NAME- NISHITA GROVER ENROLLMENT NO.

-07914901719

BBA(G)

1. What are the applications of e commerce in various industries?

Explain any 4 in brief.

Applications of eCommerce

eCommerce development and its applications is an unavoidable sector in the

present day to day life. Given below are the most common eCommerce
applications.

Retail & wholesale

There are numerous applications for retail as well as wholesale in the case of e-
commerce. Here comes e-retailing or may be called as online retailing. This
refers to the selling of goods and other services through electronic stores from
business to consumers. These are designed and equipped using a shopping cart
model and electronic catalog.

Ecommerce has numerous applications in this sector. E-retailing is basically a

B2C, and in some cases, a B2B sale of goods and services through online stores
designed using virtual shopping carts and electronic catalogs. A subset of retail
ecommerce is m-commerce, or mobile commerce, wherein a consumer
purchases goods and services using their mobile device through the mobile
optimized site of the retailer. These retailers use the E-payment method: they
accept payment through credit or debit cards, online wallets or internet banking,
without printing paper invoices or receipts.

Marketing

Using web and e-commerce, data collection about the preferences, behavior,
needs, buying patterns are possible. The marketing activities like price fixing,
product feature, and its enhancement, negotiation, and the relationship with the
customer can be made using these.

This refers to the gathering of data about consumer behaviors, preferences,

needs, buying patterns and so on. It helps marketing activities like fixing price,
negotiating, enhancing product features, and building strong customer
relationships as this data can be leveraged to provide customers a tailored and
enhanced purchase experience.

Finance

eCommerce is being used by the financial companies to a large extent. By the

name finance, we know that there will be customers and transactions. The
customers can check the balance in their savings account, as well as their loan
account. There are features like transferring of money from and to their own
accounts, paying off bills online and also e-banking. Online stock trading is also
another feature of e-commerce.

Banks and other financial institutions are using e-commerce to a significant

extent. Customers can check account balances, transfer money to other accounts
held by them or others, pay bills through internet banking, pay insurance
premiums, and so on. Individuals can also carry out trading in stocks online, and
get information about stocks to trade in from websites that display news, charts,
performance reports and analyst ratings of companies.

Manufacturing

eCommerce is included and used in the chain operations (supply) of a company.

There are companies that form the electronic exchange. This is by providing
buying and selling items together, trading market information and the
information of runback office like inventory control. This is a way that speeds
up the flow of finished goods and the raw materials among the business
community members.

Supply chain operations also use ecommerce; usually, a few companies form a
group and create an electronic exchange and facilitate purchase and sale of
goods, exchange of market information, back office information like inventory
control, and so on. This enables the smooth flow of raw materials and finished
products among the member companies and also with other businesses.

2. What are the emerging trends of e commerce? Explain any 5 of them

in brief.

Voice Commerce 
According to research reports, in 2020, almost 50% of internet searches
will be done using voice search. 

Most of the customers use any one of the virtual assistants from Google,
Amazon or Microsoft to conduct a voice search when using their smart
devices. 

It is an alternative for using a keyboard or screen to purchase products

online. It is not only finding the product that you want but also helps in
ordering and buying the same product. 

Making a way to purchase the product easier, faster, and at any time made
the voice search an essential feature in ecommerce. Features of the voice
search are:  

 Hands-free user interface for faster and easier shopping  

 Answer all the user queries instantly  
 Paves the way to buy products while doing other things as well.  

Making smart devices to understand natural language and process them are
the challenges this technology is facing today. 

Social Commerce 

Social commerce is buying the product directly from social media. That is,
you can eliminate the links that direct to your website and make your
customers complete the purchase on social media itself.  

For example, anyone can search, enquire, and place the order directly on
social media like Facebook, etc. It combines both social media and
ecommerce to offer these benefits: 

 Increase customer trust and grow your user base.  

 Smooth checkout process when compared to the traditional
ecommerce. 
 Users can easily recommend products to others 

Machine Learning 
Machine learning provides an ecommerce system to automatically learn
and improve from customers’ behaviours automatically. 
Ecommerce uses various personal data of the user for different purposes
like personalization, payment details or delivery details. Since it handles
huge data so it's difficult to check for inconsistency. 

You can automate the anomaly detection with the help of machine learning
technology. You can make use of multivariate statistical analysis and
artificial neural network for detecting the fraud user action which raises
suspicions. 

Some errors like missing product images and incomplete product

description which result in irrelevant product display can be quickly sorted
with the help of machine learning. 

Chatbots

A chatbot is an artificial intelligence that simulates communication with a

user in a natural language through websites, mobile apps, telephone or
messaging applications. 

According to the grand view research report, the global Chatbot market is
expected to reach $1.23 billion in 2025, with an annual growth of 24%.
Already, 80% of businesses are using or planned to use chatbot by 2020. 

Chatbots for ecommerce is designed to:   

 Guide a customer during the purchase.  

 Offer product recommendation as per the buyers' interest.  
 Provide 24/7 customer support.  

The major problem with the chatbot is, it only provides information to the
customer with the pre-programmed data. It fails when a user's requests or
queries are out-of-the-box. 

Mobile Commerce

User experience is a critical component of any digital business strategy in

today's technologically advanced world. The user is moving from desktop
to mobile computing. 55% of the online traffic is generated from mobile
devices and still it is on the increase.
Mobile marketing is an important e-commerce trend. The creation of
mobile application for e-commerce site is the latest trend to drive a large
number of online shoppers who use mobile apps for online shopping.

3. What is M-commerce?
Mobile commerce, also known as m-commerce or m-commerce, is the use of
wireless handheld devices like cellphones and tablets to conduct commercial
transactions online, including the purchase and sale of products, online
banking, and paying bills.
Mobile commerce is an increasingly large subset of electronic commerce, a
model where firms or individuals conduct business over the internet. The rapid
growth of mobile commerce has been driven by a number of factors, including
increased wireless handheld device computing power, a proliferation of m-
commerce applications, and the broad resolution of security issues.

M-commerce (mobile commerce) is the buying and selling of goods and

services through wireless handheld devices such as smartphones and
tablets. As a form of e-commerce, m-commerce enables users to access
online shopping platforms without needing to use a desktop computer.
Examples of m-commerce include  in-app purchasing, mobile banking,
virtual marketplace apps like the Amazon mobile app or a digital
wallet such as Apple Pay, Android Pay and Samsung Pay.  

Over time, content delivery over wireless devices has become faster, more
secure and scalable. As of 2017 the use of m-commerce accounted
for 34.5% of e-commerce sales. The industries affected most by m-
commerce include:

 Financial services, which includes mobile banking (when customers

use their handheld devices to access their accounts and pay their bills)
as well as brokerage services, in which stock quotes can be displayed
and trading conducted from the same handheld device.
 Telecommunications, in which service changes, bill
payment and account reviews can all be performed from the same
handheld device.

 Service and retail, as consumers are given the ability to place and
pay for orders on-the-fly.

 Information services, which include the delivery of financial news,

sports figures and traffic updates to a single mobile device.
4. Differentiate between M-commerce and E-commerce.
5.
5. Explain the M-commerce life cycle in brief and the different
players involved in M-commerce.
Different Players in M-Commerce

User:
User is defined as a person who is authorized to use his Personal Trusted Device
(PTD). Every user of M-Commerce is associated one or more PTSd. Users of
m-commerce can be divided into two main categories:
End users or system users: Retail subscribers of mobile phone services who uses
mobile phones for commercial activity comes under this category. Here the
benefit or the end-result is received by the subscriber.

Suppliers:
In this category the end-result or benefit is obtained by an organization that
utilizes M Commerce for increasing the productivity and efficiency of its
activities.

Network Operators:
Network operators offer the transport facility for data to pass across from the
end-user to the destination and vice-versa. Operators enable this by providing
network infrastructure with technologies such as GSM, GPRS and 3G.

Service Providers:
Service providers typically involve in activities that develops new services on
the common platforms providing standardized functional interface to
application developers, and utilizes the network infrastructure provided by the
Network Operator to provide the data in a consistent and user-friendly format
for the end-user.
Content Providers:
Content providers aggregate mobile device content from different sources. They
also link up with Commerce Mediators to handle the payment activities.

Commerce Mediator:
Any organization that provides payment solutions or services comes under this
category. These organizations act as mediators between content providers and
financial industry. This category also includes firms providing security solutions
for payment.

Finance Organizations:
Any commercial transaction on a media requires framework and infrastructure
to complete it with payment for the item transaction on. Financial industry has
unique positioning and role in M Commerce value chain. It provides necessary
facility to carry out such a transaction.

PTD:
For M-Commerce, the mobile phone is regarded as a user centered Personal
Trusted Device (PTD). The mobile phone is small, personal, familiar, secure
and available at all times. As a PTD, the mobile phone will be able to handle all
transaction-related functions in both the online world and the physical world.
This PTD may include mechanisms for user verification, an area for secure key
storage and cryptographic processing, a certificate database, and a transaction
database.
 6. Explain the merits and demerit of M-commerce.
Advantages of M-Commerce

 It provides a very convenient and easy to use the system to

conduct business transactions.
 Mobile commerce has a very wide reach. A huge part of the
world’s population has a mobile phone in their pocket. So the
sheer size of the market is tremendous.
 M-commerce also helps businesses target customers according
to their location, service provider, the type of device they use and
various other criteria. This can be a good marketing tool.
 The costs of the company also reduced. This is due to the
streamlined processes, now transaction cost, low carrying cost
and low order processing cost as well.

Disadvantages of M-Commerce

 The existing technology to set up an m-commerce business is

very expensive. It has great start-up costs and many complications
arise.
 In developing countries, the networks and service providers are
not reliable. It is not most suitable for data transfer.
 Then there is the issue of security. There are many concerns
about the safety of the customer’s private information. And the
possibility of a data leak is very daunting.

7. Explain the services and applications of M-commerce.

Applications of M-commerce

Other than the straightforward m-commerce transactions of buying

and selling of goods and services, they have so many applications.
Let us take a look at a few examples,
 Mobile Banking: Using a mobile website or application to
perform all your banking functions. It is one step ahead of online
banking and has become commonplace these days. For example,
in Nigeria, the majority of banking transactions happen on mobile
phones.
 Mobile Ticketing and Booking: Making bookings and receiving
your tickets on the mobile. The digital ticket or boarding pass is
sent directly to your phone after you make the payment from it.
Even in India now IRTC and other services provide m-ticketing
services.
 E-bills: This includes mobile vouchers, mobile coupons to be
redeemed and even loyalty points or cards system.
 Auctions: Online auctions having now been developed to be
made available via mobile phones as well.
 Stock Market Reports and even stock market trading over
mobile applications.

8. What are the different payment methods involved in M-

commerce?

PAYMENT METHODS USED IN MOBILE COMMERCE

Premium-rate telephone numbers Premium-rate telephone numbers

are telephone numbers for telephone calls during which certain
services are provided, and for which prices higher than normal are
charged. Unlike a normal call, part of the call charge is paid to the
service provider, thus enabling businesses to be funded via the calls.
E.g. Directory enquiries, weather forecast, etc.
Contactless payment Contactless payment systems are credit cards
and debit cards, key fobs, smart card or other devices, including
smart phones and other mobile devices, that use radio-frequency
identification (RFID) or near field communication (NFC) for making
secure payments. E.g. Apple Pay, Android Pay. Etc.

Host Card Emulation Host Card Emulation (HCE) is the term

describing on-device technology that permits a phone to perform
card emulation on a Near Field Communication (NFC)-enabled device
without relying on access to a secure element.

E.g. Google Wallet