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Avionics Lecture Handouts (L-11)

The document provides information from a lecture on number system conversions. It discusses converting between decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal number systems. The key points covered include: 1) Decimal to other bases involves repeatedly dividing by the new base and recording remainders as digits from right to left. 2) Converting other bases to decimal involves determining the positional value of each digit and multiplying by the digit value. 3) Octal and hexadecimal can be converted to binary by grouping digits into sets of 3 or 4 and converting each group. 4) Binary can be converted to octal and hexadecimal by grouping digits into sets of 3 or 4 from the right.

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Gowri Shankar
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59 views4 pages

Avionics Lecture Handouts (L-11)

The document provides information from a lecture on number system conversions. It discusses converting between decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal number systems. The key points covered include: 1) Decimal to other bases involves repeatedly dividing by the new base and recording remainders as digits from right to left. 2) Converting other bases to decimal involves determining the positional value of each digit and multiplying by the digit value. 3) Octal and hexadecimal can be converted to binary by grouping digits into sets of 3 or 4 and converting each group. 4) Binary can be converted to octal and hexadecimal by grouping digits into sets of 3 or 4 from the right.

Uploaded by

Gowri Shankar
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MAHENDRA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

MAHENDHIRAPURI, MALLASAMUDRAM - 637503 L-11


AE

Lecture Handouts
Subject Name: AVIONICS
VII/IV

Staff Name : Mr. J. GOWRI SHANKAR, AP/ECE

Unit : II (PRINCIPLES OF DIGITAL SYSTEMS) Date of


Lecture:

Topic of Lecture: Number System Conversions

Introduction :

 There are many methods or techniques which can be used to convert numbers from one base to
another.
 Number System conversion is needed Since all the Computer Systems and Microprocessor based Sytems
operate with hexadecimal Numbers.
 For easy representation and understanding Decimal Numbers are used.

Prerequisite knowledge for Complete learning of Topic:

 Basics of Number System


 Basic Arithmetic Oprations

Detailed content of the Lecture:

Number System Conversion can be broadly classified into following Categories


 Decimal to Other Base Systems
 Other Base Systems to Decimal
 Octal & Hexadecimal to Binary
 Binary to Octal & Hexadecimal

DECIMAL TO OTHER BASE SYSTEMS :


STEPS INVOLVED:

 Step 1 − Divide the decimal number to be converted by the value of the new base.
 Step 2 − Get the remainder from Step 1 as the rightmost digit (least significant digit) of new base
number.
 Step 3 − Divide the quotient of the previous divide by the new base.
 Step 4 − Record the remainder from Step 3 as the next digit (to the left) of the new base number.
 Repeat Steps 3 and 4, getting remainders from right to left, until the quotient becomes zero in Step
3.
 The last remainder thus obtained will be the Most Significant Digit (MSD) of the new base number.

Fig 2.1 : Decimal to Other Base Systems


OTHER BASE SYSTEMS TO DECIMAL :
STEPS INVOLVED:
 Step 1 − Determine the column (positional) value of each digit (this depends on the position of the
digit and the base of the number system).
 Step 2 − Multiply the obtained column values (in Step 1) by the digits in the corresponding
columns.
 Step 3 − Sum the products calculated in Step 2. The total is the equivalent value in decimal.

OCTAL & HEXADECIMAL TO BINARY :


STEPS INVOLVED(OCTAL TO BINARY) :
 Step 1 − Convert each octal digit to a 3 digit binary number (the octal digits may be treated as
decimal for this conversion).
 Step 2 − Combine all the resulting binary groups (of 3 digits each) into a single binary number.
STEPS INVOLVED(HEXADECIMAL TO BINARY) :
 Step 1 − Convert each hexadecimal digit to a 4 digit binary number (the hexadecimal digits may be
treated as decimal for this conversion).
 Step 2 − Combine all the resulting binary groups (of 4 digits each) into a single binary number.
BINARY TO OCTAL & HEXADECIMAL :
STEPS INVOLVED(BINARY TO OCTAL) :
 Step 1 − Divide the binary digits into groups of three (starting from the right).
 Step 2 − Convert each group of three binary digits to one octal digit.
STEPS INVOLVED(BINARY TO HEXADECIMAL) :
 Step 1 − Divide the binary digits into groups of four (starting from the right).
 Step 2 − Convert each group of four binary digits to one hexadecimal symbol.
Detailed content of the Lecture:

 The digital data is represented, stored and transmitted as group of binary bits. This group is also
called as binary code.
WEIGHTED CODES
 Weighted binary codes are those binary codes which obey the positional weight principle.
 Each position of the number represents a specific weight.

Fig 3.1 : Weighted Codes Representation


NON-WEIGHTED CODES
 In this type of binary codes, the positional weights are not assigned.
 The examples of non-weighted codes are Excess-3 code and Gray code.

EXCESS-3 CODE
 The Excess-3 code is also called as XS-3 code. It is non-weighted code used to express decimal
numbers.
 The Excess-3 code words are derived from the 8421 BCD code words adding (0011)2 or (3)10 to
each code word in 8421.

GRAY CODE
 It is the non-weighted code and it is not arithmetic codes.
 That means there are no specific weights assigned to the bit position.
 It has a very special feature that, only one bit will change each time the decimal number is
incremented.

Fig 3.2 : Gray Code Representation

BINARY CODED DECIMAL (BCD) CODE


In this code each decimal digit is represented by a 4-bit binary number. BCD is a way to express each of
the decimal digits with a binary code.

Fig 3.3 : BCD Representation


Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JTa1XthNDD0&list=PLLzusDodN2ndVdeuXR7g_E0q-uKSK8cGt
2. http://https//www.youtube.com/watch?v=PHFrOJLYOoo&list=PLLzusDodN2ndVdeuXR7g_E0q-
%20uKSK8cGt&index=3

Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:


1. Digital Electronics-Technical Publications D.A Godse & A.P Godse, Page No: 1-5 to 1-10
2. M.Morris Mano , ‘Digital Logic & Computer Design ‘ , Prentice Hall of India,2002

Subject Teacher Verified by HoD

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