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Avionics Lecture Handouts (L-16)

The document provides information about encoders, decoders, multiplexers, and demultiplexers. It defines each component and describes their functions. Encoders convert information to another format or code, decoders perform the reverse of encoding, multiplexers select one of several input signals to send to a single output line, and demultiplexers take a single input and select one of many output lines. The document includes block diagrams, truth tables, and examples to illustrate octal to binary encoders and 4-line to 1-line multiplexers. External references are also provided for further learning.

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Gowri Shankar
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65 views4 pages

Avionics Lecture Handouts (L-16)

The document provides information about encoders, decoders, multiplexers, and demultiplexers. It defines each component and describes their functions. Encoders convert information to another format or code, decoders perform the reverse of encoding, multiplexers select one of several input signals to send to a single output line, and demultiplexers take a single input and select one of many output lines. The document includes block diagrams, truth tables, and examples to illustrate octal to binary encoders and 4-line to 1-line multiplexers. External references are also provided for further learning.

Uploaded by

Gowri Shankar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MAHENDRA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

MAHENDHIRAPURI, MALLASAMUDRAM - 637503 L-16


AE

Lecture Handouts
Subject Name: AVIONICS
VII/IV

Staff Name : Mr. J. GOWRI SHANKAR, AP/ECE

Unit : II (PRINCIPLES OF DIGITAL SYSTEMS) Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture: Encoder- Decoder, Multiplexer- Demultiplexer

Introduction:
Encoder:
 An encoder is a device, circuit, transducer, software program, algorithm or person that
converts information from one format or code to another, for the purposes of
standardization, speed or compressions.
Decoder:
 A decoder is a circuit that changes a code into a set of signals. It is called a decoder because
it does the reverse of encoding, but we will begin our study of encoders
and decoders with decoders because they are simpler to design.

Multiplexer:
 In electronics, a multiplexer (or mux) is a device that selects one of several analog or
digital input signals and forwards the selected input into a single line. A multiplexer of
2n inputs has n select lines, which are used to select which input line to send to the output.
Demultiplexer:
 In electronics, a demultiplexer (or demux) is a device taking a single input signal and
selecting one of many data-output-lines, which is connected to the single input. A
multiplexer is often used with a complementary demultiplexer on the receiving end.

Prerequisite knowledge for Complete learning of Topic:


 Minimization of Boolean expressions and K-map
 Adder and Subtractor
 Carry Look Ahead adder – BCD adder – Binary Multiplier – Binary Divider
Detailed content of the Lecture:
Encoder:
 An encoder is a device, circuit, transducer, software program, algorithm or person that
converts information from one format or code to another.

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 The purpose of encoder is standardization, speed, secrecy, security, or saving space by
shrinking size. 
 Encoders are combinational logic circuits and they are exactly opposite of decoders. They
accept one or more inputs and generate a multibit output code.
 Encoders perform exactly reverse operation than decoder. An encoder has M input and N
output lines.
 Out of M input lines only one is activated at a time and produces equivalent code on output
N lines. If a device output code has fewer bits than the input code has, the device is usually
called an encoder.
Octal to binary encoder
  Octal-to-Binary take 8 inputs and provides 3 outputs, thus doing the opposite of what the
3-to-8 decoder does.
 At any one time, only one input line has a value of 1. The figure below shows the truth
table of an Octal-to-binary encoder.

Table: Truth Table of octal to binary encoder

Decoder
 The decoder is an electronic device that is used to convert digital signal to an analogue
signal. It allows single input line and produces multiple output lines. 
 The decoders are used in many communication projects that are used to communicate
between two devices.
 The decoder allows N- inputs and generates 2 power N-numbers of outputs. For example, if
we give 2 inputs that will produce 4 outputs by using 4 by 2 decoder.

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Block Diagram

Truth Table

Multiplexer:
 A Multiplexer is a device that allows one of several analog or digital input signals which
are to be selected and transmits the input that is selected into a single medium. 
 Multiplexer is also known as Data Selector. A multiplexer of 2n inputs has n select lines
that will be used to select input line to send to the output.
 Multiplexer is abbreviated as Mux. MUX sends digital or analog signals at higher speed on
a single line in one shared device.
 It recovers the separate signals at the receiving end.  The Multiplexer boosts or amplifies
the information that later transferred over network within a particular bandwidth and time.
 This article gives an overview of what is multiplexer and types of multiplexer.
 It quite often happens, in the design of large-scale digital systems, that a single line is
required to carry two or more different digital signals. Of course, only one signal at a time
can
be placed on the one line.
 What is required is a device that will allow us to select, at different instants, the signal we
wish to place on this common line. Such a circuit is referred to as a Multiplexer.
 A multiplexer performs the function of selecting the input on any one of 'n' input lines and
feeding this input to one output line.
 Multiplexers are used as one method of reducing the number of integrated circuit packages
required by a particular circuit design. This in turn reduces the cost of the system.

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Truth table
 Assume that we have four lines, C0, C1, C2 and C3, which are to be multiplexed on a
single line, Output (f). The four input lines are also known as the Data Inputs.
 Since there are four inputs, we will need two additional inputs to the multiplexer, known as
the Select Inputs, to select which of the C inputs is to appear at the output.
 Call these select lines A and B. The gate implementation of a 4-line to 1-line multiplexer is
shown below:

Figure: the circuit symbol for the multiplexer

Demultiplexer:

 The data distributor, known more commonly as a Demultiplexer or “Demux” for short, is
the exact opposite of the Multiplexer we saw in the previous tutorial.
Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):
 http://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/combination/comb_3.html
 http://www.edgefxkits.com/blog/encoders-and-decoders-truth-tables/
 http://electronics-course.com/demux
Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:
 M. Morris Mano, “Digital Design”, 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.,
2003 / Pearson Education (Singapore) Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2003.

Subject Teacher Verified by HoD/ECE

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