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ODE: Elimination of Arbitrary Constant(s) : MATH 213

1) The document discusses the process of eliminating arbitrary constants from ordinary differential equations (ODEs). It states that the order of a differential equation is equal to the number of arbitrary constants, and that differentiating the given relation as many times as the number of constants can eliminate them. 2) An example shows eliminating the constant c from the equation x3 − 3x2y = c by taking partial derivatives to obtain the ODE x − 2y dx − xdy = 0. 3) Another example eliminates constants c1 and c2 from the equation y = c1e-3x + c2e2x by equating its derivatives to obtain the ODE y'' + y'

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Anjanette Manubay
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307 views10 pages

ODE: Elimination of Arbitrary Constant(s) : MATH 213

1) The document discusses the process of eliminating arbitrary constants from ordinary differential equations (ODEs). It states that the order of a differential equation is equal to the number of arbitrary constants, and that differentiating the given relation as many times as the number of constants can eliminate them. 2) An example shows eliminating the constant c from the equation x3 − 3x2y = c by taking partial derivatives to obtain the ODE x − 2y dx − xdy = 0. 3) Another example eliminates constants c1 and c2 from the equation y = c1e-3x + c2e2x by equating its derivatives to obtain the ODE y'' + y'

Uploaded by

Anjanette Manubay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Civil Engineering Department

Learning Module #6

MATH 213
ODE: Elimination of
Arbitrary Constant(s)
𝐄𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐫𝐛𝐢𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭(𝐬)

Properties of ODE:
• The order of DE is equal to the number of arbitrary constants in the given
relation.
• The DE is consistent with the relation.
• The DE is free from ARBITRARY CONSTANTS.

As a rule for finding the DE, differentiate the given function or relation as
many times depending on the number of constant present in the function.
𝐄𝐱𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞#𝟏. Eliminate the arbitrary constant c of the given equation.
𝑥3 − 3𝑥2𝑦 = 𝑐
Solution:
Taking the partial derivative of DE;
3
𝑑 2
𝑑 2
𝑑
𝑥 −3 𝑦 𝑥 +𝑥 𝑦 =0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
3𝑥2 − 3 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥2 =0
𝑑𝑥
Simplifying;
3𝑥2𝑑𝑥 − 6𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥 − 3𝑥2𝑑𝑦 = 0
1
3𝑥2𝑑𝑥 − 6𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥 − =0 3𝑥2𝑑𝑦
3𝑥
𝑥𝑑𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 𝒅𝒙 − 𝒙𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎 Answer
𝐄𝐱𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞#𝟐. 𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑥𝑦2 = 𝑐
Solution:
Taking the partial derivative of DE;
𝑑 𝑑 2
𝑑 2
𝑑
𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑦 𝑥 +𝑥 𝑦 =0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 2
𝑑𝑦
𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦 =0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦2 𝑑𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0
Simplifying;
𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑦2 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝒚 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 − 𝒚 𝒅𝒙 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 − 𝟐𝒙𝒚 𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎 Answer
𝐄𝐱𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞#𝟑. 𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 −3𝑥 + 𝑐2𝑒 2𝑥

Solution:
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 −3𝑥 + 𝑐2𝑒 2𝑥 equation (1)
Taking the 1st partial derivative;
𝑑𝑦 −3𝑥
𝑑 −3𝑥
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
= 𝑐1 𝑒 +𝑒 𝑐1 + 𝑐2 𝑒 2𝑥 +𝑒 2𝑥 𝑐2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 ′ = −3𝑐1 𝑒 −3𝑥 + 2𝑐2𝑒 2𝑥 equation (2)
Taking the 2nd partial derivative;
−3𝑥
𝑑 −3𝑥
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑦" = −3𝑐1 𝑒 + −3𝑒 𝑐1 + 2𝑐2 𝑒 2𝑥 + 2𝑒 2𝑥 𝑐2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 ′′ = 9𝑐1 𝑒 −3𝑥 + 4𝑐2𝑒 2𝑥 equation (3)
−3𝑥 2𝑥
equation (1) 𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 + 𝑐2𝑒
equation (2) 𝑦 ′ = −3𝑐1 𝑒 −3𝑥 + 2𝑐2𝑒 2𝑥
equation (3) 𝑦 ′′ = 9𝑐1 𝑒 −3𝑥 + 4𝑐2𝑒 2𝑥
Eq. (1) and Eq.(2)
[𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 −3𝑥 + 𝑐2𝑒 2𝑥 ](3) Eq. (4) and Eq.(5)
3𝑦 = 3𝑐1 𝑒 −3𝑥 + 3𝑐2𝑒 2𝑥 ] [3𝑦 + 𝑦 ′ = 5𝑐2𝑒 2𝑥 ](2)
𝑦 ′ = −3𝑐1 𝑒 −3𝑥 + 2𝑐2𝑒 2𝑥
3𝑦 + 𝑦 ′ = 5𝑐2𝑒 2𝑥 eq. (4) 𝑦" + 3𝑦′ = 10𝑐2𝑒 2𝑥
Eq. (2) and Eq.(3) 2𝑦 ′ + 6𝑦 = 10𝑐2𝑒 2𝑥
[𝑦 ′ = −3𝑐1 𝑒 −3𝑥 + 2𝑐2𝑒 2𝑥 ](3) 𝒚" + 𝒚′ − 𝟔𝒚 = 𝟎 Answer
3𝑦 ′ = −9𝑐1 𝑒 −3𝑥 + 6𝑐2𝑒 2𝑥
𝑦 ′′ = 9𝑐1 𝑒 −3𝑥 + 4𝑐2𝑒 2𝑥
3𝑦′ + 𝑦 ′′ = 10𝑐2𝑒 2𝑥 eq. (5)
𝐄𝐱𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞#𝟒. 𝑥2𝑦 = 1 + 𝑐𝑥
Solution:
2
𝑑 2
𝑑 𝑑
𝑦 𝑥 +𝑥 𝑦 =0+𝑐 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥2 =𝑐 ; 𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝐸
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
𝑥2𝑦 = 1 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥2
𝑥
𝑑𝑥
2 2 3
𝑑𝑦
𝑥 𝑦 = 1 + 2𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑥2𝑦𝑑𝑥 = 1𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥2𝑦𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥3𝑑𝑦
𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐𝒚 𝒅𝒙 + 𝒙𝟑𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎 Answer
𝐄𝐱𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞#𝟔. 𝐸𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 , ω 𝑏𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑛𝑜𝑡
𝑡𝑜 𝑏𝑒 𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑥 = 𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛(ω𝑡 + 𝐵)
Solution:
𝑥 = 𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛(ω𝑡 + 𝐵) eq. (1)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑 𝑑
= 𝐴 sin(ω𝑡 + 𝐵) + sin(ω𝑡 + 𝐵) 𝐴
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥
= 𝐴ω cos(ω𝑡 + 𝐵) eq. (2)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑2𝑥 𝑑 𝑑
2
= 𝐴ω cos(ω𝑡 + 𝐵) + ωcos(ω𝑡 + 𝐵) 𝐴
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑2𝑥 2 sin(ω𝑡 + 𝐵)
= −𝐴ω eq. (3)
𝑑𝑡2
eq. (1) 𝑥 = 𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛(ω𝑡 + 𝐵)
𝑑𝑥
eq. (2) = 𝐴ω cos(ω𝑡 + 𝐵)
𝑑𝑡
eq. (3) 𝑑2 𝑥 2 sin(ω𝑡 + 𝐵)
= −𝐴ω
𝑑𝑡2

Eq. (1) and Eq.(3)


𝑥 = 𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛 ω𝑡 + 𝐵 ω2
𝑑2𝑥 2 sin(ω𝑡 + 𝐵)
= −𝐴ω
𝑑𝑡2
ω2𝑥 = 𝐴ω2 sin(ω𝑡 + 𝐵)
𝒅𝟐𝒙 𝟐𝒙 = 0
+ 𝝎 Answer
𝒅𝒕𝟐
End of Presentation

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