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NMAT BIOLOGY SIMULATIONS (MOCK 3R)

DIRECTIONS: Select the best answer to each of the a. High levels of dissolved oxygen
following questions and blacken the appropriate space on b. High salinity
your answer sheet. c. Large numbers of anaerobes
d. Eutrophication
1. Which of the following are important biotic factors that
can affect the structure and organization of biological 7. Which of the following questions is most appropriate to
communities? an investigation at the population level?
a. Nutrient availability, soil pH, light intensity a. What is the effect of diminished resources on an
b. Precipitation, wind, temperature individual's life span?
c. Predation, competition, disease b. What is the relationship between resource availability and
d. all of the above birthrate?
c. What factors influence the distribution of tropical forests?
2. Which of the following statements about the vascular d. How long does it take for carbon to be cycled from the
cambium is TRUE? atmosphere into living tissue?
a. the vascular cambium is responsible for production of
branch roots 8. Organisms such as lizards that need to maintain body
b. the vascular cambium is only found in dicots temperature through external means do so by
c. the vascular cambium produces phloem to the inside and a. shivering to produce heat
xylem to the outside b. exposing their bodies to sunlight for hours
d. All of the above statements are FALSE c. eating large meals to provide calories for heat production
d. running frequently to warm up
3. The prayer plant, Maranta leuconeura, folds up its leaves
each night in accordance with a circadian rhythm. If we 9. The energy pyramid shows the decreasing pattern of
were to ship this plant halfway around the world to a energy from producers to consumers and from one trophic
location where it is daytime there when it is night here, the level to another. Producers are placed at the base of the
plant will pyramid because _____________.
a. slowly adjust to synchronize with the new day-night a. they are used up at a faster rate
cycle. b. they have the most amount of energy available
b. immediately switch to a new cycle and begin to open c. they can be found in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem
leaves in day and close them at night. d. they have pigments available in producing their own food
c. detect the change but remain on its original cycle and
therefore still fold leaves in day and open them at night. 10. The response of stems growing upward is referred to as
d. not detect the change and therefore remain on its original a. negative gravitropism c. negative phototropism
cycle. b. positive gravitropism d. positive phototropism

4. Which of the following would be most likely to exhibit 11. Introduced species
uniform dispersion? a. Can disrupt the balance of the natural species with which
a. Cattails, which grow primarily at the edges of lakes and they become associated with
streams b. Often fail to colonize the new area
b. dwarf mistletoes, which parasitize particular species of c. Can become common enough to become part of the
forest trees natural species
c. Tassel-eared squirrels, which are non-territorial d. Often become sterile due to not being able to adapt.
d. Red squirrels, which hide food and actively defend
territories

5. Population density is described as population size per unit

area/volume. In population density, two kinds of factors are
being considered: dependent and independent factors.
Which of the following is not a density independent factor? 12. Resource partitioning is best described by which of the
a. diseases c. hurricane ff. statements?
b. forest fires d. climate change a. Species diversity is maintained by switching between prey
species
b. A climax community is reached when no new niches are
6. Which of the following is characteristic of a fast-moving available
stream ecosystem? c. Slight variations in niche allow similar species to coexist

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d. Two species can coevolve and share the same niche 20. Under water stress, the leaves of plants are found to
contain higher concentrations of
13. Which of the following statements is consistent with the a. Giberillin c. Cytokinins
competitive exclusion principle? b. Auxin d. Abscissic Acid
a. Density of one competing species will have a positive
impact on the population growth of the competing species. 21. Which of the following apples will ripen the fastest?
b. Two species with the same fundamental niche will a. an apple often flushed with carbon dioxide
exclude other competing species. b. an apple with an ethylene-releasing banana enclosed in a
c. Even a slight reproductive advantage will eventually lead bag
to the elimination of inferior species. c. an apple with a beaker of an ethylene-releasing chemical
d. Evolution tends to increase competition between related in a plastic bag
species. d. choices b and c

14. In a plant cell, where are the ATP synthase complexes 22. Succession is
found? a. series of physical changes that occur in an area
a. thylakoid membrane b. development of biotic communities on a bare area
b. plasma membrane c. series of biotic communities that appear in a previously
c. inner mitochondrial membrane bare area
d. A and C d. replacement of old individuals by new individuals of a
species
15. The main difference between primary and secondary
succession is that… 23. Which of the following is an example of a characteristic
a. primary succession occurs in the year before secondary of life known as metabolism found in plants?
succession a. A plant produces seeds, perpetuating the species.
b. primary succession occurs on barren, rocky areas and b. An unattended potted plant that gets knocked over in the
secondary succession does not greenhouse produces a shoot that bends toward the light
c. secondary succession ends in a climax species while and away from the pull of gravity.
primary succession ends in a pioneer species c. Cell division occurring in the apical meristem of the stem
d. secondary succession occurs on barren, rocky areas and and root extends the length of these modules.
primary succession does not. d. Sunlight energy is captured by a plant leaf through the
process called photosynthesis.
16. Which of the following does not represent a potential
threat to biodiversity? 24. The main plant bodies in bryophytes and pteridophytes
a. Importing a European insect into the Philippines to are
control an undesirable weed a. gametophytic in both
b. Letting previously used farmland go fallow and begin to b. sporophytic in both
fill with weeds and shrubs c. gametophytic in bryophytes and sporophytic in
c. harvesting all of the oysters from an oyster bed off the pteridophytes
Atlantic coast d. sporophytic in bryophytes and gametophytic in
d. Shooting wolves because they pose a threat to cattle pteridophytes
farmers
25. Occurrence of anthers and the stigma at different levels
17. Whether a land area supports a deciduous forest or in a flower is referred as
grassland primarily depends on… a. Herkogamy c. Dichogamy
a. changes in temperature b. Flower constancy d. Protandry
b. latitude north or south of the equator
c. consistency of rainfall from year to year and the effect 26. Which of the following factors does not help determine
that it has on fires biotic potential?
d. changes in length of the growing season a. maximum number of offspring
b. number of times that a species reproduces each year
18. Cell membrane carbohydrates participate in c. favorable light and temperature conditions
a. Transporting substances across membranes d. number of offspring that reach reproductive age
b. Cell to cell recognition
c. Attaching the membrane to the cytoskeleton
d. Attaching the membrane to the cell wall
19. Which of the following would not qualify as an 27. Biologist Charles Darwin emphasized that evolution can
ecosystem service? be best be explained as a consequence of natural selection.
a. rain falling on land Which of the following statements correctly describes
b. squirrels burying acorns Darwin’s “Natural Selection”?
c. leaves falling on the forest floor a. Chance events results in a change of allele frequencies.
d. blowfly larvae infesting a dear carcass b. As the conditions of nature change, individuals that are
fittest and most adaptable will survive and evolve.

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c. Populations exchange members to converge toward one d. both a and c are correct
another.
d. As the organism continues to use a certain part of its 36. In the angiosperms, the
body, it enlarges or elongates. a. gametophyte is prominent, and the sporophyte is
dependent upon the gametophyte.
28. Growth pattern in pollen tube is similar to that of fungal b. sporophyte is prominent, with the sporophyte and
hyphae or root hairs in exhibiting gametophyte living independently.
a. oscillated elongation of tube c. sporophyte is prominent, and the gametophyte is
b. tip-oriented growth dependent upon the sporophyte.
c. multiple-oriented growth d. gametophyte is prominent, and the sporophyte stage has
d. predetermined path of growth disappeared.

29. The increased productivity of lakes and streams brought 37. All plants exhibit alternation of generations. This means
about by nutrient enrichment is known as their life cycle
a. greenhouse effect c. eutrophication a. includes both haploid and diploid gametes.
b. biomagnification d. bioaugmentation b. shows only asexual reproduction.
c. has both a multicellular haploid stage and a multicellular
30. Competition is the most severe between two diploid stage.
a. closely related species growing in different niches d. does not include meiosis
b. closely related species growing in the same habitat
c. distantly related species growing in the same habitat 38. A tree’s growth in uniform environmental conditions
d. distantly related species growing in different niches such as those which grow near the equator throughout the
year will
31. Most of the water taken up by the plant is a. not show secondary growth
a. split during photosynthesis as a source of electrons and b. not reveal annual rings with distinct spring and autumn
hydrogen wood
b. lost by transpiration through stomata c. have annual rings which can be used to date the tree
c. absorbed by cells during their elongation d. have only phloem formed by the activity of the cambium
d. incorporated directly into organic material
39. Development of shoot and root is determined by:
32. The energy pyramid shows the decreasing pattern of a. Cytokinin and auxin ratio c. Enzymes
energy from producers to consumers and from one trophic b. Temperature d. Plant nutrients
level to another. Producers are placed at the base of the
pyramid because _____________. 40. Students were asked to collect data on the plant Trifolio
a. they are used up at a faster rate petalia. Two students reported finding a plant with flowers
b. they have the most amount of energy available having four petals instead of the usual 3. Which of the ff.
c. they can be found in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem explains this observation?
d. they have pigments available in producing their own food a. Unusual findings such as this usually occurs and can
easily be disregarded
33. Fifteen years ago, your parents hung a swing from the b. All plants having 3 petals produce some flowers with 4
lower branch of a large tree growing in your yard. When petals
you go and sit in it today, you realize it is exactly the same c. These flowers are actually the result of a new species and
height off the ground as it was when you first sat in it 15 in a few years, this group of plants will have formed 2
years ago. The reason the swing has not grown taller as the species.
tree has grown is that d. Slight variation in the number of petals may occur due to
a. the tree trunk is showing secondary growth. accidental changes during development
b. the tree trunk is part of the primary growth system of the
plant, but elongation is no longer occurring in that part of
the tree.
c. trees lack apical meristems and so do not get taller.
d. you are hallucinating, because it is impossible for the
swing not to have gotten taller as the tree grew 41. When O2 is released as a result of photosynthesis, it is a
byproduct of which of the ff.?
34. Mosses are thought to resemble the primitive plants that a. reducing NADP+
first inhabited the land. Interestingly, these plants lack a b. splitting of H2O molecules
vascular system. Therefore they should lack c. the electron transfer systems of Photosystem I and II
a. mesophyll cells. c. shoots. d. chemiosmosis
b. phloem. d. collenchyma.
42. All of the following statements regarding characteristics
35. Ecological pyramids can be inverted when.. of predator-prey relationships are correct EXCEPT:
a. they represent number of organisms a. A rise in the population of prey is often followed by a rise
b. they represent energy content of organisms in population of predators.
c. they represent biomass of organism

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b. A rise in the population of predators is followed by a
decrease in the population of prey.
c. Camouflage is an adaptation that protects prey.
d. The population of predators most often eliminates the
population of prey.

43. A few seconds after touching the Mimosa pudica plant, 49. A botanist used a device called a dendrometer to
its leaflets fold together. It takes about 10 minutes or more measure slight changes in the diameter of a tree trunk
for the plant to region and restore the natural form of the caused by water movement in the xylem. The device made
leaf. A good explanation for this is: simultaneous measurements at different heights, graphed
a. Cells suddenly become flaccid after stimulation because above. This suggests that
of the loss of K+ a. water is pulled up the trunk
b. Cells suddenly become turgid after stimulation because of b. water is pulled down the trunk
loss of Na+ c. no movement of water in the trunk takes place
c. Cells suddenly become flaccid after stimulation because of d. none of these
the loss of Na+
d. none of these 50. Which of the following best explains why there are
seldom more than five trophic levels in a food chain?
44. Based on surface-area to volume considerations, we a. Most carnivores function at more than one trophic level.
would predict that populations of mammals that live in b. Trophic levels above this number contain too many
colder climates should have _______ bodies than individuals.
populations of the same species in warm climates. c. Top carnivores are too few in number to prey effectively.
a. smaller c. larger d. The ecosystem contains too much biomass.
b. leaner d. taller e. Energy is lost from each trophic level.

45. Consider the following statements associated with the

germination of an angiospermous seed:
a. As the seed gets hydrated and germinates, enzymatic
activity slows and picks up speed as the plant grows
b. The respiration rate of the germinating seed increases
along with the increased enzymatic activity
c. The increase in the respiratory rate continues till
senescence
d. Rate of enzymatic activity decreases

46. On a sunny day, the closing of stomata in plant leaves

results in
a. a decrease in CO2 intake
b. a shift from C4 photosynthesis to C3 photosynthesis
c. an increase in transpiration
d. an increase in the concentration of CO2 in mesophyll cells

47. Which of the following factors is most important in the

movement of water up a tall tree?
a. Guttation c. Capillarity in the phloem
b. Air pressure d. Leaf transpiration

48. The productivity of a crop begins to decline when leaves

begin to wilt mainly because:
a. The chlorophyll wilting leaves decomposes.
b. Flaccid mesophyll cells are incapable of photosynthesis
c. Stomata close, preventing CO2 from entering the leaves
d. none of these