perfect tenses Cheat Sheet
by nimakarimian via cheatography.com/113429/cs/23765/
Present perfect/simple past Present perfect/simple past ADVERBS future perfect
1-when we talk about 1- when we want to before,for,r‐ before,for,recently,died , The future perfect is a verb tense used for
something that indicate that sth ecently,gone, ago , at...,last....,on..., actions that will be completed before some
happened in the past happened at a have...seen.., once,then,yesterday other point in the future.
but we dont know specific time.
“No, that won’t work! At eight o’clock I will
when exactly, Present perfect continuous
have left already,” she says.
perhaps we dont
we use the present perfect continuous to
know or its not
talk about a situation or activity that started What does the future perfect tell us here? It
imporrtant.
in the past and has been in progress for a tells us that Linda is going to leave for her
2-in present perfect 2- we use simple period until now. trip some time after right now, but before a
there's a connection past for situations certain point in the future (eight o’clock
sometimes we use present perfect
between past and its that existed for a tonight). She probably shouldn’t have
continuous with expressions that indicate
effect in present time. period of time in waited until the last minute to find a cat
the time period e.g with since and for.
the past but not sitter.
without such an expression the present
now.
perfect continuous refers to a recent
3- when we talk 3-if we are past perfect vs simple past
situation or activity abd focuses on its
about how long an interested in when we use past perfect to we use the
present results.
existing situation has a present situation talk about a past simple past
we often use present perfect continuous
lasted even if we dont began rather than situation or activity that rather than the
with HOW LONG ... ?
know a precise length HOW LONG it has took place before past perfect
of time -> present been going for we another past situation when we simple
Present perfect vs Present perfect
perfect. use simple past. or activity or before a talk about a
continuous
4- to say an action or 4- however we use particular time in the single activity or
we use both pp.con and pp for sth started in
event has been simple past to talk past. event in the past.
the past which affects the situation that
repeated a number of about how long sth
exists now the difference is that the pp.con
times up to now. went on for if the
focuses on the activity or ecent which may
event or action is
or may not be finished and pp however
no longer going on.
focuses on the effect of the activity or event
5- if sth happened in 5- if sth happened
or the fact that sth has been achieved.
recent past we use in the distant past
when we want to emphasize that a situation
present perfect. we use simple
has changed over a period of time up to
past.
now and may continue to change we prefer
6-for repeated 6- for repeated
the present perfect cont. to present perfect.
actions when we use actions when we
if we talk about a specific change over a
present perfect we use simple past we
period of time which ends now particularly
suggest that the suggest that the
to focus on the result of this change we use
action might happend action is unlikely to
present perfect
again. happen again
7-in news reports, often present perfect has
advantages over simple past.
By nimakarimian Published 18th July, 2020. Sponsored by CrosswordCheats.com
Last updated 18th July, 2020. Learn to solve cryptic crosswords!
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perfect tenses Cheat Sheet
by nimakarimian via cheatography.com/113429/cs/23765/
past perfect vs simple past (cont) future perfect continuous
we use when we use a time expressing he future perfect continuous, also
past e.g after a soon as .... to say hat sometimes called the future perfect progre‐
perfect one event happened after ssive, is a verb tense that describes actions
when we another we use either the past that will continue up until a point in the
say what simple or past perfect for the future. The future perfect continuous
we event that happend first and the consists of will + have + been + the verb’s
wanted past simple for the event that present participle (verb root + -ing).
or happened second. When we describe an action in the future
hoped to perfect continuous tense, we are projecting
do but ourselves forward in time and looking back
didnt. at the duration of that activity. The activity
when we give an account of a sequence of will have begun sometime in the past,
past events we usually put these event in present, or in the future, and is expected to
chronological order with the past simple if continue in the future.
we want to refer to an event out of order that When I turn thirty, I will have been
is it happened before the last event we have playing piano for twenty-one years.
talked about we use the present perfect
At five o’clock, I will have been waiting
1 emigrated to us 2 reforms had begun(out
for thirty minutes.
of order) 3 moved to us 4 had made fortune
In November, I will have been working at
(out of order)
my company for three years.
past perfect continuous vs past perfect
we use the past we use past perfect
perfect con. when con. to talk about
we talk about a continuity or duration
situation or activity of a situation or
that happened activity and the past
over a period up to perfect to talk about
a particular past the completion of a
time or until shortly situation or activity or
before it. its effects.
By nimakarimian Published 18th July, 2020. Sponsored by CrosswordCheats.com
Last updated 18th July, 2020. Learn to solve cryptic crosswords!
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