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    Relationship EMI-EMDR

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    Iveta Nikolova
    The document discusses the origins of EMDR and its relationship to earlier eye movement techniques from neuro-linguistic programming. It describes how Francine Shapiro, who later claimed to have invented EMDR, was taught eye movement techniques by John Grinder but did not reference him. Robert Dilts also researched eye movements and their association with sensory processing.

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    Relationship EMI-EMDR

    Uploaded by

    Iveta Nikolova
    37 views1 page
    The document discusses the origins of EMDR and its relationship to earlier eye movement techniques from neuro-linguistic programming. It describes how Francine Shapiro, who later claimed to have invented EMDR, was taught eye movement techniques by John Grinder but did not reference him. Robert Dilts also researched eye movements and their association with sensory processing.

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    The document discusses the origins of EMDR and its relationship to earlier eye movement techniques from neuro-linguistic programming. It describes how Francine Shapiro, who later claimed to have invented EMDR, was taught eye movement techniques by John Grinder but did not reference him. Robert Dilts also researched eye movements and their association with sensory processing.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    37 views1 page

    Relationship EMI-EMDR

    Uploaded by

    Iveta Nikolova
    The document discusses the origins of EMDR and its relationship to earlier eye movement techniques from neuro-linguistic programming. It describes how Francine Shapiro, who later claimed to have invented EMDR, was taught eye movement techniques by John Grinder but did not reference him. Robert Dilts also researched eye movements and their association with sensory processing.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 1

    The Relationship Between Eye Movement Integration (EMI) and

    Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)

    By: Dr. Randi Fredricks, Ph.D.

    Long before eye movement desensitization and reprocessing was called, "EMDR," there were a
    number of eye movement trauma techniques that came out of research in the 1960s, particularly
    in relation to neuro-linguistic programming (NLP). John Grinder, one of the founders of NLP,
    taught these techniques to an administrator who worked with him. The administrator was
    Francine Shapiro, who then later claimed to have invented EMDR without reference to Grinder,
    or any other source for that matter.

    According to John Grinder in The Whispering and the Wind Forum:

    "Francine Shapiro worked (administration and sales) in the Santa Cruz offices of Grinder,
    Delozier and Associates in the 80's. She approached me one day and told me that a friend of hers
    from New York has been raped and she wanted to help her through this trauma and ensure that
    she exited cleanly and without scars. I told Francine to put her in resourceful state (anchored) and
    have her systematically move her eyes through the various accessing positions typical of the
    major representational systems (with the exception of the kinesthetic access). I suggested that she
    see, hear (but not feel) the events in question - obviously the kinesthetics were to remain
    resourceful (the anchored state) while she processed the event. She later reported that the work
    had been successful. You may imagine my surprise when I later learned that she had apparently
    turned these suggestions into a pattern presented in an extended training, with no reference to
    source, with a copyright and a rather rigorous set of documents essentially restricting anyone
    trained in this from offering it to the rest of the world."

    Robert Dilts was one of Grinder's original students at the University of Santa Cruz in the early
    1970s.. Dilts went on to become one of the most prominent figures in NLP. In one of his classes,
    Grinder gave Dilts an assignment to work with eye movement. Dilts then began doing his own
    impromptu research. Dilts offered the hypothesis that eye movements were related to the sensory
    mode of cognitive processing occurring, making the following generalizations:

    ! Movements upward of the horizontal plane are related to visual processing.


    ! Movements along the horizontal plane are associated with auditory processing, and
    ! Movements downward from the horizontal plane are associated with kinesthetic, and
    other nonverbal phenomena.
    ! A later observation was that spatial orientation along the left-right horizon is often
    associated with past-future distinctions, respectively (in visual and auditory modes).

    Shapiro's story about the origins of EMDR refer to her personal experience. She claimed to have
    discovered EMDR as she was walking one day. She said that she found herself processing
    negative psychological material along with REM behavior. As a psychologist, she wondered if
    this would be replicable with clients. In other words, she wondered if she could duplicate the
    REM behavior while attending to a distressing cognitive event and unpleasant internal visual
    image, and lessen in negative impact? The only problem with this scenario is that Grinder had
    basically already taught Shapiro the technique.

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