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Chapter 1 - Introduction To Physics (HC Verma)

1. The document provides dimensional analysis of various physical quantities. It analyzes 18 different physical relations and verifies that the dimensions on both sides of each relation are equal, indicating the relations are dimensionally consistent. 2. Key physical quantities analyzed include linear momentum, force, pressure, angular speed, torque, electric and magnetic fields, heat capacity, gas constant, density, momentum, kinetic energy, electric current, frequency, surface tension, and velocity. 3. For each relation, the document clearly shows the dimensions of each term and verifies they are equal on both sides, fulfilling the requirements of dimensional homogeneity.

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0% found this document useful (1 vote)
5K views4 pages

Chapter 1 - Introduction To Physics (HC Verma)

1. The document provides dimensional analysis of various physical quantities. It analyzes 18 different physical relations and verifies that the dimensions on both sides of each relation are equal, indicating the relations are dimensionally consistent. 2. Key physical quantities analyzed include linear momentum, force, pressure, angular speed, torque, electric and magnetic fields, heat capacity, gas constant, density, momentum, kinetic energy, electric current, frequency, surface tension, and velocity. 3. For each relation, the document clearly shows the dimensions of each term and verifies they are equal on both sides, fulfilling the requirements of dimensional homogeneity.

Uploaded by

Navi phogat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SOLUTIONS TO CONCEPTS

CHAPTER – 1
–1
1. a) Linear momentum : mv = [MLT ]
1 0 0 –1
b) Frequency : = [M L T ]
T
Force [MLT 2 ] –1 –2
c) Pressure :  = [ML T ]
Area [L2 ]
2. a) Angular speed  = /t = [M0L0T–1]
 M0L0 T 2
b) Angular acceleration  =   [M0L0T–2]
t T
–2 2 –2
c) Torque  = F r = [MLT ] [L] = [ML T ]
2 2 2 0
d) Moment of inertia = Mr = [M] [L ] = [ML T ]
2
MLT
3. a) Electric field E = F/q =  [MLT 3I1 ]
[IT ]
F MLT 2
b) Magnetic field B =   [MT  2I1 ]
qv [IT ][LT 1 ]
B  2a MT 2I1 ]  [L]
c) Magnetic permeability 0 =   [MLT 2I2 ]
I [I]
4. a) Electric dipole moment P = qI = [IT] × [L] = [LTI]
2 2
b) Magnetic dipole moment M = IA = [I] [L ] [L I]
5. E = h where E = energy and  = frequency.
E [ML2 T 2 ]
h=  1
[ML2 T 1 ]
 [T ]
Q [ML2 T 2 ]
6. a) Specific heat capacity = C =   [L2 T 2K 1 ]
mT [M][K ]
L  L2 [L]
b) Coefficient of linear expansion =  = 1   [K 1 ]
L 0 T [L ][R]
PV [ML1T 2 ][L3 ]
c) Gas constant = R =   [ML2 T 2K 1(mol) 1 ] 
nT [(mol )][K ]
7. Taking force, length and time as fundamental quantity
m ( force/acce leration) [F / LT 2 ] F
a) Density =   2
 4 2  [FL 4 T 2 ]
V Volume [L ] LT
2 –2
b) Pressure = F/A = F/L = [FL ]
c) Momentum = mv (Force / acceleration) × Velocity = [F / LT–2] × [LT–1] = [FT]
1 Force
d) Energy = mv 2   ( velocity )2
2 accelerati on
 F   F 
=  2   [LT 1 ]2    2   [L2 T  2 ]  [FL]
 LT   LT ] 
metre 5 2
8. g = 10 2
= 36  10 cm/min
sec
9. The average speed of a snail is 0.02 mile/hr
0.02  1.6  1000 –1
Converting to S.I. units, m/sec [1 mile = 1.6 km = 1600 m] = 0.0089 ms
3600
The average speed of leopard = 70 miles/hr
70  1.6  1000
In SI units = 70 miles/hour = = 31 m/s
3600

1.1
Chapter-I
3 –2
10. Height h = 75 cm, Density of mercury = 13600 kg/m , g = 9.8 ms then
4 2
Pressure = hfg = 10  10 N/m (approximately)
5 2
In C.G.S. Units, P = 10 × 10 dyne/cm
11. In S.I. unit 100 watt = 100 Joule/sec
9
In C.G.S. Unit = 10 erg/sec
4 –4
12. 1 micro century = 10 × 100 years = 10  365  24  60 min
5
So, 100 min = 10 / 52560 = 1.9 microcentury
13. Surface tension of water = 72 dyne/cm
In S.I. Unit, 72 dyne/cm = 0.072 N/m
a b
14. K = kI  where k = Kinetic energy of rotating body and k = dimensionless constant
Dimensions of left side are,
2 –2
K = [ML T ]
Dimensions of right side are,
a 2 a b –1 b
I = [ML ] ,  = [T ]
According to principle of homogeneity of dimension,
[ML2T–2] = [ML2T–2] [T–1]b
Equating the dimension of both sides,
2 = 2a and –2 = –b  a = 1 and b = 2
a b
15. Let energy E  M C where M = Mass, C = speed of light
a b
 E = KM C (K = proportionality constant)
Dimension of left side
2 –2
E = [ML T ]
Dimension of right side
a a b –1 b
M = [M] , [C] = [LT ]
[ML2T–2] = [M]a[LT–1]b
 a = 1; b = 2
So, the relation is E = KMC2
2 –3 –2
16. Dimensional formulae of R = [ML T I ]
Dimensional formulae of V = [ML2T3I–1]
Dimensional formulae of I = [I]
2 3 –1 2 –3 –2
[ML T I ] = [ML T I ] [I]
 V = IR
a b c
17. Frequency f = KL F M M = Mass/unit length, L = length, F = tension (force)
Dimension of f = [T–1]
Dimension of right side,
La = [La], Fb = [MLT–2]b, Mc = [ML–1]c
–1 a –2 b –1 c
[T ] = K[L] [MLT ] [ML ]
0 0 –1 b+c a+b–c –2b
M L T = KM L T
Equating the dimensions of both sides,
b+c=0 …(1)
–c + a + b = 0 …(2)
–2b = –1 …(3)
Solving the equations we get,
a = –1, b = 1/2 and c = –1/2
–1 1/2 –1/2 K 1/ 2 1/ 2 K F
 So, frequency f = KL F M = F M  
L L M
1.2
Chapter-I
2SCos
18. a) h =
rg
LHS = [L]
MLT 2
Surface tension = S = F/I =  [MT 2 ]
L
–3 0
Density =  = M/V = [ML T ]
–2
Radius = r = [L], g = [LT ]
2Scos  [MT 2 ]
RHS =   [M0L1T0 ]  [L] 
rg [ML T ][L][LT 2 ]
3 0

LHS = RHS
So, the relation is correct
p
b) v = where v = velocity

–1
LHS = Dimension of v = [LT ]
Dimension of p = F/A = [ML–1T–2]
Dimension of  = m/V = [ML–3]

p [ML1T 2 ]
RHS =   [L2T 2 ]1/ 2 = [LT 1 ]
 [ML3 ]
So, the relation is correct.
c) V = (pr4t) / (8l)
3
LHS = Dimension of V = [L ]
–1 –2 4 4
Dimension of p = [ML T ], r = [L ], t = [T]
Coefficient of viscosity = [ML–1T–1]
pr 4 t [ML1T 2 ][L4 ][T]
RHS = 
8 l [ML1T 1 ][L]
So, the relation is correct.
1
d) v = (mgl / I)
2
–1
LHS = dimension of v = [T ]

[M][LT 2 ][L] –1
RHS = (mgl / I) = 2
= [T ]
[ML ]
LHS = RHS
So, the relation is correct.
dx L
 
0
19. Dimension of the left side =  = [L ]
2 2 2 2
(a  x ) (L  L )

1 1 a  –1
Dimension of the right side = sin   = [L ]
a x
dx 1 1 a 
So, the dimension of
 2
(a  x ) 2

a
sin  
x

So, the equation is dimensionally incorrect.

1.3
Chapter-I
20. Important Dimensions and Units :
Physical quantity Dimension SI unit
[M1L1T 2 ]
Force (F) newton
1 2 2
[M L T ]
Work (W) joule
1 2 3
[M L T ]
Power (P) watt
1 3 2
[M L T ] 2 2
Gravitational constant (G) N-m /kg
[T 1]
Angular velocity () radian/s
1 2 1
[M L T ] 2
Angular momentum (L) kg-m /s
[M1L2 ] 2
Moment of inertia (I) kg-m
1 2 2
[M L T ]
Torque () N-m
[M1L1T 2 ] 2
Young’s modulus (Y) N/m
[M1T 2 ]
Surface Tension (S) N/m
[M1L1T 1] 2
Coefficient of viscosity () N-s/m
[M1L1T 2 ] 2
Pressure (p) N/m (Pascal)
[M1T 3 ] 2
Intensity of wave (I) watt/m
[L2T 2K 1]
Specific heat capacity (c) J/kg-K
1 3 4
[M T K ] 2 4
Stefan’s constant () watt/m -k
[M1L1T 3K 1]
Thermal conductivity (k) watt/m-K
1 2
[I L ]
Current density (j) ampere/m2
[I2T3M1L3 ] –1 –1
Electrical conductivity ()  m 
[L1I1T1]
Electric dipole moment (p) C-m
1 1 1 3
[M L I T ]
Electric field (E) V/m
1 2 1 3
[M L I T ]
Electrical potential (V) volt
1 3 1 3
[M T I L ]
Electric flux () volt/m
2 4 1 2
[I T M L ]
Capacitance (C) farad (F)
2 4 1 3
[I T M L ] 2 2
Permittivity () C /N-m
[M1L1I2T 3 ] 2
Permeability () Newton/A
[I1L2 ]
Magnetic dipole moment (M) N-m/T
[M1L2I1T 2 ]
Magnetic flux () Weber (Wb)
1 1 2
[M I T ]
Magnetic field (B) tesla
1 2 2 2
[M L I T ]
Inductance (L) henry
1 2 2 3
[M L I T ]
Resistance (R) ohm ()

****

1.4

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