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Lect 5 Transfer Function Usinf SFG

The document discusses signal flow graphs (SFGs), which were developed by S.J. Mason as an alternative to block diagrams for representing control systems. SFGs consist of nodes representing signals and directed branches representing systems. They display signal transmission through the system similarly to block diagrams but are easier to draw and manipulate. Nodes can be sources, sinks, or mixed, and paths and loops through the graph are used to determine forward path and loop gains by multiplying the gains of constituent branches. Non-touching loops do not share common nodes. SFGs are thus a graphical tool to analyze control system dynamics.

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Krushnasamy Suramaniyan
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46 views24 pages

Lect 5 Transfer Function Usinf SFG

The document discusses signal flow graphs (SFGs), which were developed by S.J. Mason as an alternative to block diagrams for representing control systems. SFGs consist of nodes representing signals and directed branches representing systems. They display signal transmission through the system similarly to block diagrams but are easier to draw and manipulate. Nodes can be sources, sinks, or mixed, and paths and loops through the graph are used to determine forward path and loop gains by multiplying the gains of constituent branches. Non-touching loops do not share common nodes. SFGs are thus a graphical tool to analyze control system dynamics.

Uploaded by

Krushnasamy Suramaniyan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DSCE

DEPT OF INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY


EI53Control Systems

UNIT-II
TRANSFER FUNCTION USING SIGNAL FLOW
GRAPH(SFG)

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• Signal-flow graphs are an alternative to block diagrams.


• Signal flow graphs used to represent the control system
graphically.
• It was developed by S.J.Mason
• Signal flow graphs display the transmission of signals
through the system, as does the block diagrams, but it is
easier to draw and easier to manipulate than the block
diagrams.
• Unlike block diagrams, which consist of blocks, signals,
summing junctions, and pickoff points, a signal-flow graph
consists only of branches, which represent systems, and
nodes, which represent signals.

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Fundamentals of Signal Flow Graphs: Node

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• Node : It is a point representing a variable (or signal)


• Branch: A branch is directed line segment joining two
nodes. The arrow on the branch indicates direction of
signal flow. It has both gain and direction.
• Transmittance: The gain acquired by the signal when it
travel from one node to another. The transmittance
can be real or complex.

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Types of Nodes:
• Source or Input Node : The node that has only
outgoing branches.
• Output Node or Sink Node: The node that has
only incoming branches.
• Mixed Node :It is a node that having incoming
and outgoing branches.

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Path: A path is a traversal of connected branches in
the direction of branch arrows.
Open Path: A open path starts at a node ends at
another node.
Closed Path: Closed path starts and ends at same
node .
Forward Path: It is a path from an input node to
output node that does not cross any node more
than once.
Forward Path Gain: It is the product of branch gains
of a forward path
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Forward Path :Any path from input node to output node.

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• Individual Loop: It is a closed path starting
from a node and after passing through a
certain part of the graph arrives a same node
without crossing any node more than once.
• Loop gain: it is the product of the branch gains
of a loop.
• Non-touching Loops: If the loops does not
have common node then they are said to be
non-touching loops.

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Loop gain:-
• The product of all the gains forming a
loop.

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Non-touching loops for forward paths

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