Multiple Intelligence Theory PDF

Multiple Intelligence Theory
According to Gardener, An Intelligence is “a bio-psychological potential to process

information that can be activated in a cultural setting to solve problems or create products
that are of value in a culture”.
Theory of Multiple Intelligence was proposed by Harvard Psychologist Howard

Gardener. The theory of multiple Intelligences differentiates Intelligence into specific
modalities, rather than seeing intelligence as dominated by a single General ability.
Howard Gardner proposed this model in 1983 in his book “Frames of mind; The
theory of multiple intelligences”. According to Gardner, All people have different
kinds of “Intelligence”. Gardner proposed that there are eight Intelligence and has
suggested the possible addition of a Ninth known as „existential Intelligence‟.
1. Verbal Linguistic:
People with high verbal-linguistic intelligence display a facility with words and
languages. It is the capacity to use words effectively, whether orally (e.g., as a
storyteller, orator, or politician) or in writing (e.g., as a poet, playwright, editor, or
journalist).
2. Logical — Mathematical:
This is related to logic, abstractions, Reasoning, numbers and critical thinking. It is
the capacity to use numbers effectively (e.g., as a mathematician, tax accountant, or
statistician) and to reason well (e.g., as a scientist, computer programmer, or
logician).
3. Visual-Spatial:
It is ability to perceive the visual-spatial world accurately (e.g., as a hunter, scout, or
guide) and to perform transformations upon those perceptions (e.g., as an interior
decorator, architect, artist, or inventor).
4. Bodily — Kinesthetic:
People with bodily — Kinesthetic intelligences are skilled at using their body to
convey feelings and ideas. Expertise in using one's whole body to express ideas and
feelings (e.g., as an actor, a mime, an athlete, or a dancer) and facility in using one's
hands to produce or transform things (e.g., as a craftsperson, sculptor, mechanic, or
surgeon).
5. Musical — Rhythmic and harmonic:

It is the capacity to perceive musical forms (e.g., as a music aficionado), discriminate
musical forms (e.g., as a music critic), transform musical forms (e.g., as a composer),
and express musical forms (e.g., as a performer)
6. Interpersonal Intelligences:
The ability to perceive and make distinctions in the moods, intentions, motivations,
and feelings of other people (e.g as sales persons, politicians, managers, teachers,
lectures, counselors and social workers.)
Chiranjibi Behera Page 1

Multiple Intelligence Theory
 It involves effective verbal and non-verbal communication, the ability to note

distinctions among others, sensitivity to the mood and temperaments of
others`
7. Intrapersonal:
Introspections and self-reflective capacities having a deep understanding of the self,
what one‟s strength or weaknesses are,
- What makes one Unique, being able to predict one‟s own reactions or emotions.
 “With in the self‟, another nation for self-awareness or introspection.
 People who have intrapersonal intelligences are aware of their emotions,
motivations.
8. Naturalistic:
Not part of Gardner‟s Original seven, Naturalistic Intelligence was proposed by him
in 1995.
 Nurturing and relating Information to one‟s natural surroundings.
 Classifying natural forms such as animal and plant species and rocks and
mountain types
This sort of ecological receptiveness is deeply rooted in a sensitive, ethical and
holistic understanding of the world and its complexities — including the role of
humanity within the greater ecospheres.
Existential Intelligence:
Gardner didn‟t want to commit to a spiritual intelligence but suggested than an
“existential” intelligence may be useful.
 Sensitivity and capacity to tackle deep questions about human existence such
as the meaning of life, why we die and how did we get here, about human
existence.
 Involves an individual‟s ability to use collective values and intuition to
understand others and the world around them.
Educational Implications:
1. Linguistic: Read to children and let them read.
2. Logical-Mathematical: Play game of the logic with children.
3. Spatial: Give chances to children to draw and create charts.
4. Bodily: provides areas where children can play indoor or outdoor games.
5. Intra-Personal: Encourage children to develop their hobbies and interests.
6. Inter-Personal: Encourage children to work in groups.
7. Musical: Provide opportunity the students to participate I the cultural
programmes.
8. Naturalistic: Encourage children in outdoor naturalistic activity life,
gardening etc.
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Multiple Intelligence Theory

According to Gardener, An Intelligence is “a bio-psychological potential to process

Theory of Multiple Intelligence was proposed by Harvard Psychologist Howard

5. Musical — Rhythmic and harmonic:

Chiranjibi Behera Page 1

 It involves effective verbal and non-verbal communication, the ability to note

Chiranjibi Behera Page 2

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