Study On Different Type of Foundation

STUDY ON DIFFERENT TYPE OF FOUNDATION
A PROJECT
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award
of
3 year Diploma in civil Engineering BY
MITHLESH SINGH ……………………………..….E1771432200040

SHAKTI SINGH........................................................E1771432200041
ABHAY KUMAR NISHAD......................................E1771432200048
JITENDRA KUMAR..................................................E1771432200039
SUPERVISOR SUBMITTED BY
MR. MD.IRFAN KHAN MR.ANKUR KUMAR SAHU
CIVIL DEPARTMENT H.O.D.CIVIL DEPARTMENT
R.R.INSTITUTE OF MODERNPOLYTECHNIC,
LUCKNOW UTTAR PRADESH
MAY 2020
© COPYRIGHT
BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUDATION UTTAR PRADESH
2020
(ALL RIGHT REVERVED
PROJECT DEDICATED TO ……………………........
MY FAMILY
R.R.INSTITUTE OF MODERN POLYTECHNIC,
CANDIDATE DECLARATION
I here certify that the work embodied in this project entitled “STUDY ON DIFFERENT TYPE OF
FOUNDATION By “MITHLESH SINGH” Roll No. E1771432200040, in the partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the award of 3 year Diploma in Civil Engineering submitted to the “R.R. Institute of
Modern Polytechnic” Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, is an authentic record of my own work carried out under
the Supervision of Mr. “MD. IRFAN KHAN”. The matter presented in this project has not been
submitted by me in any other university/Institute for the award of any other degree or diploma. The
responsibility for any plagiarism related issue stands solely with Me.
(MITHLESH SINGH)
E1771432200040
This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct the best of any
knowledge and belief, however, responsibility, for any plagiarism related issue solely stands
with the student.
Mr. MD IRFAN KHAN
(Supervisor) Civil Department
R.R. Institute of Modern Polytechnic
Date:
The viva voice of MITHLESH SINGH has been held on……………………
(signature of External Examiner)

R.R.INSTITUTE OF MODERN POLYTECHNIC,
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Time has provided me the cherished opportunity to express my heartfelt gratitude to my
Supervisor MR. MD. IRFAN KHAN, Civil Department R.R. Institute of Modern
Polytechnic, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh , who permitted me to carry out project work under
his able guidance
.I shall ever remain indebted to them for the meticulous guidance constructive criticism clear
thinking , keen interest constant encouragement and forbearance right from the beginning of
this project to its completion.
I am also thankful to all faculty and staff member of Civil Engineering Department for their
full cooperation and help.
I would like to special thanks to Mr. Durgesh Verma Principal R.R. Institute of Modern
Polytechnic .I would like to pay my sincere thanks to Mr. ANKUR KUAMR SAHU.(H.O.D
CIVIL DEPARTMENT) & TEACHERS
The cheerful Support of my friend Shakti Singh, Abhay Kumar NIshad, Mithlesh Singh and
colleagues is sincerely appreciated Special words of appreciation go to laboratory staff member , who
helped me in my experimental work.
I render my gratitude to the almighty who bestowed self-confidence ability and strength in me to
complete this work.
(MITHLESH SINGH)
E1771432200040
ABSTRACT
We know that India is a developing country. The demands for buildings, for
commercial or residential use, are high especially in Lucknow, the capital city of Uttar
Pradesh. A building is designed to support the load applied to it safely. The ability of building
to sustain the applied loads depends on the building’s foundation system
Foundations can provide the most economical solution for supporting small & large -scale
structures. The design approach is quite simple considering the ultimate bearing capacity and
working-load settlement. Research has shown that settlement calculations, determined using a
linear-elastic approach, usually govern the design but this approach is inappropriate because
soil is highly non-linear, even at small strains.
This project report discusses a list of information and issues that cause of structural failure in
the foundations and footings of a building. When a load is gradually applied on a foundation,
settlement occurs which is almost elastic, to begin with. At the ultimate load, general shear
failure occurs when a plastic yield surface develops under the footing, extending outward and
upward to the ground surface, and catastrophic settlement or rotation of the foundation
occurs. Foundation failure is caused by multiple reasons such as poor soil preparation, water
problems, dry heat, large trees and plumbing issues Foundation failure is where the
foundation settles below a level of original construction to a point where damages have
occurred such as veneer cracking, interior sheetrock cracking, separations in the veneer and
misaligning doors to name a few common symptoms
FIGURE NO. FIGURE NAME PAGE
NO.
FIG 1.3.1 SHALLOW FOUNDATION 2
FIG 1.3.2 DEEP FOUNDATION 3
FIG 2.3.1 GRILLAGE FOUNDATION 6
FIG 2.4 COMBINED FOOTING WITH LOAD 7
FIG 2.4.1 TYPE OF COMBINED FOOTING 7
FIG 2.4.2 CROSS SECTION OF COMBINED 8

FOOTING
FIG 2.4.3 STRAP FOOTING 9
FIG 2.5 MAT FOUNDATION 10
FIG 3.2 PILE FOUNDATION 11
FIG 3.2.1 BEARING & FRICTION PILE 12
FIG 3.2.2(A) CONCRETE PILE 13
FIG 3.2.2(B) WOODEN PILE 14
FIG 3.2.2(C) STEEL PILE 14
FIG 3.3 PIER FOUNDATION 15
FIG 3.3.1(A) MASONARY PIER 16
FIG 3.3.1(B) DRILED CAISION 16
FIG 3.4 CROSS SECTION OF WELL 18

FOUNDATION
FIG 3.4.1 TYPE OF WELL FOUNDATION 19
FIG 5.1 FOUNDATION FAILURE 24

Content
Front page i
Copyright ii
Dedicated iii
Candidate declaration iv
Acknowledgement v
Abstract vi
Figure table vii
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION OF FOUNDATION 1-4

1.1 FOUNDATION 1
1.2REQUIREMENT OF GOOD FOUNDATION 1
1.3TYPE OF FOUNDATION 1
1.4FOUNDATION SELECTION 4
CHAPTER 2 SHALLOW FOUNDATION 5-10

2.1SHALLOW FOUNDATION 5
2.2TYPE OF SHALLOW FOUNDATION 5
2.3SPREAD FOOTING FOUNDATION 5
2.4COMBINED FOOTING 7
2.5MAT FOUNDATION 9
CHAPTER 3 DEEP FOUNDATION 11- 19

3.1DEEP FOUNDATION 11
3.2PILE FOUNDATION 11
3.3PIER FOUNDATION 15
3.4WELL OR CAISSONS FOUNDATION 18
CHAPTER 4 FOUNDATION DESIGN 20-23

4.1FOUNDATION DESIGN 20
4.2BEARING CAPACITY EQUATION 21
4.3ANALYTICAL METHOD 22
4.4DESIGN PROCEDURE 23
CHAPTER 5 FOUNDATION FAILURE 24-25

5.1FOUNDATION FAILURE 24
5.1.1 SOIL MOISTURE 24
5.1.2 UNEVEN LOADING 25
5.1.3 OVER LOADING 25
5.1.3 DIFFERENT PROPERTY OFSOIL AT THE
FOUNDATION INTERFACE 25
5.1.4 VIBRATION FOR ADJACENT CONTRUCTION 25
CONCLUSION 26
FUTURE SCOPE 27
REFERENCE 28

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STUDY ON DIFFERENT TYPE OF FOUNDATION

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award

3 year Diploma in civil Engineering BY

MITHLESH SINGH ……………………………..….E1771432200040

Mr. MD IRFAN KHAN

(Supervisor) Civil Department

R.R. Institute of Modern Polytechnic

The viva voice of MITHLESH SINGH has been held on……………………

(signature of External Examiner)

FIG 1.3.2 DEEP FOUNDATION 3

FIG 2.3.1 GRILLAGE FOUNDATION 6

FIG 2.4 COMBINED FOOTING WITH LOAD 7

FIG 2.4.1 TYPE OF COMBINED FOOTING 7

FIG 2.4.2 CROSS SECTION OF COMBINED 8

FIG 2.4.3 STRAP FOOTING 9

FIG 2.5 MAT FOUNDATION 10

FIG 3.2 PILE FOUNDATION 11

FIG 3.2.1 BEARING & FRICTION PILE 12

FIG 3.2.2(A) CONCRETE PILE 13

FIG 3.2.2(B) WOODEN PILE 14

FIG 3.2.2(C) STEEL PILE 14

FIG 3.3 PIER FOUNDATION 15

FIG 3.3.1(A) MASONARY PIER 16

FIG 3.3.1(B) DRILED CAISION 16

FIG 3.4 CROSS SECTION OF WELL 18

FIG 3.4.1 TYPE OF WELL FOUNDATION 19

FIG 5.1 FOUNDATION FAILURE 24

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION OF FOUNDATION 1-4

CHAPTER 2 SHALLOW FOUNDATION 5-10

CHAPTER 3 DEEP FOUNDATION 11- 19

CHAPTER 4 FOUNDATION DESIGN 20-23

CHAPTER 5 FOUNDATION FAILURE 24-25

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