BS en 50588-1-2015+a1-2016 - (2020-07-24 - 07-18-58 Am)

BS EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
BSI Standards Publication
Medium power transformers

50 Hz, with highest voltage for
equipment not exceeding 36 kV
Part 1: General requirements
BS EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016 BRITISH STANDARD
National foreword
This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN
50588-1:2015+A1:2016. It supersedes BS EN 50464-1:2007+A1:
2012 and BS EN 50541-1:2011 which are withdrawn.
BSI, as a member of CENELEC, is obliged to publish
EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016 as a British Standard. However, attention
is drawn to the fact that during the development of this European
Standard the UK committee voted against its approval as a European
standard. The UK committee submitted a negative vote for the
following reasons:
a) This standard is not applicable to transformers for tram systems, which
have the same, or similar, operating characteristics to railways. The UK
committee is of the opinion that the relevant exclusion in clause 1 should
read ‘transformers and auto-transformers specifically designed for railway
and other traction feeding systems’.
b) The UK committee advises that the de-energised tapping range for
single-phase liquid immersed transformers with Sr ≤ 100 kVA should be ≤
7,5 % as this is the limit for pad-mounted transformers in the
United Kingdom.
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is
indicated in the text by tags. Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry
the number of the CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN
amendment A1 is indicated by .
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical
Committee PEL/14, Power Transformers.
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on
request to its secretary.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of
a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
© The British Standards Institution 2017.
Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017
ISBN 978 0 580 97536 3
ICS 29.180
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from
legal obligations.
This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards
Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2017.
Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication
Date Text affected
BS EN 50588-1:2015
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 50588-1

50588-1:2015+A1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM June 2015
ICS 29.180 Supersedes EN 50464-1:2007, EN 50541-1:2011
English Version
Medium power transformers 50 Hz, with highest voltage for

equipment not exceeding 36 kV - Part 1: General requirements
Transformateurs 50 Hz de moyenne puissance, de tension Mittelleistungstransformatoren 50 Hz, mit einer höchsten

la plus élevée pour le matériel ne dépassant pas 36 kV - Spannung für Betriebsmittel nicht über 36 kV - Teil 1:
Partie 1: Exigences générales Allgemeine Anforderungen
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2015-06-25. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization

Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2015 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN 50588-1:2015 E

BS EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
Contents
Foreword�� 4
1 Scope� �� 5
2 Normative references�� 6
3 Terms and definitions � �� 6
4 Environmental classes�� 8
5 Electrical characteristics�� 9
5.1 Highest voltages for equipment for winding with U m > 1,1 kV� �� 9
5.2 Rated voltage for winding with U m ≤ 1,1 kV�� 9
5.3 Tapping�� 9
5.4 Connection designations for three phase transformers�� 9
6 Load loss, no load loss, PEI, sound power level, short-circuit impedance�� 10
6.1 General�� 10
6.2 Transformers with rated power S r ≤ 3 150 kVA�� 11
6.2.1 General information�� 11
6.2.2 One winding with U m ≤ 24 kV and the other one with U m ≤ 1,1 kV � �� 12
6.2.3 Load loss and no load loss in case of other insulation level�� 14
6.2.4 Load loss and no load loss in case of dual voltage�� 14
6.2.5 Three winding transformers for PV applications � �� 15
6.3 Transformers with rated power 3 150 kVA < S r < 40 000 kVA�� 15
6.4 Transformers with special requirements�� 17
6.4.1 Rated power not included in the list� �� 17
6.4.2 Transformers equipped with tapping connections suitable for
operation while transformer is energised or on load and rated
power S r ≤ 3 150 kVA � �� 17
6.4.3 Liquid immersed pole mounted transformers�� 18
6.4.4 PEI values for single-phase liquid immersed transformers with
S r ≤ 100 kVA�� 19
7 Tolerances� �� 19
7.1 Tolerances during factory acceptance tests � �� 19
7.1.1 General�� 19
7.1.2 Transformers subject to maximum losses�� 19
7.1.3 Transformers subject to minimum PEI�� 19
7.2 Tolerances for Market surveillance � �� 19
7.2.1 Acceptance criteria�� 19
7.2.2 Transformers subjected to max losses�� 20
7.2.3 Transformers subjected to PEI�� 20
7.3 Uncertainties for market surveillance verification � �� 20
8 Rating plate � �� 21
9 Tests�� 21
9.1 Routine tests�� 21
9.2 Type tests�� 21
9.3 Special tests� �� 21
9.4 Special test for corrugated tank�� 21
9.4.1 General information�� 21
9.4.2 Temperature variation�� 22
2
BS EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
9.4.3 Sealing temperature�� 22

9.4.4 Calculation of the volume variation� �� 22
9.4.5 Test procedure � �� 22
9.5 Other technologies with level of no load loss AAA 0 � �� 23
10 Design requirements� �� 23
10.1 Liquid immersed transformers � �� 23
10.1.1 Type of liquid preservation system and degree of sealing�� 23
10.1.2 Terminal markings�� 23
10.1.3 Terminations�� 24
10.1.4 Distance between bushings�� 24
10.1.5 Rollers� �� 24
10.2 Dry-type transformers�� 24
10.2.1 Terminals � �� 24
10.2.2 Enclosure�� 24
11 Accessories � �� 25
11.1 Liquid immersed transformers � �� 25
11.2 Dry-type transformers�� 25
Annex A (informative) Calculation of PEI and k PEI � �� 27
A.1 Calculation of Peak Efficiency Index�� 27
A.2 Calculation of k PEI�� 27
Anne x ZZ (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the
requirements of Commission Regulation (EC) No 548/2014 of 21 May 2014 on
implementing Directive 2009/125/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
with regard to small, medium and large power transformers � �� 29
Bibliography� �� 32
3
BS EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
EN 50588-1:2015 (E)
BS EN 50588-1:2015
EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
Foreword
This document (EN 50588-1:2015) has been prepared by CLC/TC 14 "Power transformers".
The following dates are fixed:
- latest date by which this document has (dop) 2016-06-25

to be implemented at national level by
publication of an identical national
standard or by endorsement
- latest date by which the national (dow) 2018-06-25
standards conflicting with this
document have to be withdrawn
This document supersedes EN 50464-1:2007 and EN 50541-1:2011.
EN 50588-1:2015 includes the following significant technical changes with respect to

EN 50464-1:2007 and EN 50541-1:2011:
- both liquid filled and dry-type transformers are covered in the same document;
- the scope of applicability is extended in terms of rated power;
- new values of no load loss, load loss and sound power level for different values of rated
power are specified;
- for transformers having rated power above 3 150 kVA, the concept of Peak Efficiency Index
is introduced.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
of patent rights. CENELEC [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CENELEC by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports requirements of Commission
Regulation (EC).
For the relationship with requirements of Commission Regulation (EC) see informative Annex ZZ,
which is an integral part of this document.
Foreword to amendment A1
This document (EN 50588-1:2015/A1:2016) has been prepared by CLC/TC 14 "Power transformers".
The following dates are fixed:
- latest date by which this document has to be (dop) 2017-05-23

implemented at national level by publication of
an identical national standard or by
endorsement
- latest date by which the national standards (dow) 2019-05-23
conflicting with this document have to
be withdrawn
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CENELEC [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CENELEC by the European Commission and
the European Free Trade Association, and supports requirements of Commission Regulation (EU).
For the relationship with Commission Regulation (EU) see informative Annex ZZ, which is an integral part of
EN
4 50588-1:2015.
4
BS EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
EN 50588-1:2015 (E)
BS EN 50588-1:2015
EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
1 Scope
This European Standard covers medium power transformers. ‘Medium power transformer’ means a
power transformer with a highest voltage for equipment higher than 1,1 kV, but not exceeding 36 kV
and a rated power equal to or higher than 5 kVA but lower than 40 MVA.
National practices may require the use of highest voltages for equipment up to (but not including)
52 kV, when the rated voltage is less than 36 kV (such as Um = 38,5 kV or Um = 40,5 kV). This is
considered to be an unusual case of a large power transformer, where the requirements are those
for a medium power transformer with Um = 36 kV.
NOTE 1 ‘Large power transformer’ means a power transformer with a highest voltage for equipment
exceeding 36 kV and a rated power equal or higher than 5 kVA, or a rated power equal to or higher than
40 MVA regardless of the highest voltage for equipment. Large power transformers are in the scope of
EN 50629.
NOTE 2 Transformers with tap changer (DETC or OLTC) are included in this European Standard even if
they have separate tapping winding.
The object of this European Standard is to set up requirements related to electrical characteristics
and design of medium power transformers.
The following transformers are excluded from this European Standard:
- instrument transformers, specifically designed to supply measuring instruments, meters,

relays and other similar apparatus;
- transformers with low-voltage windings specifically designed for use with rectifiers to
provide a DC supply;
- transformers specifically designed to be directly connected to a furnace;
- transformers specifically designed for offshore applications and floating offshore
applications;
- transformers specially designed for emergency installations;
- transformers and auto-transformers specifically designed for railway feeding systems;
- earthing or grounding transformers, this is, three-phase transformers intended to provide a
neutral point for system grounding purposes;
- traction transformers mounted on rolling stock, this is, transformers connected to an AC or
DC contact line, directly or through a converter, used in fixed installations of railway
applications;
- starting transformers, specifically designed for starting three-phase induction motors so as
to eliminate supply voltage dips;
- testing transformers, specifically designed to be used in a circuit to produce a specific
voltage or current for the purpose of testing electrical equipment;
- welding transformers, specifically designed for use in arc welding equipment or resistance
welding equipment;
- transformers specifically designed for explosion-proof and underground mining applications,
- transformers specifically designed for deep water (submerged) applications;
- medium Voltage (MV) to Medium Voltage (MV) interface transformers up to 5 MVA;
- large power transformers where it is demonstrated that for a particular application,
technically feasible alternatives are not available to meet the minimum efficiency
requirements set out by the commission regulation (EU) No 548/2014;
- large power transformers which are like for like replacements in the same physical
location/installation for existing large power transformers, where this replacement cannot be
achieved without entailing disproportionate costs associated to their transportation and/or
installation.
In case one of the last two exclusions is claimed, this should be documented at the signature of the
contract with a declaration made by the customer.
5
BS EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
EN 50588-1:2015 (E)
BS EN 50588-1:2015
NOTE 3 This standard covers the transformers under the Commission Regulation (EU) No. 548/2014 and
gives additional specific guidance for single phase transformers, multi winding transformers and for transformers
with OF or OD cooling systems, necessary for the correct application of energy efficiency requirements to these
categories of transformers.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 50180 Bushings above 1 kV up to 52 kV and from 250 A to 3,15 kA for liquid

filled transformers — Part 1: General requirements for bushings
EN 50181 Plug-in type bushings above 1 kV up to 52 kV and from 250 A to 2,50 kA

for equipment other than liquid filled transformers
EN 50216 (all parts) Power transformer and reactor fittings
EN 50386 Bushings up to 1 kV and from 250 A to 5 kA, for liquid filled transformers
EN 50387 Busbar bushings up to 1 kV and from 1,25 kA to 5 kA, for liquid filled
transformers
EN 50464-4 Three-phase oil-immersed distribution transformers 50 Hz, from 50 kVA to

2 500 kVA with highest voltage for equipment not exceeding 36 kV — Part
4: Requirements and tests concerning pressurised corrugated tanks
EN 60076 (all parts) Power transformers (IEC 60076, all parts)
EN 60076-19 Power transformers — Part 19: Rules for the determination of

uncertainties in the measurement of the losses on power transformers and
reactors (IEC/TS 60076-19)
EN 60085 Electrical insulation — Thermal evaluation and designation
EN 60505 Evaluation and qualification of electrical insulation systems (IEC 60505)
EN 61100 Classification of insulating liquids according to fire point and net calorific
value (IEC 61100)
IEC/TR 60616 Terminal and tapping markings for power transformers
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 60076-1:2011 and the
following apply.
3.1
load factor
k
ratio of actual input current over the rated current of transformer where the actual current and rated
current are constant over time
Note 1 to entry: Normally 0 ≤ k ≤ 1.
3.2
transmitted apparent power
kSr
product of the load factor and the rated power
6
3.1
load factor
k BS EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
EN actual
ratio of actual input current over the rated current of transformer where the 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
current and rated
current are constant over time
Note 1 to entry: Normally 0 ≤ k ≤ 1.
3.2 EN 50588-1:2015 (E)

BS EN 50588-1:2015
transmitted apparent power
kSr
product of the load factor and the rated power
3.3
Efficiency Index
EI
6
ratio of the transmitted apparent power of a transformer minus electrical losses to the transmitted
apparent power of the transformer
3.4
Peak Efficiency Index
PEI
highest value of efficiency index that can be achieved at the optimum value of load factor
Note 1 to entry: See Annex A for derivation.
3.5
load factor of Peak Efficiency Index
kPEI
load factor at which Peak Efficiency Index occurs
3.6
declared value
regulatory value given in Clause 6 which is to be used for market surveillance activities
Note 1 to entry: Declared values and guaranteed values according to EN 60076-1 are two different concepts.
Guaranteed values are related to contract, whereas declared values are related to compliance verifications with
COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 548/2014.
3.7
4excluded
Environmental
transformersclasses
3.7.1
Classification of insulating liquids according to fire point and net calorific value is given in EN 61100.
instrument
Climatic, transformer and fire behaviour classes for dry–type transformers are defined in
environmental
transformer
EN 60076-11.as defined in section 3.1.1 of EN 61869-1:2009, even if it supplies energy for the operation
of connected equipment
5NoteElectrical characteristics
1 to entry: The difference between the definition in Regulation 548/2014 and the CENELEC one is in the
use of the word ‘supply’ rather than ‘transmit an information signal’.
5.1 Highest voltages for equipment for winding with Um > 1,1 kV
3.7.2
transformer
Insulation with
levels andlow-voltage windings
dielectric test shall bespecifically designed
in accordance with thefor use with rectifiers
requirements to provide
of EN 60076-3.
a DC supply
transformer
The values ofspecifically
the highest designed
voltage Uandfor
intended to supply
equipment are: power electronic or rectifier loads specified
m
according to EN 61378-1
3,6 kV–
Note 1 to entry: This definition 7,2transformers
covers kV – 12 kV designed
– 17,5 kVfor– use
24 kV
with– rectifiers
36 kV to provide a DC supply in
certain applications.
NOTE National practices may require the use of highest voltages for equipment up to (but not including) 52 kV, when the
Note voltage
rated 2 to entry: The 36
is less than term
kV “low-voltage
(such as Um = winding”
38,5 kV orrefers to the
Um = 40,5 kV).winding having the lowest rated voltage as per
EN 60076-1, whatever its voltage level.
Note 3 to entry: This definition does not include:

5.2 Rated voltage for winding with Um ≤ 1,1 kV
- transformers which are intended to provide AC from DC sources such as transformers for wind turbine and
Forphoto
Um ≤voltaic
1,1 kVapplications;
the preferred rated voltage value shall be chosen in the hereunder list:
- transformers designed for DC transmission and distribution applications.
400 V – 410 V – 415 V – 420 V – 433 V – 690 V
NOTE This document may be applied either as a whole or in part, to transformers with rated low voltages
7
below 400 V and above 690 V.
BS EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
Therefore, they are part of the scope of this standard and shall comply with Commission Regulation
(EU) No. 548/2014.
3.7.3
transformers specifically designed for offshore applications and floating offshore
applications
transformer to be installed on fixed or floating offshore platforms, offshore wind turbines or on board
of ships and all kind of vessels
3.7.4
transformers specially designed for emergency installations
transformer designed only to provide cover for a specific time limited situation when the normal power
supply is interrupted either due to an unplanned occurrence such as failure or a station refurbishment,
but not to permanently upgrade an existing substation
Note 1 to entry: Such transformer could have some specific features that make it suitable for emergency or
temporary use as opposed to normal use. Example of some specific features:
- multiple windings making it suitable for use at several locations;
- special low weight or dimensions for easy transport, or special capability to be disassembled intoEN
EN 50588-1:2015
BS smaller units
(E)
50588-1:2015
for transport;
- increased overload capability achieved by the use of special materials;
- permanent mounting on a transporter arrangement.

3.3
3.7.5
Efficiency Index
transformers and auto-transformers specifically designed for railway feeding systems
EI
transformer
ratio as defined in
of the transmitted EN 50329
apparent power of a transformer minus electrical losses to the transmitted
apparent power of the transformer
3.7.6
earthing or grounding transformers, this is, three-phase transformers intended to provide a
3.4
neutral point for system grounding purposes
Peak Efficiency Index
transformer as defined in paragraph 3.1.10 of EN 60076-6:2008
PEI
highest
3.7.7 value of efficiency index that can be achieved at the optimum value of load factor
traction transformer
Note 1 to entry:
transformer See Annex
installed A for of
on board derivation.
rolling stock inserted in the traction and auxiliary circuits of rolling
stock and in the scope of EN 60310
3.5
load
3.7.8factor of Peak Efficiency Index
kstarting
PEI transformers, specifically designed for starting three-phase induction motors so as
load factor at supply
to eliminate which Peak Efficiency
voltage dips Index occurs
transformer that is de energized during normal operation, used for the purpose of starting a rotating
machine
3.6
3.7.9
declared value (MV) to Medium Voltage (MV) interface transformers up to 5 MVA
Medium Voltage
regulatory
transformervalue
usedgiven in Clause
in network 6 which
voltage is to be used
conversion for market
program surveillance
and placed at the activities
junction between two
voltage levels of two MV networks and which needs to be able to cope with emergency overloads
Note 1 to entry: Declared values and guaranteed values according to EN 60076-1 are two different concepts.
Note 1 to entry:
Guaranteed valuesSuch units may
are related or maybe
to contract, not part
whereas of a packaged
declared values arecompact
related tosubstation
complianceincluding also with
verifications MV
Reclosers and protection
COMMISSION REGULATIONequipment.
(EU) No548/2014.
4 Environmental classes
Climatic, environmental and fire behaviour classes for dry–type transformers are defined in
EN 60076-11.
5 Electrical characteristics
8
4 Environmental classes BS EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
Climatic, environmental and fire behaviour classes for dry–type transformers are defined in
EN 60076-11.
5 Electrical characteristics
Insulation levels and dielectric test shall be in accordance with the requirements of EN 60076-3.
The values of the highest voltage Um for equipment are:
3,6 kV– 7,2 kV – 12 kV – 17,5 kV – 24 kV – 36 kV
NOTE National practices may require the use of highest voltages for equipment up to (but not including) 52 kV, when the
rated voltage is less than 36 kV (such as Um = 38,5 kV or Um = 40,5 kV).
5.2 Rated voltage for winding with Um ≤ 1,1 kV
For Um ≤ 1,1 kV the preferred rated voltage value shall be chosen in the hereunder list:
EN 50588-1:2015 (E) 400 V – 410 V – 415 V – 420 V – 433 V – 690 V

BS EN 50588-1:2015
NOTE This document may be applied either as a whole or in part, to transformers with rated low voltages
below 400 V and above 690 V.
The values for short duration power frequency withstand and/or for the lightning impulse withstand
7
test between windings and earth need to be stated by the purchaser. The most usual values are
respectively 10 kV and 30 kV.
5.3 Tapping
Taps can be provided with DETC or OLTC devices:
- DETC: De-energised tap changer

- OLTC: On load tap changer
For DETC the preferred tapping ranges are ± 2,5 % with 3 tap positions and ± 2 x 2,5 % with 5 tap
positions. On special request ± 4 x 2,5 % with 9 tap positions can be provided. Tapping ranges
greater than ± 10 % or with more than 9 tap positions are unusual and subject to specific
agreement.
For transformer equipped with OLTC the tapping range shall be smaller than ± 15 % with a
maximum of 17 tap positions. Tapping ranges greater than ± 15 % or with more than 17 tap
positions are unusual and subject to specific agreement.
Tapping ranges outside the above definitions have to be specified by agreement between
manufacturer and purchaser.
5.4 Connection designations for three phase transformers
Preferred connection designations, following IEV [421-10-09], shall be in accordance with the
provisions of Table 1.
Table 1 — Connections
Sr ≤ 100 kVA 100 kVA < Sr < 5 000 kVA Sr ≥ 5 000 kVA
Yzn or Dyn Dyn YNd or Dyn or YNyn
The clock hour figure should be 5 or 11 for Dyn or Yzn and 0 for Yy.
9
Connections and clock hour figure shall be specified by the purchaser preferably amongst the
choice given above.
Tapping ranges outside the above definitions have to be specified by agreement between
BS EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
5.4 Connection designations
Yzn or Dyn for threeDyn YNd or Dyn or YNyn
phase transformers
Preferred connection designations, following IEV [421-10-09], shall be in accordance with the
provisions of Table 1.
Connections and clock hour figure shall be specified by the purchaser preferably amongst the
choice given above.
6 Yzn
Load loss, noorload
Dyn loss, PEI, sound YNdshort-circuit
Dyn power level, or Dyn or YNyn
impedance
6.1 General
The following tables give the maximum level of losses for single phase transformers with a rated
power Sr ≤ 100kVA,
Connections for three
and clock hour phase
figure transformers with aby
shall be specified rated
the power Sr ≤ 3preferably
purchaser 150 kVA and minimum
amongst the
Peak
choice Efficiency
given above.Index for three phase transformers with rated power Sr > 3 150 kVA and
Sr < 40 000 kVA.
The
6 losses values
If different
Load and
loss,Peak
of Efficiency
noapparent
load loss, Index
power classes
are
PEI, remain
assigned
sound the same
under
power for circumstances,
different
level, all highest voltage
short-circuit for for equipment
example,
impedance with
values
different m) regardless
(Umethods of the(ONAN/ONAF,
of cooling additional loss AN/AF,
corrections specified
etc…), in 6.2.3
all values mustand
be 6.2.4.
reported on the rating
plateGeneral
6.1 and the highest of these values is the rated power. This applies also in case a provision for a
Description
future valueand requirements
of apparent powerforis special cases
made (for are given
example in ONAF,
future 6.4. future AF, etc…).
The following tables give the maximum level of losses for single phase transformers with a rated
Any evaluation of losses shall be done on continuous rated power as stated in EN 60076-1. If
power Sr ≤ 100kVA, for three phase transformers with a rated power Sr ≤ 3 150 kVA and minimum
additional cooling system such as fans or pumps… are used only for temporary overload conditions
Peak Efficiency Index for three phase transformers with rated power S > 3 150 kVA and
8and not for continuous rating, then such overloading rating cannot be claimed tor be as rated power
Sand
r < 40 000
then notkVA.
mentioned on the rating plate.
The EN 50588-1:2015 (E)BS EN 50588-1:2015
The losses
losses and
and Peak
Peak Efficiency
Efficiency Index
Index classes
classes remain
remain the
the same
same for
for all
all highest
highest voltage
voltage for equipment
for equipment
values
. (Um) regardless of the additional loss corrections specified in 6.2.3 and 6.2.4.
EN 50588-1:2015 (E)
BS EN 50588-1:2015
Description and requirements for special cases are given in 6.4.
Several classes of losses are defined in this standard with a ranking of efficiency for no load loss
and for load loss. The most efficient class for no load loss is class AAA0, then AA0, then A0. For load
loss the same logic is used with the most efficient class is Ak, then Bk, then Ck.
8
Several classes of losses are defined in this standard with a ranking of efficiency for no load loss
and
The for
The load
loss
names loss.
of the The
classes loss most
correspondefficient
classes to
aretheclass
the for for
values
same no load
all of loss
measured is class
theduring
highest AAA
thevoltage0, then
factory AA0, then A
foracceptance
equipment 0. For
test
values load
without
(U m)
loss the same
any tolerances. logic
 is used with the most efficient class is A , then
whatever the corrections done on the values described in the following clauses.
k B k , then C k .
The
Othernames
valuesof of
theshort-circuit
loss classesimpedance
are the same
canforbeallspecified
of the highest
by thevoltage for equipment
purchaser values
for particular (Um)
system
whatever the corrections
service conditions, e.g. indone on the
the case values described
of parallel operationsininthe
all following
tables of clauses.
this clause.
Other values
The sound of short-circuit
power levels, givenimpedance can inbeClause
in the tables specified by preferred
6 are the purchaser for particular
and maximum system
values. The
service conditions,
sound power levelse.g.
caninbe
thespecified
case of parallel operationsorinby
by the purchaser allagreement
tables of this clause.manufacturer and
between
purchaser for different values.
The sound power levels, given in the tables in Clause 6 are preferred and maximum values. The
sound power
For liquid levels can
immersed be specified
transformer and by
for the purchaser
dry-type or by agreement
transformer, load loss, between manufacturer
Peak Efficiency Index and
purchaser
short circuitfor different values.
impedance shall be given at the reference temperature defined in EN 60076-1.
For calculate
To liquid immersed transformer
and to compare theand
PeakforEfficiency
dry-type transformer,
Index and the load
loadloss, Peak
loss Efficiency
of different Index and
transformers
shortcorrect
the circuit reference
impedancetemperature
shall be given at the
shall reference
be taken temperature
according to theirdefined in EN
insulation 60076-1.
system temperature
(see EN 60076-1:2011, 11.1.1).
More
To specifically:
calculate and to compare the Peak Efficiency Index and the load loss of different transformers
the correct
The reference
insulation materials temperature shall be taken
used in transformer according
shall have to their insulation
an insulation system temperature
system temperature according
a) ENThe
(see
to EN reference
and ENtemperature
60076-1:2011,
60085 and inforcompliance
11.1.1).
60505 liquid immersed
with the transformers
temperature rise with limits
ratedforaverage winding
the transformer
temperature
according rise less EN
to EN 60076-2, than60076-11
or equal and
to 65ENK for OF or ON, or 70 K for OD is 75 °C;
60076-14.
The insulation materials used in transformer shall have an insulation system temperature according
to
b) EN
The 60085
For and EN
transformers
symbols used are:60505 andrated
with other in compliance with thetemperature
average winding temperaturerise,risethe
limits for the temperature
reference transformer
according to EN
is equal 60076-2,
to the EN 60076-11
rated average andtemperature
winding EN 60076-14. rise + 20 °C, or rated winding temperature
P0: norise +
loadyearly
loss atexternal coolingand
rated voltage medium average temperature,
rated frequency, on the ratedwhichever
tap accordingis higher.
to EN 60076-1;
The symbols used are:
Pk: load loss at rated current and rated frequency on the rated tap corrected to reference
P0: no load loss
temperature at ratedtovoltage
according and rated frequency, on the rated tap according to EN 60076-1;
EN 60076-1;
10
P
L k: :load
WA loss atsound
A weighted ratedpower
current and
level rated frequency
of transformers on the
according rated
to EN tap corrected to reference
60076-10.
temperature according to EN 60076-1;
6.2 Transformers with rated power S ≤ 3 150 kVA
and for load loss. The most efficient class for no load loss is class AAA0, then AA0, then A0. For load
loss thevalues
Other same of logic is used with
short-circuit the most efficient
impedance can be class is Ak,by
specified then
theBpurchaser
k, then Ck. for particular system
service conditions, e.g. in the case of parallel operations in all tables BS ENclause.
of this 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
The names of the loss classes are the same for all of the highest voltage for50588-1:2015+A1:2016
EN equipment values (Um)
The sound
whatever thepower levels,done
corrections givenoninthethevalues
tablesdescribed
in Clausein6the arefollowing
preferred and maximum values. The
clauses.
sound power levels can be specified by the purchaser or by agreement between manufacturer and
purchaser
Other for different
values values.impedance can be specified by the purchaser for particular system
of short-circuit
service conditions, e.g. in the case of parallel operations in all tables of this clause.
For liquid immersed
If a purchaser needstransformer
to compare and for dry-type
transformer with transformer, load loss,
different insulation Peakand
systems Efficiency Index
different and
average
short
winding
The circuit
sound impedance
temperature
power shall
rises,
levels, bereference
the
given given
in the attables
the reference
temperature
in Clause temperature
should defined
6 arebepreferred
according in b)
to
and ENabove.
60076-1.
maximum values. The
sound power levels can be specified by the purchaser or by agreement between manufacturer and
To calculate
purchaser forand to compare
different values. the Peak Efficiency Index and the load loss of different transformers
the correct reference temperature shall be taken according to their insulation system temperature
(seeliquid
For EN 60076-1:2011, 11.1.1). and for dry-type transformer, load loss, Peak Efficiency Index and
immersed transformer
short circuit impedance shall be given at the reference temperature defined in EN 60076-1.
to EN
To 60085 and
calculate and toENcompare
60505 and the in compliance
Peak Efficiencywith the and
Index temperature
the load rise
loss limits for thetransformers
of different transformer
according
the correcttoreference
EN 60076-2, EN 60076-11
temperature shall and EN 60076-14.
be taken according to their insulation system temperature
(see EN 60076-1:2011, 11.1.1).
The symbols used are:
P0:EN
to no 60085
load lossandat EN
rated voltage
60505 andand rated frequency,
in compliance on the
with the rated tap according
temperature rise limits to
forENthe60076-1;
transformer
according to EN 60076-2, EN 60076-11 and EN 60076-14.
Pk: load loss at rated current and rated frequency on the rated tap corrected to reference
temperature
The symbolsaccording
used are: to EN 60076-1;
L
PWA : A load
0: no weighted sound
loss at ratedpower level
voltage andofrated
transformers according
frequency, to ENtap
on the rated 60076-10.
according to EN 60076-1;
6.2
Pk: Transformers
NOTE
load Loss
loss levels with
at rated rated power
and correction
current factors
and ratedr ≤ frequency
3 150
Sdefined kVAon the
in paragraphs 6.2rated
and 6.4
taprefer to two winding
corrected medium
to reference
power transformers.
temperature Losstolevels
according for three winding medium power transformers are not defined due to lack of
EN 60076-1;
data at the time of the publication of this standard. PEI definition for three winding transformers with rated
6.2.1 General
power 3 150 kVA <information
Sr < 40 000 kVA is given in paragraph 6.3.
LWA: A weighted sound power level of transformers according to EN 60076-10.
Figure 1 indicates clauses to be chosen according to the highest voltage for equipment values Um
6.2 Transformers
on the primary and on with rated power
the secondary Sr ≤ 3 150 kVA
windings.
6.2.1 General information
Figure 1 indicates clauses to be chosen according to the highest voltage for equipment values Um
on the primary and on the secondary windings.
Figure 1 — Choice of clauses according to the highest voltage for equipment values U m
Numbering into brackets are the references to the lines of Table 5.

9
EN 50588-1:2015 (E)
BS EN 50588-1:2015
Figure 1 — Choice of clauses according to the highest voltage for equipment values U m
Numbering into brackets are the references to the lines of Table 5.

9
The level of losses shall be matched to the highest voltage for equipment (Um) according to
Figure 1.
NOTE Higher insulation levels are usually associated with higher clearance which in turn involves higher
level of losses.
6.2.2 One winding with Um ≤ 24 kV and the other one with Um ≤ 1,1 kV
The following tables are defined for step down or step up transformer with one winding with
Um ≤ 24 kV and the other one with Um ≤ 1,1 kV.
11
Table 2 and Table 3 are for liquid immersed transformers and Table 4 for dry-type transformers.
BS EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
The level of losses shall be matched to the highest voltage for equipment (Um) according to
EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
Figure 1.
NOTE Higher insulation levels are usually associated with higher clearance which in turn involves higher
level of losses.
6.2.2 One winding with Um ≤ 24 kV and the other one with Um ≤ 1,1 kV
The following tables are defined for step down or step up transformer with one winding with
Um ≤ 24 kV and the other one with Um ≤ 1,1 kV.
Table 2 and Table 3 are for liquid immersed transformers and Table 4 for dry-type transformers.
For the transformers AAA0 see special requirements in 9.5.
Table 2 — No load loss (P0) and sound power level for liquid immersed transformers
Rated AAA0 AA0 LWA A0 LWA

power
kVA W W dB(A) W dB(A)
≤ 25 35 63 36 70 37
50 45 81 38 90 39
100 75 130 40 145 41
160 105 189 43 210 44
250 150 270 46 300 47
315 180 324 48 360 49
400 220 387 49 430 50
500 260 459 50 510 51
630 300 540 51 600 52
800 330 585 52 650 53
1000 390 693 54 770 55
1250 480 855 55 950 56
1600 600 1080 57 1200 58
2000 730 1305 59 1450 60
2500 880 1575 62 1750 63
3150 1100 1980 63 2200 64
The sound power level LWA for transformers AAA0 has to be agreed between manufacturer and
purchaser.
10
12
BS EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
EN 50588-1:2015 (E)
BS EN 50588-1:2015
EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
Table 3 — Load loss (Pk) and short circuit impedance for liquid immersed transformers
Rated power Ak Bk Ck Short-circuit Impedance

kVA W W W %
≤ 25 600 725 900 4
50 750 875 1100 4
100 1250 1475 1750 4
160 1750 2000 2350 4
250 2350 2750 3250 4
315 2800 3250 3900 4
400 3250 3850 4600 4
500 3900 4600 5500 4
630 4600 5400 6500 4 or 6
800 6000 7000 8400 6
1000 7600 9000 10500 6
1250 9500 11000 6
1600 12000 14000 6
2000 15000 18000 6
2500 18500 22000 6
3150 23000 27500 6
Table 4 — Losses, short circuit impedance and sound power levels for dry-type
transformers
Rated power Pk P0 P0 LWA Short-circuit
Impedance
Ak Bk AAA0 AA0 A0
kVA W W W W dB (A) W dB (A) %
≤ 50 1500 1700 115 180 48 200 49 6

100 1800 2050 160 252 50 280 51 6
160 2600 2900 230 360 53 400 54 6
250 3400 3800 300 468 56 520 57 6
400 4500 5500 430 675 59 750 60 6
630 7100 7600 630 990 61 1100 62 6
800 8000 750 1170 63 1300 64 6
1000 9000 890 1395 64 1550 65 6
1250 11000 1035 1620 66 1800 67 6
1600 13000 1265 1980 67 2200 68 6
2000 16000 1495 2340 69 2600 70 6
2500 19000 1780 2790 70 3100 71 6
3150 22000 2185 3420 73 3800 74 6
11
13
EN 50588-1:2015
BS EN 50588-1:2015
BS EN (E)
50588-1:2015+A1:2016
EN 50588-1:2015 (E)
BS EN 50588-1:2015
EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
Transformers can be requested and offered with sound power level LWA other than the listed values.
purchaser.
NOTE Some cells in Table 4 are empty because these combinations are not covered according the
The sound
European power level
Regulation LWA foroftransformers
No 548/2014 May 21, 2014.AAA0 has to be agreed between manufacturer and
purchaser.
purchaser.
6.2.3 Load loss and no load loss in case of other insulation level
NOTE Some cells in Table 4 are empty because these combinations are not covered according the
NOTE Some cells
European Regulation Noin Table 4ofare
548/2014 Mayempty because these combinations are not covered according the
21, 2014.
The level Regulation
European of losses given in 6.2.2of shall
No 548/2014 be 2014.
May 21, weighted by the correction factors given in Table 5 below,
in order Load
6.2.3 to takeloss careand
of variations
no load loss related to theofhighest
in case voltage for level
other insulation equipment values.
6.2.3 Load loss and no load loss in case of other insulation level
Table 5 — Correction of load loss and no load loss in case other insulation level
The level of losses given in 6.2.2 shall be weighted by the correction factors given in Table 5 below,
The
in leveltooftake
order losses
caregiven in 6.2.2 related
of variations shall betoweighted
the highest by the correction
voltage factors given
for equipment values. in Table 5 below,
inRef
order highest
to take care of variations
voltage for equipment relatedCorrection
to the highest voltage
of load forand
loss equipment
no loadvalues.
loss
Table values.
5 — Correction of load loss and no load loss in case other insulation level
Table 5 — Correction of load loss and no load loss in case other insulation level
1 One winding with The maximum levels of losses indicated in Table 2, Table 3
Ref 1,1 highestkV <voltage
Um ≤ 24forkVequipment
and the and Correction
Table 4of canloadbe loss and no
increased byload
10 %loss for no load loss and
Ref other
highest voltage for equipment
values. with by Correction
10 % for loadof load loss and no load loss
loss.
values.
1,1 kV < Um ≤ 24 kV
1 One winding with The maximum levels of losses indicated in Table 2, Table 3
1
2 One
1,1 kV < Umwinding≤ 24 kV and with the The maximum
and Table 4 can levels of losses by
be increased indicated
10 % for in no
Tableload2,loss
Tableand 3
1,1kV
24
other kV<<UUmm≤≤36 24kVkV andand withthe by and10Table
% for4loadcan loss.
be increased by 10 15 % for no load loss and
other
1,1 kVwith < UUmm ≤ ≤241,1
kVkV with by 10 10 % %forforload
loadloss.
loss and short circuit impedance unless
1,1 kV < Um ≤ 24 kV otherwise specified should be increased by adding a value
2 One winding with of The0,5maximum
%. levels of losses indicated in Table 2, Table 3
2 One
24 kV < Umwinding≤ 36 kV and with the The maximum
and Table 4 can levels of losses by
15 % for in no
Tableload2,loss
Tableand 3
3 24 kVwith
other
One < UmUwinding
≤m 36 kVkVand with
≤ 1,1 the by and10
The Table
maximum
% for 4 can beloss
levels
load increased
of and
losses by 15
indicated
short % for
circuit in no
Tableload2,loss
impedance Tableand
unless 3
other
24 kVwith ≤ 1,1
< UmU≤m 36 kVkVand the and by 10 % for
Table
otherwise loadbeloss
4 can
specified and be
increased
should short
by circuit
20
increased% for impedance
bynoadding aunless
load loss and
value
other with Um > 1,1 kV otherwise
by 15 %.
of 0,5 % for specified
load loss should
and be increased
short by adding aunless
circuit impedance value
of 0,5 %. specified should be increased by adding a value
otherwise
3 One winding with of The0,5maximum
%. levels of losses indicated in Table 2, Table 3
3 One
24 kV < Umwinding
≤ 36 kV and with the and The Table
maximum 4 can levels of losses by
20 % for in no
Tableload2,loss
Tableand 3
24 kVwith
other < UmU≤m 36 kV kVand the by
> 1,1 and15 Table
% for 4 can
loadbelossincreased
and short by 20 % for
circuit no load loss
impedance and
unless
6.2.4 other
Load with lossUandm > no
1,1 load
kV loss in by case15of%dual
otherwise for voltage
load
specified loss and be
should short circuit impedance
increased by adding aunless value
otherwise
of 0,5 %. specified should be increased by adding a value
The level of losses given in 6.2.2 shall be ofweighted
0,5 %. by the correction factors given in Table 6 below,
in order to take care of variations
6.2.4 Load loss and no load loss in case related to dualof voltage
dual voltage windings.
6.2.4 Load loss and no load loss in case of dual voltage
For
The transformer
level of losses having
giveninsulation levelbe
in 6.2.2 shall according
weightedtobyTable 5 and having
the correction dual
factors voltage
given in Tableaccording
6 below,to
Table
The 6 the
level of loss level
losses shall
given in take
6.2.2 into account
shall be both
weighted
in order to take care of variations related to dual voltage windings. corrections.
by the correction factors given in Table 6 below,
in order to take care of variations related to dual voltage windings.
Table 6 — Correction of load loss and no load loss in case of dual voltage
For transformer having insulation level according to Table 5 and having dual voltage according to
For
Tabletransformer
Text deleted
6 the loss having
level insulation
shall take intolevel
account according to Table 5 and having dual voltage according to
both corrections.
Table
Ref 6 the
Dual loss level shall
voltage take into
Correction of account
load loss both
and corrections.
no load loss
A One winding In case of transformers with one high-voltage winding and two voltages
Ref Dual voltage Correction
available fromof load
tapped loss and no load
low-voltage loss losses shall be calculated based
winding,
Ref Dual voltage Correction
on the higher of load loss andand
low-voltage no loadshallloss
comply with the levels indicated in
Table 2, Table 3 and Table 4.
A One winding In case of transformers with one high-voltage winding and two voltages
A One winding The
In casemaximum
available of
from available
transformers power
with on
tapped low-voltage onethe lower losses
low-voltage
high-voltage
winding, shall on
winding beandsuch transformers
two
calculated voltages
based
shall
on be no
available
the more
from
higher than 0,85
tapped
low-voltage times
and its
low-voltage rated
winding,
shall power.
comply losses withshall
the be calculated
levels based
indicated in
on case
In
Table the2, higher 3low-voltage
of transformers
Table and Tablewith 4.andone shall comply with
high-voltage the levels
winding with two indicated
voltages in
Table
available2, Table
The maximum from a 3 and
tap, Table
available thepower4. on the
maximum available power on the
lower low-voltage on lower high-voltage
such transformers
on
The such
shall transformer
maximum
be no more thanshall
available betimes
power
0,85 limited
onitstheto 0,85power.
lower
rated oflow-voltage
its nominalon ratedsuchpower.
transformers
shall
In thebe no
case morewhere than 0,85
the times
full its
rated rated
powerpower. is
In case of transformers with one high-voltage winding with two voltages available regardless of the
combination
In case of of voltages,
transformers the
withlevels
one of losses
high-voltage indicated
available from a tap, the maximum available power on the lower high-voltage in
winding Table
with 2, Table
two 3 and
voltages
Table
available
on such 4 canfrombe aincreased
transformer tap,shall by
be 15
the maximum % for
limited tono load
available
0,85 loss
ofpower andonby
its nominal the 10lower
rated % power.
forhigh-voltage
load loss.
B Both windings on
In such
The transformer
levels
the case lossesshall
of where be
fulllimited
indicated
the topower
in Table
rated 0,852, of isits available
nominal
Table 3 and rated power.
Table
regardless 4 shall
of thebe
In the case
increased
combination where
byof20 % forthe
voltages, nothefulllevels
load ratedofand
loss power
by 20
losses is%available
for load
indicated regardless
loss
in Table in
2, case of3 dual
Tableof the
and
combination
voltage
Table 4 on
canboth of voltages,
be windings.the
increased by levels
These
15 of no
%levels
for losses
of
load indicated
losses in
byTable
are given
loss and 10 on% 2, the
for Table
basis
load 3 that
and
loss.
Table
the Such
 4 can
rated be of
power
levels increased
islosses
the same by regardless
shall 15 % for
refer to noofload
the lossvoltage.
and by 
the combination
highest 10
of % for load loss.
voltages.
B Both windings The levels of losses indicated in Table 2, Table 3 and Table 4 shall be
B12 Both windings The levelsbyof20losses
increased % for indicated
no load loss in Table
and by2,20Table % for 3loadandloss Table
in case 4 shall be
of dual
increased
voltage onby 20 windings.
both % for no loadThese loss and of
levels by losses
20 % for areload
givenloss oninthe case of dual
basis that
voltage
the ratedonpower both is windings.
the sameThese levelsofofthe
regardless losses are given
combination of on the basis that
voltages.
the rated power is the same regardless of the combination of voltages.
12
12
14
The maximum
on the higher available
low-voltagepower and on shall
the lower
complylow-voltage
with theonlevelssuch transformers
indicated in
shall
Tablebe 2, no more
Table thanTable
3 and 0,85 times
4. its rated power.
In
Thecase
maximumof transformers
available powerwith on onethehigh-voltage BS EN
lower low-voltage 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
winding on with
such two voltages
transformers
available
shall be no from
more a tap,
thanthe0,85maximum
times its available
rated power. power ENon50588-1:2015+A1:2016
the lower high-voltage
on such
In case transformer
of transformersshall be
with limited
one to 0,85 of its nominal
high-voltage windingratedwithpower.
two voltages
In the case
available from where
a tap, thethemaximum
full ratedavailable
power poweris available
on the regardless
lower high-voltage of the
combination of voltages,
on such transformer shallthe
be levels
limitedoftolosses
0,85 ofindicated
its nominal in Table 2, Table 3 and
rated power.
Table
In the4 can
casebewhere
increasedthe byfull15rated
% for no load is
power lossavailable
and by 10regardless
% for load of loss.
the
B Both windings combination
TheThe
 levels of losses
maximum
of voltages, the levels
allowable
indicatedlossesin of losses
indicated
Table 2, indicated
in Table
Table 3 in
2,
andTable
TableTable2,
3 Table
and 3 and
Table
4 shall be4
Tablebe4 increased
increased
can canbybe20increased
%byfor20no%by for15no
load %load
loss for no
and load
by
losses20loss% for
and and by%
by load
20 10
loss% in
for forcase
load load loss.
of
losses dual
for
B Both windings voltage
The levelson both
transformers ofwith windings.
dual voltage
losses These
indicated levels
oninboth of 2,
losses
windings
Table are3rated
if the
Table given on theis4basis
and power
Table the that
same
shall be
the rated power
regardless
increased by 20 is%
of the the
forsame
combination
no load regardless
ofloss andofbythe
voltages. 20combination
The level
% forofloadlossesof voltages.
loss shall
in case referoftodual
the
12 highest
voltage onvoltages of both windings.
both windings. These levels This of
remains
losses valid even on
are given if further
the basis voltage
that
the rated power
combinations areisavailable.
the same regardless of the combination of voltages.
12
For transformers having dual voltage on both windings for which both voltages on one winding are
fully rated in combination with one of the voltages on the other winding, the levels of losses shall be
based on the highest power and the values indicated in Table 2, Table 3 and Table 4 can be increased
by 15 % for no load losses and by 10 % for load losses. The level of losses shall refer to the highest
voltages of both windings. This remains valid even if further voltage combinations are available.
For transformer having insulation level according to Table 5 and having dual voltage according to
Table 6 the loss level shall take into account both corrections.
EN 50588-1:2015 (E)
BS EN 50588-1:2015
6.2.5 Three winding transformers for PV applications
Dual voltage correction factors given in Table 6, Ref A, apply also to transformers for photovoltaic
applications, which have two low voltage windings that each have half the rated power of the high
voltage winding.
6.3 Transformers with rated power 3 150 kVA < Sr < 40 000 kVA
Peak efficiency Index (PEI) is the maximum value of the ratio of the transmitted apparent power of a
transformer minus the electrical losses to the transmitted apparent power of the transformer.
The Peak Efficiency Index includes the losses associated with the cooling system (Pc0) that is in
service in the no-load condition. If additional cooling is required for the transformer to operate at
kPEI, then the additional cooling loss required for this cooling shall be added to Pc0 in the calculation
of PEI. Any additional cooling and associated cooling loss in excess of that required at kPEI
necessary to achieve rated power is excluded.
NOTE This applies to transformers equipped with heat-exchangers which need pumps and fans to
provide heat dissipation (e.g. ODAF, ODWF, OFWF, OFAF, OFAN, ONAF, KNAF).
The minimum PEI value, which shall be met in all cases, can be obtained with different
combinations of no load and load losses. This is equivalent to different load factors at which PEI
occurs. The ratio of the load and no load losses needs to be tailored to the application in order to
obtain the best actual efficiency in service. In order to achieve this, the following methods are
available:
- Providing capitalization values for no load and load losses that reflect the anticipated
loading (this is the recommended method);
- Prescribing maximum values for no load and load losses;
- Specifying minimum efficiency index at a specific load factor.
Annex A includes the calculation method for the PEI. Table 7 and Table 8 indicate the PEI for
transformers with rated power Sr > 3 150 kVA.
Table 7— Minimum Peak Efficiency Index (PEI) for Liquid immersed transformers
RATED POWER PEI (%)

(kVA)
AA A
3 150 < Sr ≤ 4 000 99,532 99,465
5 000 99,548 99,483
6 300 99,571 99,510
8 000 99,593 99,535 15
10 000 99,615 99,560

- Providing capitalization values for no load and load losses that reflect the anticipated
loading (this is the recommended method);
BS EN
- 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
Prescribing maximum values for no load and load losses;
EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
- Specifying minimum efficiency index at a specific load factor.
Annex A includes the calculation method for the PEI. Table 7 and Table 8 indicate the PEI for
transformers with rated power Sr > 3 150 kVA.
Table 7— Minimum Peak Efficiency Index (PEI) for Liquid immersed transformers
RATED POWER PEI (%)

(kVA)
AA A
3 150 < Sr ≤ 4 000 99,532 99,465
5 000 99,548 99,483
6 300 99,571 99,510
8 000 99,593 99,535
10 000 99,615 99,560
12 500 99,640 99,588
16 000 99,663 99,615
EN 50588-1:2015 (E)
BS EN 50588-1:2015 20 000 99,684 99,639
25 000 99,700 99,657
31 500 99,712 99,671
40 000 99,724 99,684
EN 50588-1:2015/A1:2016 (E)
Table 8 — Minimum Peak Efficiency Index (PEI) for dry-type transformers

For transformer having insulation level according to Table 5 and having dual voltage according to Table 6 the
loss level shall take intoRATED POWER
account (kVA)
both corrections.”. PEI (%)
After 6.2.4, add the following new subclause: AA A

13
3 150 < Sr ≤ 4 000 99,382 99,348
“6.2.5 Three winding transformers for PV applications
5 000 99,387 99,354
Dual voltage correction factors given in Table 99,389
6 300 6, Ref A,99,356
apply also to transformers for photovoltaic
applications, which have two low voltage windings that each have half the rated power of the high voltage
winding.”. 8 000 99,390 99,357
≥ 10 000 99,390 99,357
5 Modification to 6.3, Transformers with rated power 3 150 kVA < Sr < 40 000 kVA
TheAtvalue of noise
the end and
of 6.3, short
after “The circuit impedance
value of noise and shallshort
be defined during enquiry
circuit impedance shallstage.
be defined during enquiry stage.",
add the following new paragraphs:
6.4
TheTransformers
PEI requirements with in special
Table 7 requirements
and Table 8 apply to autotransformers and separate winding
transformers
"The PEI having three windings
requirements in Table as follows.
7 and Table Assuming
8 apply that ratings are x/y/z,and
to autotransformers then:separate winding transformers
6.4.1
havingRated
threepower
windingsnot asincluded
follows.inAssuming
the list that ratings are x/y/z, then:
–– if x and y are equal and z is lower or equal than one third of x or y, the PEI shall be the one
For -corresponding
transformer having
if x and y are toequal
x or a and
yrated
z ispower
rating and or
lower different
the losses
equal from
than thethird
of one values
winding given
zof shall
x or y,not
theinbe the
PEI tables,
considered
shall aforlinear
be the PEIcorresponding
one
calculation;
interpolation
to shall be
x or y rating andmade based of
the losses onwinding
the neighbouring
z shall not values for losses
be considered forand
PEIPEI.calculation;
–– if x is equal to the sum of y and z, the PEI shall be the one corresponding to x rating and the three
6.4.2 if Transformers
-windingx is losses
equal to equipped
the sum of ywith
and tapping
z,forthe PEIconnections
shall be the suitable for operation
one corresponding to x while
rating and the three winding
shall be considered PEI calculation;
transformer
losses shall is energised
be considered or on
forload and rated power Sr ≤ 3 150 kVA
PEI calculation;
–– in all other cases, the PEI shall be the one corresponding to maximum of the three ratings. Load
When-loss must
transformers
in all be cases,
other measured
are equippedfor each
the PEI winding
with be
shall tapping pairs and the
connections
the one corresponding loadto combination
suitable of to
for operation
maximum be
while
the used
three for PEI
transformer
ratings. Load loss must
calculation
is energised
be measured is:
or onforload
each forwinding
voltagepairs
adaptation
and thepurposes, the leveltoofbeload
load combination usedloss
for and no load loss
PEI calculation is:of
the list of this standard shall be increased as per COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 548/2014
of 21 May 2014: x x
x y z 
y + z y + z
- From 01/07/2015 the maximum allowable levels of losses set out in Table 2, Table 3 and
Table 4 for the cases detailed in Table ZZ.1 shall be increased by 20 % for no load losses
NOTE 1 5In%general,
and for loadtransformers
losses. of similar design criteria, but with more than two windings, have higher total losses
and lower PEI values.
- From 01/07/2021 the maximumThis formula alsoallowable
allows for levels
the verification
of lossesofset PEIout
requirements
in Table 2, in Table
transformers
3 and other than two
winding transformers, such as three winding transformers and autotransformers.
Table 4 for the cases detailed in Table ZZ.1 shall be increased by 10 % for no load losses For the computation of the load loss for
eachandwinding, the criteria given in IEC 60076-8 can be taken as reference.
16 0 % for load losses.
NOTE 2 For example, for a 6 000/6 000/3 000 kVA, the PEI limit shall be that of 6 000 kVA and the load combination for
Such corrections are applicable irrespectively of the technology used to perform the voltage
- in all other cases, the PEI shall be the one corresponding to maximum of the three ratings. Load loss must
be measured for each winding pairs and the load combination to be used for PEI calculation is:
EN 50588-1:2015 (E)
BS EN 50588-1:2015 BS EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
x x EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
x y z
y+z y+z
NOTE 1 In general, transformers of similar design criteria, but with more than two windings, have higher total losses
and1
NOTE lower
In PEI values.
general, This formula
transformers also allows
of similar designforcriteria,
the verification of PEIthan
but with more requirements in transformers
two windings, have higher other than two
totalwinding
losses and lower PEI values.
transformers, such asThis formula
three also
winding allows for the
transformers verification
and of PEI requirements
autotransformers. in transformers
For the computation of the load loss for
other than twoTable 8— Minimum Peak
such Efficiency
60076-8 can be Index (PEI) for dry-type transformers For the
winding transformers, as three winding transformers and autotransformers.
each winding, the criteria given in IEC taken as reference.
computation of the load loss for each winding, the criteria given in IEC 60076-8 can be taken as reference.
NOTE
NOTE 2 2 ForForexample, RATED
example,forfor POWER
a a66000/6
000/6000/3 (kVA)
000/3000
000 kVA,the
kVA, the PEI PEI
limit (%)
PEI limit shall be
shall be that
that of
of 66 000
000 kVA
kVA and
and the
theload
loadcombination for
combination
load lossfor load lossshall
calculation calculation
be: shall be:
AA A
6000 3 150 < Sr ≤ 46000
000 99,382 99,348
6000 6000 3000 ⇒ 6000 / 4000 / 2000
6000 + 3000 6000
5 000 + 3000 99,387 99,354
6 300 transformers99,389
The approach used for three winding 99,356
can be applied in principle to transformers with more than
Thethree
approach used for three winding transformers can be applied in principle to transformers with
windings.
more than three windings. 8 000 99,390 99,357
≥ 10 000windings PEI
For transformers with re-connectable 99,390 99,357
calculation shall be made based on loss measurements
For taken
transformers with rated
at the highest re-connectable windings PEI calculation shall be made based on loss
voltage(s).".
measurements taken at the highest rated voltage(s).
The value of noise and short circuit impedance shall be defined during enquiry stage.
6.4 Transformers with special requirements
6.4.1 Rated power not included in the list
For transformer having a rated power different from the values given in the tables, a linear
interpolation shall be made based on the neighbouring values for losses and PEI.
6.4.2 Transformers equipped with tapping connections suitable for operation while
transformer is energised or on load and rated power Sr ≤ 3 150 kVA
When transformers are equipped with tapping connections suitable for operation while transformer
7
is energised or on load for voltage adaptation purposes, the level of load loss and no load loss of
the list of this standard shall be increased as per COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 548/2014
of 21 May 2014:
and 5 % for load losses.
and 0 % for load losses.
Such corrections are applicable irrespectively of the technology used to perform the voltage
adaptation.
The losses of the transformers counted, shall be the overall losses whatever the kind of
transformers, included all devices to manage the AVR inside the transformers.
For transformer having insulation level according to Table 5 and having tapping connections
suitable for operation while transformer is energised or on load for voltage adaptation purposes both
corrections shall be taken into account.
NOTE AVR: Automatic Voltage Regulation: to automatically control the input or output voltage of the
transformer for on-load voltage regulation purposes.
14
17
BS EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
EN 50588-1:2015 (E)
BS EN 50588-1:2015
EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
6.4.3 Liquid immersed pole mounted transformers
Medium power pole mounted transformer means a power transformer with a rated power of up to
315 kVA suitable for outdoor service and designed to be mounted on the support structures of
overhead power lines.
The levels of load and no load losses indicated in 6.2 are not applicable to liquid immersed pole-
mounted transformers with power ratings between 25 kVA and 315 kVA. For these specific medium
power pole-mounted transformers, the maximum levels of allowable losses are set out in Table 9,
Table 10 and Table 11.
Table 9 — Maximum values of No Load loss (P0) for pole mounted

transformer with weight limitations and Sr < 160 kVA
Rated power A0
(kVA) (W)
25 70
50 90
100 145
Table 10 — Maximum values of No Load loss (P0) for pole mounted

transformer with weight limitations and Sr ≥ 160 kVA
Rated power B0 C0
(kVA) (W) (W)
a)
160 270 (C0 -10 %) 300
200 310 356
250 360 425
315 440 520
a)
This value is a deviation from the value reported in
EN 50464-1.
Table 11 — Maximum values of Load loss (Pk) for pole mounted

transformer with weight limitations
Rated power Bk Ck
(kVA) (W) (W)
25 725 900
50 875 1100
100 1475 1750
a) a)
160 3102 (Ck +32 %) 3102 (Ck +32 %)
200 2333 2750
250 2750 3250
315 3250 3900
a)
This value is a deviation from the value reported in EN 50464-1.
15
18
BS EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
EN 50588-1:2015 (E)
BS EN 50588-1:2015
EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
6.4.4 PEI values for single-phase liquid immersed transformers with Sr ≤ 100 kVA
For single-phase two winding transformers:
- With Sr ≤ 100 kVA,

- With a second winding voltage ≤ 1,1 kV,
- With an de-energised tapping range ≤ 5 %,
Table 12 applies.
Table 12 — PEI values for single-phase transformers with Sr ≤ 100 kVA
PEI Level 1 PEI Level 2

kVA % %
15 98,38 98,48
16 98,38 98,48
25 98,50 98,65
33 98,61 98,80
50 98,73 98,89
100 98,90 99,08
7 Tolerances
7.1 Tolerances during factory acceptance tests
7.1.1 General
Tolerances during factory acceptance are subject to agreement between manufacturer and
purchaser provided that requirement in 7.1.2 and 7.1.3 are met.
Any transformer exceeding one or the other of the limits indicated in 7.1.2 and 7.1.3 can be
expected to be non compliant with the COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 548/2014 of 21 May
2014
7.1.2 Transformers subject to maximum losses
During factory acceptance tests, the measured values of no load and load losses shall not exceed
the respective maximum values specified in Clause 6.
7.1.3 Transformers subject to minimum PEI
During factory acceptance tests the PEI value calculated from the losses measurement shall be
equal to or higher than the values given in the tables.
7.2 Tolerances for Market surveillance
7.2.1 Acceptance criteria
Any transformer exceeding one or the other of the limits indicated in 7.2.2 and 7.2.3 can be
expected to be non compliant with the COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 548/2014 of 21 May
2014.
16
19
BS EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
EN 50588-1:2015 (E)
BS EN 50588-1:2015
EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
EN 50588-1:2015 (E)
BS EN 50588-1:2015
7.2.2 Transformers subjected to max losses
During market surveillance measurements, the measured values of no load and load losses can be
up to 5 % higher than the respective maximum values specified in Clause 6.
7.2.2 Transformers subjected to max losses
7.2.3 Transformers
During market subjected
surveillance to PEI
measurements, the measured values of electrical power required by
the cooling system for no load operation can be up to 5 % higher than the value declared by the
During market surveillance measurements, the measured values of no load and load losses can be
manufacturer.
During thehigher
market
thansurveillance,
the respectivewith reference to specified
ANNEX in III Clause
of the6.Commission Regulation

up to 5 % maximum values
548/2014, market surveillance authority will measure no load and load loss. PEI value shall then be
calculated
7.2.3 by the market
Transformers surveillance
subjected authority using this formula:
to PEI
2(PA0 +PAc0 )
During
PEIthe
= 1 market
− surveillance, with
(pu) reference to ANNEX III of the Commission Regulation
548/2014, market PA0 +Pauthority
surveillance Ac0 will measure no load and load loss. PEI value shall then be
1,05 ∙ Sr �
calculated by the market PAk
surveillance authority using this formula:
Where: 2(PA0 +PAc0 )

PEI = 1 − (pu)
PA0 +PAc0
PA0 1,05 ∙ S �
is the no loadr loss P
measured at rated voltage and rated frequency, on the rated tap by the
Ak
market surveillance authority;
Where:
PAc0 is the electrical power required by the cooling system for no load operation as determined
by the market surveillance authority from the type test measurements of the power taken
PA0 by the no
is the fanload
and loss
liquidmeasured
pump motors;
at rated voltage and rated frequency, on the rated tap by the
PAk market surveillance
is the measured loadauthority;
loss at rated current and rated frequency on the rated tap corrected to
PAc0 reference temperature accordingbytothe
is the electrical power required ENcooling
60076-1system
by the for
market surveillance
no load operationauthority
as determined
Sr by therated
is the market surveillance
power authority or
of the transformer from the type test measurements
autotransformer of the power taken
on which Pk is based;
by the fan and liquid pump motors;
PAk is the measured load loss at rated current and rated frequency on the rated tap corrected to
NOTE The factor 1,05temperature
reference represents according
the verification
to EN tolerance
60076-1 byonthe
loss components
market which
surveillance is allowed to market
authority
authority during surveillance checks according to ANNEX III of EU Commission Regulation 548/2014.
Sr is the rated power of the transformer or autotransformer on which Pk is based;
7.3 Uncertainties for market surveillance verification

NOTE The factor 1,05 represents the verification tolerance on loss components which is allowed to market
The testduring
authority results of the loss
surveillance measurements
checks according to are expressed
ANNEX III of EU as a numerical
Commission quantity
Regulation which is not an
548/2014.
exact number but suffers from uncertainty. How wide this margin of uncertainty is depends on the
quality of the test installation,
7.3 Uncertainties for marketparticularly its measuring
surveillance system, on the skill of the staff and on
verification
measurement difficulties presented by the test object. The submitted test result shall contain the
most correct
The test estimate
results of thethat
lossis measurements
possible, basedare
on the measurements
expressed that have
as a numerical been carried
quantity which out.
is not an
exact number but suffers from uncertainty. How wide this margin of uncertainty is depends on the
This value
quality shall
of the testbeinstallation,
accepted as it stands.itsThe
particularly uncertainty
measuring margin
system, on shall not ofbethe
the skill involved in the
staff and on
judgement of compliance for guarantees with no positive tolerance or tolerance
measurement difficulties presented by the test object. The submitted test result shall contain the ranges for
performance
most data of the
correct estimate thattest object. However,
is possible, based on athecondition for acceptance
measurements that haveofbeen
the whole
carriedtest
out.is that
the measurements themselves have to fulfil certain requirements of quality. Statements of limits or
uncertainty
This value shall
shall be
beavailable
acceptedand as these statements
it stands. shall be supported
The uncertainty by a documented
margin shall not be involvedtraceability
in the
(see EN ISO 9001).
judgement of compliance for guarantees with no positive tolerance or tolerance ranges for
performance data of the test object. However, a condition for acceptance of the whole test is that
When a specific product
the measurements is subjected
themselves have to
to market surveillance
fulfil certain check: of quality. Statements of limits or
requirements
uncertainty shall be available and these statements shall be supported by a documented traceability
(see- ENThe measurement uncertainty should be the expanded uncertainty, as defined in
ISO 9001).
EN 60076-19 and referring to a coverage factor k = 2 (i.e. to a confidence level of about
When a 95 % assuming
specific product aisnormal distribution);
subjected to market surveillance check:
- The uncertainty defined in this way should not exceed 5 %.
- The measurement uncertainty should be the expanded uncertainty, as defined in
EN 60076-19 and referring to a coverage factor k = 2 (i.e. to a confidence level of about
95 % assuming a normal distribution);
- The uncertainty defined in this way should not exceed 5 %.
17
20
BS EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
EN 50588-1:2015 (E)
BS EN 50588-1:2015
EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
8 Rating plate
In addition to EN 60076-1 and EN 60076-11 requirements, the following values shall be shown on
the rating plate:
EN 50588-1:2015 (E)
BS EN 50588-1:2015
- P0, the measured no load loss at rated voltage and rated frequency, on the rated tap.
- The name of the no load loss class for transformers with Sr ≤ 3 150 kVA.
- Pc0, the measured electrical power required by the cooling system for no load operation (if
any) derived from the type test measurements of the power taken by the fan and liquid
8 Rating pumpplate
motors.
- Pk, the measured loss at rated current and rated frequency on the rated tap corrected to
reference temperature according to EN 60076-1.
In addition to EN 60076-1 and EN 60076-11 requirements, the following values shall be shown on
- The name of the load loss class for transformers with Sr ≤ 3 150 kVA.
the rating plate:
- PEI based on measurements for transformers with Sr > 3 150 kVA.
- kPEI, the load factor at which PEI occurs for transformers with Sr > 3 150 kVA.
- P0, the measured no load loss at rated voltage and rated frequency, on the rated tap.
- For dual voltage transformers, the maximum rated power at the lower voltage.
- The name of the no load loss class for transformers with Sr ≤ 3 150 kVA.
- Conductor mass and the nature of the conductor
- Pc0, the measured electrical power required by the cooling system for no load operation (if
- Core mass and the nature of the core material
any) derived from the type test measurements of the power taken by the fan and liquid
pump motors.
For medium power pole mounted transformers, a visible display “For pole-mounted operation only”.
- Pk, the measured loss at rated current and rated frequency on the rated tap corrected to
reference temperature according to EN 60076-1.
9 -Tests
In case correction
The name offactors apply
the load loss on losses
class because ofwith
for transformers other
Sr ≤insulation
3 150 kVA. level or dual voltage as
specified
- PEI based on measurements for transformers with Sr > 3 150 kVA. on the rating plate and
in paragraphs 6.2.3 and 6.2.4, the loss class names to be written
in the
- technical
9.1 Routine documentation
tests
kPEI, the (e.g.PEI
load factor at which A0, occurs
AA0, AAA , Ak, Bk, Ck, with
for 0transformers …) shall
Sr > 3remain the same, without
150 kVA.
mentioning the correction factors.
- For dual voltage transformers, the maximum rated power at the lower voltage.
EN 60076-1
- Conductorand ENmass
60076-11 apply
and the unless
nature of theotherwise
conductor stated in this standard.
In case of dual voltage transformers for which the full rated power is available regardless of the
- Core mass and the nature of the core material
combination of voltages, the no load and load loss to be written on the rating plate and in the technical
The test report of the transformers shall report the PEI value and the corresponding k PEI for
documentation shall refer to the highest voltage of the tapped winding.
transformers
For medium power r > 3 mounted
with Spole 150 kVA.transformers,
For transformers with display
a visible Sr ≤ 3 150
“ForkVA the test report
pole-mounted shall include
operation only”.
the measured value of no load loss and load loss.
9 Tests
9.2 Type tests
9.1 Routine tests
EN 60076-1 and EN 60076-11 apply unless otherwise stated in this standard.
9.3 Special tests
The test report of the transformers shall report the PEI value and the corresponding k PEI for
EN 60076-1 and
transformers withEN 60076-11
Sr > apply
3 150 kVA. Forunless otherwise
transformers stated
with in 150
Sr ≤ 3 this kVA
standard.
the test report shall include
the measured value of no load loss and load loss.
9.4 Special test for corrugated tank
9.2 Type tests
For liquid immersed transformers with corrugated tank a special test to check the reliability of the
tank along the life is described here after.
9.3 Special tests
9.4.2 Temperature variation
For the simulation of the seasonal and daily temperature variations, the average liquid temperature
is assumed to vary between -25 °C (minimum ambient temperature with disconnected transformer)
and +88 °C (the sum of maximum ambient temperature +40 °C and maximum allowed average oil
temperature rise: 0,8 x 60 K = 48 K).
By agreement between manufacturer and purchaser the maximum temperature used for the
endurance test shall be 40 °C plus 0,8 times the liquid temperature rise determined by the
temperature rise test as prescribed by EN 50464-4.
For
18 the simulation of the seasonal and daily temperature variations, the average liquid temperature
and +88 °C (the sum of maximum ambient temperature +40 °C and maximum allowed average 21 oil
BS EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
For the simulation of the seasonal and daily temperature variations, the average liquid temperature
and +88 °C (the sum of maximum ambient temperature +40 °C and maximum allowed average oil
EN 50588-1:2015 (E)
BS EN 50588-1:2015
By agreement between manufacturer and purchaser the maximum temperature used for the
endurance test shall be 40 °C plus 0,8 times the liquid temperature rise determined by the
temperature rise test as prescribed by EN 50464-4.
9.4.3
18 Sealing temperature
When sealing the tank, the average liquid temperature shall be chosen between 15 °C and 35 °C
and recorded. A manometer connected to the tank cover shall register the value zero.
9.4.4 Calculation of the volume variation
From the temperature variations above, the liquid volume change from the relaxed stage at the
sealing temperature shall be calculated using a volume expansion coefficient given by suppliers and
-4 -1
generally equal to 7,5 x 10 (+/- 10 %) K for mineral oil.
NOTE The following value may be taken for other liquids if no information is given by suppliers:
-4 -1
- Silicone 10 x 10 K
-4 -1
- Natural ester 7,4 x10 K
-4 -1
- Synthetic ester 7,5 x10 K
9.4.5 Test procedure
9.4.5.1 General
These tests are considered as special tests.
These tests shall be carried out on a tank which is considered as representative of a range of tanks
by agreement between purchaser and supplier.
9.4.5.2 Measurement of pressure range
The increase or decrease of the liquid volume as calculated in paragraph above shall be added to or
extracted from the relaxed tank, and the corresponding overpressure (P+) and underpressure (P-)
shall be registered by a manometer connected to the tank cover.
The liquid temperature during the measurement shall be the same value as used for sealing ± 3 °C
as described in the paragraph above
9.4.5.3 Endurance test
To simulate the volume expansion, the tank shall be subjected to 2 000 cycles with overpressure
and underpressure. Each cycle comprises one overpressure and one underpressure. To achieve
the overpressure and underpressure, the volume of liquid calculated in paragraph above shall be
added to and extracted from the tank in the quantity calculated in paragraph above. The pressure
P+ and P- shall be recorded during the test at intervals.
The reading of the manometer with the tank relaxed shall be recorded before (P0) and after the test
(P1) and the tank shall be topped up with liquid to reach the initial relaxing pressure P0. If requested
for the test evaluation, the added volume shall be recorded.
NOTE To avoid mechanical impulses, the test duration may not be too short. A minimum cycle duration of
120 s may be sufficient.
A
22pause in the test procedure does not affect the test result.
9.4.5.4 Leakage test
the overpressure and underpressure, the volume of liquid calculated in paragraph above shall be
added to and extracted from the tank in the quantity calculated in paragraph above. The pressure
P+ and P- shall be recorded during the test at intervals. BS EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
The reading of the manometer with the tank relaxed shall be recorded before (P0) and after the test
(P1) and the tank shall be topped up with liquid to reach the initial relaxing pressure P0. If requested
for the test evaluation, the added volume shall be recorded.
NOTE To avoid mechanical impulses, the test duration may not be too short. A minimum cycle duration of
120 s may be sufficient.
A pause in the test procedure does not affect the test result.
9.4.5.4 Leakage test
After the endurance test, the same tank shall be subjected to a 24 h static leakage test with an
overpressure 1,2 times the maximum value recorded during the endurance test.
EN 50588-1:2015 (E)
BS EN 50588-1:2015
9.4.5.5 Evaluation of the tests
After leakage test, the following events shall be observed:

19
- the tank shall not show leakages as observed by appropriate detecting means;
- no cracks shall occur in the tank;
- heavy and unexplained discrepancies on the pressure readings taken before, during and
after the tests under measurement of pressure range and endurance test, have to be
considered as possible indexes of abnormal events;
- by agreement between manufacturer and purchaser, a limit for the volume of liquid to be
added at the end of the test may be specified for checking the permanent deformations of
the tank.
9.5 Other technologies with level of no load loss AAA0
AAA0 classes (see Table 2 and Table 4) should be manufactured with material known or under
development. To ensure reliability of these transformers, before to install on the network,
manufacturers shall be able to prove their reliability at a long term by a short circuit withstand test
and provide certificates of this test for similar transformers (see EN 60076-5 rules).
The rules in EN 60076-5 regarding similarity between transformers and related to absorbed power,
axial forces and winding stresses at short circuit shall be applied to determine the validity of the test.
The procedure of test shall be as prescribed by EN 60076-1, EN 60076-3 and EN 60076-5, in

particular, the following requirements:
All the routine tests, including dielectric tests at 100 % of the prescribed test value (see EN 60076-
3), shall be repeated. A lightning impulse test shall be performed at this stage.
In order to consider the transformer as having passed the short-circuit test, the conditions indicated
in EN 60076-1 and EN 60076-11 shall be fulfilled.
In addition to EN 60076-5 criteria the value of measured no load loss before and after the short
circuit test shall not deviated by more than 12 %. This measurement shall be done in the same
laboratory.
10 Design requirements
10.1 Liquid immersed transformers
10.1.1 Type of liquid preservation system and degree of sealing
The type of liquid preservation system and the degree of sealing shall be indicated in the enquiry
and order.
10.1.2 Terminal markings
Terminal markings shall be in accordance with IEC/TR 60616 unless otherwise specified.
23
BS EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
EN 50588-1:2015 (E)
BS EN 50588-1:2015
EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
10.1.3 Terminations
The terminations to be used can be of the following types:
a) open type bushings;

b) plug-in type bushings;
c) LV busbars;
d) cable boxes.
The requirements of the different types of terminations are described in the following standards:
EN 50180, EN 50181, EN 50386, EN 50387.
10.1.4 Distance between bushings
10.1.4.1 Distances between high-voltage liquid to air bushings
The bushings clearance shall meet the requirements of EN 60076-3.
10.1.4.2 Preferred distance between centres of low-voltage bushings
- For currents up to 250 A 70 mm

- For currents above 250 A and up to 2 000 A 150 mm
- For currents above 2 000 A 165 mm
10.1.5 Rollers
When rollers are fitted, they shall comply with EN 50216-4 for transformers with rated power
Sr ≤ 3 150 kVA.
For larger rated power this should be specified at the enquiry stage.
10.2 Dry-type transformers
10.2.1 Terminals
HV and LV terminals could be located on the upper side or middle part or lower side.
For easy understanding HV connecting leads side are fixed and used as reference side.
LV terminals could be on the same or on the opposite side referred to the HV leads.
Tapping could be on the same side or on the opposite side referred to the HV leads; preferred side
is on the same HV side.
At the enquiry stage the exact positions of HV leads/terminals, LV leads/terminals and tapping shall
be stated.
If in respect of leads with special dimensions and/or precise-exact dimensions and locations are
needed, this needed information has to be given at the enquiry stage and agreed between
10.2.2 Enclosure
Refers to EN 60076-11.
21
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BS EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
EN 50588-1:2015 (E)
BS EN 50588-1:2015
EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
11 Accessories
11.1 Liquid immersed transformers
Accessories shall be in accordance with the appropriate parts of EN 50216 series when applicable.
The type of liquid preservation system and the degree of sealing shall be indicated in the enquiry
and order.
If not otherwise specified, transformers shall be fitted with the accessories marked with an “X” as
listed in Table 13. Accessories not crossed in this table are optional.
Special care should be taken to avoid conflicts between accessories which may be non-compatible.
Table 13 — List of accessories (non exhaustive)
Type Hermetically Breathing type with

sealed conservator or air cushion
Tap changer type DETC OLTC DETC OLTC
Rating plate X X X X
Lifting device X X X X
Filling hole and plug X X X X
Rollers or skid chassis (Not applicable for pole X X X X
mounted)
Oil level indicator(s) X X

Conservator draining plug(s) X X
Dehydrating breather(s) X X
Gas and oil actuated relay(s) X X
Butterfly valve
Thermometer pocket
Pad-locking tap changer handle

Protective device
Conservator drain valve
Removable radiators instead of fixed radiator
Removable radiators insulating Butterfly valve
Jacking pads
Pulling eyes
11.2 Dry-type transformers
Accessories shall be in accordance with the appropriate parts of EN 50216 series when applicable.
If no otherwise specified, transformers shall be fitted with the accessories listed in Table 14.
22
25
BS EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
EN 50588-1:2015 (E)
BS EN 50588-1:2015
EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
Table 14 — List of accessories
HV Terminal
LV Terminal
Earthing terminals
Warning plate
a
Terminal markings
Lifting devices
Rollers or skid (Not applicable for pole mounted)
Rating plate
a
Terminal markings should preferably be in
accordance with IEC/TR 60616, unless otherwise
covered in national standards.
23
26
BS EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
EN 50588-1:2015 (E)
BS EN 50588-1:2015
EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
Annex A
(informative)
Calculation of PEI and kPEI
A.1 Calculation of Peak Efficiency Index
The methodology for calculating the Peak Efficiency Index (PEI) for medium power transformers is
based on the ratio of the transmitted apparent power of a transformer minus the electrical losses to
the transmitted apparent power of the transformer.
2(𝑃𝑃0 + 𝑃𝑃𝑐𝑐0 )
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 1 −
𝑃𝑃 + 𝑃𝑃𝑐𝑐0
𝑆𝑆𝑟𝑟 � 0
𝑃𝑃𝑘𝑘
Where
P0 is the no load loss measured at rated voltage and rated frequency, on the rated tap.
Pk is the measured load loss at rated current and rated frequency on the rated tap corrected to reference
temperature according to EN 60076-1.
Pc0 is the electrical power required by the cooling system for no load operation derived from the type test
measurements of the power taken by the fan and liquid pump motors.
Sr is the rated power of the transformer on which PK is based.
A.2 Calculation of kPEI
This part of Annex A shows the mathematical derivation of the load factor which maximizes the
Efficiency Index.
Efficiency Index general formula is:
kSr - (P0 +Pc0 )-(k²Pk +Pck (k))

EI =
kSr
where Pck is the additional electrical power required by the cooling system (in addition to Pc0) for
operation at k times the rated load (as derived from the type test measurements of the power taken
by the fan and liquid pump motors). In the following derivation, it is assumed that Pck is zero at the
load factor which maximises the Efficiency Index and hence is neglected.
The function EI(k) is at its maximum when its derivative is null.
Then:
'
k.Sr - (P0 +Pc0 )-k².Pk
EI' (k)= � �
k.Sr
'
�k.Sr - (P0 +Pc0 )-k².Pk � .k.Sr −�k.Sr - (P0 +Pc0 )-k².Pk �.[k.Sr ]'
So EI' (k)= [k.Sr ]2
24
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BS EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
EN 50588-1:2015 (E)
BS EN 50588-1:2015
EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
�Sr - 2k.Pk �.k.Sr−�k.Sr - (P0 +Pc0 )-k².Pk �.[Sr ]

i.e. EI' (k)= 2
k2 .Sr
2 2
k.Sr - 2k2 .Pk .Sr -k.Sr + (P0 +Pc0 ).Sr +k².Pk .Sr
i.e. EI' (k)= 2 2
k .Sr
2
- k .Pk .Sr + (P0 +Pc0 ).Sr
i.e. EI' (k)= 2 2
k .Sr
2
- k .Pk + (P0 +Pc0 )
i.e. EI(k)= 2
k .Sr
(P0 +Pc0 ) Pk
i.e. EI' (k)= 2 −
k .Sr Sr
Pk (P0 +Pc0 )
it comes that η’(k) = 0 when: = 2
Sr k .Sr
(P0 +Pc0 ) Sr
i.e. k2 =
Sr Pk
(P0 +Pc0 )
So the Peak Efficiency is a maximum when k=kPEI =�
Pk
And then
2(P0 +Pc0 )
PEI = EI(kPEI ) = 1 −
P0 +Pc0
Sr �
Pk
25
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BS EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
EN 50588-1:2015 (E)
BS EN 50588-1:2015
EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
Annex ZZ
(informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the

requirements of Commission Regulation (EC) No 548/2014 of 21
May 2014 on implementing Directive 2009/125/EC of the European
Parliament and of the Council with regard to small, medium and
large power transformers
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CENELEC by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to
requirements of Commission Regulation (EC) No 548/2014 of 21 May 2014 implementing Directive
2009/125/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to ecodesign requirements
for small, medium and large power transformers.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Commission
Regulation, compliance with the clauses of this standard given in Table ZZ.1 confers, within the
limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding
requirements of that and associated EFTA regulations.
Table ZZ.1 — Correspondence between this European Standard and Commission

Regulation (EC) No 548/2014
Requirements of Commission
Clauses and sub-clauses
Regulation (EC) No 548/2014
of this EN
Annex I Sub-clause 6.2.2

Requirements for three-phase Table 2 reports the values A0, i.e.
medium power transformers with the maximum values of no load
rated power ≤ 3 150 kVA. losses that are applicable from 1
Table I.1 July 2015 (Tier 1).
Maximum load and no-load losses (in From 1 July 2021 (Tier 2), the
W) for three-phase liquid-immersed requirement is AA0.
medium power transformers with one Table 3 reports the values Ck (up to
winding with Um ≤ 24 kV and the rated power 1000 kVA) and Bk
other one with Um ≤ 1,1 kV. (from rated power 1250 kVA to
3150 kVA), which are the maximum
load losses applicable from 1 July
2015 (Tier 1).
From 1 July 2021 (Tier 2), the
requirement is Ak for all rating
powers.
Requirements for three-phase Table 4 reports the values A0, i.e.
medium power transformers with the maximum values of no load
rated power ≤ 3 150 kVA. losses that are applicable from 1
Table I.2 July 2015 (Tier 1).
Maximum load and no-load losses (in From 1 July 2021 (Tier 2), the
W) for three –phase dry-type requirement is AA0.
medium power transformers with one Table 4 reports the values Bk (up to
winding with Um ≤ 24 kV and the rated power 630 kVA) and Ak (from
26
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BS EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
EN 50588-1:2015 (E)
BS EN 50588-1:2015
EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
other one with Um ≤ 1,1 kV. rated power 800 kVA to 3150 kVA),
which are the maximum load losses
applicable from 1 July 2015 (Tier
1).
requirement is Ak for all rated
powers.

Requirements for three-phase Table 5 reports the correction to
medium power transformers with load loss and no load loss in case
rated power ≤ 3 150 kVA. of different insulation levels.
Table I.3 Table 6 reports the correction to
Correction of load and no load losses load loss and no load loss in case
in case of other combinations of of dual voltage.
winding voltages or dual voltage in
one or both windings (rated power ≤
3 150 kVA).
Annex I Sub-clause 6.3

Requirements for medium power Table 7 reports the Miniumum Peak
transformers with rated power > 3 Efficiency Index (PEI) for liquid
150 kVA. immersed medium power
Table I.4 transformers. Column A
corresponds to Tier 1 (1 July 2015),
Minimum Peak Efficiency Index (PEI)
whereas column AA corresponds to
values for liquid immersed medium
Tier 2 (1 July 2021).
power transformers.
Annex I Sub-clause 6.3

Requirements for medium power
transformers with rated power > 3 Table 8 reports the Miniumum Peak
150 kVA. Efficiency Index (PEI) for dry type
Table I.5 medium power transformers.
Minimum Peak Efficiency Index (PEI) Column A corresponds to Tier 1 (1
values for dry type medium power July 2015), whereas column AA
transformers. corresponds to Tier 2 (1 July 2021).

Requirements for medium power
transformers with rated power ≤ 3
150 kVA equipped with tapping
connections suitable for operation
while being energised or on-load
for voltage adaptation purposes.
Voltage Regulation Distribution
Transformers are included in this
category.

Requirements for medium power From 1 July 2015 (Tier 1), the
pole-mounted transformers. maximum no-load loss values are
27
30
BS EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
EN 50588-1:2015 (E)
BS EN 50588-1:2015
EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
Table I.6 the values A0 in Table 9 up to rated

Maximum load and no-load losses (in power 100 kVA and the values C0
W) for medium power liquid in Table 10 from rated power 160
immersed pole-mounted kVA to 315 kVA.
transformers. From 1 July 2021 (Tier 2), the
maximum no-load loss values are
the values A0 up to rated power 100
kVA, C0 – 10 % for rated power 160
kVA and B0 from rated power 200
kVA to 315 kVA.
maximum load loss values are the
values reported in column Ck in
Table 11.
maximum load loss values are the
values reported in column Bk in
Table 11.
Annex I Clause 8
Product information requirements.
WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s)
falling within the scope of this standard.
28
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BS EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
EN 50588-1:2015 (E)
BS EN 50588-1:2015
EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016
Bibliography
[1] EN 50464-1, Three-phase oil-immersed distribution transformers 50 Hz, from 50 kVA to

2500 kVA with highest voltage for equipment not exceeding 36 kV — Part 1: General
requirements
[2] EN 60038, Cenelec Standard voltages (IEC 60038)
[3] EN 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code) (IEC 60529)
[4] EN 60721 (all parts), Classification of environmental conditions (IEC 60721, all parts)
[5] EN 62262, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures for electrical equipment against
external mechanical impacts (IK code) (IEC 62262)
[6] EN ISO 9001, Quality management systems — Requirements (ISO 9001)
[7] EN ISO/IEC 17065, Conformity assessment — Requirements for bodies certifying products,
processes and services (ISO/IEC 17065)
29
32
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What are the reasons for the UK's negative vote on the standard?

What are the reasons for the UK's negative vote on the standard?

What is the de-energized tapping range for single-phase liquid immersed transformers with Sr ≤ 100 kVA according to the UK committee?

What is the de-energized tapping range for single-phase liquid immersed transformers with Sr ≤ 100 kVA according to the UK committee?

BS EN 50588-1:2015+A1:2016

BSI Standards Publication

Medium power transformers

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 50588-1

ICS 29.180 Supersedes EN 50464-1:2007, EN 50541-1:2011

Medium power transformers 50 Hz, with highest voltage for

Transformateurs 50 Hz de moyenne puissance, de tension Mittelleistungstransformatoren 50 Hz, mit einer höchsten

European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

Ref. No. EN 50588-1:2015 E

9.4.3 Sealing temperature������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 22

The following dates are fixed:

- latest date by which this document has (dop) 2016-06-25

This document supersedes EN 50464-1:2007 and EN 50541-1:2011.

EN 50588-1:2015 includes the following significant technical changes with respect to

The following dates are fixed:

- latest date by which this document has to be (dop) 2017-05-23

The following transformers are excluded from this European Standard:

- instrument transformers, specifically designed to supply measuring instruments, meters,

EN 50180 Bushings above 1 kV up to 52 kV and from 250 A to 3,15 kA for liquid

EN 50181 Plug-in type bushings above 1 kV up to 52 kV and from 250 A to 2,50 kA

EN 50216 (all parts) Power transformer and reactor fittings

EN 50464-4 Three-phase oil-immersed distribution transformers 50 Hz, from 50 kVA to

EN 60076 (all parts) Power transformers (IEC 60076, all parts)

EN 60076-19 Power transformers — Part 19: Rules for the determination of

EN 60085 Electrical insulation — Thermal evaluation and designation

EN 60505 Evaluation and qualification of electrical insulation systems (IEC 60505)

IEC/TR 60616 Terminal and tapping markings for power transformers

3 Terms and definitions

Note 1 to entry: Normally 0 ≤ k ≤ 1.

Note 1 to entry: Normally 0 ≤ k ≤ 1.

3.2 EN 50588-1:2015 (E)

Note 1 to entry: See Annex A for derivation.

Note 1 to entry: See Annex A for derivation.

Note 3 to entry: This definition does not include:

- multiple windings making it suitable for use at several locations;

- increased overload capability achieved by the use of special materials;

- permanent mounting on a transporter arrangement.

The values of the highest voltage Um for equipment are:

3,6 kV– 7,2 kV – 12 kV – 17,5 kV – 24 kV – 36 kV

5.2 Rated voltage for winding with Um ≤ 1,1 kV

EN 50588-1:2015 (E) 400 V – 410 V – 415 V – 420 V – 433 V – 690 V

Taps can be provided with DETC or OLTC devices:

- DETC: De-energised tap changer

5.4 Connection designations for three phase transformers

Yzn or Dyn Dyn YNd or Dyn or YNyn

6.2.1 General information

Numbering into brackets are the references to the lines of Table 5.

Numbering into brackets are the references to the lines of Table 5.

For the transformers AAA0 see special requirements in 9.5.

Rated AAA0 AA0 LWA A0 LWA

Rated power Ak Bk Ck Short-circuit Impedance

kVA W W W W dB (A) W dB (A) %

≤ 50 1500 1700 115 180 48 200 49 6

RATED POWER PEI (%)

9.4.3 Sealing temperature�� 22

- multiple windings making it suitable for use at several locations;

- increased overload capability achieved by the use of special materials;

- permanent mounting on a transporter arrangement.