EE530 Smart Grid

Lecture 12
Smart Homes

Dr. Muhammad Tariq

Assistant Professor
Department of Electrical
Engineering
FAST-NUCES Peshawar
Campus

Dr. M. Tariq, EE530 Smart Grid, Lecture 12, Spring 2017

 Introduction
“A dwelling incorporating a communications network
that connects the key electrical appliances and services,
and allows them to be remotely (both within the dwelling
and outside of the dwelling) controlled, monitored or
accessed.”[1]

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WHY?
 Introduction
Smart Home Environment:
It improves comfort level for the occupants.
 It senses situations using technologies like wireless sensor
network.
 It adapts with both variation of situation and occupants’
preferences.
 It ensures security and controlled access.
 It detects emergency situation and takes necessary actions.
 It assists the occupants with special needs.
 It reduces operational cost of a home.

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 Why Smart Homes?
Objectives
– Optimize inhabitant productivity
– Minimize operating costs
– Improve comfort
– Simplify use of technologies
– Ensure security
– Enhance accessibility
– Reduce overall energy consumption (main
objective of smart grid)
 Introduction

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Typical example of a smart home environment [2, 3].
 Home Automation and Smart Grid
• Home automation technologies are viewed as integral
additions to the smart grid.
• Communication between a home automation system and
the grid would allow applications like load shedding during
system peaks, or would allow the homeowner to
automatically defer energy use to periods of low grid cost.
• Green automation is the term coined to describe energy
management strategies in home automation when data
from smart grids is combined with home automation
systems to use resources at either their lowest prices or
highest availability,
• Demand response and AMI.
 Introduction

Major Areas of Application

 Home appliances: oven, fridge, … etc.

 Environment: lighting, HVAC, water,… etc.
 Health care: care for elderly and disable people.
 Entertainment: multimedia distribution.
 Security: person recognition, alarms, … etc.
 Information and communication: triple play services
(voice, video, and data)

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Major Areas of Application
Control TV, Garage Door,
anything you want!!

• Deadbolt Control
Major Areas of Application
Major Areas of Application
Major Areas of Application

• Feed and watch pets

• Water plants
– Interior and Exterior
• Presence Simulation
– Lighting, TV, anything – pre-
programmed schedule
Major Areas of Application

Programmed bath cycles

• Bathomatic DEMO
 Present Smart Home Scenarios

 It is drawing much attention in the area of health care.

It is considered as a promising solution for patient
monitoring, therapy delivering, and supporting disable
persons [5].
Some industrial projects (industrial automation) are
devised to combine smart home with green energy [6].
It is widely used for security, surveillance, and safety [7].
In doing so, it will reduce electricity consumption.

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Elements of a Smart Home:
 Communication Networks for Smart Home
 Wired/Wireless
 Intelligent control
 system management.

Automation
 relevant components and systems.
Communication Networks for Smart
Home

Typical architecture for smart home system [4].

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 Communication Networks for Smart Home

Candidate Networking Technologies:

Power Line (Example: X-10, HomePlug, …)
 Low installation cost.
 Only suitable for fixed application.

Wireless (Example: Bluetooth, Zigbee, WIFI…)

 Higher installation cost.
 Suitable for both mobile and fixed applications.

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 Powerline Networking
• Ubiquity of power lines
• 10+ Mbps
• Technologies
– X10
– Consumer Electronics Bus (CEBus)
– HomePlug
– LonWorks
 X10
• X10 controllers send signals over existing AC
wiring to receiver modules
• X10 technology transmits binary data using
the Amplitude Modulation (AM) technique
• www.x10.com
 X10
• To differentiate the data symbols, the carrier
uses the zero-voltage crossing point of the
60Hz AC sine wave on the cycle’s positive or
negative transition
• Synchronized receivers accept the carrier at
each zero-crossing point
• X10 uses two zero crossings to transmit a
binary digit so as to reduce errors
 X10
• Every bit requires a full 60 Hertz cycle and thus the
X10 transmission rate is limited to only 60 bps
• Usually a complete X10 command consists of two
packets with a 3 cycle gap between each packet
– Each packet contains two identical messages of 11 bits (or
11 cycles) each
– A complete X-10 command consumes 47 cycles that yields
a transmission time of about 0.8s
 Consumer Electronics Bus (CEBus)
• Open standard providing separate physical layer
specification for communication on power lines and
other media
– Electronic Industries Association (EIA-600)
– www.cebus.org
• Data packets are transmitted by the transceiver at
about 10 Kbps
• Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detect
(CSMA/CD)
• Employing spread spectrum technology (100Hz-400
Hz)
OSI and CEBus (EIA-600)
 Spread Spectrum Modulation
• Frequency spectrum of a data-signal is spread using a
code uncorrelated with that signal
• Sacrifices bandwidth to gain signal-to-noise
performance
 HomePlug
• HomePlug Powerline Alliance
– www.homeplug.org
• Spread-spectrum technology
 HomePlug
• Speed
– Support file transfers at 10BaseT-like rates
– Either node-to-node file transfer or scenarios with multiple
nodes performing simultaneous file transfers
– HomePlug 1.0 (14 Mbps)
• Voice over IP (VoIP)
– Maintain adequate QoS while supporting multiple,
simultaneous VoIP calls while other nodes are transferring
files and during multiple media streams
 HomePlug
• Interoperability
– Interoperate with other networking technologies
– Co-exist with existing powerline networking technologies
such as X-10, CEBus and LonWorks
• Security
– Contain strong privacy features
– Support multiple logical networks on a single physical
medium
– Be applicable to markets in North America, Europe and
Asia
 LonWorks
• Local Operation Networks (LonWorks)
• Developed by Echelon Corporation
– www.echelon.com
• Provides a peer-to-peer communication protocol,
implementing Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA)
techniques
• 1.25 Mbps
• Works for other wired and wireless media
 LonWorks
• A common message-based communications
protocol
• LonTalk protocol implements all seven layers
of the OSI model using a mixture of hardware
and firmware on a silicon chip
• Protocol can be run as fast as 20 MHz
 Powerline Network Issues
• Noise
– Switching power supplies
– Wound motors
• Vacuum cleaners, kitchen appliances, drills
– Dimmers
• Security
• Signal attenuation
 New Wire Networking
• Ethernet (coax, twisted pair, optical fiber)
• Universal Serial Bus (USB)
• IEEE 1394 Firewire
– Home Audio Video Interoperability (HAVi)
• Specialty: audio, video
 Communication Networks form Smart Home

Technology Transmission Medium Speed (seconds) Max Distance to Device

Ethernet Unshielded twisted pair 10 MB-10GB 100m

Optical Communication Optical Fiber 1GB-10GB 2km-15km

Wi-Fi Radio Frequency 11MB-248MB 30m-100m

Zigbee Radio Frequency 100m

Bluetooth Radio Frequency 1MB-10MB 10m-100m

HomePlug Electrical Wiring 14MB-200MB 200m

ITU Electrical Up to 1GB n/a

wiring/telephone
line/coax
USB Twisted pair 12MB-480MB 5m
 Communication Networks form Smart Home
Technology Z-Wave ZigBee HomePlug Ethernet Wi-Fi
Comm. Type Wireless Wireless Wired (PLC) Wired Wireless
Standard Type Proprietary IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE P1901 IEEE 802.3 IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n
Comm. Range 30m (outdoor) (10-100)m 300m 100m 100m (indoor)
<30m (indoor)

Data Rate 40Kbps 250Kbps (2.4GHz) 200Mbps 10 to 1000 11 to 300 Mbps

868 MHz (EU) and 40Kbps (915MHz) 14Mbps Mbps
908 MHz (US)
Security 128 bit Advanced 128 bit AES 56 bit Data Wi-Fi (Protected
Encryption Standard Encryption Encryption Standard Access) WPA2
(AES) Cryptography (DES) Cryptography

Properties IP support, Low power usage, Communication Relatively Wide support,

free from longer battery lifetime through existing simple, available with every
household and low cost powerline (low cost ) inexpensive, other device
interference, and low lower speed, IP noise immunity,
data rate support, Specialize cables

Topology Mesh Star, tree, mesh Bus Star, tree, mesh, Star, tree, mesh
bus, ring
Application in Home and Automation, sensing Automation using Use in wireless
Building and Home building’s lighting and control, for existing AC powerline computer communication within
Automation and automation residential, commercial for two-way networks (wired) home appliances and
and industrial sites communication computing devices
Elements of a Smart Home:
 Communication Networks for Smart Home
 Wired/Wireless
 Intelligent control
 system management.
 Automation
 relevant components and systems.
Intelligent Control
Research Issues
 Research Issues
 Integration and interoperability: smart home
will be integrated with different kind of
technologies to meet future demand.
 Privacy and secrecy (Cyber security ): as smart
home is connected to Internet.
 System complexity:
 Traffic management

 Bandwidth management

 Protocols issues

 Cost effectiveness:
 Reduce overall cost\

 Social Issues 37
 Research Issues

1. Integration and Interoperability

 Research Issues
2. Cyber Security
 Research Issues
3. System Complexity
Traffic Management
• If you need to connect up multiple devices and servers to
handle large flows of network traffic, then a star topology can
be a good approach to take; this involves using a central hub
with Ethernet and unshielded twisted pair cables to link up
devices on a point to point basis.
 Research Issues

Bandwidth Management:
 In future, Internet traffic intensity will be increased
severely due to smart home applications.

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 Research Issues
Protocol issues:
 New communication protocols are required to exchange information with
heterogeneous type of networks.

Needs Neutral
Protocol Power Line Radio-Frequency Available API? Open Source
Wire?

no (uses category-
C-Bus no yes yes no
5 UTP)

Zigbee no yes yes no no[citation needed]

ANTfarm no yes yes no no

Usually Z-wave
Z-Wave no yes yes no list that need
Neutral

Insteon yes yes yes no Usually

KNX yes yes yes no no[citation needed]

X10 yes yes yes no no

UPB yes no no no no
 Research Issues
Cost Effectiveness
• Again, you don’t want to spend more than you need to on
your smart home system
• The smart home system is worth the cost you spent
• Linear bus topologies, for example, can work well if you don’t
need a long set of cables, and can make it much easier to
create interface connections and a steady signal source.
• Bus topologies work best for small LANs.
 Research Issues
Social impact
• Smart home may have some impacts on society.
• For example some people might be isolated from society.
 Conclusion

 For human ease, comfort, convenience and accessibility

 Smart home deals with multiple aspects of life.
 Therefore, human perception is important for smart home
environment.
 There is no worldwide acceptable standards for smart home
implementations.
 It is not necessary to implement all the features of smart home
in every home.
 It should be implemented based on occupants’ need.

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Questions?

Dr. M. Tariq, EE530 Smart Grid, Lecture 12, Spring 2017

 References

[1] Smart home a definition: http://www.its-rtc.com

[2] J. Cheng and T. Kunz, “A Survey on Smart Home Networking,” TR-SCE-0910, Carleton
University, Sept. 2009.
[3] www.andproperties.com/smarthouse
[4] L. Ngo, “Service-oriented Architecture for Home Networks,” TKK T-110.5190 Seminar on
Internetworking, 2007.
[5] M. Chan, D. Esteve, C. Escriba, E. Campo, “A Review of Smart Homes- Present State and
Future Challenges,” Elsevier Journal of Comp. Met. and Prog. in Biom. Issuse 9, 2008, pp. 55-
81.
[6] www.smartideas.com
[7] M. Seaman, “Modelling and Implementation of Smart Homes,” NCL EECE MSD TR-2009-
148, New Castle University, 2009.
[8] www.platinumTV.co.uk
[9] www.smarthouseuae.com
[10] www.dom-iris.si

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