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Electromagnet Field Theory: Assignment 1

The document discusses different coordinate systems including Cartesian, cylindrical, and spherical coordinates. It provides definitions and conversions between the systems. Specifically, it defines the x, y, and z axes in Cartesian coordinates. It then discusses cylindrical coordinates which use r, θ, and z to describe a point and are useful when x2 + y2 occurs. Finally, it defines spherical coordinates which use r, θ, and φ to describe a point in three-dimensional space and provides formulas to convert between the different systems.

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Hanaffi Lias
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57 views8 pages

Electromagnet Field Theory: Assignment 1

The document discusses different coordinate systems including Cartesian, cylindrical, and spherical coordinates. It provides definitions and conversions between the systems. Specifically, it defines the x, y, and z axes in Cartesian coordinates. It then discusses cylindrical coordinates which use r, θ, and z to describe a point and are useful when x2 + y2 occurs. Finally, it defines spherical coordinates which use r, θ, and φ to describe a point in three-dimensional space and provides formulas to convert between the different systems.

Uploaded by

Hanaffi Lias
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ELECTROMAGNET FIELD

THEORY
ASSIGNMENT 1
Lecture Name : Dr MUHAMMAD RAMLEE BIN KAMARUDIN

Name : MOHAMED HANAFFI BIN MOHAMED LIAS

Matric No : AE090099

2 - SET

891220015119
The Cartesian Coordinate System

The Cartesian Coordinate System, also known as the rectangular coordinate system, consists of two
number scales, called the x-axis (at y = 0) and the y-axis (at x = 0), that are perpendicular to each other.
Each scale is a number line drawn to intersect the other at zero.   The zero point is called the origin. The
divisions along the scales may be any size, but each division must be equal.   Figure 1 shows a
rectangular coordinate system.   The axes divide the coordinate system into four regions called
quadrants.   Quadrant I is the region above the x-axis and to the right of the y-axis.   Quadrant II is the
region above the x-axis and to the left of the y-axis. Quadrant III is the region below the x-axis and to the
left of the y-axis.   Quadrant IV is the region below the x-axis and to the right of the y-axis.

The cartesian Plane is use to determine


the position of a point from the origin. The point
that lies on or perpendicular to x-axis is known as
Figure 2 x-coordinate while for y-axis is y-coordinate. For
example, the odered pairs (5,5) represents 5 unit
perpendicular line ai added. This new line is called z-axis. to the right from the origin and 5 unit upwards
from the origin. Figure 2 show the example of
Cartesian Plane.

Figure 1.Cartesian Plane


Figure 3

Three dimensional space

Cylindrical Coordinates System

The Cylindrical coordinates is an extension of polar coordinates to three dimensions and is based on a
cylinder.

 The coordinates are convenient for representing cylindrical surfaces for which the z-axis is the
axis of symmetry.
When we were working with double integrals, we saw that it was often easier to convert to polar
coordinates.  For triple integrals we have been introduced to three coordinate systems.  The rectangular
coordinate system (x,y,z) is the system that we are used to.  The other two systems, cylindrical
coordinates (r,q,z) and spherical coordinates (r,q,f) are the topic of this discussion.  

Recall that cylindrical coordinates are most appropriate when the expression 

        x2 + y2 

occurs.  The construction is just an extension of polar coordinates.  

        x  =  r cos q        y  =  r sin q        z  =  z

Since triple integration can be looked at as iterated integration we have


       

Theorem:  Integration With Cylindrical Coordinates

Let f(x,y,z) be a continuous function on a solid Q.  Then 


SPHERICAL COORDINATES

Spherical coordinates consist of the following three quantities. 

 First there is .  This is the distance from the origin to the point and we will require . 
 Next there is .  This is the same angle that we saw in polar/cylindrical coordinates.  It is the
angle between the positive x-axis and the line above denoted by r (which is also the same r as in
polar/cylindrical coordinates).  There are no restrictions on .
 Finally there is .  This is the angle between the positive z-axis and the line from the origin to
the point.  We will require .

In summary,  is the distance from the origin of the point,  is the angle that we need to rotate down
from the positive z-axis to get to the point and  is how much we need to rotate around the z-axis to
get to the point.
CONVERSIONS FORMULAS

We should first derive some conversion formulas.  Let’s first start with a point in spherical coordinates

and ask what the cylindrical coordinates of the point are.  So, we know  and what to find

.  Of course we really only need to find r and z since  is the same in both coordinate systems.

We will be able to do all of our work by looking at the right triangle shown above in our sketch.  With a
little geometry we see that the angle between z and  is  and so we can see that,

and these are exactly the formulas that we were looking for.   So, given a point in spherical coordinates
the cylindrical coordinates of the point will be,

Note as well that,

Or,

Next, let’s find the Cartesian coordinates of the same point. 


   

Now all that we need to do is use the formulas from above for r and z to get,

Also note that since we know that  we get,

VOLUME INTEGRAL

Volume of sphere: V=  

SURFACE INTEGRAL

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