43rd IIEE ANNUAL NATIONAL CONVENTION

By : Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE

About the Lecturer
RESONANZ TG Inc. 2011 – Present
• Vice President – Construction
• PCAB - Authorized Managing Officer
• Consultant

Toyota Motor Philippines Corporation:

1991-2011
• Utility Engineering Head
• Resident Electrical Engineer
• Energy Management Auditor
ENGR. JOZANE F. JALBUENA, PEE • Environmental Lead Auditor
• Professional Electrical Engineer, PEE 3981 Institute of Integrated Electrical
• Project Management and Electrical Consultant Engineer
• Wide Experience in Energy, Electrical, Environmental • Life Member
Management System • 2012 Southern Luzon Governor
• Certified Hazardous Material and Waste Emergency • Northern Laguna 2008 Chapter President,
Responder • (Awarded 2008 Most Outstanding Chapter)
• Environmental Management System Lead Auditor, • 2010 Region IV Deputy Governor
AJA • TWG Committee Member

RESONANZ TG INC
 BACK GROUND
1. Unknown Arc Flash Incident Energy

2. Selection of PPE for EEW, arc flash incident energy were not
considered.
3. Arc Flash Incident Energy, Safe Boundary , Required PPE are not
written in the Panel Board Safety Warning

RESONANZ TG INC IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
RESONANZ TG INC IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
DOLE - OSHS

Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE

RESONANZ TG INC
DOLE - OSHS

RESONANZ TG INC
RESONANZ TG INC IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
 What is Arc Flash?

Discharge of electricity through

a combination of ionized air
and vaporized conductor
material.

The conductive material is

vaporized by temperatures in
an arc which can be as high as
19,426 oC (35,000oF)

IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention

RESONANZ TG INC SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
 Arc Flash Accident

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4bBvmPRqfmo
IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention
RESONANZ TG INC SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
 IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention
RESONANZ TG INC SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
 IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention
RESONANZ TG INC SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
 Why do we need to calculate Arc Flash Incident Energy
and Arc Flash Boundary?

Electrical Safety Improvement; elimination of electrical fire hazard and

fatal incident…

1. Risk mitigation, INCIDENT ENERGY reduction

2. Determine a correct PPE requirement for electrical works,

base on the calculated INCIDENT ENERGY

3. Work place safety distance ARC FLASH BOUNDARY

IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention

RESONANZ TG INC SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
 FACTORS INFLUENCE ARC FLASH ENERGY
1. Short Circuit Current
- Bolted Fault Current

2. Time Current Curve, Protective

Coordination
- Arc Fault Current
- Bolted Fault Current

3 . Distance to Arc Fault

- Working Distance ; is the total distance from the
live parts to panel enclosure and from the
enclosure to the personnel standing

IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention

RESONANZ TG INC SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
 How to Determine Arc Flash Incident Energy?
The Arc Flash analysis requires the completion of a Short Circuit Study and a
Coordination Study.

The results of the Arc Flash calculations are based on the calculated values of fault
current magnitudes found in the short circuit study and the associated clearing
times of overcurrent protection devices as determined by the coordination study.

NFPA 70E Arc Flash Method

EARC = 1038.7 DA-1.4738 × tA [0.0093 F2 - 0.3453F + 5.9673] Arc in a Cube Box

EARC = 5271 DA-19593 × tA [0.0016 F2 - 0.0076F + 0.8938] Arc in a Open Air

Where :
EARC - Incident Energy, cal/cm2
DA - Working Distance (IEEE 1584 Table 3) or verify at the site
tA - Device Tripping Time / Clearing Time ( IEEE 1584 Table 1)
F - Short Circuit Current, kA
IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention
RESONANZ TG INC SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
 IEEE 1584 - 2002 - TABLE 1

IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention

RESONANZ TG INC SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
 System Parameters per IEEE 1584

IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention

RESONANZ TG INC SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
 Table 4.11: Hazard/Risk Classification as per
NFPA 70-E (2004)
Incident energy that will cause a just treatable burn or second degree about 5.0
J/cm2. or 1.2cal/cm2 for instance human figure expose to butane light in 1
second at 1cm away, expose area is about cm2, the finger are exposed to about
5.0 J/cm2 or 1.2cal/cm2

Incident Energy
Hazard Risk
Category, HRC From (cal./cm2) To (cal./cm2)

0 0.00 1.2
1 1.2 4.0
2 4.0 8.0
3 8.0 25.0
4 25.0 40.0
IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention
RESONANZ TG INC SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
 Hazard Category and PPE / Clothing Rating

Required Min.
Incident Energy
PPE / Clothing Clothing Arc Rating of
HRC
Description Layers PPE
From Cal/cm2
To (cal./cm2)
(cal./cm2)

0 0.00 1.2 Untreated Cotton 1 N/A

1 1.2 4.0 FR Shirt & Pants 1 4

Cotton Under wear+ FR

2 4.0 8.0 1 or 2 8
Shirt & Pants

Cotton Under wear + FR

3 8.0 25.0 shirt & Pant + FR 2 or 3 25
Coverall+ hood

HRC 3 requirement +
4 25.0 40.0 3 or More 40
Flash Suit

IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention

RESONANZ TG INC SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
 PPE REQUIREMENT PER CATEGORY

Hazard Risk Hazard Risk Hazard Risk Hazard Risk Hazard Risk
Category 0 Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4
Untreated Cotton FR Shirt & Pants Cotton Under wear Cotton Under wear HRC 3 requirement
+ FR Shirt & Pants + FR shirt & Pant + Flash Suit
+ FR Coverall
IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention
+ hood
RESONANZ TG INC SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
 Using Arc Flash Suit / Correct PPE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xFnq1AzHfrQ
IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention
RESONANZ TG INC SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
 Boundaries for Arc Flash Protection

IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention

RESONANZ TG INC SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
 Boundaries for Arch Flash Protection and Shock Approach Limits

480-600V 480-600V 480-600V

1.07M 305 mm 25mm
Determine
through Arc 4.16 -13.8Kv 4.16 -13.8Kv 4.16 -13.8Kv
Boundary 1.52M 660 mm 187mm
Calculation
15.1 -36kV 15.1 -36kV 15.1 -36kV
1.82M 780 mm 254mm

IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention

RESONANZ TG INC SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
 Determine Flash Protection Boundary, NFPA 70E
1/X
E
DB = D
Where: EB

DB = distance of the boundary from the arcing point (see note)

D = working distance (see note)
E = maximum incident energy at working distance in cal/cm2
EB = incident energy at boundary, usually 1.2 cal/cm2 for arcing time > 0.1s.
x = distance exponent factor (see Table 4.12)

Note:
Distances DB and D must both be in the same units. They can be expressed in
inches or mm.

IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention

RESONANZ TG INC SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
 Panel Board Warning

IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention

RESONANZ TG INC SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
 Why Arc Flash Happened?
• Poor Electrical Design
– Power System Study were not performed
– Not Cost Effective Design

IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention

RESONANZ TG INC SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
 Why Arc Flash Happened?
• Poor Electrical System Management
– Additional load in the system, fault current were not
reviewed and adjust devise setting and rating.
– Defective Circuit Breaker were replaced with lower kAIC
– Poor Maintenance program.

IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention

RESONANZ TG INC SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
 Why Arc Flash Happened?
• Personnel Skills and Qualification
– Hazard identification
– Mitigate Hazard
– Operate Electrical Equipment
– Electrical Installation

• Procedure / Policy
– No established procedure for switching
– No Policy / Procedure on Electrical
Energized Work

IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention

RESONANZ TG INC SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
 Very Large Industrial Plant

10MVA 34.5kV /6.6kV Main Transformer

With 3 x 1000kVA, 6.6kV/0.230kV and 6 x 1500kVA,
6.6kV/0.440kV distribution transformer

IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention

RESONANZ TG INC SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

• Identify and Quantify SAFETY

✓ Remove hazards and prevent explosion of electrical
equipment when faults occur

• Ensure RELIABILITY
✓ Protective devices shall operate only when they are called
for during faulted conditions
✓ Only the faulted portion of the electrical system should be
isolated
✓ Back-up protective system should operate if primary
protection as first line of defense fails to operate

IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention

RESONANZ TG INC SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
 Scope of the Study
Load Flow Study
✓ Determine the voltage, current, active and reactive power
of the electrical system including the reactive power
compensation.

Short Circuit Study

✓ Computer simulations of three-phase and single line-to-ground
faults according to ANSI/IEEE 242 standards

Comparison of Short Circuit Duties

✓ Determine safety margin of protective devices
▪ Compare protective device duty and the calculated
maximum possible fault currents that the device will interrupt

IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention

RESONANZ TG INC SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
 Scope of the Study
Protection Coordination
✓ Determine settings of protective devices
▪ Plot of Time-Current Characteristics of Circuit Breakers
and Relays against normal and fault currents.

Arc Flash
✓ Determine the flash protection boundary in accordance with
NFPA 70E; the arch-flash incident energy; require labeling
and personnel protective equipment.

IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention

RESONANZ TG INC SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
 FOUND DEFICIENCY IN
THE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
AND RECOMMENDATION

IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention

RESONANZ TG INC SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
 DEFICIENCY – IMPACT – RECOMMENDATION
Voltage Drop
Deficiency Impact Recommendation
Voltage of Feeder line - Voltage deficiency generate addition heat - Install addition cable in
exceed maximum 3% to the cable and that shorten the life of parallel to the existing.
voltage drop as required insulation, result to insulation failure. - Reduction of Loads /
by the PEC 2009. - Equipment Down Time. Affects the plant - Re circuiting
productivity

IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention

RESONANZ TG INC SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
CIRCUIT BREAKER INTERRUPTING CAPACITY DEFICIENCY
 Circuit Breaker Duty Comparison
Deficiency Impact Recommendation
- Low interrupting - Explosion of Circuit Breaker when - Replace circuit breaker
capacity rating of the fault occurred. with low interrupting
circuit breaker • Possible cause of fire capacity compared to
compared to the • Personnel Injury fault current
available fault current
in the system

Installed
42kAIC
Circuit Breaker
Replaced :
Circuit Breaker
62kAIC
Circuit Breaker
 PROTECTIVE RELAY COORDINATION

IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention

RESONANZ TG INC SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
DEFICIENCY – IMPACT – RECOMMENDATION
Protective Relay Coordination
MDB-1

Deficiency Impact Recommendation

▪ Blue tripping curve touch or • The entire MDB 1 load will be • Replace protective relay
intersect with Pink tripping affected. with wide tripping range
curve, meaning if there is • 3 compressors and cooling and with inverse time delay
tower will be affected
fault at compressor side,
• Unwanted production Line stop
1200AT circuit and the MDB
1 will trip off. Entire MDB1
load will be affected.

IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention

RESONANZ TG INC SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
 Category 4 ARC FLASH
Category 3 WITH CATEGORY
Category 2 3 and 4

Protective
Coordination
Issues

IIEE 43rd protection

Annual National Convention
RESONANZ TG INC - No Transformer secondary
SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
- Circuit breakers at LVSG, kAIC rating is lower than the short circuit current
 CATEGORY 3 AND 4 ARC FLASH SUMMARY

NFPA 70-E : Table 220.6(B)(9)(A) Hazard Risk Category Classifications Notes: 0.03Sec = 2 Cycle

IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention

RESONANZ TG INC SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
 Laboratory Simulation of Arc Flash Incident
Arc Flash Category 4, Incident Energy : more than 30 cal/ cm2

Schneider Training Video Material

IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention

RESONANZ TG INC SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
 LVSG IMPROVEMENT

New Installed Air Circuit Breaker

IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention
RESONANZ TG INC SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
 Incident Energy Reduction
Installing Circuit Breaker
WORKING
SYSTEM ARC ARC FLASH PROTECTION
DISTANCE 3PH FAULT 2 RISK
FAULTED BUS VOLTAGE DURATION ENERGY (cal/cm), BOUNDARY,
(mm.) Per IEEE CURRENT (kA) CATEGORY
(kV) (sec) per NFPA70E Feet
1584

PP-220 0.23 610 57.79 0.03 4.91 1 2.361

PP-230 0.44 610 38.36 0.03 1.84 1 1.299

MDB1 0.44 610 37.05 0.03 1.71 1 1.241

MDB2 0.23 610 49.77 0.03 3.40 1 1.887

MDB3 0.44 610 33.81 0.03 1.42 0 1.107

MDB5 0.23 610 44.60 0.03 2.61 1 1.605

MDB6 0.48 610 43.79 0.03 2.50 1 1.563

IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention

RESONANZ TG INC SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
 Arc Flash Incident Energy Reduction
Incident Energy Reduced from 30cal/cm2 to 0.3 cal/cm2

Schneider Training Video Material

IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention
RESONANZ TG INC SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
The Arc Flash Incident Energy Reduction Program
Objective :
Reduce Arc Flash Incident Energy from category 3 and 4 to Category 0 or 1.

1. Replace all circuit breaker with deficiencies in interrupting capacity

2. Installed main Air Circuit Breaker at Low Voltage Distribution Panel

3. Replace analog protective relay in digital and set the new coordinate
protective relay setting

4. Perform regular maintenance program of the electrical system,

conduct regular Ultrasonic Scanning

5. Training of Maintenance Personnel

IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention
RESONANZ TG INC SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
 Summary
Study identifies the opportunity for the electrical improvement
that will addressed plant electrical safety and reliability
concerns;
1. High potential of electrical fire and loss of lives;
a) ARC FLASH INCIDENT
b) Heating of cable due to voltage drop
c )Boundary Approach were not determine
2. Power System reliability;
a) Protective relay were not properly coordinated
b) Unwanted tripping of production equipment due to voltage
drop

IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention

RESONANZ TG INC SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
 Thank You !

IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention

RESONANZ TG INC SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
 Maximum incident energy at working distance

IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention

RESONANZ TG INC SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
 Arc Flash Accident

IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention

RESONANZ TG INC SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
 AT – Ampere Trip, tripping rating of a circuit breaker

What does it mean a Circuit Breaker

kAIC – kilo Amperes Interrupting Capacity , maximum current
interruption capacity of circuit breaker.
with 300AT, 35kAIC and 400AF?
AF -- Frame Ampere rating/frame size, so in this case the 400 AT,
same frame size with 300AT circuit breaker.

IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention

RESONANZ TG INC SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
 HowBytoShort
determine the kIAC
Circuit Calculation andrating of the
comparison
thecircuit breaker?
Circuit Breaker Catalog

IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention

RESONANZ TG INC SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE
 Arc Flash Suit

Westex Video Materials

IIEE 43rd Annual National Convention

RESONANZ TG INC SMX Convention Center, Nov 15, 2018
Engr. Jozane F. Jalbuena, PEE