Admittance of a Circular Loop Antenna over a Lossy

Dielectric Plane
Osman M. Alsemaid and Sameir M. Ali Hamed

Abstract:
The current distribution on a thin-wire circular loop antenna located above
a lossy dielectric plane is formally obtained by co sinusoidal expansion
around the loop ,The effect of the a lossy dielectric plane is given by the
factor ( R Z n2) in equation (10) ,change in the current and input admittance as
a function of height and conductivity of a lossy plane ,The results from the
simulation (MATLAB) are in excellent agreement with the result obtained in
another papers .

Introduction:
Loop antenna is one of wire antennas that has been used in wide range of
applications including, geophysical probing schemes, biological tissue and
plasma.

The Loop antenna over alossy dielectric plane has been a subject of
numerous experimental and theoretical studies during last decades [1-5].The
problem of a horizontal loop located above homogenous dissipative half
space was investigated by Chang [1] and Moorthy [2]. The analysis in [1]
and [2] depends on evaluating some integrals by numerical methods, which
detracts, to some extent, from the value of the work. Parise [3], and
calculated the radiated fields from a circular loop antenna on alossy half
space assuming a uniform current distribution on the loop. The
electromagnetic fields radiated from a circular loop antenna with constant
current on a layered earth is considered in [4] and [5].The analysis and
results of the studies in [4] and [5] is suitable only for electrically small loop
antennas since the current on the loop is assumed uniform.

The objectives of this study is to provide an exact analytical formulations the

can be used to calculate the current distributions, and hence, the other
radiation characteristics of a circular loop antenna placed horizontally over
alossy dielectric. There is no restrictions on the size of the loop, since the
formulations are valid for thin-wire circular loops of any electrical size.

Problem Formulation:
The geometry of the problem is shown in Fig 1. The radius of the loop is b
and assumed to be thin of wire radius a,such that 2ln(2b/a) ≥ 10.The loop
is made of perfectly conducting material and excited by a delta voltage
source at ¿ ). An exp(jωt) time convention is assumed throughout this paper
and is suppressed for convenience .The loop is placed at a height d above a
lossy dielectric plane. The current I (ϕ) on the loop can be expanded in a
complex Fourier series as [1],[2],[8].
∞
I ( ϕ )= ∑ ¿ cos(n¿¿ ϕ)¿ ¿ (1)
n=− ∞

Where ¿ are the current coefficients to be determined.The current

coefficients can be obtained by enforcing the boundary condition on the
surface of the antenna .
 loop

Fig(1 a)

The problem in Fig (1a) can be considered as a loop and its image as shown
in Fig(2a)
 Loop

Image

Fig(2a)

Figure 1: Geometry of the problem (1a) Original setup (2b) Equivalent

geometry.

The problem of the loop and the lossy dielectric plane can be replaced by a
loop and image loop as shown in Fig. 1(b) as proposed in [1]. The centre of
the loop is at (0, 0, d), while that of its image is at (0, 0, -d). Enforcing the
boundary conditions on the surface of the loop and following the analysis as
in David[1].

The electromagnetic field at at any point ¿) due to the loop over a lossy
plane can be obtained by superimposing the field from the loop it self and its
image taking in account the effect of the a lossy plane .Assuming the electric
field of the loop is E s and that of its image is Ei ,then on the surface of the
loop .

The tangential components (∅ ¿componanet ) must vanished or

voδ(ϕ)
E s∅+ Ei∅ = (2)
b
Where E s∅ is the ∅ ¿componanet of electric field radiated from the loop can
be written as [1]
π
jη 2
E s
∅ = 0
4π
∫ I ( ϕ̀ ) [k 2 b 2 cos ( ϕ− ϕ̀ ) + ∂∂∅2 ]G0 ( ϕ−ϕ̀ ) d ϕ̀ (3) G0 ( ϕ− ϕ̀ )=¿
−π
π
1 jk R11
∫ d∅ (4)
2 π −π k R11

√
R11 = 4 b 2 sin 2 ( ϕ−2 ϕ̀ )+¿ ¿ (5)

Ei∅ is the tangential components of the electric field radiated from the
image loop multiplied by the reflection coefficient at the interface between
the lossy plane and the interference R ,or
π
j η0 2
E s∅ =
4π
R ∫ I ( ϕ̀ ) [k 2 b 2 cos ( ϕ− ϕ̀ ) + ∂∂∅2 ]G1 ( ϕ−ϕ̀ ) d ϕ̀ (6)
−π

−e− jkR 12
G1 ( ϕ− ϕ̀ )= (7)
R 12

√
R12= 4 b2 sin2 ( ϕ−2 ϕ̀ )+(2d ) 2
(8)

R is given in [4] as
Y 0 −Y 1
R= (9)
Y 0+Y 1

Y 0= intrinsic admittance of free space .

Y 1= intrinsic admittance of lossy plane .

The solution of the integral equation in (2) may be obtained in the form of
model expansion of current in (1)

Where
vo
I n= (10)
Z + R Z n2
n
1
 jπ η0 kb K nj n=0
n
j
{
Z = jπ η0
2
[ kb
K n−1
j + K nj +1 n2 n
2
− K j ]n ≥ 0
kb
(11)

j=1,2.n=0,1,2,3 , … … … … . .

K n1shown at [6] in equation (9), (10) ,(11) .

-Calculate K n2to antenna above alossy dielectric plane

π
1
K = ∫ G 1 ( α ) e− jnα dα
n
2 (12)
b −π
∞
( Y /2 Z )n+ 2m (2 )
K nj =− jkb ∑ h (Z ) (13)
m=0 ( m ) ! ( m+n ) ! n +2 m

Where

Y=(kb)2

Z=√ 2(kb)2 +(2kd )2

m (Z) =The spherical Hankel function of the second kind and order ¿ ).
2)
h(n+2

-Results and Discussions:

To check the correctness of the expressions presented in this paper ,we
make compare between input admittance of resonant loop over
homogeneous earth as the function of height in this paper and it at
fig(2),fig(3) in [1], when ¿

σ =10−2 mhos/m , f =100 MHz Y o=5.1747+ j 4.1923mhos ¿

Fig(2) Real part of admittance (Y-Y0)

Fig(3) imaginary part of admittance (Y-Y0)

Y=input admittance of the loop when it over a lossy plane

Y0=input admittance of the loop in free space

-The difference between this papers and[1].due to the problem here is an
analytical solution for coefficient ( R Z n2 ). And the problem in [] is a numerical
solution.

-Current versus (ϕ) :

Fig(4) amplitude of current when loop in difference high from the a lossy
plane ,from the fig(4) when the distance increase the amplitude current is
nearly the amplitude current of loop in free space.
-Input admittance versus frequency:

Fig(5) real part of admittance of the loop over a lossy plane .

Fig(6) imaginary part of admittance of the loop over a lossy plane

-Reference:
[1] David C. Chang, “Characteristics of a horizontal circular loop antenna over a multilayered,
dissipative half-space,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. ,vol. AP-21, no 6, pp.871-874, Nov. 1973.

[2] S. C . Moorthy , “Analysis of a thin circular loop antenna over a homogeneous earth ,” Bell
Syst. Tech . J., vol ., 49, pp. 1215-1234, Agu.1970.

[3] Mauro Parise , “An Exact Representation for the EM Field From a Circular Loop Antenna on
a Lossy Half-Space,” IEEE ANTENNA AND WIRELESS PROPAGTION LETTERS ,VOL . 13, 2014.

[4] N. P. Singh and T. Mogi , “Electromagnetic Response of a Large Circular Loop Source on a
Layered Earth :A New Computation Methods ,”Pure Appl. Geophys., vol 162, pp. 181-200,
Jan.2005.

[5] M. P. Parise , “FAST COMPUTATION OF THE FORWARD SOLUTION IN CONTROLLED –

SOURCE ELECTROMAGNATIC SOUNDING PROBLEMS,” Progress In Electromagnetic Research ,
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[6] Hassan A. N. Hejase , Stephen D. Gedney , and Keith W. Whites ,” Effect of Finite Ground
Plane on Radiated Emission from a Circular Loop Antenna “ IEEE TRANSACTION ON
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[7] J. R. Wait , “Fields of a horizontal dipole over a stratified anisotropic half-space ,” IEEE Trans.
Antennas Propagat . (Commun.), vol . AP -14,PP. 790-792, Nov. 1966 .

[8] R. W. P. King , “Loop Antenna for Transmission and Reception ,” in Antenna Theory , R.
Collin and F. J. Zucker , Eds . New York : McGraw –Hill , 1969, Pt. 1, ch. 11, pp. 458-482.

[9] J. R. Wait , “Characteristics of antenna over a lossy earth,” in Antenna Theory , R. Collin
and F. J. Zucker , Eds . New York : McGraw –Hill , 1969, Pt. 2, ch. 11, pp. 386-437.

[10] A. Shoamanesh and L. Shafai , “Characteristics of circular loop antennas above a lossless
ground plane ,” IEEE Trans. Antennas propagat ., vol . AP-29 , no. 3, pp. 528-529, 1981.