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Eccentric Load On Column Footing PDF

- The document discusses the design of rectangular footings under eccentric column loads. - Footings can experience non-uniform soil pressure when columns apply both axial load and bending moment. - The maximum allowable eccentricity before soil uplift occurs is the kern distance, or one-sixth the lesser of the width or length. - Loads within the kern cause compression over the entire footing area, while loads outside cause tension and uplift. - An example is provided to demonstrate the design process for a rectangular footing supporting two columns. This includes checking soil pressure, ultimate capacity, shear strength, and flexural reinforcement.

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Reffisa Jiru
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2K views11 pages

Eccentric Load On Column Footing PDF

- The document discusses the design of rectangular footings under eccentric column loads. - Footings can experience non-uniform soil pressure when columns apply both axial load and bending moment. - The maximum allowable eccentricity before soil uplift occurs is the kern distance, or one-sixth the lesser of the width or length. - Loads within the kern cause compression over the entire footing area, while loads outside cause tension and uplift. - An example is provided to demonstrate the design process for a rectangular footing supporting two columns. This includes checking soil pressure, ultimate capacity, shear strength, and flexural reinforcement.

Uploaded by

Reffisa Jiru
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Shallow Foundation – Structural Design

7.5 FOOTINGS UNDER ECCENTRIC COLUMN LOADS.


When a column transmits axial loads only, the footing can be designed such that the
load acts at the centroid of the footing, producing uniform pressure under the footing.
However, in some cases, the column transmits an axial load and a bending moment, as
in the case of the footings of fixed-end frames. The pressure q that develops on the soil
will not be uniform and can be evaluated from the following equation:
𝑃 𝑚𝑦
𝑞= ∓ ≥0
𝐴 𝐼
Where:
P= vertical load, positive in compression,
A= area of the contact surface between the soil and the footing,
I= moment of inertia of this area,
M=moment about the centroid axis of the footing area
Y= distance from the centroidal axis to the point where the stresses are being calculated.

The moment,𝑀, can be expressed as 𝑃𝑒 , where(𝑒) is the eccentricity of the load


relative to the centroidal axis of the area 𝐴.
The maximum eccentricity (𝑒) for which equation above applies is that which first causes
𝑞 = 0, at some point.
Larger eccentricities will cause a portion of the footing to lift off the soil, because the
soil–footing interface cannot resist tension. For a rectangular footing, this occurs when
the eccentricity exceeds
𝑙 𝐵
𝑒 = 𝑜𝑟 𝑒 =
6 6
This is referred to as the kern distance. Loads applied within the kern, the shaded area
in Fig. 7.8c, will cause compression over the entire area of the footing, and 𝑞 can be
computed from equation above.

AL-Qasim Green University Page 27 of 53 Foundation Engineering


College of Water Resources Engineering Mr. Wissam Nadir
Shallow Foundation – Structural Design

Figure 7.8

AL-Qasim Green University Page 28 of 53 Foundation Engineering


College of Water Resources Engineering Mr. Wissam Nadir
Shallow Foundation – Structural Design

Various pressure distributions for rectangular footings are shown in Fig. 7.9.

 If the load is applied concentrically, the soil pressure 𝑞 = 𝑞 = as shown in

Figure a
 If the load acts through the kern point (Fig.C), 𝑞 = 0 at one side and 𝑞 = 2𝑞 at
the other.
 If the load falls outside the kern point, the resultant upward load is equal and
opposite to the resultant downward load, as shown in Fig. 7-9 d. Generally, such a
pressure distribution would not be acceptable, because it makes inefficient use of
the footing concrete, tends to overload the soil, and may cause the structure to
tilt.

AL-Qasim Green University Page 29 of 53 Foundation Engineering


College of Water Resources Engineering Mr. Wissam Nadir
Shallow Foundation – Structural Design

Figure 7.9

AL-Qasim Green University Page 30 of 53 Foundation Engineering


College of Water Resources Engineering Mr. Wissam Nadir
Shallow Foundation – Structural Design

There are three different conditions for eccentricity


1- When 𝑒 = 𝑀⁄𝑃 < 𝑙 ⁄6 𝑎𝑠 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤𝑚 𝑖𝑛 𝐹𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑏
𝑃 𝑀𝑌 𝑃 6𝑀
𝑞 . = + = +
𝐴 𝐼 𝐵𝑙 𝐵𝑙
𝑃 𝑀𝑌 𝑃 6𝑀
𝑞 . = − = −
𝐴 𝐼 𝐵𝑙 𝐵𝑙
2- When 𝑒 = 𝑀⁄𝑝 = 𝑙 ⁄6 𝑎𝑠 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤𝑚 𝑖𝑛 𝐹𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝐶
𝑃 𝑀𝑌 𝑃 6𝑀 2𝑃
𝑞 =
. + = + =
𝐴 𝐼 𝐵𝑙 𝐵𝑙 𝐵𝑙
𝑃 6𝑀
𝑞 .=0 → =
𝐵𝑙 𝐵𝑙
3- When 𝑒 = 𝑀⁄𝑝 > 𝑙 ⁄6 𝑎𝑠 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤𝑚 𝑖𝑛 𝐹𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑑
𝑙 3𝑥 2𝑃 2𝑃
𝑥= −𝑒 𝑃=𝑞 . 𝐵 →𝑞 . = =
2 2 3𝑥𝐵 3𝐵 − 𝑒

Example: the rectangular footing has width of 2.5 m and it will be support (400*400
mm) column that is carry the following loads

𝑃 = 800𝑘𝑁 𝑃 = 530𝑘𝑁

𝑀 = 100𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 𝑀 = 80𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

- Service surcharge load 5kN/m2


- Allowable soil pressure 𝑞 . = 200 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚
- Soil density 𝛾 = 20 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐷 = 1.25 𝑚

Solution:

1- Estimate the length of the footing.


- Assume the footing thickness (1.5 – 2) times column size, use t=600 mm

𝑞 . = 200 − [5 + 1.25 × 20] = 170 𝑘𝑁 ⁄𝑚

- Assume the soil pressure distribution at the base of the footing is horizontal.

AL-Qasim Green University Page 31 of 53 Foundation Engineering


College of Water Resources Engineering Mr. Wissam Nadir
Shallow Foundation – Structural Design

𝑃 6𝑀 800 + 530 6 × (100 + 80)


𝑞 . =
+ → 170 = +
𝐵𝑙 𝐵𝑙 2.5 × 𝑙 2.5 × 𝑙
425𝑙 − 1330𝑙 − 1080 = 0 → 𝑙 = 3.8 𝑚
2- Find the ultimate bearing pressure.

𝑃 = 1.2 × 800 + 1.6 × 530 = 1808𝑘𝑁

𝑀 = 1.2 × 100 + 1.6 × 80 = 248𝑘𝑁. 𝑚


𝑃 6𝑀 1808 6 × 248
𝑞 . = + = + = 231.5 𝑘𝑁 ⁄𝑚
𝐵𝑙 𝐵𝑙 2.5 × 3.8 2.5 × 3.8
𝑃 6𝑀 1808 6 × 248
𝑞 . = − = − = 149.1 𝑘𝑁 ⁄𝑚
𝐵𝑙 𝐵𝑙 2.5 × 3.8 2.5 × 3.8

3- Check the footing thickness for two way shear (punching shear)

𝑑 = 600 − 75 − 20 = 505𝑚𝑚

Use average soil pressure to find the shear force inside critical parameter.

AL-Qasim Green University Page 32 of 53 Foundation Engineering


College of Water Resources Engineering Mr. Wissam Nadir
Shallow Foundation – Structural Design

149.1 + 231.5
𝑞 = = 190.3 𝑘𝑁 ⁄𝑚
2
𝑣 = 1808 − 190.3(0.4 + 0.505) = 1652.13𝑘𝑁

𝑏 = 4 × (0.4 + 0.505) = 3.62𝑚


400
𝛽= =1
400
𝛼 = 40 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛

The shear capacity of concrete is the smallest of:

 𝑣 = 0.33 𝜆 𝑓′𝑐 𝑏° 𝑑 = 0.33√21 × 3620 × 505 × 10−3 = 𝟐𝟕𝟔𝟒. 𝟓𝒌𝑵

2 2
 𝑣 = 0.17 1 + 𝜆 𝑓′𝑐 𝑏° 𝑑 = 0.17 1 + √21 × 3620 × 505 × 10−3 = 4272.5𝑘𝑁
𝛽 1

𝛼𝑠 𝑑 40×505
 𝑣 = 0.083 2 + 𝜆 𝑓′𝑐 𝑏° 𝑑 = 0.083 2 + √21 × 3620 × 505 × 10−3 =
𝑏° 3620

5270.6𝑘𝑁

𝑉 = 1652.13 𝑘𝑁 < ∅ 𝑣 = 0.75 × 2764.5 = 2073.4𝑘𝑁


The footing thickness satisfies two-way shear requirement.

AL-Qasim Green University Page 33 of 53 Foundation Engineering


College of Water Resources Engineering Mr. Wissam Nadir
Shallow Foundation – Structural Design

4- Check the footing thickness for one way shear (beam shear)

It is conservative to assume that the maximum factored soil pressure of (231.5 kN/m2)
acts on the entire shaded region. Thus, the factored shear force to be resisted at the
critical section is:

𝑣 = 231.5 × 2.5 × 1.195 = 691.6𝑘𝑁


∅𝑣 = 0.75 × 0.17 × √21 × 2500 × 505 × 10 = 737.65 𝑘𝑁
∅𝑣 > 𝑣 𝑜𝑘
The footing thickness satisfies the one-way shear requirement.
5- Calculate the flexural reinforcement
a- Long direction

AL-Qasim Green University Page 34 of 53 Foundation Engineering


College of Water Resources Engineering Mr. Wissam Nadir
Shallow Foundation – Structural Design

1.7 1 2
𝑀 = 185.96 × 2.5 × 1.7 × + × 2.5 × (231.5 − 185.96) × 1.7 × × 1.7
2 2 3
= 781.46𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

∅𝑀 ≥ 𝑀
𝑓𝑦
∅𝑀 = ∅𝜌𝑏𝑑 𝑓𝑦 1 − 0.59 × × 𝜌 → 𝜌 = 0.00355 → 𝐴 = 4482𝑚𝑚
𝑓′𝑐

𝐴 . = 0.0018 × 𝐵 × 𝑡 = 2700 𝑚𝑚

AL-Qasim Green University Page 35 of 53 Foundation Engineering


College of Water Resources Engineering Mr. Wissam Nadir
Shallow Foundation – Structural Design

ACI 13.3.3.3 In rectangular footings, reinforcement shall be distributed in accordance with (a) and (b):

(a) Reinforcement in the long direction shall be distributed uniformly across entire width of footing.

4482
𝑛= = 14.27 , 𝑢𝑠𝑒 15∅20 𝑚𝑚,
314.16
2500 − 150
𝑠= = 156.6𝑚𝑚 𝑢𝑠𝑒 150𝑚𝑚
15
The minimum spacing should be smallest of
- 450 mm
- 3t=1800mm
S= 150mm< Smin. ok
b- Short direction

(b) For reinforcement in the short direction, a portion of the total reinforcement, 𝛾 As, shall be
distributed uniformly over a band width equal to the length of short side of footing, centered on
centerline of column or pedestal.

Remainder of reinforcement required in the short direction,(1– 𝛾 )As, shall be distributed uniformly
outside the center band width of footing

𝛾= = . = 0.79
.

𝐴 = 0.79 × 4482 = 3540.78 𝑚𝑚


3540.78
𝑛= = 11.27 , 𝑢𝑠𝑒 12∅20 𝑚𝑚,
314.16
2500
𝑠= = 208𝑚𝑚 𝑢𝑠𝑒 200𝑚𝑚
12
The remain steel reinforcement will divided into two parts as shown below

𝐴 = (0.21 × 4482) × 0.5 = 470.6 𝑚𝑚 → 𝑢𝑠𝑒 2∅20 𝑚𝑚 𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒

AL-Qasim Green University Page 36 of 53 Foundation Engineering


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Shallow Foundation – Structural Design

AL-Qasim Green University Page 37 of 53 Foundation Engineering


College of Water Resources Engineering Mr. Wissam Nadir

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