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Opitz Classification and Coding System PDF

The document discusses the Opitz classification and coding system for grouping similar parts in manufacturing. It was developed by Opitz at the Technical University of Aachen in 1970. The system uses a nine-digit code to classify parts based on attributes like shape, features, material, and accuracy. Additional digits can be added. Similar parts can be grouped using this coding system to improve processes like design, manufacturing, and purchasing. Methods like average linkage clustering and HPFOCS can be used to group parts based on their Opitz codes. An example shows how a cast iron flange would be coded in the system.

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Tarza Bayez
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3K views

Opitz Classification and Coding System PDF

The document discusses the Opitz classification and coding system for grouping similar parts in manufacturing. It was developed by Opitz at the Technical University of Aachen in 1970. The system uses a nine-digit code to classify parts based on attributes like shape, features, material, and accuracy. Additional digits can be added. Similar parts can be grouped using this coding system to improve processes like design, manufacturing, and purchasing. Methods like average linkage clustering and HPFOCS can be used to group parts based on their Opitz codes. An example shows how a cast iron flange would be coded in the system.

Uploaded by

Tarza Bayez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ministry of Higher Education and

Scientific Research
University of Technology
Dep. of Production Engineering
and Metallurgy
TECHNICAL REPORT 2019-2020

Branch: CAD CAM


Subject: automation

Opitz classification and


coding system

‫ ژﯾﮑﺎل ﺑﺎﯾﺰ ﮐﺮﯾﻢ‬:‫اﺳﻢ اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬


‫ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻢ و اﻟﺘﺼﻨﯿﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﺎن ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮب‬:‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬
‫ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬
‫ اﻻﺗﻤﺘﻪ‬:‫اﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﺎدة‬

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Opitz classification and coding system

Introduction to GT:
Group technology (GT) portrays a significant role in improving
productivity for the cellular manufacturing systems (CMS) which
classifies homogeneous parts and clusters them into part families
based on their manufacturing designs, attributes and geometric
shapes (Burbidge, 1963). It scrutinizes products, parts and
assemblies and then assembles homogeneous items to simplify
design, manufacturing, purchasing and other business processes.
Group Technology reduces the time required for practicing
engineering drawings for homogeneous parts, and the cost and
time required for designing supplementary machining apparatus
such as typically designed cutting tools, jigs and fixtures etc. A
successful implementation of GT can eventually minimize the
engineering and tooling costs, quicken product development,
enhance costing accuracy, simplify process planning and the
overall purchasing process (Galan et al., 2007). A major
prerequisite in implementing GT is the recognition of part families
(Wemmerlov and Hyer, 1987), a group of parts sharing
homogeneous design and manufacturing attributes. Early research
in this domain has been dedicated primarily on the formation of
production-oriented part families. However these methodologies are
inadequate in achieving the needs of other extents of
manufacturing. For example, parts with homogeneous shape, size,
dimension or other design characteristics are believed to be
clustered in a single family for design justification and elimination of
part varieties. Therefore the scope of this domain of investigation is
believed to be expanded and examined to a wider span of part
similarities, which are assumed to be identified sooner than the
formation of part families based on shape, length/diameter ratio,
material type, part function, dimensions, tolerances, surface

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finishing, process, operations, machine tool, operation sequence,
annual production quantity, fixtures needed, lot sizes (Groover and
Zimmers 1984). This paper proposes a state-of-the-art part family
identification technique called HPFOCS, to investigate the nature of
similarities and to describe the effectiveness of the technique in
solving
the problem in hand.

Opitz Coding System:


This classification and coding system was initially proposed by
Opitz (1970) at Aachen Technology University in Germany. The
basic code comprises of nine digits that can be
extended by additional four digits. The general interpretations of the
nine digits are as indicated
in Figure 1.

The interpretation of the first 9 digits is:

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Digit 1: General shape of workpiece, otherwise called ‘part-class’.
This is further
subdivided into rotational and non-rotational classes and further
divided by size
(length/diameter ratio.)
Digit 2: External shapes and relevant form. Features are recognized
as stepped, conical,
straight contours. Threads and grooves are also important.
Digit 3: Internal shapes. Features are solid, bored, straight or bored
in stepped diameter.
Threads and grooves are integral part.
Digit 4: Surface plane machining, such as internal or external
curved surfaces, slots,
splines.
Digit 5: Auxiliary holes and gear teeth.
Digit 6: Diameter or length of workpiece.
Digit 7: Material Used.
Digit 8: Shape of raw materials, such as round bar, sheet metal,
casting, tubing etc.
Digit 9: Workpiece accuracy.
All the 9 digits are interpreted numerically (0-9). An example of
square cast-iron flange is
shown in Figure 2 in this context. The Opitz codes of square
cast-iron flange is 65443 6070
(Ham et al., 1985). The attributes are denoted as a1-a9,
a1=6 (Non-rotational, flat component with A/B<= 3, A/C > 4.)
a2=5 (Flat small deviations from casting.)
a3=4 (Main bores are parallel.)
a4=4 (Plane stepped surface.)
a5=3 (Drilling pattern for holes, drilled in one direction.)
a6=6 (400 mm. < length of edge <=600 mm.)
a7=0 (material is cast iron.)
a8=7 (Internal form: Casting.)

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a9=0 (surface finish none.)

Part grouping problem deals with categorical data in the vicinity of


cellular manufacturing system. However linkage clustering methods
are developed to group the observations (continuous items) rather
than the categorical variables (Anderberg, 1973). The issue of
variable clustering generally requires for dimension scaling. In order
to utilize the linkage methods such as average linkage (ALC) or
single linkage (SLCA) substantial modifications are assumed to be
added (Seifoddini and Wolfe, 1986). Therefore to achieve this goal
an improved similarity measure was proposed by Offodile (1992)
which is appropriate for the categorical data presented by Opitz
coding system. In present study Offodile’s similarity measure
isutilized to avoid such drawbacks and the ALC and HPFOCS
techniques are modified accordingly which further can consider the
categorical data to group the parts using classification and coding
system. The next section elaborates these methodologies.

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The OPITZ classification system:

● it is a mixed (hybrid) coding system

● developed by Opitz, Technical University of Aachen, 1970

● it is widely used in industry

● it provides a basic framework for understanding the


classification and coding process

● it can be applied to machined parts, non-machined parts (both


formed and cast) and purchased parts

● it considers both design and manufacturing information

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EXAMPLE:

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SOLUTION:
● L/D = 1.98 here 0.5<L/D <3. Digit 1

● External shape ; stepped with one side with a functional groove-


digit 3

● Internal shape – through hole -digit1

● Plane surface machining - digit 0

● Aux. holes and gear teeth- spur gear digit 6

● Answer = 13106

References:
1- "Definition from Businessdictionary.com".
www.businessdictionary.com. Retrieved 12 May 2013.
2- "Definition from All Data Labs". www.alldatalabs.com. Retrieved 1 Jan
2016.

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