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Switched Configuration:: Unit 5.4-Types and Range of Hybrid System

1) The switched PV-diesel hybrid system allows the load to be supplied directly by the diesel generator or inverter, but not both simultaneously. This improves efficiency over a series system. 2) The parallel PV-diesel hybrid system uses a bidirectional inverter to link the battery and AC sources. Both the inverter and diesel generator can power the load simultaneously, doubling the maximum load capacity. 3) An intelligent energy management system is needed to optimize performance in a parallel hybrid system by controlling the interactive operation of components. However, most current systems do not fully utilize their capability for parallel, synchronized operation.

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210 views3 pages

Switched Configuration:: Unit 5.4-Types and Range of Hybrid System

1) The switched PV-diesel hybrid system allows the load to be supplied directly by the diesel generator or inverter, but not both simultaneously. This improves efficiency over a series system. 2) The parallel PV-diesel hybrid system uses a bidirectional inverter to link the battery and AC sources. Both the inverter and diesel generator can power the load simultaneously, doubling the maximum load capacity. 3) An intelligent energy management system is needed to optimize performance in a parallel hybrid system by controlling the interactive operation of components. However, most current systems do not fully utilize their capability for parallel, synchronized operation.

Uploaded by

SELVAKUMAR RB
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit 5.

4- types and range of hybrid system

Switched Configuration:

Fig 2: Switched PV-diesel hybrid system

Despite its operational limitations, the switched configuration remains one of the most
common installations in some developing countries. It allows operation with either the
engine-driven generator or the inverter as the AC source, yet no parallel operation of the main
generation sources is possible.

The diesel generator and the RES can charge the battery bank. The main advantage
compared with the series system is that the load can be supplied directly by the engine-driven
generator, which results in a higher overall conversion efficiency.

Typically, the diesel generator power will exceed the load demand, with excess
energy being used to recharge the battery bank. During periods of low electricity demand the
diesel generator is switched off and the load is supplied from the PV array together with
stored energy.

Switched hybrid energy systems can be operated in manual mode, although the
increased complexity of the system makes it highly desirable to include an automatic
controller, which can be implemented with the addition of appropriate battery voltage sensing
and start/stop control of the engine-driven generator (Fig. 2).

Advantages:
• The inverter can generate a sine-wave, modified squarewave, or square-wave, depending on
the particular application.
• The diesel generator can supply the load directly, therefore improving the system efficiency
and reducing the fuel consumption.

Disadvantages:
• Power to the load is interrupted momentarily when the AC power sources are transferred.
• The engine-driven alternator and inverter are typically designed to supply the peak load,
which reduces their efficiency at part load operation.
Unit 5.4- types and range of hybrid system

Parallel Configuration:

Fig 3: Parallel PV-diesel hybrid energy system: a) DC decoupling and b) AC coupling

The parallel hybrid system can be further classified as DC and AC couplings as


shown in Fig.3. In both schemes, a bi-directional inverter is used to link between the battery
and an AC source (typically the output of a diesel generator).

The bi-directional inverter can charge the battery bank (rectifier operation) when
excess energy is available from the diesel generator or by the renewable sources, as well as
act as a DC–AC converter (inverter operation).

The bi-directional inverter may also provide “peak shaving” as part of a control
strategy when the diesel engine is overloaded. In Fig.3a, the renewable energy sources (RES)
such as photovoltaic and wind are coupled on the DC side. DC integration of RES results in
“custom” system solutions for individual supply cases requiring high costs for engineering,
hardware, repair, and maintenance.

Furthermore, power system expandability for covering needs of growing energy and
power demand is also difficult. A better approach would be to integrate the RES on the AC
side rather than on the DC side as shown in Fig.3b. Parallel hybrid energy systems are
Unit 5.4- types and range of hybrid system

characterized by two significant improvements over the series and switched system
configuration.

The inverter plus the diesel generator capacity rather than their individual component
ratings limit the maximum load that can be supplied. Typically, this will lead to a doubling of
the system capacity.

The capability to synchronize the inverter with the diesel generator allows greater
flexibility to optimize the operation of the system. Future systems should be sized with a
reduced peak capacity of the diesel generator, which results in a higher fraction of directly
used energy and hence higher system efficiencies.

By using the same power electronic devices for both inverter and rectifier operation,
the number of system components is minimized. Additionally, wiring and system installation
costs are reduced through the integration of all power-conditioning devices in one central
power unit.

This highly integrated system concept has advantages over a more modular approach
to system design, but it may prevent convenient system upgrades when the load demand
increases. The parallel configuration offers a number of potential advantages over other
system configurations.

These objectives can only be met if the interactive operation of the individual
components is controlled by an “intelligent” hybrid energy management system.

Although today’s generation of parallel systems include system controllers of varying


complexity and sophistication, they do not optimize the performance of the complete system.
Typically, both the diesel generator and the inverter are sized to supply anticipated peak
loads.

As a result most parallel hybrid energy systems do not utilize their capability of
parallel, synchronized operation of multiple power sources.

Advantages:
• The system load can be met in an optimal way.
• Diesel generator efficiency can be maximized.
• Diesel generator maintenance can be minimized.
• A reduction in the rated capacities of the diesel generator, battery bank, inverter, and
renewable resources is feasible, while also meeting the peak loads.

Disadvantages:
• Automatic control is essential for the reliable operation of the system.
• The inverter has to be a true sine-wave inverter with the ability to synchronize with a
secondary AC source.
• System operation is less transparent to the untrained user of the system.

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