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Factorisation PDF

Division of algebraic expressions can be done in several ways: 1) Division of a monomial by another monomial, such as 9x divided by 3 equals 3x. 2) Division of a polynomial by a monomial using long division, such as dividing 2x^3 + 4x^2 + 6x by 2x. 3) Division of a polynomial by another polynomial using long division, such as dividing 3x^2 + 3x - 5 by (x - 1).

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Raj Kumar
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717 views3 pages

Factorisation PDF

Division of algebraic expressions can be done in several ways: 1) Division of a monomial by another monomial, such as 9x divided by 3 equals 3x. 2) Division of a polynomial by a monomial using long division, such as dividing 2x^3 + 4x^2 + 6x by 2x. 3) Division of a polynomial by another polynomial using long division, such as dividing 3x^2 + 3x - 5 by (x - 1).

Uploaded by

Raj Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Division of Algebraic Expressions

Division of a monomial by another monomial

Division of a monomial by another monomial:


i) Division of 9x by 3: 2

2
3(3x )
2 2
9x ÷3 = = 3x
3

ii) Division of 6x 2
y by 2y:
2 2
6x y 2y(3x )
2 2
6x y ÷ 2y = = = 3x
2y 2y

Division of a polynomial by a monomial

A polynomial 2x 3
+ 4x
2
+ 6x is divided by monomial 2x as shown below:
3 2
(2x +4x +6x) 3 2
2x 4x 6x
2
= + + = x + 2x + 3
2x 2x 2x 2x

Division of a polynomial by a polynomial

Long division method is used to divide a polynomial by a polynomial.


Example:Division of 3x + 3x − 5 by (x − 1) is shown below:
2

Introduction to Factorisation
Factors of natural numbers
Every number can be expressed in the form of product of prime factors. This is called prime
factor form.
Example: Prime factor form of 42 is 2 × 3 × 7, where 2, 3 and 7 are factors of 42.

Algebraic expressions

An algebraic expression is a mathematical phrase that can contain ordinary numbers, variables
(like x or y) and operators (like add,subtract,multiply and divide). For example: x + 1, p - q, 3x,
2x+3y, 5a/6b etc.

Factors of algebraic expressions and factorisation

An irreducible factor is a factor which cannot be expressed further as a product of factors.


Algebraic expressions can be expressed in irreducible form.

Example: 7 × (x + 3) is written as 7 × x × (x + 3), where 7, x and (x + 3) are the irreducible


factors of expression 7x(x + 3).

Method of Common Factors


Factorisation by common factors

To factorise an algebraic expression, the highest common factors are determined.


Example: Algebraic expression −2y + 8y can be written as 2y(−y + 4), where 2y is the highest
2

common factor in the expression.

Factorisation by regrouping terms

In some algebraic expressions, it is not possible that every term has a common factor.
Therefore, to factorise those algebraic  expressions, terms having common factors are grouped
together.

Example:
12a + n − na − 12

= 12a − 12 + n − na

= 12(a − 1) − n(a − 1)

= (12 − n)(a − 1)

(12 − n) and (a − 1) are factors of the expression 12a + n − na − 12


 
 

Method of Identities
Algebraic identities

The algebraic equations which are true for all values of variables in them are called algebraic
identities.
Some of the identities are,
2 2 2
(a + b) = a + 2ab + b

2 2 2
(a − b) = a − 2ab + b

2 2
(a + b)(a − b) = a −b

Factorisation using algebraic identities

Algebraic identities can be used for factorisation


Example:
(i) 9x2
+ 12xy + 4y
2

2 2
= (3x) + 2 × 3x × 2y + (2y)

2
= (3x + 4y)

(ii) 4a 2
−b
2
= (2a − b)(2a + b)

Visualisation of factorisation

The algebraic expression x 2


+ 8x + 16 can be written as (x + 4) . This can be visualised as
2

shown below:

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