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    Experiment 6 PDF

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    darshan
    The document describes an experiment to determine machine parameters of a wheel and differential axle. The apparatus consists of an effort wheel connected by a common shaft to two cylinders of different diameters. String is wound around the wheel and cylinders such that effort applied to the wheel causes one cylinder to unwind while the other winds up, lifting a load. Measurements are taken of the diameters, efforts applied, and loads lifted. Graphs are plotted from the data and analyzed to establish the law of the machine and calculate mechanical advantage and efficiency.

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    Experiment 6 PDF

    Uploaded by

    darshan
    554 views3 pages
    The document describes an experiment to determine machine parameters of a wheel and differential axle. The apparatus consists of an effort wheel connected by a common shaft to two cylinders of different diameters. String is wound around the wheel and cylinders such that effort applied to the wheel causes one cylinder to unwind while the other winds up, lifting a load. Measurements are taken of the diameters, efforts applied, and loads lifted. Graphs are plotted from the data and analyzed to establish the law of the machine and calculate mechanical advantage and efficiency.

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    The document describes an experiment to determine machine parameters of a wheel and differential axle. The apparatus consists of an effort wheel connected by a common shaft to two cylinders of different diameters. String is wound around the wheel and cylinders such that effort applied to the wheel causes one cylinder to unwind while the other winds up, lifting a load. Measurements are taken of the diameters, efforts applied, and loads lifted. Graphs are plotted from the data and analyzed to establish the law of the machine and calculate mechanical advantage and efficiency.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    554 views3 pages

    Experiment 6 PDF

    Uploaded by

    darshan
    The document describes an experiment to determine machine parameters of a wheel and differential axle. The apparatus consists of an effort wheel connected by a common shaft to two cylinders of different diameters. String is wound around the wheel and cylinders such that effort applied to the wheel causes one cylinder to unwind while the other winds up, lifting a load. Measurements are taken of the diameters, efforts applied, and loads lifted. Graphs are plotted from the data and analyzed to establish the law of the machine and calculate mechanical advantage and efficiency.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Experiment 6

    Wheel and Differential Axles


    Objective: To determine various machine parameters of given wheel and differential axles.

    Theory: The wheel and differential axle acts on the differential principle. It is a simple device
    to achieve very high velocity ratio by keeping small difference in diameters of two
    axles.

    The machine consists of an effort wheel ‘A’ and an axle made up of two cylinders B and C of
    different diameters as shown in figure 6.1. The Wheel A and cylinders B and C are connected by
    common shaft hence all of them rotate about a common axis.

    One string is wound round the wheel A through which effort is P is applied. The second string is
    wound around the axles B and C. This string goes around a pulley to which the load W is
    attached. This string is wound on the axles B and C in such a way that when effort is applied, the
    cylinders turn and unwinds on the smaller axle and winds at the same time on the larger axle,
    lifting the load W attached to the pulley. The direction of string wound around the wheel and
    smaller axle is same.

    Let us assume that D, d1 and d2 are diameter of effort wheel, large axle and smaller axle
    respectively.

    For one revolution of the wheel and axle, the displacement of the effort P is equal to the length of
    the string that unwinds from the wheel A = y = .

    The length of the string that unwinds from the smaller axle C = πd2

    The length of the string that winds from the bigger axle B = πd1

    The load string shortens by = πd1- πd2.


    π π
    Therefore, the displacement of the load W, x= 


    Velocity ratio = =

    .π π

    
    Velocity ratio =
     

    For a larger velocity ratio, d1 and d2 are made nearly equal.

    Apparatus: Wheel and differential axle, weights, calipers, meter rules etc.
    Fig. 6.1 Differential wheel and axle

    Procedure:

    1. Measure the diameter of wheel and axles.

    2. Apply load to the pan attached to the pulley. Increase the effort gradually by increasing weight
    in effort pan in such a way that at minimum effort the load just starts moving upward. Note
    magnitude of the effort.

    3. Change the magnitude of applied load and find corresponding effort.

    4. Take six sets of readings.

    5. Plot the graphs of load on X axis and (i) actual effort (p) (ii) ideal effort (p’=P*V.R) (iii)
    frictional effort (P-W/V.R) (iv) efficiency (η) on Y axis. Use same scale for all effort curves
    and different scale for efficiency on Y axis.

    6. Work out the law of machine P= mW + C, where P is actual effort required to raise the load W
    and m is the slope of the graph, C is the initial effort required to start the machine and is
    machine constants. It is measured as intercept of graph on Y axis.

    Observation:

    1. Diameter of effort wheel (D) = 60 cm

    2. Diameter of bigger axle (d1) = 25 cm

    3. Diameter of small axle (d2) = 20 cm

    4. Velocity ratio VR=2D/ (d1-d2) =

    5. Self weight of load pulley = negligible (0 N)


    Observation table:

    Sr. Total Total Mech Ideal Frictional Ideal load Frictional Efficiency
    No load effort Adv. effort effort load
    W (N) P (N) W’= P*VR P*VR-W W*100/(P*VR)
    MA=W/P P’=W/VR P-(W/VR)

    1.

    2.

    3.

    4.

    5.

    Establish law of machine P= mW + C from graph between W and P.

    P = ________W + __________.

    Calculation:

    1. Maximum mechanical advantage =1/m=


    2. Maximum efficiency =1/(m*VR)=

    Conclusion:

    1. Nature of graphs? Which of the graph passes from origin and why?

    2. State whether machine is reversible or irreversible, why?

    3. Law of machine P=________W + ___________(write value of m and c).

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