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Department of Mathematics
Fall 2017

Mathematics
for Business Students (MATH-201)
Worksheet No. (7) – Solution

Question (1):
Random samples of size n were selected from populations with the
means and variances given here. Find the mean and standard deviation
of the sampling distribution of the sample mean in each case:

i) 𝒏 = 𝟑𝟔 , 𝝁 = 𝟏𝟎 , 𝝈𝟐 = 𝟗
ii) 𝒏 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 , 𝝁 = 𝟓, 𝝈𝟐 = 𝟒
iii) 𝒏 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎 , 𝝁 = 𝟖 , 𝝈𝟐 = 𝟏

Solution:
𝜎
The mean in Sampling distribution is 𝜇 and standard deviation
√𝑛
3 1
i) 𝑛 = 36 , 𝜇 = 10 , 𝜎 = =
√36 2
2 1
ii) 𝑛 = 100 , 𝜇 = 5, 𝜎 = =
√100 5
1
iii) 𝑛 = 120 , 𝜇 = 8 , 𝜎 =
√120

Question (2):
A random sample of n observations is selected from a population with
standard deviation = 1.Calculate the standard error of the mean (SE)
for these values of n:
i) 𝒏 = 𝟏
ii) 𝒏 = 𝟐
iii) 𝒏 = 𝟒
Solution:
Standard error is related to the number of samples and the standard deviation
to the mean, when number of samples increase the standard error of
sampling distribution decrease and vice versa.
𝜎
i) 𝑛 = 1 , 𝜎 = 1 , 𝑆𝐸(𝑥̅ ) = =1
√𝑛
𝜎 1
ii) 𝑛 = 2 , 𝜎 = 1 , 𝑆𝐸(𝑥̅ ) = =
√𝑛 √2
𝜎 1
iii) 𝑛 = 1 , 𝜎 = 1 , 𝑆𝐸(𝑥̅ ) = =
√𝑛 2

Question (3):
Suppose a random sample of 𝒏 = 𝟐𝟓 observations is selected from a
population that is normally distributed with mean equal to 106 and
standard deviation equal to 12.
a. Give the mean and the standard deviation of the sampling
distribution of the sample mean̅̅̅.
𝒙

b. Find the probability that 𝒙̅ exceeds 110.

c. Find the probability that the sample mean deviates from the
population mean 106 by no more than 4.

Solution:
12 12
a) 𝜇 = 106 , 𝜎 = = = 2.4
√𝑛 √25
𝑥̅ −𝜇 110−106
b) 𝑃(𝑥̅ > 110) = 𝑃 ( 𝜎 > ) = 𝑃(𝑍 > 1.67), to find the
2.4
√𝑛
probabilities of sample distribution mean by using the standard
normal distribution tables.
𝑃(𝑍 > 1.67) = 0.0475
c) The deviation around the mean by no more than 4 is greater or smaller
than mean by 4 , so the sample mean will be between 102 and 110
𝑃(102 < 𝑥̅ < 110) = 𝑃(−1.67 < 𝑍 < 1.67) = 0.9051
By using Z-normal distribution tables.
Question (4):
Tomatoes Explain why the weight of a package of one dozen tomatoes
should be approximately normally distributed if the dozen tomatoes
represent a random sample.

Solution:
Each package of one dozen tomatoes represents a sample from a large
population of tomatoes, each sample has a weight that will converge
according to large scale numbers to normally distributed random variable to
find it’s weight distribution according to different sample with mean
approximated to the mean of the population and standard deviation equals to
the standard error.

Question (5):
Paper Strength a manufacturer of paper used for packaging requires a
minimum strength of 20 pounds per square inch. To check on the
quality of the paper, a random sample of 10 pieces of paper is selected
each hour from the previous hour’s production and a strength
measurement is recorded for each. The standard deviation s of the
strength measurements , computed by pooling the sum of squares of
deviations of many samples, is known to equal 2 pounds per square
inch, and the strength measurements are normally distributed.
a) What is the approximate sampling distribution of the sample
mean of n = 10 test pieces of paper?
b) If the mean of the population of strength measurements is 21
pounds per square inch, what is the approximate probability that,
̅ < 𝟐𝟎.
for a random sample of n = 10 test pieces of paper 𝒙
Solution:
a) It will be normal distribution with mean 𝜇 and standard deviation
𝜎 2
equals =
√𝑛 √10
b) Since the sample distribution approximated to normal distribution so
20−21
𝑃(𝑥̅ < 20) = 𝑃 (𝑍 < 2 ) = 𝑃(𝑍 < −1.58114) = 0.0569
√10
Question (6):
From a binomial population with 𝒑 = 𝟎. 𝟒. Use the normal
distribution to approximate the following probabilities, if 𝒏 = 𝟖:
a) 𝑷(𝒑̂ < 𝟎. 𝟒𝟑)

̂ < 𝟎. 𝟒𝟑)
b) 𝑷(𝟎. 𝟑𝟓 < 𝒑

Solution:
a) If we need to standardize the proportion by using this formula
𝑝̂ − 𝑝
𝑍= , 𝑝 = 0.4, 𝑞 = 0.6
𝑝𝑞
√
𝑛
𝑃(𝑝̂ < 0.43) = 𝑃(𝑍 < 0.17) = 0.5675 by using Z-tables

b) 𝑃(0.35 < 𝑝̂ < 0.43) = 𝑃(−0.29 < 𝑍 < 0.17) = 0.1816

Question (7):

̂ ) for 𝒏 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 and these values of 𝒑:

Solution:
𝑝𝑞
𝑆𝐸(𝑝̂ ) = √ , the sample proportion standard error, 𝑝 + 𝑞 = 1.
𝑛
a) 𝑝 = 0.01 , 𝑞 = 0.99 , 𝑛 = 100 , 𝑆𝐸(𝑝̂ ) = 0.00995
b) 𝑝 = 0.1 , 𝑞 = 0.9 , 𝑛 = 100 , 𝑆𝐸(𝑝̂ ) = 0.03
c) 𝑝 = 0.30 , 𝑞 = 0.70 , 𝑛 = 100 , 𝑆𝐸(𝑝̂ ) = 0.046
Question (8):
Losing Weight News reports tell us that the average American is
overweight. Many of us have tried to trim down to our weight when we
finished high school or college. And in fact, only 19% of adults say they
do not suffer from weight-loss woes. Suppose that the 19% figure is
correct, and that a random sample of n = 100 adults is selected.
a) Does the distribution of 𝒑 ̂, the sample proportion of adults who do
not suffer from excess weight, have an approximate normal
distribution? If so, what is its mean and standard deviation?
b) What is the probability that the sample proportion ̂𝒑 exceeds 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓?
c) What is the probability that 𝒑 ̂ lies within the interval 0.25 to 0.30?
d) What might you conclude about p if the sample proportion exceeded
𝟎. 𝟑𝟎?

Solution:
a) To check if it has normal distribution or not you should to use
𝑛𝑝 > 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛𝑞 > 5
𝑛𝑝 = 100 ∗ 0.19 = 19 > 5
𝑛𝑞 = 100 ∗ 0.81 = 81 > 5
So we can find the probability by using normal distribution table with
𝑝𝑞
mean equals 𝑝 = 0.19 and standard deviation 𝜎 = √ = 0.0392
𝑛
0.25−0.19
b) 𝑃(𝑝̂ > 0.25) = 𝑃 (𝑍 > ) = 𝑃(𝑍 > 1.53) = 0.063
0.0392
c) 𝑃(0.25 < 𝑝̂ < 0.30) = 𝑃(1.53 < 𝑍 < 2.81) = 0.0605

Question (9):
M&M’S According to the M&M’S website, the average percentage of
brown M&M’S candies in a package of milk chocolate M&M’S is 13%.
(This percentage varies, however, among the different types of packaged
M&M’S.)

Suppose you randomly select a package of milk chocolate M&M’S that

.Solution:

a) If 𝑛 = 55 , 𝑝 = 0.13 , 𝑞 = 0.87
check 𝑛𝑝 = 55 ∗ 0.13 = 7.15 > 5, 𝑛𝑞 = 55 ∗ 0.87 = 47.85 > 5 so X
that denotes the portion of brown candies can be approximated using
normal distribution tables.
0.2−0.13
b) 𝑃(𝑝̂ < 0.2) = 𝑃 (𝑍 < 0.13∗0.87
) = 𝑃(𝑍 < 1.54) = 0.9328
√
55

0.35−0.13
c) 𝑃(𝑝̂ > 0.35) = 𝑃 (𝑍 > 0.13∗0.87
) = 𝑃(𝑍 > 4.85) = 0
√
55