file as follows:

NOTE: The software is a Windows-based .exe file available on the CD you received with your
system; this software is not supported by Quintum.

1. Create a directory in which to install the cdrserver.cfg file, such as c:\cdr.

NOTE: You can obtain the cdrserver.cfg file via Quintum Training class or through our web site at
www.quintum.com.

2. Copy the cdrserver.cfg file and install it into the directory you created in step 1.

3. Copy the cdrsrv.exe file and install it into the directory your created in step 1.

4. Double-click on the cdrserver.exe file. The CDR files will be generated and saved to the direc-
tory in which you are working. File names are listed as the data/gateway from which the file was
created.

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Change CDR Password

Change the CDRserver password, if desired, as follows:

1. From the directory in which you are working, right click on the cdrserver.cfg file. At the Open
with option, choose Notebook.

2. Scroll down to the line stating cdr_password. Next to that line, enter the password. Valid entry:
up to 30 characters.

Tenor AS Establishes Connection with CDR Server

To capture CDR reports via CDR server (i.e., a PC or workstation you use to capture CDR data) you
must first configure the IP address and port number of the CDR server in the Tenor AS unit. Once
these are configured, the Tenor AS unit will be able to establish a TCP/IP session with the server on
its own.

CDR Server Establishes Connection with Tenor AS

If an IP address/port number is not configured, the CDR server has to initiate the session. The Tenor
AS unit uses TCP port numbers 9002 and 9003 on its side for the CDR sessions. The CDRServerport
must still be configured to either 9002 or 9003 (see the Command Line Interface user guide for spe-
cific information).

Whether the Tenor AS unit establishes the connection with the CDR server or the CDR server
attempts to establish the connection, there is a limit of 5 attempts to enter the correct password
before the TCP session is terminated (to configure a password, see the CLI command cdrpassword
in the previous section).

After the CDR server successfully logs into the CDR port of the Tenor AS unit, the CDR server will
be provided with the IP address and unit name of the Tenor AS. The CDR server will then supply the
sequence number of the last CDR that it has received from the Tenor AS unit. If the last CDR num-
ber is unknown, the server should send 0 for the sequence number. After this exchange, the Tenor AS
will start delivering new CDRs to the server.

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CDR Output

The following is an example of a CDR output. Each field in a CDR string is separated by a comma
(any blank fields are designated by a comma). See below for field definitions.

There are four CDR format types:

• 0 (Standard CDR output)

• 1 (Extended CDR output)
• 3 (Extended Tenor AS output and CDR output)
• 4 (Extended Tenor AS output and CDR output)
• 100 (Standard CDR output same as selection 0 output plus session ID)
• 101 (Extended CDR output same as selection 1 output plus session ID)
• 103 (Standard CDR output same as selection 3 output plus session ID)
• 104 (Extended CDR output same as selection 4 output plus session ID)

Sample Record for Standard and Extended CDR Format 0, 1, 100, 101

Record 1 Sample: (includes fields for both Standard and Extended Formats)

1,17325551212,15,20000207062812,21060207062815,
2000020706283030,16,208.226.140.57,192.168.10.64,4,1,1,1,1,1,1,,0,0,1415551000,12345678901
234,9876543210,0123456789

Record 1 Field Definitions – Standard Formats 0 and 100

1 (Call ID), 17325551212 (Called Number), 15 (Duration), 20000207062812 (Call Initiation

Time), 20000207062815 (Call Connected Time), 2000020706283030 (Call Disconnected Time),
16 (Cause Code), 208.226.140.57 (Local IP Address), 192.168.10.64 (Remote IP Address), 4
(Origination Trunk ID), 1 (Call Type), 1 (Call Number Type), 1 (Incoming Line),1 (Incoming
Channel), 1 (Outgoing Line), 1 (Outgoing Channel), blank AutoSwitch Time, blank
(AutoSwitch Duration), 0 (Bad IP Quality Events), 0 (AutoSwitch Flag)

Record 1 Field Definitions – Extended Formats 1 and 101

The extended format includes all fields used in the standard format plus the following fields:

1415551000 (Calling Party Number), 12345678901234 (PIN Code), 9876543210 (Remote Call
ID #), 0123456789 (Local Call ID #)

Definitions for each field appear below.

Call ID: Sequence number. This is a unique number assigned to identify an individual call (i.e, 1, 2,
3,…). The sequence number starts from 1 and wraps around at 4,294,967,295. When a Tenor AS unit
resets, the sequence number starts from 1 again. If the system has a problem and loses connectivity,

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the CDR server can send the Tenor AS unit the last Call ID that is received. The Tenor AS unit will
reply with all records that contain a Call ID which is greater than the one last received.

Called #: The number called. This will be in international format except for a pass-through call
going from PBX to PSTN or a call going from PSTN to PBX.

Duration: Call duration. This value is in seconds, the value will be 0 if never connected.

Call Initiation Time: The date and time the call initiated. The time will be the local time configured
on the Tenor AS unit. The entry will be in the following format: yyyymmddhhmmss where yyyy (4
digits for year), mm (2 digits for month), dd (2 digits for day), hh (2 digits for hour), mm (2 digits
for minutes), ss (2 digits for seconds).

Call Connected Time: The date and time the call was actually connected. The time will be the local
time configured on the Tenor AS unit. The entry will be in the following format: yyyymmddhhmmss
where yyyy (4 digits for year), mm (2 digits for month), dd (2 digits for day), hh (2 digits for hour),
mm (2 digits for minutes), ss (2 digits for seconds). This field will blank if the call never connected.

Call Disconnected Time: The date and time the call disconnected. The time will be the local time
configured on the Tenor AS unit. The entry will be in the following format: yyyymmddhhmmss
where yyyy (4 digits for year), mm (2 digits for month), dd (2 digits for day), hh (2 digits for hour),
mm (2 digits for minutes), ss (2 digits for seconds).

Cause Code: The Q.931 cause value assigned if the call is not connected. Possible common entries
are listed below. This field will be blank if the call was connected.

Cause Code Definitions

16 Normal Call Clearing. The cause indicates that the call is being cleared
because one of the users has requested that the call be cleared.
17 User Busy. The called system acknowledges the connection request but
is unable to accept the call because all B channels are in use.
18 No User Responding. This cause is used when a user does not respond
to a call establishment message with either an alerting or connect indica-
tion within the prescribed period of time allocated (in Q.931 by the
expiry of either timer T303 or T310).
28 Invalid Number Format (Address Incomplete). The cause indicates
that the called user cannot be reached because the called party number is
not a valid format or is not complete.
31 Normal, Unspecified. This cause is used to report a normal event only
when no other cause in the normal class applies.
34 No Circuit/Channel Available. The connection cannot be established
because no appropriate channel is available to take the call.

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Cause Code Definitions

47 Resource Unavailable, Unspecified. This cause is used to report a
resource unavailable event only when no other cause applies.

Local IP Address: The IP address for the Tenor AS unit originating the CDR. The entry will be in
the following format: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx.

Remote IP Address: IP address for the remote destination Tenor AS. This will be generated only if
the call is VoIP; if the call is circuit based, this field will be blank. The entry will be in the following
format: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx.

Origination Trunk ID: Identifies the origination trunk ID of the line that initiated the call. This
field will be blank if no trunk ID is configured. The trunk ID is often configured with an account
code.

Call Type: The type of call. Valid entry: 1 = voice, 2 = fax, 3 = modem, 4 = data.

Call Number Type: The called numbering plan used for the call per Q.931. Possible common
entries are as follows: 1 = Public/E.164, 9 = Private.

Incoming Line: If the call is incoming, this field identifies which line the call came in on. Valid
entry: 1 = PBX, 2 = PSTN. This field will be empty if the call is an incoming VoIP call.

Incoming Channel: If the call is incoming, this field identifies which channel the call came in on.
Valid entry: 1-2 or 1-4. This field will be empty if the call is an incoming VoIP call.

Outgoing Line: If the call is outgoing, this field identifies which line the call is going out on. Valid
entry: 1 = PBX, 2 = PSTN. This field will be empty if the call is an outgoing VoIP call.

Outgoing Channel: If the call is outgoing, this field identifies which channel the call went out on.
Valid entry: 1-2 or 1-4. This field will be empty if the call is an outgoing VoIP call.

Autoswitch Time: This is the date and time the autoswitched occurred (when the call is switched
from VoIP to circuit). The entry will be in the following format: yyyymmddhhmmss where yyyy (4
digits for year), mm (2 digits for month), dd (2 digits for day), hh (2 digits for hour), mm (2 digits
for minutes), ss (2 digits for seconds). If an autoswitch did not occur, this field will be blank.

AutoSwitch Duration: The number of seconds that the autoswitch call was active. Valid entry: xx.

Bad IP Quality Events: The number of bad quality events that occur during a VoIP call. This num-
ber determines the overall quality of the call.

Autoswitch Flag. The terminating side of the autoswitch call initially terminates to the internal
autoswitch agent before the call is actually autoswitched. This termination generates an extra CDR
in addition to the original call that is autoswitched. This field identifies a call that is terminated to
the autoswitch agent, 0 = normal call, 1 = termination to the autoswitch agent.

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The following are CDR fields used in the extended format (1 or 101) only.

Calling Party Number. The number called from. The format will be delivered in whatever format
the PSTN or PBX delivers to the Tenor AS.

PIN Code. PIN code entered. 14 digits maximum. This field will be blank if a PIN code is not con-
figured.

Remote Call ID #. Unique identification number, generated by the remote-side Tenor AS, for call
record matching purposes. Only generated for IP calls. For a given IP call, the Local Call ID on one
Tenor should match the Remote Call ID of the other.

Local Call ID #. Unique identification number, generated by the local-side Tenor AS, for call record
matching purposes. Generated for all IP calls. For a given IP call, the Local Call ID on one Tenor
should match the Remote Call ID of the other.

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Sample Record for Extended Tenor AS CDR Format 3, 4, 103, 104:

Record 1 Sample: (includes fields for formats 3 and 103)

1,17325551212,15,20000207062812,21060207062815,2000020706283030,16,208.226.140.57,192
.168.10.64,4,1,1,1,2,0,1,1,2,0,1,1,,0,0,1415551000,12345678901234,9876543210,0123456789,121
38765432

Record 1 Field Definitions - Tenor AS Extended Formats (3 and 103)

1 (Call ID), 17325551212 (Called Number), 15 (Duration), 20000207062812 (Call Initiation

Time), 20000207062815 (Call Connected Time), 2000020706283030 (Call Disconnected Time),
16 (Cause Code), 208.226.140.57 (Local IP Address), 192.168.10.64 (Remote IP Address), 4
(Origination Trunk ID), 1 (Call Type), 1 (Call Number Type), 2 (Incoming Slot), 0 (Incoming
Device), 1 (Incoming Analog Interface) 1 (Incoming Channel), 2 (Outgoing Slot), 0 (Outgoing
Device), 1 Outgoing Analog Interface), 1 (Outgoing Channel), blank (AutoSwitch Time), blank
(AutoSwitch Duration), 0 (Bad IP Quality Events), 0 (AutoSwitch Flag), 1415551000 (Calling
Party Number), 12345678901234 (PIN Code), 0123456789 (Local Call ID #), 9876543210
(Remote Call ID #)

The 4 and 104 extended format includes all fields used in the 3 and 103 extended format plus the
following field:

12138765432 (Incoming/Outgoing IP DN).

Definitions for each field appears below.

Call ID: Sequence number. This is a unique number assigned to identify an individual call (i.e, 1, 2,
3,…). The sequence number starts from 1 and wraps around at 4,294,967,295. When a Tenor unit
resets, the sequence number starts from 1 again. If the system has a problem and loses connectivity,
the CDR server can send the Tenor AS unit the last Call ID that it received. The Tenor AS unit will
reply with all records that contain a Call ID which is greater than the one last received.

Called #: The number called. This will be in international format except for a pass-through call
going from the PBX to the PSTN or a call going from the PSTN to the PBX.

Duration: Call duration. This value is in seconds, the value will be 0 if never connected.

Call Initiation Time: The date and time the call initiated. The time will be the local time configured
on the Tenor AS unit. The entry will be in the following format: yyyymmddhhmmss where yyyy (4
digits for year), mm (2 digits for month), dd (2 digits for day), hh (2 digits for hour), mm (2 digits
for minutes), ss (2 digits for seconds).

Call Connected Time: The date and time the call was actually connected. The time will be the local
time configured on the Tenor AS unit. The entry will be in the following format: yyyymmddhhmmss
where yyyy (4 digits for year), mm (2 digits for month), dd (2 digits for day), hh (2 digits for hour),
mm (2 digits for minutes), ss (2 digits for seconds). This field will be blank if the call never con-
nected.

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Call Disconnected Time: The date and time the call disconnected. The time will be the local time
configured on the Tenor AS unit. The entry will be in the following format: yyyymmddhhmmss
where yyyy (4 digits for year), mm (2 digits for month), dd (2 digits for day), hh (2 digits for hour),
mm (2 digits for minutes), ss (2 digits for seconds).

Disconnect Cause Code: The Q.931 cause value assigned if the call is not connected. Possible
common entries are listed below. This field will be blank if the call was connected.

Cause Code Definitions

16 Normal Call Clearing. The cause indicates that the call is being cleared
because one of the users has requested that the call be cleared.

17 User Busy. The called system acknowledges the connection request but is
unable to accept the call because all B channels are in use.
18 No User Responding. This code is used when a user does not respond to a call
establishment message with either an alerting or connect indication within the
prescribed period of time allocated (in Q.931 by the expiry of either timer T303
or T310).

28 Invalid Number Format (Address Incomplete). The cause indicates that the
called user cannot be reached because the called party number is not a valid for-
mat or is not complete.

31 Normal, Unspecified. This code is used to report a normal event only when no
other cause in the normal class applies.
34 No Circuit/Channel Available. The connection cannot be established because
no appropriate channel is available to take the call.

47 Resource Unavailable, Unspecified. This code is used to report a resource

unavailable event only when no other code applies.

Local IP Address: The IP address for the Tenor AS unit originating the CDR. The entry will be in
the following format: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx.

Remote IP Address: IP address for the remote destination Tenor AS. This will be generated only if
the call is VoIP; if the call is circuit-based, this field will be blank.

Origination Trunk ID: Identifies the origination trunk ID of the line that initiated the call. This
field will be blank if no trunk ID is configured. The trunk ID is often configured with an account
code.

Call Type: The type of call. Valid entry: 1 = voice, 2 = fax, 3 = modem, 4 = data.

Call Number Type: The called numbering plan used for the call per Q.931. Possible common
entries are as follows: 1 = Public/E.164, 9 = Private.

Incoming Slot: The slot number to which a call enters. This entry is fixed at 2.

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Incoming Device: If the call is incoming, this field identifies which Analog Interface the call came
in on. This entry is fixed at 0.

Incoming Analog Interface: If the call is incoming, this field identifies which device interface the
call came in on. Valid entry: 1 = PBX, 2 = PSTN. This field will be empty if the call is an incoming
VoIP call.

Incoming Channel: If the call is incoming, this field identifies which channel the call came in on.
Valid entry: 1-2 or 1-4. This field will be empty if the call is an incoming VoIP call.

Outgoing Slot: If the call is outgoing, this field identifies the slot the call is going out on. This entry
is fixed at 2.

Outgoing Device. If the call is outgoing, this field identifies the Device the call is going out on. This
field is fixed at 0.

Outgoing Analog Interface. If the call is outgoing, this field identifies which Analog Interface the
call is going out on. Valid entry: 1 = PBX, 2 = PSTN. This field will be empty if the call is an outgo-
ing VoIP call.

Outgoing Channel. If the call is outgoing, this field identifies which channel the call went out on.
Valid entry: 1-2 or 1-4. This field will be empty if the call is an outgoing VoIP call.

Autoswitch Time: This is the date and time the autoswitched occurred (when the call is switched
from VoIP to circuit). The entry will be in the following format: yyyymmddhhmmss where yyyy (4
digits for year), mm (2 digits for month), dd (2 digits for day), hh (2 digits for hour), mm (2 digits
for minutes), ss (2 digits for seconds). If an autoswitch did not occur, this field will be blank.

AutoSwitch Duration: The number of seconds that the autoswitch call was active. Valid entry: xx.

Bad IP Quality Events: The number of bad quality events that occur during a VoIP call. This num-
ber determines the overall quality of the call.

Autoswitch Flag. The terminating side of the autoswitch call initially terminates to the internal
autoswitch agent before the call is actually autoswitched. This termination generates an extra CDR
in addition to the original call that is autoswitched. This field identifies a call that is terminated to
the autoswitch agent, 0 = normal call, 1 = termination to the autoswitch agent.

Calling Party Number. The number called from. The format will be delivered in whatever format
the PSTN or PBX delivers to the Tenor AS.

PIN Code. PIN code entered. 14 digits maximum. This field will be blank if a PIN code is not con-
figured.

Local Call ID #. Unique identification number, generated by the local-side Tenor AS, for call record
matching purposes. Generated only for IP calls.

Remote Call ID #. Unique identification number, generated by the remote-side Tenor AS, for call
record matching purposes. Only generated for IP calls.

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The following is a CDR field used in the extended format 4 and 104:

Incoming/Outgoing IP DN. If this is an incoming IP call, the number displayed will be the number
as received from the other endpoint. If this number is an Outgoing IP call, the number displayed will
be the DN as it was sent out over IP (Outgoing number plus prepended digits).

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Chapter 5: Advanced Topic: Diagnostics/
Maintenance
This chapter explains the advanced topics for diagnosing problems with the unit, viewing system
alarms, and performing maintenance procedures, such as upgrading the software.

! Monitor LEDs

! Monitor Alarms

! Verify Unit Provisioning

! Perform Maintenance

! Find Additional Help

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Monitor LEDs

LEDs monitor the health of the system; they are the first signal that the unit is not working properly
or that an internal or external error has occurred. LEDs appear on the front of the unit. See Chapter
2: Hardware Components to ensure the correct lighting of each LED. If the LEDs are not lighting at
all, check the AC power source to ensure power is being supplied to the unit.

Monitor Alarms

Alarms are brief text messages that appear on your workstation when the Tenor AS unit encounters a
problem, such as a failed interface, disconnected call, etc. Alarms help you identify where a specific
problem is occurring with the Tenor AS unit.

There are two ways to view alarms for the Tenor AS unit: through the Command Line Interface
(CLI) or through Tenor Monitor. The instructions in this section are for obtaining alarms through the
CLI; see the Tenor Configuration Manager/Tenor Monitor User’s Guide for information about
obtaining alarms through the Tenor Monitor.

How to Read Alarms

The Alarm Manager reports alarms according to criteria such as the alarm’s severity level, line num-
ber the alarm occurred on, channel number, etc. There are two alarm types displayed: Active Alarms
and Alarm History. An Active Alarm list displays all the alarms still active on the system; these
alarms have not been cleared or deleted. An Alarm History is a list of the last 100 alarms stored in
the system since the last time you performed a delete operation.

Definitions for generated alarm fields appear in Table 5-1.

Table 5-1 Alarm Fields and Definitions

Field Definition Valid Entry

IP # The unit’s IP address (32 bit Example:192.168.1.34.

address).
Sequence # Internal number used to iden- 01, 02, 03, etc.
tify alarms.

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Field Definition Valid Entry

Type (displays only if you The type of alarm generated. ALR = Alarm. This indicates
generate an Alarm History) an active alarm. CLR= Clear.
This indicates an alarm that
has been cleared from the sys-
tem.
RPT= Report. This indicates
that the alarm has been gener-
ated for a report. This entry is
for internal use only; if you
see an alarm that is causing
problems, contact customer
service.
Severity Level or alarm severity. 1 = Critical (complete system
is affected).
2 = Major (major problem is
detected).
3 = Minor (minor problem is
detected).
4 = Info (Information about a
minor problem).
Description A text description of the alarm; Varies.
see Table 5-2 for detailed
description.
Slot # Defines which slot the alarm Slot 1 or 2. Slot 1 refers to the
occurred on. system controller functions;
slot 2 refers to DSP functions.
Device # Defines which device the alarm Always device 0.
occurred on.
Analog Interface Defines which interface (line) 1 = PBX
alarm occurred on. 2 = PSTN
Channel # Specifies which channel the Channels 1-2 or 1-4, depend-
alarm occurred on. ing on product type.
Date/Time Date/time the event occurred Day of week: name of day.
on. Month: Jan, Feb, March, etc.
Day of month: 1 or 2 digits.
Time: 6 digits (hour minutes
seconds based on a 24-hour
clock).
Year: 4 digits.

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Valid Alarms

The following is a list of all alarm descriptions (text that appears in the Alarm Description field) for
all possible alarms the system can generate. In the generated alarm list, the alarm description
appears as part of the Description field.

Table 5-2 List of Valid Alarms

Severity
(appears as Alarm Description
Definition
part of severity (text appears in desc field)
field)

Critical Remote Alarm indication (Yellow Tenor AS is receiving a yellow alarm signal from
Alarm) the network.
Critical Loss of signal A loss of signal (32 consecutive zeros) at least once
during a one second period.
Critical Ethernet Disconnected Ethernet cable has been disconnected from the unit,
or Ethernet connectivity has been lost. No new
VoIP calls will be made and existing PSTN calls
will be switched to the PSTN.
Critical Call Handler not registered with The Call Handler process cannot be registered with
Gatekeeper the Gatekeeper.
Critical Critical Software Error A software error has occurred that affects the oper-
ability of the complete system.
Critical Tenor AS Chassis reset The chassis has reset.
Critical Configuration Data Missing Configuration via CLI is missing. Check the con-
figuration data and add the necessary information.
Critical IVR Configuration Missing Appears if an attempt to make an IVR call has been
made when a valid IP address is not configured.

Occurs if an IVR call has been passed through

accidently, without a real intention to use IVR for
subsequent calls, while both of the servers were
disabled. In order to clear the alarm, a user will
have to change one of the IP addresses to some
value, and then disable it again.
Critical RADIUS Configuration Missing Appears when a RADIUS request is made and one
or more required configuration parameters are
missing.

This alarm is cleared when the required RADIUS

parameters are configured via CLI.

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Severity
(appears as Alarm Description
Definition
part of severity (text appears in desc field)
field)

Critical RADIUS Server Not Responding Appears when none of the configured RADIUS
servers respond.

This alarm is cleared when any of the RADIUS

servers responds or the RADIUS server is disabled
via CLI.
Major Major Software Error A software error has occurred that affects system
signaling, interfaces, or other major operation.
Major File Missing in the File Server This alarm will be reported to the system when a
particular voice prompt file is not found in the IVR
Prompt Server.

This alarm applies only to the system with enabled

IVR functionality.
Major Switch to other RADIUS server Appears when the current RADIUS server stops
responding after three consecutive calls end in tim-
eouts and another RADIUS server is configured,
the Tenor will then switch to the next RADIUS
server.
Major Border Element connection lost. Indicates that the Gatekeeper lost connection with
the Border Element. This is cleared if the connec-
tion is re-established.
Minor Call Event(s) Lost A call has failed.
Minor Missing or Incorrect Profile The configuration profile has caused a problem.
Minor Minor Software Error A software error has occurred but will not affect
the operation of the complete system.
Minor Remote end did not back off in a An incoming and outgoing call went through at the
glare situation same time, and the remote end call did not back off.
Minor Unit resource constrained A shared resource in the unit loads the system.
Minor Hardware component failed A hardware component has failed. Check all com-
ponents, hardware connections, etc.

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Severity
(appears as Alarm Description
Definition
part of severity (text appears in desc field)
field)

Minor Log RADIUS server error Displayed when the RADIUS server fails to send
required data or the data sent by the RADIUS
server has improper values. Incorrect information
may contain the following:

RADIUS Server: Credit amount (-1)

RADIUS Server: Credit minus amount
RADIUS Server: Not supported currency
RADIUS Server: Credit time (-1)
RADIUS Server: Credit time < 6 sec
RADIUS Server: Invalid error code
Informational Gatekeeper status Reports the status of the Gatekeeper.
Informational Miscellaneous information Miscellaneous information about the unit is
reported. The contents of this alarm will vary.
Informational Info Software Error Indicates information about miscellaneous soft-
ware error. This does not affect system operation.
Informational Glare occurred An incoming and outgoing call went through at the
same time, and the remote end call did not back off,
but the situation was corrected.

Display all Alarms

You are able to display both active alarms and an alarm history as follows:

1. Through CLI, access the Monitor prompt.

2. Type alarm. Both active alarms and the alarm history will be displayed. See section How to Read
Alarms for field definitions.

Figure 5-1 Alarm sample

IP# Sequence#Type#Severity# Desc# Slot# Device# Analog Interface# Channel# Date/Time

192.166.28.230:944:ALR:3:Border Element connection lost:0:0:0:0:TUE OCT 14 14:05:27 2003

192.166.28.230:946:RPT:4:Gatekeeper status (Gatekeeper(0.0.0.0) removed):0:0:0:0:TUE OCT 14

14:05:27 2003

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Display Active Alarms

You are able to display all active alarms as follows:

1. Through CLI, access the Monitor prompt.

2. Type alarm a. The active alarms will be listed. See section How to Read Alarms for field defini-
tions. If you enter alarm without a command following it, both active alarms and the alarm his-
tory will be displayed.

Figure 5-2 Active Alarm Sample

IP# Sequence#Type#Severity# Desc# Slot# Device#Analog Interface# Channel# Date/Time

192.166.28.230:944:ALR:3:Border Element connection lost:0:0:0:0:TUE OCT 14 14:05:27 2003

Display Alarm History

1. Through CLI, access the Monitor prompt.

2. Type alarm h. An alarm history will be displayed. See section How to Read Alarms for field def-
initions. If you enter alarm without a command following it, both active alarms and the alarm
history will be displayed.

Figure 5-3 Alarm History Sample

IP# Sequence#Type#Severity# Desc# Slot# Device# Analog Interface# Channel# Date/Time

192.166.28.230:944:ALR:3:Border Element connection lost:0:0:0:0:TUE OCT 14 14:05:27 2003

192.166.28.230:945:RPT:4:Gatekeeper status (Gatekeeper(192.168.20.175) removed):0:0:0:0:TUE OCT 14

14:05:27 2003

192.168.20.175:946:RPT:4:Gatekeeper status (Gatekeeper(0.0.0.0) removed):0:0:0:0:TUE OCT 14

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Chapter 5: Advanced Topic: Diagnostics/Maintenance

Verify Unit Provisioning

An error with provisioning the Tenor AS may cause a number of problems. It may be a simple error,
such as an incorrect IP address or telephone number. See the Command Line Interface (CLI) guide
or the Tenor Configuration Manager/Tenor Monitor User’s Guide for provisioning information.

Maintenance Procedures

The following are advanced maintenance procedures you can do through the Command Line Inter-
face (CLI) or through the Tenor Monitor. See the applicable user documentation you received with
the unit for detailed information.

NOTE: The instructions below are given for the Command Line Interface (CLI). You can also
accomplish the tasks through the Tenor Monitor. See the user documentation you received
with the unit for detailed information.

Restore Factory Defaults

A factory default is a default setting that is configured in the factory before the unit is shipped. We
do not advise that you reset the system back to factory defaults unless advised to do so or if your
system becomes corrupted.

If you choose to restore the factory defaults, all current configuration will be deleted, including your
password. Restoring factory defaults does not change or delete the Tenor’s IP address, subnet mask
or default gateway; you will still be able to communicate with the unit after a reset.

You can set all system configuration settings back to their factory defaults through the Command
Line Interface (CLI) as follows:

1. Access the CLI through a Telnet session. See the Command Line Interface (CLI) guide for more
information.

2. Access the Config-VOIPNetwork-1 prompt.

3. Type setfactory. You will be asked if you are sure you want to set the unit back to factory
defaults.

4. Type yes to confirm (type no to cancel the restore).

Reset System

The Reset system feature enables you to reset the system, including hardware and software. You can
reset the system through the unit’s Back Panel or through the Command Line Interface (CLI).

Back Panel. Use a blunt, thin object to press in the Reset button, located on Tenor’s front panel. The
system will reset.

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Chapter 5: Advanced Topic: Diagnostics/Maintenance

Command Line Interface (CLI). You can reset the system through the Command Line Interface
(CLI) as follows:

1. Access the CLI through a Telnet session. See the Command Line Interface (CLI) guide for more
information.

2. Access the Maintain-MasterChassis-1# prompt.

3. Type reset. You will be asked if you are sure you want to set the unit back to factory defaults.

4. Type yes to confirm (type no to cancel the restore).

Change Password

For security purposes, you may want to change the password. You can change the password through
the Command Line Interface (CLI) as follows:

1. Access the CLI through a Telnet session. See the Command Line Interface (CLI) guide for more
information.

2. Access the Maintain# module.

3. Type password. A prompt will ask you for the old password.

4. Type the old password and press Enter. A prompt will ask you for the new password. Type the
new password and press Enter. A confirmation will ask you to confirm the new password.

5. Re-type the new password and press Enter.

A message will tell you the password was changed successfully.

Change Unit Date and Time

You can change the unit’s date and time via Command Line Interface (CLI) as follows:

1. Access the CLI through a Telnet session. See the Command Line Interface (CLI) guide for more
information.

2. Access the Config# module.

3. Type date followed by mm/dd/yy/hh:mm:ss and press Enter.

4. For example, type config# date 06/14/02/22:14:00. This command will set the current time to
June 14, 2002 at 10:14 p.m.

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Chapter 5: Advanced Topic: Diagnostics/Maintenance

If you need Additional Help

If you suspect the problem to be on the network end, contact your Central Office to verify proper
operation.

After completing all troubleshooting/maintenance procedures and reviewing the Common Symp-
toms/Problems section, you can contact the Customer Service Department at the following:

Quintum Technologies, Inc.

71 James Way
Eatontown, NJ 07724
For domestic calls: (877) 435-7553
For international calls: (732) 460-9399
email: [email protected]

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Chapter 6: Advanced Topic: SNMP/IVR
This chapter explains advanced topics for using the unit, including SNMP and IVR.

! SNMP Description

! Install SNMP

! Working with SNMP

! IVR

! Typical IVR Network Connection

! Configure IVR Voice Prompts

! IVR Call Flow Specifications

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Chapter 6: Advanced Topic: SNMP/IVR

SNMP

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is the standard protocol used to exchange network
management information. It is managed by Hewlett Packard®’s HP Openview™ Network Node
Manager. Specifically, this chapter tells you how HP® OpenView auto-discovers a Tenor AS unit, as
well as generate SNMP traps for existing alarm messages.

SNMP management requires two primary elements: a network manager and an SNMP agent. A net-
work manager is the software running on a workstation through which the network administrator
monitors and controls the different hardware and software systems that comprise a network. The
agent is a piece of software running on network equipment that implements the SNMP protocol.
SNMP defines exactly how a network manager communicates with an SNMP agent. For example,
SNMP defines the format of request that a network manager sends to an agent and the format of
replies the agent returns.

Through an SNMP management system, the network manager can communicate and manage sev-
eral different network devices at the same time. The network manager polls the SNMP agents (such
as routers, hubs or network servers) for certain requested information. The agent will then gather
information about the machine it is running on and carries requests from the network manager to
read and change the information.

How does Tenor AS utilize SNMP?

The Tenor AS unit supports the SNMP protocol: specifically, Hewlett Packard®’s HP Openview™
software as the SNMP network manager for the Tenor AS unit. Once you set up HP Openview to
view and “auto-discover” Tenor AS as a network device using SNMP, HP Openview will be able to
issue commands, get responses, and perform certain functions. For example, you can configure the
SNMP agent in the Tenor AS to generate and send traps for existing Tenor AS alarms to HP Open-
view.

A Tenor AS unit can report alarms for up to three network managers.

Installation Requirements

You will need to install and run HP Openview NMS 6.0 in order to recognize the Tenor AS as an
SNMP agent. Below are basic hardware and software requirements you will need to install HP
Openview. See your HP Openview documentation for detailed information and installation instruc-
tions.

Minimum hardware requirements

• Intel Pentium 120 Mhz processor-based computer

• CD Drive
• 96 MB RAM
• 250 MB free disk space on one drive
• 80 MB free page filing space

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Chapter 6: Advanced Topic: SNMP/IVR

Software requirements

• Microsoft Windows NT operating system (version 4.0), with TCP/IP version 4.0
• Microsoft SNMP Agent (SNMP Services)
• Microsoft Peer Web Services or Internet Information Server (IIS) version 4.0
• Netscape Navigator web browser (version 4.06 or higher) or Microsoft Internet Explorer web
browser (version 4.0 or higher) with Java/JavaScript options enabled.

Install SNMP

There are two steps you need to accomplish before HP Openview can interact with a Tenor AS unit
as an SNMP agent.

• Download and install HP Openview configuration files specific for Tenor AS

• Configure the IP address of the network manager in the Tenor AS

Download and install SNMP-Related Files

For HP Openview (network manager) to view and manage the Tenor AS as an SNMP agent, you
must first download and install files from the www.quintum.com web site as follows:

1. Start up HP Openview. (For specific information, see the user documentation you received with
the software.) There are two ways to download the applicable files: from the www.quintum.com
web site or from the CD delivered with the system. To download from the web, go to step 2. Oth-
erwise, for CD installation, go to step 5.

2. From the web site, access a web browser (i.e., Microsoft Internet Explorer, Netscape) and go to
the web site www.quintum.com and access Customer Service/ Training. If you are not regis-
tered, a registration form will be displayed. Once registered, you will be able to download the
appropriate file. See Step 3.

3. Download the SNMP-HPOV-Plugin.zip file to your PC.

4. Unzip the SNMP-HPOV-Plugin.zip file to the HP Openview root directory (this is the directory
in which HP Openview was installed).

The following files will be listed:

installquintum.bat quintum.reg quintum.exe

quintum.conf quintum.fields quintum_type

connector_qdvoip connector_qavoip uninstallquintum.bat

quintum_sym Tenor_chassis.ico Tenor_A.ico

Tenor_D.ico

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 Chapter 6: Advanced Topic: SNMP/IVR

5. From the Quintum CD ROM, click on TenorTools. Download the SNMP Agent Software to
the HP Openview root directory (this is the directory in which HP Openview was installed).

6. From the HP Openview root directory run installquintum.bat. Installation will begin. The follow-
ing section lists where the installation files are copied and which files were modified. You can
use this information to make changes manually to files, if desired.

NOTE: If you have already run the installquintum.bat, you must first run the installlquintum.bat
clean command prior to reinstalling. This command will restore any changes made to the
quintum files back to the default parameters (see below for which files are modified upon
installation).

• These lines are added to the file HPOVRoot\conf\oid_to_sym:

1.3.6.1.4.1.6618.1.1.1:Connector:QDVOIP # QUINTUM Digital Tenor

1.3.6.1.4.1.6618.1.1.2:Connector:QAVOIP # QUINTUM Analog Tenor
1.3.6.1.4.1.6618.1.1.10:Connection:QCVOIP # QUINTUM Chassis Tenor

• These lines are added to the file HPOVRoot\conf\oid_to_type:

1.3.6.1.4.1.6618.1.1.1:Quintum:Epilogue:H # Quintum-Digital Tenor

1.3.6.1.4.1.6618.1.1.2:Quintum:Epilogue:H # Quintum-Analog Tenor
1.3.6.1.4.1.6618.1.1.10:Connection:Epilogue:H #QUINTUM Chassis Tenor

• These lines are added to the file HPOVRoot\conf\C\trapd.conf using the "xnmevents -load"
HPOV command:

OID_ALIAS Quintum .1.3.6.1.4.1.6618

#
#
#
EVENT Critical_Alarm .1.3.6.1.4.1.6618.2.0.1 "Status Events" Critical
FORMAT Received trap:generic #$G specific #$S. $#args:$*
SDESC
T1IU_in_loopback;_network_request
EDESC
#
#
#
EVENT Major_Alarm .1.3.6.1.4.1.6618.2.0.2 "Status Events" Major
FORMAT Received trap:generic #$G specific #$S. $#args:$*
SDESC
Corruption_of_configuration_info.
EDESC
#
#
#
EVENT Minor_Alarm .1.3.6.1.4.1.6618.2.0.3 "Status Events" Minor
FORMAT Received trap:generic #$G specific #$S. $#args:$*
SDESC
RIU_not_installe
EDESC

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Chapter 6: Advanced Topic: SNMP/IVR

#
#
#
EVENT Report_Status_Alarm .1.3.6.1.4.1.6618.2.0.4 "Status Events" Normal
FORMAT Received trap:generic #$G specific #$S. $#args:$*
SDESC
Uswcomment
EDESC
#
#
#
EVENT Uswcomment .1.3.6.1.4.1.6618.2.0.0 "Status Events" Normal
FORMAT Received trap:generic #$G specific #$S. $#args:$*
SDESC
Uswcomment
EDESC

• The quintum.exe file is added to the HPOVRoot\bin directory.

• These files are added to the HPOVRoot\bitmaps\C directory:

Tenor_chassis.ico
Tenor_A.ico
Tenor_D.ico

• The quintum.fields file is added to the HPOVRoot\fields\C directory, and is installed and veri-
fied using the "OVW -fields" command.

• The quintum.reg file is added to the HPOVRoot\registration\C directory.

• These files are added to the D:\hpovnnm\symbols\C\Connector directory:

CONNECTOR_QDVOIP
CONNECTOR_QAVOIP
CONNECTOR_QCVOIP

7. HP Openview will then identify and “auto-discover” the Tenor unit as an SNMP agent. An icon
will appear on the screen to represent each Tenor AS unit. See below.

Figure 6-1 Tenor SNMP Agent Icon

Configure Network Manager IP address

Through Tenor AS’s Command Line interface (CLI), you can configure the IP address for the net-
work management site where HP Openview is running. Once the IP address is configured, the Tenor
AS will be able to process and generate traps for existing alarms, which will enable HP Openview to
monitor the Tenor AS unit for alarm states.

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Chapter 6: Advanced Topic: SNMP/IVR

To set the IP address, use the following CLI command:

con-MasterChassis> snmptrapip1 <ip>. This command configures the IP address of the network
management site in the Tenor AS unit from which the SNMP traps will be generated. Valid entry:
The index number of 1-3 (the index number is used to designate the index # for the network man-
ager to be used) followed by the IP address for the network management site. You can assign a
Tenor AS unit up to three network managers; each manager will have a different index number.

Assign an IP address as follows:

NOTE: The following instructions assume your PC is running Windows 95 or later.

1. Click on Start> Run. The Run window will appear.

2. Type telnet in the Open box and click on Ok. The Telnet GUI will launch.

3. Click Connect> Remote System.

4. In the Host Name window, enter the IP address of the unit from which you would like to view
alarms.

5. In the port window, choose telnet (port 23 is the default port for a telnet session).

6. From the TermType drop down list, select vt100.

7. Click Connect. A telnet session will be displayed. (To exit a telnet session at any time, type exit
at the prompt.)

8. Enter the same password you set via CLI.

9. At the config - MasterChassis prompt, type set snmptrapip1 <ip>. For example, type set
snmptrapip1 208.226.140.12. This will assign index of 1 to indicate the first network manager
being assigned to that Tenor AS unit and assign the IP address 208.226.140.12 as the network
manager. To assign the second snmptrap ip, type set snmptrapip2 <ip> and the third type set
snmptrapip3 <ip>.

10.Repeat step 9 for each network manager (up to 3).

11. Type submit. The new IP address(es) will be submitted to the applicable Tenor AS units.

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Chapter 6: Advanced Topic: SNMP/IVR

Working with SNMP

View traps

You can view the traps HP Openview received from the Tenor AS unit as follows:

NOTE: Ensure HP Openview is running.

1. From the HP Openview map where the Tenor AS units appear, right-click on the Tenor AS icon
for which you want to view traps and select Alarms.

2. From the Alarm Categories window, click on All Alarms. All traps (alarm messages) will be
listed in the order in which they occurred.

View Alarm Status via Tenor AS icon

Through the color of a Tenor AS icon on the HP Openview desktop, you can determine the alarm
state of the unit as well as view the corresponding alarms. Valid icon colors are listed below.

• Green Icon. No Alarm indicated.

• Red Icon. Critical Alarm (used for when HP Openview cannot communicate with the Tenor AS
or there is a severity level 1 alarm).
• Orange Icon. Major Alarm (used for severity level 2 alarms).
• Yellow Icon. Minor Alarm (used for severity level 3 alarms).
• White Icon. Info Alarm (used for severity level 4 alarms).

View the alarms associated with a Tenor AS unit as follows:

NOTE: Ensure HP Openview is running.

1. From the HP Openview desktop, identify the icon for the Tenor AS unit from which you would
like to view alarms.

2. According to the color of that icon, determine the alarm state from the list above.

3. To view the alarms associated with that icon, right-click from anywhere on the HP Openview
desktop and select Alarms. The All Alarms Browser window will appear, which contains the list
of alarms.

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Launching Command Line Interface (CLI) from HP Openview

Launch Command Line Interface with pop-up menu as follows:

1. From the HP Openview desktop, right-click on the desired Tenor AS unit icon and select Quin-
tum Analog.

2. The CLI will launch with the IP address of the unit associated with that icon (the correct IP
address will appear in the URL).

3. Configure the unit.

OR

Launch CLI by double-clicking the icon as follows:

1. From the HP Openview desktop, double-click on the desired Tenor AS unit icon and select Quin-
tum Analog.

2. The CLI will launch with the IP address of the unit associated with that icon (the correct IP
address will appear in the URL).

3. Configure the unit. See the Tenor Configuration Manager/Tenor Monitor User’s Guide for more
information.

Set up Tenor AS status polling

The following explains how to configure HPOV to determine and display unit status if the Tenor AS
is not configured to send traps. Polling is only intended for Tenor AS units which are not accessible
to configure the network manager IP address using the Tenor AS’s Command Line Interface (CLI).
We do not recommend polling more than 10 Tenor AS units.

1. From the HP Openview desktop, right-click on the desired Tenor AS unit icon and select Object
Properties.

2. From the Attributes window, select Quintum Tenor AS attributes.

3. Click on Edit Attributes.

4. Select Turn on Tenor Status Polling (the toggle allows you to set to True or False). Select True.

5. Click on Verify. After the verification is complete, click Ok.

Polling occurs in 30 second intervals, or whenever a Tenor AS trap is received.

Set up Debug Message Display window

The following explains how to display debug messages that are generated by the quintum.exe. This
window is used to troubleshoot HPOV processing events for the Tenor AS icons.

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Chapter 6: Advanced Topic: SNMP/IVR

1. From the HP Openview desktop, right-click on the desired Tenor AS unit icon and select Object
Properties.

2. From the Attributes window, select Quintum Tenor AS.

3. Click on Edit Attributes.

4. Select Turn on Debug Window (the toggle allows you to set to True or False). Select True.

5. Click on Verify. After the verification is complete, click Ok.

The Debug Message Display window displays debug messages being processed that are associated
with that icon. Only one window can be opened at a time.

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Chapter 6: Advanced Topic: SNMP/IVR

IVR

Interactive Voice Response (IVR) is a feature of the Tenor AS that enables you to offer services, such
as Pre-paid calling cards and Post-paid accounts to your customers. The Tenor AS uses the RADIUS
(Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service), for authenticating and authorizing user access to the
VoIP network. The RADIUS is a standard protocol which provides a series of standardized mes-
sages formats for transmitting and receiving dialed information, account data and authorization
codes between the network access gateway and the billing server. As a result, the RADIUS enables
the Tenor AS to interoperate directly with billing server application software from a wide range of
vendors. To provide redundancy, the Tenor AS supports two RADIUS servers: Primary and Second-
ary.

The IVR interface enables the Tenor AS to play back interactive pre-recorded voice messages to a
customer calling in from the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), requesting information
such as account number, PIN number, and calling number. The caller is prompted for each piece of
information and the digits are captured by the Tenor AS and converted into RADIUS format. The
RADIUS will use the input data to identify the customer, verify the identity using the PIN code,
check the account status, and then send back messages in RADIUS format to authorize the Tenor AS
to proceed with the call. The call will then be routed over the VoIP network to the appropriate
remote Tenor AS.

You are able to pre-record and customize voice prompt files which lead the customer through the
calling card procedure. You can pre-record messages to meet your network and customer needs.
Seven languages are supported for voice prompts: English, French, Mandarin, Spanish, German,
Arabic, or Persian. The multiple language feature enables you to select multiple languages in which
to play voice recordings. For example, the welcome message will be played in Persian, and the fol-
lowing message will ask the user if they would like to hear the rest of the messages in English,
French, Mandarin, Spanish, German, Arabic, or Persian.

Through the Command Line Interface (CLI), you can configure all functions within the Tenor AS
that will be used for pre-paid/post-paid call services, including IVR and RADIUS data.

IVR Call Types

There are two call services Tenor AS supports through IVR: Pre-paid Calling Card and Post-paid
Account.

• Pre-paid Calling Card. A card with a set dollar amount to be used for placing voice calls. The
normal call flow for a pre-paid service starts with the caller dialing the pre-paid access number
from a regular phone. The Tenor AS prompts the caller for a card number and destination num-
ber which are sent to the RADIUS server (third party software) for verification.
• Post-paid Account. An account used for placing voice calls where the account number and
PIN (personal identification number) are used for security. The Tenor AS prompts the caller to
enter an account number and a PIN (personal identification number), which are sent to the
RADIUS server for verification. Normally, there is no limit on the amount or duration the caller
is authorized to talk.

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Chapter 6: Advanced Topic: SNMP/IVR

ANI Authentication

There are two types of ANI Authentication supported in the Tenor AS: Type 1 and Type 2.

ANI Authentication Type 1 enables calling subscribers to receive authentication based on the calling
number. If an incoming call has no associated ANI information, the call will not be answered, but
simply disconnected. If ANI is present, it will be authenticated with the Radius server (before
answering the call). If authentication fails, the call will not be answered but simply disconnected. If
authentication succeeds, the call will be answered and second dial tone will be provided.

ANI Authentication Type 2 enables calling subscribers to receive three authentication types based
on the calling number: (1) If there is an ANI in the setup message, authentication with the ANI will
be done (2) If there is no ANI information in the setup message, the user will be prompted for a PIN
number and (3) If the incoming packet has the ANI, but authentication with the ANI fails, the user
will be prompted for a PIN number. If authentication succeeds, a 2nd dial tone is sent to receive a
DNIS. If there is ANI information in incoming packet but the authentication with the ANI fails, the
caller is prompted for a PIN number. If the authentication succeeds, a 2nd dial tone is sent to receive
a DNIS.

Multi-session

Multi-session enables the user to make another call at the end of a call, without having to hang up
and call again. At the end of the first call, a voice prompt will ask if the user wants another call. In
addition, the user will be able to terminate an ongoing call and make another call, by pressing ** or
##.

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 Chapter 6: Advanced Topic: SNMP/IVR

Typical IVR Network Connection/Process

See Figure 6-2 for a typical network configuration for IP based pre-paid calling card/post-paid
account services. This figure illustrates the originating Tenor AS is configured to provide pre-paid/
post-paid services. All the subscribers will have to dial into this Tenor AS via PSTN to get access to
pre-paid/post-paid services.

Each process is denoted by a number (in bold); each number and the corresponding process is
explained in Table 6-1.

Figure 6-2 Typical Network Connection/Call Flow Process

1, 4, 5, 8, 9, 12 2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 15, 16

PSTN Prepaid Enable

Telephone Tenor AS
Prepaid 13
RADIUS Server
Enable
Primary & Secondary
RADIUS Server
Tenor
Primary & Secondary

IP Network
RADIUS
Server - Secondary

IVR Prompt Server

Primary & Secondary
13
14

PSTN

Telephone
Destination Tenor AS
Destination
Tenor

Table 6-1 Call Flow Process for Figure 9-1

Number Process

1 User dials access number to initiate call (e.g., 1-800-xxx-xxxxx).

Tenor AS answers call and determines user is calling a pre-paid ser-

vice based on the number dialed or the trunk group to which the call
2
is transferred. Tenor AS sends Start Accounting to RADIUS server.
Start Accounting is optional.

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 Chapter 6: Advanced Topic: SNMP/IVR

RADIUS server acknowledges start accounting request. Start

3
Accounting is optional.

4 Tenor AS prompts the subscriber for the card number.

5 Caller enters the card number.

Tenor AS sends the card number to the RADIUS server for verifica-
6
tion.

7 RADIUS server returns the credit balance for the account.

Tenor AS plays the credit amount and prompts the subscriber for the
8
destination number.

9 Caller enters the destination number.

Tenor AS sends the destination number to the Radius server for

10
authorization.
RADIUS server responds with the duration for which the caller is
11
authorized to speak to the destination number.

12 Tenor AS plays the authorized duration.

13 The call is sent via IP network to the destination Tenor AS.

The destination Tenor AS sends the call via PSTN to the destination
14
phone and the call is established.
If either side disconnects, Tenor AS sends stop accounting request to
15
the RADIUS server.

16 RADIUS server acknowledges the stop accounting request.

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 Chapter 6: Advanced Topic: SNMP/IVR

Configure IVR - Quick Start

For a Tenor AS to be used as part of the complete IVR system, and communicate effectively with the
RADIUS, you must configure basic options in the Tenor AS via Command Line Interface (CLI) for
the following:

• Basic IVR Data

• RADIUS

Instructions for configuring basic IVR information via Command Line Interface (CLI) are described
below. For detailed information about all CLI commands available for IVR and detailed information
about the command described below, see the Command Line Interface guide you received with the
unit.

Basic IVR Data (via Trunk Group)

Configure basic IVR information as follows:

1. Access CLI.

2. Access the config-trunkcircuitroutinggroup-1# prompt.

3. Type set ivrtype 2 (sets the IVR type to pre-paid calling services).

4. Type set ivraccessnumber, followed by the telephone number used to access the IVR system (up
to 14 digits).

5. Type ivrcardlength 10 (10 is an example, the length of the calling card is numeric up to 20 dig-
its).

6. Access the applicable config- trunkcircuitroutingroup - 1# prompt.

7. Set the ivrlanguage field to the applicable language: 1 (English), 2 (Persian), 3 (Mandarin), or 4
(French), 5 (Spanish), 6 (German), or 7 (Arabic).

RADIUS Server

Configure RADIUS data via config radius# prompt as follows:

1. Access CLI.

2. Access the config-radius-1# prompt.

3. Type set psipa, followed by the IP address for the primary RADIUS server (i.e., set psipa
208.22.234.34). The “p” indicates the primary RADIUS server.

4. Type set ssipa followed by the IP address for the secondary RADIUS server (i.e., set ssipa
208.22.234.32). The “s” indicates the secondary RADIUS server.

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 Chapter 6: Advanced Topic: SNMP/IVR

5. Type sharedsecret (sharedsecret is similar to password), followed by the RADIUS key (up to 63
characters) (i.e., sharedsecret 454AJU).

6. Ensure accountingtype is configured. If this field is set to 0, no “stop accounting” messages will
be sent.

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Configure IVR Voice Prompts

A voice prompt is a pre-recorded message played for a caller at specific times during a call; the
actual voice messages used in the prompting process is stored in the system controller card in the
form of audio files that can be recorded by a recording studio. The audio files can then be played
back over the PSTN connection to the caller in messages such as “ Enter Account Number”, “Enter
PIN number”, “Enter Card Number”, etc.

When a Tenor AS system is re-started, it has all voice prompts stored in the Tenor AS’s cache mem-
ory for replay.

Voice Prompt Requirements (English Requirements)

NOTE: To ensure good speech quality, the voice prompts should be professionally recorded in a
studio.

Table 6-2 specifies requirements for each voice file recorded. Definitions for each column entry are
listed below.

• Filename. Actual filename under which the appropriate pre-recorded speech is to be stored on
the system controller card. The voice files should be in CCITT G711 µ-Law format and stored
with .wav extension (no application-specific headers, like in the files generated by the
Microsoft Recorder, are allowed).
• Suggested Content. This field contains a particular piece of speech which represents the voice
file, played back along with other file(s) during the actual IVR call. For these particular cases,
the voice files should be carefully recorded, using appropriate intonation patterns.
• Example with other Voice Files. This field uses the specified voice file with other possible
voice files. For example, the file [enter] + [account_number] has the following contents: Please
enter your account number. The “+” indicates “in addition to” the filename.
• Usage Example. This field represents the actual pre-recorded speech being used in a specific
speech pattern.

Table 6-2 File Conventions for Recorded Files

Example with other Voice
Filename Suggested Content Usage Example
Files

account_expired “Your card has [account_expired] + Your card has expired.

expired.” + [good_bye] Goodbye.

account_number “account number” [enter] + [account_number] Enter account number

+ [pound_key] followed by the pound
key.
and “and” - -

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 Chapter 6: Advanced Topic: SNMP/IVR

blocked “The number you have [blocked] + [hang_up] The number you have
dialed is blocked.” dialed is blocked.
Please hang up and call
again later.
card_number “card number” [enter] + [card_number] Please enter your card
+ [pound_key] number followed by the
pound key.
cent “cent” - -

cents “cents” - -

credit_limit “Your credit limit is [credit_limit] + [good_bye] Your credit limit is

exceeded.” exceeded. Good bye.
destination “destination number” [enter] + [destination] + Please enter your desti-
[pound_key] nation number fol-
lowed by the pound
key.
dollar “dollar” - -
dollars “dollars” - -
eight “eight” - -
eighteen “eighteen” - -
eighty “eighty” - -
eleven “eleven” - -
enter “Please enter your” [enter] + [card_number OR Please enter your card
account_number OR pin OR des- number.
tination] Please enter account
number.
Please enter pin.
Please enter destina-
tion number.
fifteen “fifteen” - -
fifty “fifty” - -
five “five” - -
forty “forty” - -
four “four” - -
fourteen “fourteen” - -
good_bye “Good bye.” - -

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 Chapter 6: Advanced Topic: SNMP/IVR

hang_up “Please hang up and - -

call again later.”
hundred “hundred” - -
in_use “This account is cur- [in_use] + [hang_up] This account is cur-
rently in use.” rently in use. Please
hangup and call again
later.
invalid “You have entered an - -
invalid number.”
language “for English press” [lang] + [one] For English press one.
minute “minute” - -
minutes “minutes” - -
next call_ pound “To make another call - -
press the star key
twice”
next call_star “To make another call - -
press the pound key
twice”
nine “nine” - -
nineteen “nineteen” - -
ninety “ninety” - -
no_funds “You have insufficient [no_funds] + [good_bye] You have insufficient
funds in your funds in your account.
account.” Good bye.
one “one” - -
pin “pin” [enter] + [pin] + [pound_key] Please enter your pin
followed by the pound
key.

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pound_key “followed by the pound [enter] + [account_number OR Please enter your

key.” card_number OR pin OR desti- account number fol-
nation] + [pound_key]. lowed by the pound
key.
Please enter your card
number followed by the
pound key.
Please enter your pin
followed by the pound
key.
Please enter your desti-
nation number fol-
lowed by the pound
key.
problems “We are currently [problems] + [hang_up] We are currently expe-
experiencing technical riencing technical diffi-
difficulties.” culties. Please hang up
and call again later.
remaining “remaining.” [ <money> OR <time>] + Eighteen minutes
[remaining] remaining.
Twenty cents remain-
ing.
rial “rial” - -
second “second” - -
seconds “seconds” - -
seven “seven” - -
seventeen “seventeen” - -
seventy “seventy” - -
six “six” - -
sixteen “sixteen” - -
sixty “sixty” - -
ten “ten” - -
thirteen “thirteen” - -
thirty “thirty” - -
thousand “thousand” - -
three “three” - -
twelve “twelve” - -
twenty “twenty” - -

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 Chapter 6: Advanced Topic: SNMP/IVR

two “two” - -
wait “Thank you. Please - -
hold.”
welcome “Welcome!” - -
yen “yen” - -
you_have “You have” [you_have] + [<any number>] + You have six cents
[remaining] remaining.
yuan “yuan” - -
zero “zero” - -
zero_balance “You have zero bal- [zero_balance] + [good_bye] You have zero balance
ance in your account.” in your account. Good-
bye.

Create Voice Prompt Files

Configure the directory which houses the voice prompts as follows:

1. Access the root directory (i.e., hd/ivr).

2. Create a subdirectory for each supported language and use the following specific naming con-
ventions:

• For English, use the hd/ivr/English

• For Persian, use the filename hd/ivr/Persian
• For Mandarin, use the filename hd/ivr/Mandarin
• For French, use the filename hd/vr/French
• For Spanish, use the filename hd/ivr/Spanish
• For German, use the filename hd/ivr/German
• For Arabic, use the filename hd/ivr/Arabic
3. Record all voice prompts and store under the appropriate directory (i.e., hd/ivr/English subdirec-
tory).

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 Chapter 6: Advanced Topic: SNMP/IVR

IVR Call Flow - Specifications

Pre-paid Calling Card - Call Flow (with default language)

Figure 6-3 is a diagram of the call flow for pre-paid calling card service, which details the messages
transmitted between the following components:

Calling Party. The originating caller using a pre-paid calling card.

Prepaid Enabled Tenor. The Tenor AS performing the IVR functions.

RADIUS Server. Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service for authenticating and authorizing
user access to the VoIP network. The RADIUS provides a series of standardized messages formats
for transmitting and receiving dialed information, account data and authorization codes between the
network access gateway and the billing server.

Called Party. The destination called party.

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 Chapter 6: Advanced Topic: SNMP/IVR

Figure 6-3 Pre-paid Calling Card - Call Flow (default language)

CALLING PREPAID RADIUS CALLED

PARTY ENABLED SERVER PARTY
TENOR

SETUP START ACCOUNTING

CONNECT
START ACCOUNTING ACK

“Welcome ”

“Please Enter Your Card Number”

GET CARD NUMBER AUTHENTICATION (CARD NUMBER)

“You have X dollars and Y cents remaining” AUTHENTICATION RESP (MONEY)

“Please Enter The Phone Number to call”

GET DNIS AUTHORIZATION ( DNIS )

“You have x minutes ” AUTHORIZATION RESP (TIME)

SETUP
CONNECT

DISCONNECT

STOP ACCOUNTING IP LEG

STOP ACCOUNTING IP LEG ACK

STOP ACCOUNTING TELEPHONY LEG

STOP ACCOUNTING TEL LEG ACK

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 Chapter 6: Advanced Topic: SNMP/IVR

Post-paid Calling Card - Call Flow (with default language)

Figure 6-4 is a diagram of the call flow for post-paid service, which details the messages transmitted
between the following components:

Calling Party. The originating caller using a post-paid calling party.

Prepaid Enabled Tenor AS. The Tenor AS performing the IVR functions.

RADIUS Server. Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service for authenticating and authorizing
user access to the VoIP network. The RADIUS provides a series of standardized message formats
for transmitting and receiving dialed information, account data and authorization codes between the
network access gateway and the billing server.

Called Party. The destination called party.

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 Chapter 6: Advanced Topic: SNMP/IVR

Figure 6-4 Post-paid Account - Call Flow (default language)

POSTPAID
CALLING ENABLED RADIUS CALLED
PARTY TENOR SERVER PARTY

VPH

SETUP START ACCOUNTING

START ACCOUNTING ACK

“Welcome”

“Please Enter Your Account Number”

GET ACCOUNT NUMBER

“Please Enter Your Pin Number”

GET PIN NUMBER

AUTHENTICATE (ACCT, PIN)

AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE
“Please Enter The Phone Number to call”

GET DNIS

AUTHORIZATION ( DNIS )

AUTHORIZATION RESPONSE

SETUP

CONNECT

DISCONNECT

STOP ACCOUNTING

STOP ACCOUNTING ACK

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 Chapter 6: Advanced Topic: SNMP/IVR

Pre-paid and Post-paid Calling Card - Call Flow (with multiple language support)

Figure 6-5 is a diagram of the call flow for pre-paid calling card service, which details the messages
transmitted between the following components:

Calling Party. The originating caller using a pre-paid calling card.

Tenor. The Tenor AS performing the IVR functions.

RADIUS Server. Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service for authenticating and authorizing
user access to the VoIP network. The RADIUS provides a series of standardized messages formats
for transmitting and receiving dialed information, account data and authorization codes between the
network access gateway and the billing server.

Called Party. The destination called party.

Figure 6-5 Pre-paid and Post-paid Calling Card - Call Flow (multiple language support)

CALLING RADIUS CALLED

PARTY TENOR SERVER PARTY

SETUP [START ACCOUNTING]

CONNECT
[START ACCOUNTING ACK]

“Welcome ”

“press10for
“press forEnglish”
English”(played
(played in
in English)
English)
“press21for
“press forPersian”
Persian”(played
(played in
in Persian)
“press32for
“press forMandarin”
Mandarin (played
(played in Mandarin)
Mandarin)
“press43for
“press forFrench”
French” (played
(played in
in French)
French)
“press 4 for Spanish” (played in Spanish)
“press 5 for German” (played in German)
“press 6 for Arabic (played in Arabic)

Same procedure
Same procedure as Figure
as Figure 1-4 and6-3 and1-5
Figure Figure 6-4.

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 Chapter 6: Advanced Topic: SNMP/IVR

Pre-paid and Post-paid Calling Card - Call Flow (with Multi-Session Call support)

For a multi-session call, the calling party can interrupt the call by pressing a multi-session key at
anytime and making a new call. When the called party disconnects the call first, the Tenor AS asks if
the caller wants another call; the user can then press the designated key. Figure 6-6 is a diagram of
the call flow for pre-paid and post-paid call card service (with multi-session support), which details
the messages transmitted between the following components:

Calling Party. The originating caller using a pre-paid calling card.

Tenor. The Tenor AS performing the IVR functions.

RADIUS Server. Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service for authenticating and authorizing
user access to the VoIP network. The RADIUS provides a series of standardized messages formats
for transmitting and receiving dialed information, account data and authorization codes between the
network access gateway and the billing server.

Called Party 1. The first destination called party.

Called Party 2. The second destination called party.

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 Chapter 6: Advanced Topic: SNMP/IVR

Figure 6-6 Pre-paid and Post-paid Calling Card - Call Flow (multi-session support)

CALLING RADIUS CALLED CALLED

PARTY TENOR SERVER PARTY2
PARTY1

SETUP

CONNECT
Case1> ## or ** on speech
DISCONNECT
“Please Enter Destination Number”
STOPACCOUNTING (Leg 1)

GET Destination Number

AUTHORIZATION (DNIS)

AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE

CONNECT

Case 2> DISCONNECT

STOPACCOUNTING (Leg 1)
If you want another call,
press ** or ##

## or **

“Please Enter Destination Number”

GET Destination Number

AUTHORIZATION (DNIS)

AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE

CONNECT

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 Chapter 6: Advanced Topic: SNMP/IVR

ANI Authentication Application Type 1 - Call Flow

ANI Authentication Application Type 1 enables calling subscribers to receive authentication based
on the calling number. If you configure the ivrtype to 4 (ANI Type 1), when an incoming call comes
in, the call will be authenticated with ANI by a RADIUS server.

Figure 6-7 is a diagram of the call flow for ANI Authentication Application Type 1, which details
the messages transmitted between the following components:

Calling Party. The originating caller using a pre-paid calling card.

ANI AUTH Enabled Tenor AS. The Tenor AS which enables the ANI authentication functions.

RADIUS Server. Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service for authenticating with ANI the call-
ing number.

Called Party. The destination called party.

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 Chapter 6: Advanced Topic: SNMP/IVR

Figure 6-7 ANI Authentication Application Type 1 - Call Flow

CALLING ANI AUTH RADIUS CALLED

PARTY ENABLED SERVER PARTY
TENOR

SETUP

No: Fast Busy Yes : AUTHENTICATION (ANI)

ANI

AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE

No: Fast Busy Auth fail

of ANI

CONNECT

Second Dial Tone

GET DNIS

AUTHORIZATION ( DNIS )

AUTHORIZATION RESPONSE

SETUP

CONNECT

DISCONNECT

STOP ACCOUNTING IP LEG

STOP ACCOUNTING IP LEG ACK

STOP ACCOUNTING TELEPHONY LEG

STOP ACCOUNTING TEL LEG ACK

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 Chapter 6: Advanced Topic: SNMP/IVR

ANI Authentication Application Type 2 - Call Flow

ANI Authentication Application Type 2 enables calling subscribers to receive three authentication
types based on the calling number: (1) Authentication with ANI, (2) No ANI case (if no ANI in
coming packet, Tenor AS asks PIN number by prompt) and (3) Incoming packet has the ANI, but
authentication with the ANI fails and Tenor AS prompts for the PIN number.

Figure 6-8 is a diagram of the call flow for ANI Authentication Application Type 2, which details
the messages transmitted between the following components:

Calling Party. The originating caller using a pre-paid calling card.

ANI AUTH Enabled Tenor AS. The Tenor AS which enables the ANI authentication functions.

RADIUS Server. Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service for authenticating with ANI the call-
ing number.

Called Party. The destination called party.

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 Chapter 6: Advanced Topic: SNMP/IVR

Figure 6-8 ANI Authentication Application Type 2 - Call Flow

CALLING ANI AUTH RADIUS CALLED

PARTY ENABLED SERVER PARTY
TENOR

SETUP
Yes : AUTHENTICATION (ANI) 1
No: Pin prompt Tone ANI

GET PIN

AUTHENTICATION (PIN) 2

AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE

ANI auth fail : Pin prompt Tone Auth fail

of ANI
GET PIN
AUTHENTICATION (PIN) 3

AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE

CONNECT

Second Dial Tone

GET DNIS

AUTHORIZATION ( DNIS )

AUTHORIZATION RESPONSE

SETUP

CONNECT

DISCONNECT

STOP ACCOUNTING IP LEG

STOP ACCOUNTING IP LEG ACK

STOP ACCOUNTING TELEPHONY LEG

STOP ACCOUNTING TEL LEG ACK

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 Chapter 6: Advanced Topic: SNMP/IVR

Call Flow - Message Attributes

The sections which follow indicate the message attributes for specific message packets; the Quintum
vendor ID is 6618.

Start Accounting Request Message Attributes

Table 6-3 lists the message attributes in the Start Accounting Request message packet sent between
the Tenor AS and the RADIUS server. Start Accounting is optional.

Table 6-3 Start Accounting Request Message Attributes

Vendor
IETF
Specific Value
Attribute Attribute Name Description Sample
Attribute Format
Number
Number

4 NAS-IP-Address IP Address of the requesting Numeric 3506546880

Tenor AS

26 Cisco-NAS-Port 2 Tenor AS's physical port on String Fxs1/0/1

which the call is active

61 NAS-Port-Type Tenor AS's physical port type String 0: Asynchronous

1 User-Name Account number, calling party String 7325551212

number, or blank

30 Called-Station-Id The IVR access number, nor- String 8004609000

mally an 800 number

31 Calling-Station-Id Calling Party Number (ANI) String 7329701330

40 Acct-Status-Type Account Request Type (start or Numeric 1: start, 2: stop

stop)

6 Service-Type Type of service requested Numeric 1: login

26 h323-gw-id 33 Name of the Tenor AS String Quintum Tenor AS

26 h323-conf-id 24 16 octets h323 GUID 16 octets

26 h323-incoming-conf- 1 A number to match multiple 16 octets

id calls in a session

26 h323-call-origin 26 The call relation to the Tenor String Answer, Originate etc
AS

26 h323-call-type 27 Protocol type or family used on String Telephony or VOIP

this leg of the call

26 h323-setup-time 25 Setup time in NTP format String

(hours, minutes, seconds,
microseconds, time_zone, day,
month, day_of_month, year)

44 Acct-Session-Id A unique accounting identifier String 13432

- match start & stop

41 Acct-Delay-Time Number of seconds tried in Numeric 5

sending a particular record

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 Chapter 6: Advanced Topic: SNMP/IVR

Stop Accounting Request Message Attributes

Table 6-4 lists the message attributes in the Stop Accounting Request message packet sent between
the Tenor AS and the RADIUS server.

Table 6-4 Stop Accounting Request Message Attributes

Vendor
IETF
Specific Value
ATTRIBUTE Attribute Name Description Sample
Attribute Format
NUMBER
Number

IP Address of the requesting

4 NAS-IP-Address Numeric 3506546880
Tenor AS

Tenor AS's physical port type

61 NAS-Port-Type Numeric 0: Asynchronous
on which the call is active

Account number or calling

1 User-Name String 7325551212
party number

30 Called-Station-Id Destination phone number String 7324609000

31 Calling-Station-Id Calling Party Number (ANI) String 7329701330

Account Request Type (start

40 Acct-Status-Type Numeric 1: start 2: stop
or stop)

6 Service-Type Type of service requested Numeric 1: login

Tenor AS's physical port on

26 Cisco-NAS-Port 2 String Fxs1/0/1
which the call is active

26 h323-gw-id 33 Name of the Tenor AS String Quintum Tenor AS

26 h323-conf-id 24 16 octets h323 GUID 16 octets

h323-incoming- A number to match multiple

26 1 16 octets
conf-id calls in a session

The call relation to the Tenor

26 h323-call-origin 26 String Answer, Originate
AS

Protocol type used on this leg

26 h323-call-type 27 String Telephony or VOIP
of the call

26 h323-setup-time 25 Setup time in NTP format String

26 h323-connect-time 28 Connect time in NTP format String

h323-disconnect- Disconnect time in NTP

26 29 String
time format

h323-disconnect-
26 30 Q.931 disconnect cause code Numeric
cause

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 Chapter 6: Advanced Topic: SNMP/IVR

h323-voice-
26 31 ICPIF of the voice quality Numeric
quality

h323-remote- IP address of the remote

26 23 Numeric
address gateway

A unique accounting
44 Acct-Session-Id String
identifier-match start & stop

Number of octets received for

42 Acct-Input-Octets Numeric
that call duration

Acct-Output- Number of octets sent for that

43 Numeric
Octets call duration

Acct-Input- Number of packets received

47 Numeric
Packets during the call

Acct-Output- Number of packets sent

48 Numeric
Packets during the call

The number of seconds for

Acct-Session-
46 which the user receives Numeric
Time
service

No of seconds tried in
41 Acct-Delay-Time Numeric 5
sending a particular record

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 Chapter 6: Advanced Topic: SNMP/IVR

Authentication Request Message Attributes

Table 6-5 lists the message attributes in the Authentication Request message package sent between
the Tenor AS and the RADIUS server.

Table 6-5 Authentication Request Message Attributes

Vendor
IETF
Specific Value
ATTRIBUTE Attribute Name Description Sample
Attribute Format
NUMBER
Number

IP Address of the
4 NAS-IP-Address Numeric 3506546880
requesting Tenor AS

Tenor AS's physical port

61 NAS-Port-Type type on which the call is Numeric 0: Asynchronous
active

Account number, calling

1 User-Name String 7325551212
party number, or blank

26 h323-conf-id 24 16 octets h323 GUIDE 16 octets

Calling Party Number

31 Calling-Station-Id String 7329701330
(ANI)

IVR Access Number,

26 h323-ivr-out 1 String ACCESS:8005551234
normally an 800 number

2 User-Password 16 octets user password String

Authentication Response Message Attributes

Table 6-6 lists the message attributes in the Authentication Response message packet sent between
the Tenor AS and the RADIUS server.

Table 6-6 Authentication Response Message Attributes

IETF Vendor Specific
Attribute
ATTRIBUTE Attribute Description Value Format Sample
Name
NUMBER Number

h323-return- The reason for failing

26 103 Numeric 2 Invalid pin number
code authentication

Lang to play prompt

h323-preferred-
26 107 specified by h323- ISO 639-1 En
lang
prompt-id.

Amount of credit
h323-credit-
26 101 (currency) remaining in Numeric 13.25
amount
the account

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 Chapter 6: Advanced Topic: SNMP/IVR

h323-billing- Type of billing service

26 109 Numeric 1:debit/prepaid
model for a specific call.

h323-currency- Currency for use with

26 110 ISO 4217 USD
type h323-credit-amount

Index into an array of

31 h323-prompt-id 104 prompt files used by Numeric 27
Tenor AS

Authorization Request Message Attributes

Table 6-7 lists the message attributes in the Authorization Request message packet sent between the
Tenor AS and the RADIUS server.

Table 6-7 Authorization Request Message Attributes

IETF Vendor Specific
Attribute Value
ATTRIBUTE Attribute Description Sample
Name Format
NUMBER Number

4 NAS-IP- IP Address of the Numeric 3506546880

Address requesting Tenor AS

61 NAS-Port- Tenor AS's physical port Numeric 0: Asynchronous

Type type on which the call
is active

1 User-Name Account number or String 7325551212

calling party number or
blank

26 h323-conf-id 24 16 octets h323 GUID 16 octets

30 Called-Sta- Destination phone String 7324609000

tion-Id number

31 Calling-Sta- Calling Party Number String 7329701330

tion-Id (ANI)

26 h323-ivr-out 1 Flag for subsequent String FOLLOW_ON_FL

authorizations in a ses- AG:0
sion
2 User-Pass- 16 octets user password
word

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 Chapter 6: Advanced Topic: SNMP/IVR

Authorization Response Message Attributes

Table 6-8 lists the message attributes in the Authorization Response message packet sent between
the Tenor AS and the RADIUS server.

Table 6-8 Authorization Response Message Attributes

Vendor
IETF
Specific Value
ATTRIBUTE Attribute Name Description Sample
Attribute Format
NUMBER
Number

26 h323-return-code 103 The reason for failing 2 Invalid pin

authentication numeric
number

26 h323-credit-time 102 Number of seconds for

which the call is autho- numeric 360
rized

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GLOSSARY D
DSP. Digital Signal which provides the required
signal processing for the Tenor AS.

E
A
ESD. Electrostatic Discharge occurs as a result of
Alarm. A brief message that appears on your screen
improperly handled electrostatic components.
when the Tenor AS encounters a problem (i.e.,
An ESD Antistatic Strap must be used to prevent
failed interface). Alarms can be viewed through
ESD.
CLI (see Command Line Interface), a Telnet
connection, or Tenor Monitor.
Ethernet. A Local Area Network (LAN) data net-
work design that connects devices like comput-
Auto Switching. If a network packet delay for an IP
ers, printers, and terminals. It transmits data
call becomes unacceptable, the Tenor AS will
over twisted pair or coaxial cable at speeds of 10
automatically switch the call to PSTN.
to 100 Mbps.
B Ethernet port. A port on the Tenor AS which pro-
Border Element. Provides access into or out of an vides RJ-45 jacks for connection to a 10/100
administrative domain. The Tenor AS has two Ethernet LAN switch or hub via RJ-45 cable.
types of Border Elements: Primary and Second-
ary. Extranet. Communications with a source outside
your company.
Bypass Number. A telephone number that is auto-
matically sent to the PSTN, without going VoIP. F
C FXO port. Provides an RJ-11 jack for connection to
CDR. Call Detail Recording. A string of data which the Central Office to provide direct connection
contains call information such as call date and to the PSTN.
time, call length, calling party and called party.
CDRs can be viewed through the Tenor Moni- FXS port. Provides an RJ-11 jack for connection to
tor. a PBX, Keyphone or phone.

CDR Server. The server (or workstation) responsi- G

ble for receiving and processing CDRs as they Gatekeeper. See H.323 Gatekeeper.
are generated.
Ground Screw. Provides earth ground to the unit if
Command Line Interface (CLI). A configuration additional grounding is required.
system you use to configure and monitor the
Tenor AS unit via telnet connection.
H
H.323. A protocol standard for sending multimedia
Configuration Manager. A GUI interface which en-
communications (i.e., voice/data) simultaneous-
ables you to configure all functions in the Tenor
ly over packet-based networks, such as IP.
AS.
H.323 Gatekeeper. An H.323 built in gatekeeper
Console port. RS-232 connector on System Con-
which performs IP call routing functions such as
troller card is used for connection to a PC’s seri-
call control and administrative services to anoth-
al port via DB-9 null modem cable.
er Tenor AS unit or another H.323 endpoint.

Hop-off PBX Call. A toll call which is “leaked out”

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 of a PBX into a private network in order to elim- Authentication Dial-In User Service) is used for
inate toll charges. authenticating and authorizing user access to the
VoIP network.
I
Internet. A packet based network which transports S
voice/video/data over TCP/IP. SelectNet™. Monitors your data network for jitter,
latency, and packet loss, and transparently
Intranet communication. Communication within switches customer calls to the PSTN when re-
the same company, usually through an Ethernet quired.
hub.
SIP. Signaling protocol used to establish a session
IP Address. A unique 32 bit address that identifies on an IP network.
a network device is connected to the network via
TCP/IP. SNMP. Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMP) is the standard protocol used to ex-
IVR. Interactive Voice Response enables you offer change network information between different
services, such as Pre-paid calling cards and types of networks.
Post-paid accounts to your customers.
Subnet Mask. An IP address that determines how an
L IP address is divided into network and host por-
LAN. Local Area Network. A local area network tions according to the bits.
that carries data between workstations in the
same location. Workstations in a LAN are con- T
nected together— typically by an Ethernet TCP/IP. Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
hub— to share information. Protocol. TCP/IP is a standard communications
protocol divided into seven layers of activity.
LEDs. Indicators as to the status of the chassis and Each layer defines a different aspect of how two
other components of the system. LEDs appear devices should talk to each other (i.e., when a
on the front of the unit. network device should send/receive data). For
example, layer one is the physical means of
P communications (e.g., modem), whereas layer 3
PacketSaver. A packet multiplexing technology is the network type (e.g, Internet). For TCP/IP, it
which reduces the amount of IP bandwidth re- is a combination of two layers of communica-
quired to support multiple calls flowing between tion protocol. TCP (layer 4) does the actual
two networks. transport of data; IP (layer 3) sets the rules for
moving the data from one end of the network to
PBX. Private Branch Exchange. Telephone switch another. TCP/IP uses an IP address to identify a
located on a customer’s premises that establish- location for specific network devices.
es circuits between users and the PSTN (public
network). Tenor Monitor. A GUI interface which provides a
set of utilities to monitor the network and all sys-
PSTN. Public Switched Telephone Network (also tem components.
known as Central Office). Telephone Company
Switching facility. W
WAN. Wide Area Network. A number of LANs
R connected together through a long distance com-
RJ-11. A CAT 5 cable used to connect the Tenor AS munications medium. For example, your com-
to an FXO or FXS interface. pany may have a LAN in New York, a LAN in
Tokyo, and a LAN in Los Angeles. When these
RADIUS. When using IVR, the RADIUS (Remote sites connect together over the data network or

Glossary P/N 480-0059-00-10

 the public network, it is considered a WAN. As
a result, intra-corporate information is passed
through the data network from one LAN to an-
other LAN site in a remote location.

Zone. A group of endpoints (e.g, gateways, termi-

nals, etc.) in one corporate site.

P/N 480-0059-00-10 1-3

INDEX overview 4-2
Configuration 3-13
Connection
line interface (PBX) 3-3

A D
About this guide 1-1 Date/Time 5-9
Alarms 5-2 DB-9 2-12
active 5-7 dial plan 1-11
display 5-6
display via CLI 5-6 F
field definitions 5-2 factory defaults
green 6-7 restore 5-8
history 5-7 FCC
list of 5-4 warnings 1-8
monitor 5-2 Features 1-4
orange 6-7 advanced 1-11
red 6-7 easy connect 1-4
white 6-7 GUI and network management 1-4
yellow 6-7 IVR/RADIUS 1-6
PacketSaver 1-5
B SelectNet 1-5
Back panel system monitoring 1-4
ground screw 2-4 unique design 1-4
power switch 2-7 First Call 3-13
Bypass DN 1-11 Front panel
ports 1-8 2-2
C reset 2-2
Cables 2-8 FXO Calls 1-8
DB-9 2-12 FXS Calls 1-8, 1-10
RJ-45 2-8, 2-10, 2-11
Call 1-7 G
Call management Ground Safety Cable
public/private dial plan 1-11 install 3-7
trunk group support 1-7
Capabilities H
CDR 1-6 H.323 1-12
IVR/Radius 1-6 border element 1-12
NATAccess 1-6 call registration 1-12
routing table options 1-11 call services 1-13
SNMP 1-5 gatekeeper 1-12
CDR zone management 1-12
CDR server 4-4 Hardware
change password 4-5 console port 2-6
connect to CDR server 4-3 description 2-2
connect with server 4-5 front panel 2-2
connect with Tenor 4-5 Help 1-4
definition 4-2 finding 1-4
Establish connection 4-3 Hop Off Calls 1-12
output 4-6 Hopoff Local DN 1-11

480-0059-00-10 Index-1
Hunt LDN 1-11 R
RADIUS 1-6
I basic configuration 6-14
Installation 3-2 Reset 5-8
connect to Ethernet 3-5 RJ-45 2-8, 2-10, 2-11
connect to line/FXO 3-4
connect to PC 3-6 S
connect to phone/FXS 3-3 SelectNet 1-5
ground safety cable 3-7 SIP 1-14
guidelines 3-2 SNMP
package contents 3-2 configure 6-5
IP Network Calls 1-9 debug messages 6-8
IVR 1-6, 6-10 definition 6-2
ANI 6-11 download files 6-3
basic configuration 6-14 installation 6-3
call flow 6-16 installation requirements 6-2
call flow specifications 6-21 launch CLI from HPOV 6-8
call types 6-10 status polling 6-8
configure voice prompts 6-16 view alarm status 6-7
create voice prompts 6-16, 6-20 view traps 6-7
multi-session 6-11 working with 6-7
post-paid 6-10 Specifications
pre-paid 6-10 electrical 2-13
quick start 6-14 environmental 2-13
typical connection 6-12 LAN 2-13
voice prompts 6-16 physical 2-13
PSTN/PBX 2-13
L voice/fax 2-13
LEDs Static Routes 1-11
monitor 5-2 System
AC power up 3-8
M reset 5-8
Maintenance 5-8
change date/time 5-9 T
change password 5-9 Tenor AS
reset system 5-8 ASG 1-2
restore factory defaults 5-8 AXM 1-2
Monitor description 1-2
LEDs 5-2 What is Tenor AS? 1-2
Troubleshoot
N unit provisioning 5-8
NATAccess 1-6 verify unit provisioning 5-8
typographical conventions 1-3
P
PacketSaver 1-5 U
Passthrough Calls 1-11 UPDP 1-11
Password
change 5-9
Public/Private Dial Plan 1-11

480-0059-00-10 Index-2
Warranty/Approvals

QUINTUM TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

LIMITED WARRANTY AGREEMENT

Quintum Limited Warranty

QUINTUM WARRANTY: Quintum warrants that under normal use and conditions (i) the Quintum hardware products covered by this warranty,
for a period of two years, and (ii) all software media, also for a period of two years, will be free from significant defects in materials and workman-
ship from the date of purchase from Quintum or Quintum’s authorized reseller or distributor (the “Warranty Period”).

SERVICES:
In the event that you believe that you have discovered any such defect during one of the Warranty Periods listed above, you must call the Technical
Assistance Center (TAC) at 877-435-7553 within the United States or 732-460-9399 Internationally, 9:00 AM to 5:30 PM, Eastern Standard Time,
for initial problem diagnosis. Quintum Technologies will perform warranty service at Quintum Technologies designated facility, provided the cus-
tomer returns the Quintum Technologies Product in accordance with Quintum Technologies' shipping instructions. Quintum Technologies' sole
responsibility under this warranty shall be, at Quintum Technologies' option, to either repair or replace the Quintum Technologies Product within 10
days. All defective Quintum Technologies Products, or defective components thereof, returned under this warranty shall become Quintum Tech-
nologies' property. If Quintum Technologies determines that the original Quintum Technologies Product did not contain a Material Defect, Pur-
chaser shall pay Quintum Technologies all costs of handling, transportation, and repairs at Quintum Technologies' prevailing rates, including all
costs of providing an interim Quintum Technologies Product.

The customer will also be given shipping instructions and a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number. This number is to be prominently dis-
played on the shipping container and referenced on all correspondence pertaining to the returned product. Customers are responsible for shipping
and insurance charges to return the defective product. Quintum shall pay for shipping and insurance charges for the part being sent to the customer.

Please return any hardware together with the accompanying software media to Quintum following the RMA Procedure set out below (you may also
be asked to provide written documentation of your purchase).

CUSTOMER REMEDIES: Quintum and its suppliers’ entire liability and your exclusive remedy shall be, at Quintum’s option (i) repair or replace-
ment of the software media or hardware that does not meet Quintum’s Limited Warranty with new or like-new software media or hardware or (ii)
return of the price paid for software media or hardware that does not meet Quintum’s Limited Warranty. Quintum shall have no responsibility, war-
ranty or other obligations whatsoever as a result of (i) the use of the hardware and/or software in a manner inconsistent with the accompanying
manuals, license and limited warranty terms or this Agreement, or (ii) any modifications made to the hardware or software, or (iii) failure of the
hardware or software as a result of accident, abuse or misapplication or (iv) any act of God such as, but not limited to, floods, earthquakes, lighting
or (v) acts of terrorism or war, declared or not.

NO OTHER WARRANTIES: THE WARRANTIES SET FORTH ABOVE ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES.
QUINTUM MAKES NO OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND QUINTUM EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WAR-
RANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICU-
LAR PURPOSE. MOREOVER, THE PROVISIONS SET FORTH ABOVE STATE QUINTUM’S ENTIRE RESPONSIBILITY AND YOUR
SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY WITH RESPECT TO ANY BREACH OF ANY WARRANTY.

LIMITATION ON LIABILITY: NO LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES: UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES AND UNDER NO
THEORY OF LIABILITY SHALL QUINTUM OR QUINTUM’S SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR COSTS OF PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTI-
TUTE PRODUCTS OR SERVICES, LOST PROFITS, LOST SAVINGS, LOSS OF INFORMTION OR DATA, OR ANY OTHER SPECIAL,
INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE SALE, LICENSE OR USE OF, OR
INABILITY TO USE, ANY QUINTUM PRODUCT (HARDWARE OR SOFTWARE) OR SERVICE, EVEN IF QUINTUM HAS BEEN
ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES, AND NOTWITHSTANDING ANY FAILURE OR ESSENTIAL PURPOSE OF
ANY LIMITED WARRANTY.

PRODUCT RELOCATION: THE WARRANTIES SET FORTH ABOVE SHALL BE NULL AND VOID AND OF NO FURTHER EFFECT IN
THE EVENT THAT EITHER: (A) THE PRODUCTS ARE RELOCATED, MOVED, SHIPPED OR EXPORTED (EITHER DIRECTLY OR
INDIRECTLY) TO, OR TECHNOLOGY WITH REGARD TO THE PRODUCTS IS DISCLOSED TO, ANY DESTINATION THAT IS PRO-
SCRIBED UNDER PART 740 OF THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE EXPORT ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS OR TO ANY
NATIONAL OF ANY ONE OF THOSE COUNTRIES UNLESS PRIOR WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION HAS BEEN OBTAINED FROM THE
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE OR SUCH ACTIONS ARE OTHERWISE PERMITTED BY THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COM-
MERCE EXPORT ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS, EXPORT OR OTHERWISE (B) THE PRODUCTS ARE RELOCATED, MOVED,
SHIPPED OR EXPORTED TO ANY LOCATION WHICH WOULD RESULT IN (WHETHER AS A RESULT OF THE USE OF THE PROD-
UCTS OR FOR ANY OTHER REASON) A VIOLATION OF ANY INTERNATIONAL, NATIONAL OR LOCAL LAW, STATUTE, REGULA-
TION, ORDER OR SIMILAR AUTHORITY.

Quintum RMA Procedure

1. Notify Quintum Technical Assistance Center on Telephone: 877-435-7553 within the United States, 732-460-9399 Internationally, Monday
through Friday from 8:30am till 5:30pm U.S. Eastern time.

2. Provide Customer Services Department the following information:

• Customer Name and Contact Name

• Product Part number(s)
• Product serial numbers
• Quantity to be returned
• Type of return (i.e., warranty return)
• Reason for return
• Proof of purchase (invoice or PO)

3. An RMA number will be assigned for each shipment and that number must be quoted in all correspondence relating to the RMA in question.

4. Shipment Instructions: Customer must follow any instructions supplied by the Customer Service Representative concerning where the Product
is to be returned, how the Product is to be packaged, which carrier is to be used, who should pay for the shipment and any labels to be put on
the package. Unless otherwise directed by Quintum’s Customer Services Representative, please return product to Quintum at:

REF RMA Number

Quintum Technologies, Inc.
71 James Way
Eatontown, NJ 07724 USA

5. Following all directions given by Customer Services Representative return the Product to the address given by the Customer Services Repre-
sentative quoting the RMA number.

6. Any product that is deemed failing under this Warranty and a replacement product has been shipped to the customer, the failing product must
be returned and delivered to the address given by the Customer Services Representative within 30 days of the replacement being shipped.

PLEASE NOTE: All shipments require an authorized RMA number.

If the Customer does not comply with this procedure as set out above, Quintum reserves the right to charge Customer for the cost of the replace-
ment Product and/or freight (including duties and taxes) from Quintum regardless of the reason for the return. Quintum also reserves the right to
invoice the Customer for a replacement Product at the same time as the replacement is cross-shipped. This invoice will, of course, be canceled if
the original Product is returned within 30 days of cross-shipment and if found to be a valid warranty return.
Documentation Notice

Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Quintum Technologies, Inc. The
recipient of this document has a personal, non-exclusive and non-transferable license to use the information contained within solely with Quintum Tech-
nologies, Inc. products for the purpose intended by the agreement. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any
means without the express written permission of Quintum Technologies, Inc. Quintum Technologies, Inc. disclaims liability for any and all damages that
may result from publication or use of this document and/or its contents except for infringement of third party copyright or misappropriation of third party
trade secrets.

US GOVERNMENT RESTRICTED AND LIMITED RIGHTS

All documentation supplied by Quintum Technologies, Inc. to the United States Government is provided with Restricted Rights. Use, duplication, or dis-
closure by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c) (2) of the Commercial Computer Software-Restricted Rights clause
at FAR 52.227-19 or subparagraph (c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013, as appropriate.

All documentation, other than the documentation which is provided with Restricted Rights, is provided with Limited Rights. U.S. Government rights to
use, duplicate, or disclose documentation other than software documentation, is governed by the restrictions defined in paragraph (a) (15) of the Rights
in Technical Data and computer software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013,

Manufacturer/Owner: Quintum Technologies, Inc. 71 James Way, Eatontown, NJ 07724

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Quintum Technologies, Inc., the Quintum Technologies logo, Tenor MultiPath VoIP Gateway, and SelectNet are trademarks, and in some jurisdictions
may be registered trademarks of Quintum Technologies, Inc. Other trademarks appearing in this packaging are the property of their respective owners.

© Copyright 2004 Quintum Technologies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Agency Approvals

EMI/EMC Standards
FCC Part 15 Class B
ICES-003
EN55022:98
EN55024:98
EN61000-3-2 :95
EN61000-3-3:95
AS/NZS 3548:1995

Safety Standards
UL60950-1
CSA C22.2 No.60950-1
EN60950:99
TS001:1970

Telecom Standards
FCC Part 68
CS-03
AS/NZ 3260:1997
AS/ACIFS002:2001
AS/ACIF S003:2001

European Directives
EMC Directive, 89/336/EEC
Low Voltage Directive, 73/23/EEC
R&TTE Directive, 99/5/EC
FCC WARNINGS

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for Class A digital device, pursuant to
Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interfer-
ence in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy, and,
if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio commu-
nications. However, there is no guarantee that interface will not occur in a particular installations. If this
equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turn-
ing the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the
following measures:

· Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

· Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
· Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.
· Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

CAUTION: Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance
could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.

This device complies with Part 68 of the FCC Rules and the requirements adopted by ACTA. On the back of
this equipment is a label that contains, among their information, a product identifier in the format
US:6LCPF01AAS-SERIES. If requested, this information must be provided by the Telephone Company.

The REN (Ringer Equivalence Number) is used to determine the number of devices that may be connected to
a telephone line. Excessive RENs on a telephone line may result in the devices not ringing in response to an
incoming call. In most but not all areas, the sum of RENs should not exceed five (5.0). To be certain of the
number of devices that may be connected to a line, as determined by the total RENs, contact the local tele-
phone company. For products approved after July 23, 2001, the REN for this product is part of the product
identifier that has the format US:AAAEQ##TXXXX. The digits represented by ## are the REN without a dec-
imal point (e.g., 03 is a REN of 0.3). For earlier products, the REN is separately shown on the label.

Facility Interface Codes For Analog Services supported:

• 02LS2

Service Order Codes For Analog Services supported:

• 9.0F Full protection to the network from systems using live voice. Only approved terminal equipment
can be connected to station ports

An FCC compliant telephone cord with a modular plug is provided with this equipment. This device connects
to the telephone network via an RJ-11 plug and jack. The plug and jack also comply with FCC part 68 rules.

If this device causes harm to the telephone network, the telephone company will notify you in advance that
temporary discontinuance of service may be required. But, if advance notice is not practical, the Telephone
Company will notify the customer as soon as possible. Also, you will be advised of your right to file a com-
plaint with the FCC if you believe it is necessary.

The Telephone Company may make changes in its facilities, equipment, operations, or procedures that could
effect the operation of the equipment. If this happens, the Telephone Company will provide advance notice in
order for you to make necessary modifications to maintain uninterrupted service.
If trouble is experienced with this device, for repair and warranty information, please refer to the Technical
Support insert for repair information and the warranty section of this Getting Started Guide for warranty infor-
mation.

In the event of device malfunction, all repairs should be performed by Quintum Technologies, Inc. or an
authorized agent. It is the responsibility of users requiring service to report the need for service to Quintum
Technologies or to one of our authorized agents. In the event service is required, refer to the Technical Support
insert for information.

If the device is causing harm to the telephone network, the telephone company may request that you discon-
nect the equipment until the problem is resolved.

This registered device is capable of providing users access to interstate providers of operator services through
those of equal access codes.

U.S. Service Center Information:

Quintum Technologies, Inc.

71 James Way
Eatontown, NJ 07724 USA
Canadian Notice

The Industry Canada label identifies certified equipment. This certification means that the equipment meets
certain telecommunications network protective, operation, and safety requirements. The Department does not
guarantee the equipment will operate to the users' satisfaction.

Before installing this equipment, users should ensure that it is permissible to be connected to the facilities of
the local Telecommunications Company. The equipment must also be installed using an acceptable method of
connection. In some cases, the inside wiring associated with a single-line individual service may be extended
by means of a certified connector assembly. The customer should be aware that compliance with the above
conditions may not prevent degradation of service in some situations.

Repairs to certified equipment should be made by an authorized Canadian maintenance facility designated by
the supplier. Any repairs or alterations made by the user to this equipment, or equipment malfunctions, may
give the telecommunications company cause to request the user to disconnect the equipment.

Users should ensure for their own protection that the electrical ground connections of the power utility, tele-
phone lines, and internal metallic water pipe system, if present, are connected together. This precaution may
be particularly important in rural areas.

CAUTION: Users should not attempt to make electrical ground connections by themselves, but should
contact the appropriate inspection authority or an electrician, as appropriate.