1) Saussure distinguishes between paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations in language. Paradigmatic refers to choices made between contrastive units, while syntagmatic refers to the linear sequence or chain of units.
2) In SFL, language can be analyzed in terms of three metafunctions: the textual metafunction concerns theme and how the message is organized, the interpersonal metafunction involves subject, finite, and polarity/probability and the relationship between speakers, and the ideational/experiential metafunction includes process, participants, and circumstances about what is happening.
3) SFL analyzes language through representations of clauses that show the process, participants, and circumstances, and how language
1) Saussure distinguishes between paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations in language. Paradigmatic refers to choices made between contrastive units, while syntagmatic refers to the linear sequence or chain of units.
2) In SFL, language can be analyzed in terms of three metafunctions: the textual metafunction concerns theme and how the message is organized, the interpersonal metafunction involves subject, finite, and polarity/probability and the relationship between speakers, and the ideational/experiential metafunction includes process, participants, and circumstances about what is happening.
3) SFL analyzes language through representations of clauses that show the process, participants, and circumstances, and how language
1) Saussure distinguishes between paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations in language. Paradigmatic refers to choices made between contrastive units, while syntagmatic refers to the linear sequence or chain of units.
2) In SFL, language can be analyzed in terms of three metafunctions: the textual metafunction concerns theme and how the message is organized, the interpersonal metafunction involves subject, finite, and polarity/probability and the relationship between speakers, and the ideational/experiential metafunction includes process, participants, and circumstances about what is happening.
3) SFL analyzes language through representations of clauses that show the process, participants, and circumstances, and how language
1) Saussure distinguishes between paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations in language. Paradigmatic refers to choices made between contrastive units, while syntagmatic refers to the linear sequence or chain of units.
2) In SFL, language can be analyzed in terms of three metafunctions: the textual metafunction concerns theme and how the message is organized, the interpersonal metafunction involves subject, finite, and polarity/probability and the relationship between speakers, and the ideational/experiential metafunction includes process, participants, and circumstances about what is happening.
3) SFL analyzes language through representations of clauses that show the process, participants, and circumstances, and how language
Ferdinand de Saussure (1916) it c a .. . i gm a d c e r i pa o c h .. . ... c h a i n ... syntagmatic ... c h o i c e ...
... c h a i n ... [b t] “bat”
b a t [kat] [bIt] [bap] [pat] [bEt] [bad] Phonemes / Phonology: contrastive units ... c h o i c e ...
... c h a i n ... /b t/ b a t k I p p E d choice is meaningful .. . “paradigmatic” c e o i c h .. . ... c h a i n ... “syntagmatic” Phonemes / Phonology: contrastive units ... c h o i c e ...
... c h a i n ... /b t/ b a • phonemes are the minimal t k I units of phonology p p • that you change d means E changing a phoneme the word! A clause analysis process
The lion chased the tourist lazily through the bush
participants circumstances • how • where ‘Box’ representation of clause in terms of Process, Participants and Circumstances
The lion chased the tourist lazily through
the bush
Participant: Process Participant: Cir- Circum-
Actor Goal cum- stance stance ‘Box’ representation of clause in terms of Process, Participants and Circumstances
... c h a i n ... The lion chased the tourist lazily through the bush
Participant: Process Participant: Cir- Circum-
Actor Goal cum- stance stance
“syntagmatic” ‘Box’ representation of clause in terms of Process, Participants and Circumstances
The tourist thought this was very unfair
Participant: Process Participant:
Senser Phenomenon ‘Box’ representation of clause in terms of Process, Participants and Circumstances
... c h a i n ... The tourist thought this was very unfair
Participant: Process Participant:
Sensor Phenomenon
“syntagmatic” Paradigmatic: clauses ... c h o i c e ...
material Participant: Process Participant: Circum- Circum- Actor Goal stance stance
mental Participant: Process Participant: Sensor Phenomenon Paradigmatic: clauses
material Participant: Participant: Carrier Attribute
attributive relational identifying verbal Participant: Participant: Token Value
mental Participant: Participant: Sensor Phenomenon feature feature feature What about effective/middle?
... c h a i n ... The lion chased the tourist lazily through the bush
Participant: Participant: Cir- Circum-
Actor Process Goal cum- stance Agent Medium stance Interpersonal: Orientation and Manifestation Modality: overview
(proposition)
(proposal) Modality: overview
(proposition)
(proposal) Three kinds of meaning: three metafunctions • Textual meaning: how is – Theme message is • Interpersonal meaning: organised – Subject relationship – Finite between – Polarity / Probability speakers • Ideational/Experiential meaning: – Process – Participants what’s – Circumstances going on The contexts of text: what bits of language have what effects… what’s what’s going goingon on
how is language being transmitted what’s the relationship between the speakers
