Project report on

DESIGNING AN SOS CHILDREN’S VILLAGE

WITH EMPHASIS ON
BAMBOO CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES
Submitted in partial fulfilment of requirement of

National institute of technology, Raipur (C.G.)

For

The Degree of Bachelor of Architecture

(2017 – 2018)

Under the guidance of Submitted by:

PROF. SAYON PRAMANIK GOLI

Assistant Professor HARSHAVARDHAN REDDY

Department of Architecture Roll No 14122020

Department of Architecture

National Institute of Technology, Raipur (C.G.)

 DEDICATION:

I heartily dedicate this thesis to my late grandfather

Shri Challa Ram Reddy, who has not only been caring towards me but also for imparting and
enlightening me with his tremendous knowledge in various fields. “Your ideology will
always be an inspiration to me.”

Without your blessing, dear Tatha, I’d end up nowhere.

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 1

 ACKNOWLEDEGEMENT:

The fruitful conclusion of any work is fragmentary without recognition of people who have
made it conceivable. It is my opportunity to express my gratitude and dignity to all those who
have galvanized me throughout the period of this project.
The satisfaction and jubilation that strings along the successful completion of this thesis be
deficient without the mention of the people who have escorted me in this. It is my greatest
privilege to express my gratitude and respect to all those who have guided me and inspired
me during the course of this project.
I am Indebted to my parents Goli Rajitha Rathnakar Reddy for their unequivocal support, for
lifting me uphill this face in life, behind my glories are your supportive hands, behind my
shortcomings your advice. You are the reason I thrive to be better.
I convey my sincere gratefulness to my guide, Assistant Professor Sayon Pramanik, for his
valuable discussions and support around my work.
I owe a debt of gratitude to my seniors Buddha Jaswant, Revanth Tellabati, Rahul
Yanabothula, Sanjay Manhar, and Rangjalu Basumtary for passing me with their unsurpassed
knowledge and maintaining support throughout.
I express my warm thanks to my well-wisher Puchalapalli Subbarami Reddy and family who
knowingly or unknowingly helped me.
The tribute would remain incomplete without citing my brother like friend Donthula
Narendra and adored juniors Khatroth Vaman Singh, Sachin Rajpal, Ranmeet Wadhwa,
Puchalapalli Sai Manvitha and Chandu Kucheti for tying those loose ends beautifully.

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 2

 CERTIFICATE:

This is to certify that Mr. GOLI HARSHAVARDHAN REDDY has been allotted the topic

“DESIGNING AN SOS CHILDREN’S VILLAGE WITH EMPHASIS ON BAMBOO

CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES”

For his thesis project as partial fulfilment of Eighth Semester examination for

Bachelor of Architecture course of National Institute of Technology, Raipur.

This is further certified that he has completed this project work in one semester

Under my guidance and supervision.

Guide:
PROF. SAYON PRAMANIK

This thesis project has been accepted.

External Examiner 1

Head

Department Of Architecture External Examiner 2

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 3

 CONTENTS:
DEDICATION: .......................................................................................................................... 1
ACKNOWLEDEGEMENT:...................................................................................................... 2
CERTIFICATE: ......................................................................................................................... 3
CONTENTS:.............................................................................................................................. 4
LIST OF TABLES: .................................................................................................................... 5
LIST OF FIGURES: .................................................................................................................. 5
ABSTRACT:.............................................................................................................................. 8
CHAPTER-I............................................................................................................................... 9
1.0 INTRODUCTION: .............................................................................................................. 9
1.1 THEME: (Bamboo construction techniques)....................................................................... 9
1.2 TOPIC: (SOS Children’s village) ........................................................................................ 9
1.3 RELAVANCE OF THEME WITH TOPIC: ....................................................................... 9
1.4 AIM: ..................................................................................................................................... 9
1.5 OBJECTIVES: ................................................................................................................... 10
1.6 LIMITATIONS: ................................................................................................................. 10
1.7 METHODOLOGY: ........................................................................................................... 11
CHAPTER-II ........................................................................................................................... 12
2.0 LITERATURE STUDY (THEME): .................................................................................. 12
2.0.1 BAMBOO: ...................................................................................................................... 12
2.0.2 TYPES OF BAMBOO:................................................................................................... 12
2.0.3 TYPES OF BAMBOO AVAILABLE IN INDIA: ......................................................... 13
2.0.4 TREATMENT TECHNIQUES: ..................................................................................... 14
2.0.4.1 TRADITIONAL OR NON-CHEMICAL METHODS:............................................... 14
2.0.4.2 CHEMICAL TREATMENT TECHNIQUES: ............................................................ 15
2.0.5 BAMBOO AS A BUILDING MATERIAL: .................................................................. 16
2.0.6 CONSTRUCTION COMPONENTS: ............................................................................ 17
2.0.6.1 FOUNDATION: .......................................................................................................... 17
2.0.6.2 WALLS: ....................................................................................................................... 19
2.0.6.3 ROOF: .......................................................................................................................... 21
2.0.6.4 COLOMN: .................................................................................................................. 22
2.0.6.5 BEAM .......................................................................................................................... 24
2.0.6.6 TRUSS ......................................................................................................................... 24
.................................................................................................................................................. 25

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 4

2.0.6.7 FLOORING: ................................................................................................................ 28
2.0.6.8 DOORS AND WINDOWS: ........................................................................................ 29
2.0.6.9 JOINTS: ....................................................................................................................... 30
.................................................................................................................................................. 30
2.1 SECONDARY CASE STUDY (THEME): ....................................................................... 32
2.1.1 SEN VILLAGE COMMUNITY CENTER (VO TRONG NGHIA ARCHITECTS,
VIETNAM): ............................................................................................................................. 32
.................................................................................................................................................. 32
.................................................................................................................................................. 32
.................................................................................................................................................. 33
.................................................................................................................................................. 33
2.1.2 GREEN SCHOOL (IBUKU ARCHITECTS, BALI): .................................................... 36
2.2 SECONDARY CASE STUDY (TOPIC): ......................................................................... 40
2.2.1 SOS CHILDREN’S VILLAGE (JAFAR TUKAN ARCHITECTS, AQUOBA,
JORDAN): ............................................................................................................................... 40
CHAPTER-III .......................................................................................................................... 43
3.0 QUESTIONNARE:............................................................................................................ 43
3.0.1 QUESTIONNARE FOR USERS: .................................................................................. 43
3.0.2 QUESTIONNARE FOR STAFF: ................................................................................... 43
3.0.3 ARCHITECT’S APPROACH: ....................................................................................... 43

LIST OF TABLES:
Table 1: TYPES OF BAMBOO AVAILABLE IN INDIA ..................................................... 13

LIST OF FIGURES:
Figure 1: TYPES OF TRADITIONAL BAMBOO TREATMENT TECHNIQUES .............. 14
Figure 2: CONVENTIONAL USE OF BAMBOO IN CONSTRUCTION. ........................... 16
Figure 3: SUBSTITUTIVE USE OF BAMBOO IN CONSTRUCTION ............................... 16
Figure 4: COMPONENTS OF BAMBOO CONSTRUCTION .............................................. 17
Figure 5: BAMBOO IN DIRECT GOUND CONTACT ........................................................ 17
Figure 6: BAMBOO ON ROCK OR PREFORMED CONCRETE FOOTINGS. .................. 18
Figure 7: BAMBOO INCORPORATED INTO CONCRETE FOOTINGS ........................... 18
Figure 8: COMPOSITE BAMBOO OR CONCRETE COLUMNS........................................ 18
Figure 9: INTERCHANGABLE BAMBOO FOUNDATION ................................................ 19
Figure 10: BAJAREQUE WALL: ........................................................................................... 19

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 5

Figure 11: BAMBOO BOARD WALL ................................................................................... 19
Figure 12; WATTLE WALL ................................................................................................... 20
Figure 13: MAT WALL........................................................................................................... 20
Figure 14: SOLID WALL ........................................................................................................ 20
Figure 15: BAMBOO BATTEN WALL ................................................................................. 21
Figure 16: BAMBOO TILE ROOF ......................................................................................... 21
Figure 17: BAMBOO SHINGLE ROOF ................................................................................. 22
Figure 18: BAMBOO THATCH ROOF.................................................................................. 22
Figure 19: BAMBOO COLOMNS .......................................................................................... 23
Figure 20: BAMBOO COLOMN WITH STEEL SHOES ...................................................... 23
Figure 21: CONSTRUCTION OF BAMBOO BEAMS .......................................................... 24
Figure 22: TYPES OF JOINTS IN BAMBOO TRUSS .......................................................... 24
Figure 23: CLASSIFICATION OF BAMBOO TRUSS ......................................................... 25
Figure 24: BAMBOO TRUSS TYPES .................................................................................... 26
Figure 25: KING POST TRUSS .............................................................................................. 26
Figure 26: QUEEN POST TRUSS .......................................................................................... 26
Figure 27: FINK TRUSS ......................................................................................................... 26
Figure 28: HOWE TRUSS....................................................................................................... 27
Figure 29: DOUBLE FAN TRUSS ......................................................................................... 27
Figure 30: MODIFIED QUEEN TRUSS ................................................................................ 27
Figure 31: DOUBLE FINK TRUSS ........................................................................................ 27
Figure 32: BAMBOO SPLIT FLOORING.............................................................................. 28
Figure 33: RAMMED EARTH FLOORING .......................................................................... 28
Figure 34: BAMBOO CULM FLOORING ............................................................................. 28
Figure 35: WOOVEN BAMBOO FLORING ......................................................................... 28
Figure 36: CENTRE SLICED BAMBOO DOOR WITH RACKED BAMBOO BATTEN
FRAME. ................................................................................................................................... 29
Figure 37: CIRCULAR GLASS DOOR WITH RACKED BAMBOO BATTEN FRAME ... 29
Figure 38: HALF SLICED BAMBOO DOOR WITH WHOLE CULM FRAME ................. 29
Figure 39: LAP JOINT ............................................................................................................ 30
Figure 40: BUTT JOINT WITH INSERTS AND SLEEVES ................................................. 30
Figure 41: SCARF JOINTS ..................................................................................................... 30
Figure 42: SADDLE OR ANGLE JOINTS ............................................................................. 31
Figure 43: GUSSET PLATE JOINTS. .................................................................................... 31
Figure 44: SEN VILLAGE COMMUNITY CENTER ........................................................... 32
Figure 45: INTERIOR OF SEN VILLAGE COMMUNITY CENTRE. ................................. 32

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 6

Figure 46; MODEL OF MAJOR STRUCTURAL ELEMENT (SEN VILLAGE
COMMUNITY CENTRE)....................................................................................................... 33
Figure 47: FOUNDATION (SEN VILLAGE COMMUNITY CENTRE).............................. 33
Figure 48: FOUNDATION CONCEPT................................................................................... 33
Figure 49: JOINTS CONCEPT ............................................................................................... 34
Figure 50: JOINTS (SEN VILLAGE COMMUNITY CENTRE) .......................................... 34
Figure 51: ROOF (SEN VILLAGE COMMUNITY CENTRE) ............................................. 35
Figure 52: ROOF CONCEPT .................................................................................................. 35
Figure 53: GREEN SCHOOL (IBUKU ARCHITECTS, BALI) ............................................ 36
Figure 54: MAIN STRUCTURE (GREEN SCHOOL, BALI) ................................................ 36
Figure 55: MAIN STRUCTURE CONCEPT .......................................................................... 37
Figure 56: FOUNDATION FOR THE MAIN STRUCTURE ................................................ 37
Figure 57: FOUNDATION CONCEPT................................................................................... 38
Figure 58: FOUNDATION FOR OTHER COLOMNS .......................................................... 38
Figure 59: SADDLE JOINT CONCEPT ................................................................................. 38
Figure 60: SADDLE JOINT WITH BOLT ............................................................................. 38
Figure 61: SADDLE JOINT WITH PIN ................................................................................. 38
Figure 62: DOUBLE SADDLE JOINT ................................................................................... 38
Figure 63: THATCH ROOFING (GREEN SCHOOL, BALI) ................................................ 39
Figure 64: THATCH ROOF CONCEPT ................................................................................. 39
Figure 65: SOS CHILDREN’S VILLAGE (JAFAR TUKANARCHITECTS, AQUOBA,,
JORDAN) ................................................................................................................................ 40
Figure 66: SITE CONTEXT (SOS VILLAGE, JORDAN) ..................................................... 40
Figure 67: ZONING (SOS VILLAGE, JORDAN).................................................................. 41
Figure 68: CLUSTER PLACEMENT (SOSVILLAGE, JORDAN) ....................................... 41
Figure 69: PLANNING (SOS VILLAGE, JORDAN) ............................................................ 42
Figure 70: PLANNING OF SCHOOL (SOS VILLAGE, JORDAN) ..................................... 42
Figure 71: SOS CHILDREN'S VILLAGE SURVEY ............................................................. 44
Figure 72: CASE STUDY ON BAMBOO CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES .................... 45
Figure 73: CASE STUDY CHECKLIST ................................................................................ 46

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 7

 ABSTRACT:
In 2009, the United Nations predicted that there were around eight million children all
over the world living in care institutions. Total no. of registered orphanages in India are
966 with an average residents of 200-210.These are run by various trusts, religious
groups, individual citizens, citizen groups, NGO's. Prominent organizations in this field
include BOYS town, SOS children's villages etc. SOS children’s villages is the largest
non-governmental organisation focused on supporting children without parental care and
families at risk.
Bamboo construction techniques are the oldest form of construction that dates back to 3rd
century B.C, but there are no traces of those constructions as bamboo was a temporary
construction material that decays with time due to the action of fungi and pests. With
many technological advancements in joining bamboo poles and new treatment
techniques, bamboo is now a permanent material and can be used for construction.
This Thesis deals with the Designing of a SOS Children’s village with emphasis on
Bamboo Construction techniques making it Organic and sustainable and create a
beautiful living environment for the children.

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 8

 CHAPTER-I
1.0 INTRODUCTION:
SOS children’s villages is a NGO that adopts abandoned or orphan children and provides
them with a home, mother, and siblings that stay at the village till they can live or themselves.
Bamboo is an arborescent grass (as of the genera bambusa, arundinaria, and dendrocalamus
of the subfamily bambusoideae) of tropical and temperate regions having hollow stems, thick
rhizomes, and shoots that are used for food; also the jointed stem of bamboo used especially
for building, furniture, and utensils.

1.1 THEME: (Bamboo construction techniques)

Bamboo construction techniques is of two parts, Treatment of Bamboo and Construction.
Treatment of Bamboo can be done by Traditional or Chemical treatment techniques. Bamboo
used in the construction industry can be either in the form of full culms or splits. Various
designs could be done if a person know which bamboo is to be used, which kind of joints
would be better for different types of construction etc.

1.2 TOPIC: (SOS Children’s village)

SOS children's villages is an independent, non-governmental international development
organization which has been working to meet the needs and protect the interests and rights of
children since 1949. It was founded by Hermann Gmeiner in Imst, Austria.
According to the Financial Times, the 2004 turnover of SOS Children's Villages altogether
was US$ 807 million, and it was ranked 33 out of a 100 global NGOs for "global
accountability". Millions of children worldwide are living without their biological families
for a variety of reasons including: parental separation, domestic violence and neglect, war or
natural catastrophes.

1.3 RELAVANCE OF THEME WITH TOPIC:

Bamboo is the most sustainable material to use in construction and has less ecological and
environmental effects unlike concrete constructions, SOS children’s village will be the home
for many kids and they need to have a pleasant and beautiful environment, which inspires
them to practice ecological methods in their lives and give back to nature.
The environment that they live in for most part of their childhood will have a deep impact on
their mindsets in their future and what else can be inspiring than living with the nature.

1.4 AIM:
To design an SOS children’s village using Bamboo construction techniques and making a
sustainable and pleasant environment for the resident children.

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 9

 1.5 OBJECTIVES:
1) To study various Bamboo construction techniques.
2) To study Various Bamboo treatment processes.
3) To create a good example of how bamboo construction is ecological, economical and
sustainable.
4) To care the natural heritage and to reflect the local traditions.
5) To make the minimal impact on the environment.

1.6 LIMITATIONS:
1) HVAC systems.
2) Detailed cost analysis.
3) Plumbing systems.

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 10

 1.7 METHODOLOGY:

TOPIC SELECTION THEME SELECTION

OBJECTIVES
(Justification) (Justification)

LITERATURE STUDY LITERATURE STUDY SITE SELECTION

(Study on theme) (Study on topic) (Site Analysis)

DESIGN BREIF
CASE STUDY INFERENCES
(Space
(Questionnare) (Analysing data)
programme)

CONCEPT FINAL DESIGN

(Conceptual
planning and form)

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 11

 CHAPTER-II

2.0 LITERATURE STUDY (THEME):

2.0.1 BAMBOO:
1) Bamboo is primarily a type of giant grass with woody stems. The stems are called
“shoots” when the plant is young and “culms” when the plant is mature.
2) Each bamboo plant consists of two parts – the “culm”/stem that grows above the ground
and the underground “rhizome” that bears the roots of the plant. Bamboo grows in either
clumps or like runners.
3) A single bamboo clump can produce up to 15 kilometres of usable pole (up to 30 cm in
diameter) in its lifetime.
4) Among many uses of bamboo, Housing is one of the major areas applications especially
in the wake of residential shortages around the globe.
5) Bamboo as a building material is conventionally associated with the region of Southeast
Asia and South America where climate is best suitable for its cultivation.
6) In many of the nations, bamboo is used to hold up suspension bridges or simply make
places of dwelling.

2.0.2 TYPES OF BAMBOO:

There are two types of bamboo in the world with approximately 1500 species
1. Sympodial Bamboo
2. Monopodial Bamboo
2.0.2.1 SYMPODIAL BAMBOO:
Pattern of Clumps can also vary in case of sympodial bamboo where bamboo culms within a
clump can be closely spaced (Bambusabambos) or loosely spread out (Bambusa vulgaris).It
grows faster, produce higher yield and can become fully rejuvenated within few years of
harvesting. Sympodial bamboo grows in clumps, outer layers of the clumps contain younger
bamboos and the inner layers contain mature bamboo.
2.0.2.2 MONOPODIAL BAMBOO:
Monopodial bamboo grows in single culms, Monopodial bamboos can be easily segregated
by maturity period, harvesting is much simpler, vice versa in case of Sympodial bamboo.
In India, Sympodial bamboo constitutes over 67% of the total growing stock and Monopodial
bamboo constitutes the remaining 33%.

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 12

 2.0.3 TYPES OF BAMBOO AVAILABLE IN INDIA:

Table 1: TYPES OF BAMBOO AVAILABLE IN INDIA

S.NO SPECIES COMMON NAME DESCRIPTION

1 Bambusa Mitenga" Bengal) Forms beautiful open clumps with well-

longispiculata &"Thaikwa"(Burma), spaced straight ivory-striped greyish
Origin: green culms. Large decorative leaves
Bangladesh/India. and structurally good.

2 Bambusa "Wapgusan". Origin: A very pretty moderate sized dense

oliveriana Burma and India. clumping bamboo with thick-walled
strong, straight, glossy, green culms.

3 Bambusatulda Bengal Bamboo. A fast growing often deciduous superior

Origin: India, where it structural bamboo (tensile strength
is a major source of tested at 52,000 psi). It has large leaves
paper pulp on upper branches and fewer smaller
leaves lower down.

4 Dendrocalamus Common Name: The tallest bamboo in the world

brandisii Sweet Dragon, Origin: produces thick-walled strong green
India. culms covered with a velvet bloom of
pale hairs imparting a slightly milky
appearance. Strong aerial root growth
on the lower nodes. Lower culms are
branchless

5 Dendrocalamus "Male Bamboo". A drought-resistant bamboo with small

strictus SynBambusastricta., light green furry leaves. Its strong lower
Origin: India. rough culms are often without hole for
about half their length and are without
lower branches or leaves, A major paper
pulp and structural bamboo of India.

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 13

 2.0.4 TREATMENT TECHNIQUES:

1. The natural durability of bamboo is lower than for wood and in most cases it is not long
enough for an economic lifetime.
2. The lifetime of an untreated bamboo can vary between 1 and 15 years depending on
conditions, if it is in contact with water and soil, under cover, humidity etc.
3. Due to the absence of any toxic substances, bamboo is a ready source of food to various
organisms. The presence of starch in bamboo makes it attractive to such organisms,
especially fungi and insects like borer beetles.
4. Bamboo is therefore subject to attack by fungi (rot, only when moist) and insects (beetles
and termites).
5. To avoid these, the bamboo must be treated.

2.0.4.1 TRADITIONAL OR NON-CHEMICAL

METHODS:

These are ancient methods used for centuries by villagers and artisans in countries where
bamboo grows, and often the skills are passed on from generation to generation.

Smoking Baking over

open fire

White Soaking in
washing water

Figure 1: TYPES OF TRADITIONAL BAMBOO TREATMENT

TECHNIQUES

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 14

2.0.4.1.1 SMOKING:
1. Smoking is carried out in chambers.
2. Heat and toxic agents produced by smoke destroy the starch in bamboo making it
immune to insect attack

3. It also blackens the culms.

2.0.4.1.2 BAKING OVER OPEN FIRE:
1. This causes rapid drying of the outer shell and induces and decomposition of starch and
other sugars.
2. This method is very useful for straightening of bamboo.
2.0.4.1.3 WHITE WASHING:
1. Bamboo culms are painted with slaked lime, prolonging their lifespan by delaying and
reducing the absorption of moisture while acting as a repellent against insects.
2.0.4.1.4 SOAKING IN WATER:
1. Freshly cut bamboo is stored either in water ponds or in running water for 3-4 weeks to
leach out starch.
2. This process protects the bamboo against insects.

2.0.4.2 CHEMICAL TREATMENT TECHNIQUES:

There are two chemical treatment techniques:
1. Chromated copper arsenate (cca) method.
2. Treatment with boric acid and borax.
2.0.4.2.1 CHROMATED COPPER ARSENATE (CCA) METHOD:
1. Bamboo is boiled with highly toxic substances such as Chromated copper arsenate (cca)
to protect against rot.
2. The cca has been very effective but very toxic and carcinogenic.
3. Other products used are "ammoniacal copper arsenate" or aca. Ammonia facilitating
penetration in bamboo makes this product effective against fungi, bacteria and insects.
4. Ammonia and copper components are highly toxic and non-degradable. They pose
problems in end of life of the bamboo
5. Due to these toxins, it is advised that not to burn tantalised products, since arsenic (which
is a poison) is immediately released into the ambient atmosphere.
2.0.4.2.2 TREATMENT WITH BORIC ACID AND BORAX:
1. The preservative used is a mixture of boric acid and borax which result in the formation
of disodium octaborate, which is easily soluble in water.
2. Boron salts are effective against termites and fungi and is environmentally acceptable
and safe for mammals.
3. These boron salts are dissolved in water. After treatment, the water evaporates leaving
the salts inside the bamboo.
4. There are various way methods of treatment of bamboo. Bamboo could be impregnated
under pressure in autoclave or by boiling.

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 15

 5. Bamboo is soaked in a solution in an open basin until one week or by using the
“boucherie” method.

2.0.5 BAMBOO AS A BUILDING MATERIAL:

2.0.5.1 CONVENTIONAL USE OF BAMBOO IN CONSTRUCTION:

Figure 2: CONVENTIONAL USE OF BAMBOO IN CONSTRUCTION.

2.0.5.2 SUBSTITUTIVE USE OF BAMBOO IN CONSTRUCTION:

Figure 3: SUBSTITUTIVE USE OF BAMBOO IN CONSTRUCTION

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 16

 2.0.6 CONSTRUCTION COMPONENTS:
1. Bamboo used in the construction industry can be either in the form of full culms or splits.
2. Various designs could be done if a person know which bamboo is to be used, which kind
of joints would be better for different types of construction etc.

Figure 4: COMPONENTS OF BAMBOO CONSTRUCTION

2.0.6.1 FOUNDATION:
2.0.6.1.1 BAMBOO IN DIRECT GROUND CONTACT:
1. This construction process can be used where the soil is hard and dry, and the structure to
be made is small scale and temporary.
2. The bamboo culm should be inside the ground minimum of 0.4m for stability.
3. Bamboo, either on the surface or buried, can decay within six months to two years.
Preservative treatment is therefore recommended.
4. For strength and stability large diameter thick walled sections of bamboo with closely
spaced nodes should be used.
5. Where these are not available, smaller sections can be tied together.

Figure 5: BAMBOO IN DIRECT GOUND CONTACT

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 17

2.0.6.1.2 BAMBOO ON ROCK OR PREFORMED CONCRETE FOOTINGS:
1. Anchors and some heavy aggregates could be added to reinforce the foundation system.
2. Concrete blocks can be piled and poles are secured in position just by burying in, to a
minimum depth of 250mm.

Figure 6: BAMBOO ON ROCK OR PREFORMED CONCRETE FOOTINGS.

2.0.6.1.3 BAMBOO INCORPORATED INTO CONCRETE FOOTINGS:

1. This foundation is useful for loose and wet soil.
2. Can be used for constructing multi-level structures.
3. Foundation is durable.

Figure 7: BAMBOO INCORPORATED INTO CONCRETE FOOTINGS

2.0.6.1.4 COMPOSITE BAMBOO OR CONCRETE COLUMNS:

1. This foundation involves casting of concrete extension to a bamboo
post using a plastic tube of the same diameter.
2. The result is a bamboo post with an integral, durable foundation.
3. This foundation is helpful incase the design requires single post
columns.
Figure 8: COMPOSITE BAMBOO OR CONCRETE COLUMNS

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 18

2.0.6.1.5 INTERCHANGABLE BAMBOO FOUNDATION:
1. In some cases some bamboo poles might get spoiled or deformed, repairing those will
take a lot of effort in case of other foundations.
2. Interchangeable foundation is easy to repair or replace.

Figure 9: INTERCHANGABLE BAMBOO FOUNDATION

2.0.6.2 WALLS:
2.0.6.2.1 BAJAREQUE WALL:
1. This type of wall is thick and is suitable for cold and dry conditions to maintain the
internal temperature.
2. Multiple stories are not possible with this wall.

Figure 10: BAJAREQUE WALL:

2.0.6.2.2 BAMBOO BOARD WALL:

1. This type of wall is light and is suitable for tropical and composite
climate conditions.
2. Walls are light in weight and can be used for multiple storeyed
structures.

Figure 11: BAMBOO BOARD WALL

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 19

2.0.6.2.3 WATTLE WALL:
1. This type of wall is light and is suitable for tropical and
composite climate conditions.
2. Walls are opaque and have smooth finish.
3. Security is compromised.

Figure 12; WATTLE WALL

2.0.6.2.4 MAT WALL:

1. This type of wall is light and is suitable for tropical and
composite climate conditions.
2. Walls are opaque and have smooth finish.
3. Security is compromised.

Figure 13: MAT WALL

2.0.6.2.5 SOLID WALL:

1. This type of wall is suitable for tropical and composite climate conditions.
2. Walls might have gaps due to imperfections in bamboo in case of whole culm wall.
3. Walls are strong.

Figure 14: SOLID WALL

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 20

2.0.6.2.6 BAMBOO BATTEN WALL:
1. This type of wall is suitable for tropical and composite
climate conditions.
2. Walls are strong but light in weight.

Figure 15: BAMBOO BATTEN WALL

2.0.6.3 ROOF:
2.0.6.3.1 BAMBOO TILE ROOF:
1. This roof is watertight but uses a lot of bamboo.
2. Roof is heavy and minimum pitch is 30 degree.

Figure 16: BAMBOO TILE ROOF

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 21

2.0.6.3.2 BAMBOO SHINGLE ROOF:
1. This roof has good finish and is water tight.
2. Shingles are made from bamboo 3-4 cm wide.
3. Minimum pitch is 30 degree.

Figure 17: BAMBOO SHINGLE ROOF

2.0.6.3.3 BAMBOO THATCH ROOF:

1. The roof is framed using bamboo purlins and rafters. The thatch is tied to this
framing.
2. Split bamboo is used to pin down the thatch at valleys and ridges.
3. Minimum pitch is 30 degree.

Figure 18: BAMBOO THATCH ROOF

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 22

 2.0.6.4 COLOMN:
1. Depending upon the type of bamboo, diameter and strength bearing capacity of
bamboo the placement of bamboo column could be determined.
2. If the columns are built into the footings, steel dowels, 8 or 10 mm in diameter and
300 mm long, are driven through holes predrilled in the base of the column to ensure
firm anchorage.

Figure 19: BAMBOO COLOMNS

3. If steel shoes are used, the columns are bolted to the shoes using threaded rods, 10 or 12
mm in diameter,

Figure 20: BAMBOO COLOMN WITH STEEL SHOES

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 23

 2.0.6.5 BEAM
1. The slight curvature of bamboo should be oriented inwards to the element plane, so
further straightening and bolting can be done.
2. All the holes drilled for bolting are should be present near the nodes to avoid splitting
of bamboo culm.

Figure 21: CONSTRUCTION OF BAMBOO BEAMS

2.0.6.6 TRUSS
1. A truss is a plane structure which is very stiff in the plane of the members, that is the
plane in which it is expected to carry load, but very flexible in every other direction.
2. Roof truss generally consists of a number of triangulated frames.
3. The members of which are fastened at ends and the nature of stresses at joints is
either tensile or compressive and designed as pin-ended joints, or gusset joints.
4. Bamboo trusses may also be formed using bamboo mat board or bamboo mat-veneer
composite or plywood gusset.

Figure 22: TYPES OF JOINTS IN BAMBOO TRUSS

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 24

 1. Gusset plate joint truss cannot be used in remote areas as the plates are to be reordered
according to the design.
2. Gusset plate joint is easy to maintain and gives longevity of life for the structure
3. Gusset plate joint truss requires no skilled labour
4. Pin end joint is fast but requires skilled bamboo workers
5. Pin end joint truss also gives life if carefully treated and constructed
6. The truss height shall exceed 0.15 times the span in case of a triangular truss (pitched
roofing)

Figure 23: CLASSIFICATION OF BAMBOO TRUSS

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 25

 Figure 24: BAMBOO TRUSS TYPES

2.0.6.6.1 KING POST TRUSS:

1. King post truss can give spans upto 4.5m to 5m.

Figure 25: KING POST TRUSS

2.0.6.6.2 QUEEN POST TRUSS:

1. Queen post truss can give spans upto 3m to 6.5m.

Figure 26: QUEEN POST TRUSS

2.0.6.6.3 FINK TRUSS:

1. Fink truss can give spans upto 4.5m to 10m.

Figure 27: FINK TRUSS

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 26

2.0.6.6.4 HOWE TRUSS:
1. Howe truss can give spans 7m to 11m.

Figure 28: HOWE TRUSS

2.0.6.6.5 DOUBLE FAN TRUSS:

1. Double fan truss can give spans upto 9m to 11 m.

Figure 29: DOUBLE FAN TRUSS

`2.0.6.6.6MODIFIED
2.0.6.6.6 MODIFIEDQUEEN
QUEENTRUSS:
TRUSS:
1. Modified queen truss can give spans 10m to 13.5m.

Figure 30: MODIFIED QUEEN TRUSS

2.0.6.6.7 DOUBLE FINK TRUSS:

1. Double fink truss can give spans upto 12m to 18m.

Figure 31: DOUBLE FINK TRUSS

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 27

 2.0.6.7 FLOORING:
1. Rammed earth raised above the ground a little with filling to prevent flooding due to
drainage.
2. Raised floors are more hygienic and had a serviceable area underneath that could be
put to good use.
3. Bamboo culms are for floor beams.
4. These would then be covered by either small whole culms, strips or bamboo boards
made by opening and flattening out culms attached to the beams by wire lashings or
small nails.

Figure 33: RAMMED EARTH FLOORING Figure 32: BAMBOO SPLIT FLOORING

Figure 34: BAMBOO CULM FLOORING Figure 35: WOOVEN BAMBOO FLORING

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 28

 2.0.6.8 DOORS AND WINDOWS:
1. Doors and windows are also made out of bamboo, bamboo poles are made into frames
and split bamboo poles are weaved and interlocked and then fit into frames using
lashes or nails.
2. Glass bamboo doors are also can be made through these frames and fixing glass in the
frame using fasteners.

Figure 36: CENTRE SLICED Figure 37: CIRCULAR GLASS

BAMBOO DOOR WITH RACKED DOOR WITH RACKED
BAMBOO BATTEN FRAME. BAMBOO BATTEN FRAME

Figure 38: HALF SLICED BAMBOO DOOR WITH

WHOLE CULM FRAME

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 29

 2.0.6.9 JOINTS:
2.0.6.9.1 Traditional practices:
1. These joining methods have lashing or tying by rope or string with or without pegs or
dowels. Such joints lack stiffness and have low efficiency but have served the
mankind for long in traditional bamboo construction.
2. In lap joints culms are overlapped at atleast one internode and tied at two or three
places
3. Efficiency could be improved by using bamboo or hardwood dowels
4. 1.6mm galvanised iron wire is used for tight lashing in place of ropes.

Figure 39: LAP JOINT

Figure 41: SCARF JOINTS

Figure 40: BUTT JOINT WITH INSERTS AND SLEEVES

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 30

 Figure 42: SADDLE OR ANGLE JOINTS

1. For members which either bear against the other or cross each other and transfer the
loads at an angle other than parallel to the axis, saddle joints are formed.
2. The saddle should be close to a node to reduce risk of splitting.
3. Saddle joints can be made by bolts, ropes, or pins and wedges.
4. Use of bolts can make the joinery durable.

2.0.6.9.2 IMPROVED PRACTICES:

1. Plywood, solid timber, steel gusset plates may be used at joint assemblies of web and
chord.
2. Connection in a truss and fixed with bamboo pins or MS (mild steel) bolts.
3. Hollow cavities of bamboo need to be stuffed with wooden plugs or otherwise by
suitable means.
4. Same drill size should be used through the bamboo culm to prevent splits or cracks.

Figure 43: GUSSET PLATE JOINTS.

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 31

 2.1 SECONDARY CASE STUDY (THEME):
2.1.1 SEN VILLAGE COMMUNITY CENTER (VO
TRONG NGHIA ARCHITECTS, VIETNAM):
The building has a simple umbrella-like structure which consists of 28 pure bamboo frame
units. Each frame forms an arch shape, creating a large circular hall with a diameter of 22m
when it gathers.

Figure 44: SEN VILLAGE COMMUNITY CENTER

Figure 45: INTERIOR OF SEN VILLAGE COMMUNITY CENTRE.

2.1.1.1 MAJOR STRUCTURAL ELEMENT:

1. The major structural element in this convention centre is a bamboo frame that
forms a half arch
2. 28 of these frames arranged in a circular manner creates a dome structure of 22m
dia.

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 32

 Figure 46; MODEL OF MAJOR STRUCTURAL ELEMENT (SEN VILLAGE COMMUNITY CENTRE)

2.1.1.2 FOUNDATION:
1. The whole structure is on a platform with reinforced concrete pile foundation
2. The bamboo frame is laid into concrete with anchors to make it strong.

Figure 47: FOUNDATION (SEN VILLAGE COMMUNITY CENTRE)

Figure 48: FOUNDATION CONCEPT

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 33

2.1.1.3 JOINTS:
1. The bamboo frame is made of bamboo poles that are lashed together with ropes.
2. The members of the frame are interlocked into one another at intersections and are
nailed together.
3. Roof purlins are joined to the main frame by bolts.

Figure 50: JOINTS (SEN VILLAGE COMMUNITY CENTRE)

Figure 49: JOINTS CONCEPT

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 34

2.1.1.4 ROOF:
1. Roof purlins are joined to the main frame by bolts.
2. Thatch roofing with rice hay is tied to the purlins.

Figure 51: ROOF (SEN VILLAGE COMMUNITY CENTRE)

Figure 52: ROOF CONCEPT

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 35

 2.1.2 GREEN SCHOOL (IBUKU ARCHITECTS, BALI):
The roof is shaped in the form of three nautili spiralling into one another. It is supported by
three giant bamboo towers. The building has three stories.

Figure 53: GREEN SCHOOL (IBUKU ARCHITECTS, BALI)

2.1.2.1 MAIN STRUCTURE:

Three spiral structures are

supported by three double
swirling bamboo frame at their
respective centers.

Figure 54: MAIN STRUCTURE (GREEN SCHOOL, BALI)

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 36

 Figure 55: MAIN STRUCTURE CONCEPT

2.1.2.2 FOUNDATION:
The composite foundation of stone, concrete, reinforcements gives very good strength to
the structure.

Figure 56: FOUNDATION FOR THE MAIN STRUCTURE

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 37

Figure 58: FOUNDATION FOR OTHER COLOMNS Figure 57: FOUNDATION CONCEPT

2.1.2.3 JOINTS:
Of all the types of joints, saddle joint is most used, between column-beam, purlin-rafter,
because it is stiff and can be used at various intersections, it has a lot of scope.

Figure 61: SADDLE JOINT WITH PIN Figure 60: SADDLE JOINT WITH BOLT

Figure 62: DOUBLE SADDLE JOINT Figure 59: SADDLE JOINT CONCEPT

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 38

2.1.2.4 ROOF:
Rice hay is used for roof covering, it is durable and has a life of 2-3 years and easily
replaceable and the roof structure becomes compared to shingles or half cut culms.

Figure 63: THATCH ROOFING (GREEN SCHOOL, BALI)

Figure 64: THATCH ROOF CONCEPT

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 39

 2.2 SECONDARY CASE STUDY (TOPIC):
2.2.1 SOS CHILDREN’S VILLAGE (JAFAR TUKAN
ARCHITECTS, AQUOBA, JORDAN):
It has 8 family houses, director’s house, staff house and shared kindergarten, sports hall, and
a supermarket. Built in a social environment.

Figure 65: SOS CHILDREN’S VILLAGE (JAFAR TUKANARCHITECTS, AQUOBA,, JORDAN)

2.2.1.1 SITE CONTEXT:

1. Across the main road to the village, a middle class housing community with no
architectural significance is located.
2. The SOS village with stone buildings, and a distinct architectural feature makes the
village feel important.
3. The children inside the village can engage their social lives with the neighbourhood
and have a normal family life.

Figure 66: SITE CONTEXT (SOS VILLAGE, JORDAN)

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 40

2.2.1.2 ZONING:
1. The landscapes and green areas surround the site as well as at the centre of housing
cluster, creating a calm environment for the children.
2. Play areas and gathering spaces are created near the shared kindergarten and sports
complex for increasing the interaction of children with the neighbourhood.
3. Built spaces are placed close to each other to minimise the heat gain and provide
mutual shading.

Figure 67: ZONING (SOS VILLAGE, JORDAN)

2.2.1.3 CLUSTER PLACEMENT:

1. All the housing complexes are clustered inward, with a common space in between,
similar to a real village.
2. All the entrances of the houses are facing each other and has a back garden and front
garden for utility.
3. There are no roads that lead upto the houses only pathways for pedestrians, keeping
the children safe and maintaining a pleasant environment.

Figure 68: CLUSTER PLACEMENT (SOSVILLAGE, JORDAN)

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 41

2.2.1.4 PLANNING:
1. The central two storeyed building has bedrooms attached to two single storey building
having storage and kitchen to cater for the needs of 6 children and 2 SOS mothers.
2. The two kitchens are segregated by the central building, one kitchen has access to the
ground floor and one for the first floor.
3. The single building unit has two small houses incorporated into one but separated by
levels.

GROUND FLOOR PLAN FIRST FLOOR PLAN

Figure 69: PLANNING (SOS VILLAGE, JORDAN)

1. The planning of the school is also done on a similar concept of inward orientation.
2. The multipurpose room, the office, classrooms all open toward the central stepped
area (o.a.t).
3. The building is surrounded by green areas that makes the interior cool.

Figure 70: PLANNING OF SCHOOL (SOS VILLAGE, JORDAN)

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 42

 CHAPTER-III
3.0 QUESTIONNARE:

3.0.1 QUESTIONNARE FOR USERS:

1. Extracurricular activities of children.
2. Type of bedroom the children prefer? Single, double sharing, triple sharing.
3. Do they celebrate small events like birthdays, etc.,
4. Age group.
5. Gender ratio (village),gender ratio (per house)
6. Amenities required inside the house kitchen, vegetable garden, washing etc.,
(mother).

3.0.2 QUESTIONNARE FOR STAFF:

1. Administration chain inside the village.
2. Timings for the children.
3. Views of the staff on proximity of the administration block to the family houses.

3.0.3 ARCHITECT’S APPROACH:

1. Design approach by the architect.
2. Design evaluation of the place and any comments on lack of some requirements.
3. Evaluation of accessibility to site.
4. Site development details.
5. Facilities provided and their architectural approach while planning.
6. Structural design method and options.
7. Reference drawings if available.

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 43

 Figure 71: SOS CHILDREN'S VILLAGE SURVEY

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 44

 Figure 72: CASE STUDY ON BAMBOO CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 45

 Figure 73: CASE STUDY CHECKLIST

Designing an SOS Children’s Village with emphasis on Bamboo Construction Techniques 46