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Java Variables: Local Variable

- Local variables are declared within methods, constructors or blocks and are only visible and exist within that scope. They are created and destroyed as the method/block is entered and exited. - Instance variables are declared within a class but outside of methods. Each object instance has its own copy of instance variables. They are created when an object is instantiated and destroyed when the object is. - Static variables have a single copy for the entire class rather than each object. They are accessed via the class name rather than a particular instance and exist for the lifetime of the class loading.

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Hnin Yu
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67 views

Java Variables: Local Variable

- Local variables are declared within methods, constructors or blocks and are only visible and exist within that scope. They are created and destroyed as the method/block is entered and exited. - Instance variables are declared within a class but outside of methods. Each object instance has its own copy of instance variables. They are created when an object is instantiated and destroyed when the object is. - Static variables have a single copy for the entire class rather than each object. They are accessed via the class name rather than a particular instance and exist for the lifetime of the class loading.

Uploaded by

Hnin Yu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Java Variables

Local Variable
-Local variables are declared in methods, constructors, or blocks.
-Local variables are created when the method, constructor or block is entered and the variable
will be destroyed once it exits the method, constructor, or block.
-Access modifiers cannot be used for local variables.
-Local variables are visible only within the declared method, constructor, or block.
-Local variables are implemented at stack level internally.
-There is no default value for local variables, so local variables should be declared and an initial
value should be assigned before the first use.
-if no initalized, there will be error.
Example-
public class Test {
public void pupAge() {
int age;//no initalized
age = age + 7;//error
System.out.println("Puppy age is : " + age);
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
Test test = new Test();
test.pupAge();
}
}

-method ရဲ့ body ထဲမှ ာကြေငြာတဲ့ variable ကို local variable လို့ခေါ်တယ်။ ဤ variable ကို ထို
method အတွင်း၌သာအသုံ းပြုနို င်သည်။

local variable ကို "static" keyword နဲ့သတ်မှ တ်လို့မရဘူ း။


Instance Variable
-A variable declared inside the class but outside the body of the method, is called instance
variable. It is not declared as static.
-It is called instance variable because its value is instance specific and is not shared among
instances.
-Instance variables are declared in a class, but outside a method, constructor or any block.
-When a space is allocated for an object in the heap, a slot for each instance variable value is
created.
-Instance variables are created when an object is created with the use of the keyword 'new' and
destroyed when the object is destroyed.
-Instance variables hold values that must be referenced by more than one method, constructor
or block, or essential parts of an object's state that must be present throughout the class.
-Instance variables can be declared in class level before or after use.
-Access modifiers can be given for instance variables.
-The instance variables are visible for all methods, constructors and block in the class. Normally,
it is recommended to make these variables private (access level). However, visibility for
subclasses can be given for these variables with the use of access modifiers.
-Instance variables have default values. For numbers, the default value is 0, for Booleans it is
false, and for object references it is null. Values can be assigned during the declaration or within
the constructor.
-Instance variables can be accessed directly by calling the variable name inside the class.
However, within static methods (when instance variables are given accessibility), they should
be called using the fully qualified name. ObjectReference.VariableName.

-Class ထဲမှ ာရှိပေမယ့် method ရဲ့ body အပြင်ဘက်မှ ာကြေငြာတဲ့ variable ကို instance variable လို့
ခေါ်တယ်။ ဒါဟာstatic အဖြစ်ကြေငြာသည်မဟု တ် ပါ။

၎င်းကို instance variable ဟု ခေါ်သည်။ အဘယ်ကြောင့်ဆို သော်ယင်း၏တန်ဖို းသည်ဥပမာအားဖြင့်


သီးခြားဖြစ်သောကြောင့်ဖြစ်ရပ်များတွင်မျှဝေခြင်းမရှိသောကြောင့်ဖြစ်သည်

Example-
import java.io.*;
public class Employee {
public String name;//instance variable
private double salary;//instance variable
Employee (String empName) {//constructor
this.name = empName;//local variable
}
public void setSalary(double empSal) {//method
this.salary = empSal;//local variable
}
public void printEmp() {
System.out.println("name : " + name );
System.out.println("salary :" + salary);
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
Employee empOne = new Employee("Ransika");
empOne.setSalary(1000);
empOne.printEmp();
}
}

Static Variable
-Class variables also known as static variables are declared with the static keyword in a class,
but outside a method, constructor or a block
-There would only be one copy of each class variable per class, regardless of how many objects
are created from it.
-Static variables are rarely used other than being declared as constants. Constants are variables
that are declared as public/private, final, and static. Constant variables never change from their
initial value.
-Static variables are stored in the static memory. It is rare to use static variables other than
declared final and used as either public or private constants.
-Static variables are created when the program starts and destroyed when the program stops.
-Visibility is similar to instance variables. However, most static variables are declared public
since they must be available for users of the class.
-Default values are same as instance variables. For numbers, the default value is 0; for
Booleans, it is false; and for object references, it is null. Values can be assigned during the
declaration or within the constructor. Additionally, values can be assigned in special static
initializer blocks.
-Static variables can be accessed by calling with the class name ClassName.VariableName.
-When declaring class variables as public static final, then variable names (constants) are all in
upper case. If the static variables are not public and final, the naming syntax is the same as
instance and local variables.

static အဖြစ်ကြေငြာသော variable တစ်ခု ကို static variable ဟု ခေါ်သည်။ local တွင်းမဖြစ်နို င်ပါ
static variable တစ်ခု ၏ copy တစ်ခု ကို သင်ဖန်တီးနိူင်ပြီး class ၏သာဓကများအားလုံ းတွင်မျှဝေနို င်သည်။
static variable ကို များအတွက်မှ တ်ဉာဏ်ခွဲဝေမှုအတန်းမှ တ်ဉာဏ်ထဲမှ ာ loaded အခါတစ်ကြိမ်သာဖြစ်
ပျက်။

Example-
import java.io.*;
public class Employee {
// salary variable is a private static variable
private static double salary;
// DEPARTMENT is a constant
public static final String DEPARTMENT = "Development ";
public static void main(String args[]) {
salary = 1000;
System.out.println(DEPARTMENT + "average salary:" + salary);
}
}
Note-If the variables are accessed from an outside class, the constant should be accessed as
Employee.DEPARTMENT
Eg-
public class Em {
public static final String DEPARTMENT = "Development ";
}
public class Employee {//main class
private static double salary;
public static void main(String[] args) {
salary=1000;
System.out.println(Em.DEPARTMENT+" of salary is "+salary);
}
}

Overall
class A{
int data=50;//instance variable
static int m=100;//static variable
void method(){
int n=90;//local variable
}
}

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