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    Process To Develop Design Standards Using AASHTO Manual

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    rodzz_03813207
    This document provides guidance for developing road design standards using the AASHTO manual. It outlines procedures for determining standards for local roads based on average daily traffic, terrain, design speed, sight distances, grades, widths and other factors. Standards are defined for major local roads, minor local roads and minimum local roads serving 4 or fewer residences. Minimum standards may be set by local fire departments. The process results in specifications for elements like roadway width, shoulders, curvature and paving that ensure safety and access for emergency vehicles.

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    Process To Develop Design Standards Using AASHTO Manual

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    rodzz_03813207
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    This document provides guidance for developing road design standards using the AASHTO manual. It outlines procedures for determining standards for local roads based on average daily traffic, terrain, design speed, sight distances, grades, widths and other factors. Standards are defined for major local roads, minor local roads and minimum local roads serving 4 or fewer residences. Minimum standards may be set by local fire departments. The process results in specifications for elements like roadway width, shoulders, curvature and paving that ensure safety and access for emergency vehicles.

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    This document provides guidance for developing road design standards using the AASHTO manual. It outlines procedures for determining standards for local roads based on average daily traffic, terrain, design speed, sight distances, grades, widths and other factors. Standards are defined for major local roads, minor local roads and minimum local roads serving 4 or fewer residences. Minimum standards may be set by local fire departments. The process results in specifications for elements like roadway width, shoulders, curvature and paving that ensure safety and access for emergency vehicles.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    55 views6 pages

    Process To Develop Design Standards Using AASHTO Manual

    Uploaded by

    rodzz_03813207
    This document provides guidance for developing road design standards using the AASHTO manual. It outlines procedures for determining standards for local roads based on average daily traffic, terrain, design speed, sight distances, grades, widths and other factors. Standards are defined for major local roads, minor local roads and minimum local roads serving 4 or fewer residences. Minimum standards may be set by local fire departments. The process results in specifications for elements like roadway width, shoulders, curvature and paving that ensure safety and access for emergency vehicles.

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    of 6

    December 8, 2005

    PROCESS TO DEVELOP DESIGN STANDARDS


    Using AASHTO Manual

    Reference Documents:
    "A POLICY on GEOMETRIC DESIGN of HIGHWAYS and STREETS - 2001" by
    American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
    (AASHTO Manual). As the AASHTO Manual is updated the most current
    edition applies as appropriate.

    “TILLAMOOK FIRE DISTRICT UNIFORM FIRE CODE”, Appendix III-E (Fire


    Department Access). This document was updated by the Fire Defense
    Board on 4/21/05. Some section numbering and standards were
    updated accordingly.

    This handout is meant to provide clarification of procedures used to


    determine road standards when applying the AASHTO Manual (see below).
    This handout is not designed to replace actual use and reference of the
    AASHTO Manual. Note that if other County Ordinances or the local fire
    departments have higher standards than AASHTO, those other standards
    apply.

    The purpose of this analysis is to develop the design features for a


    "Local" rural road functional classification. This type of road is
    consistent with “Major Local” and “Minor Local” roads. For design
    features for “Minimum Local” roads (i.e. a street accessing 4 or less
    residences), see Page 3 of this handout.

    DEFINITIONS FOR TERRAIN (Page 235 of AASHTO Manual)


    "Level" terrain is where highway sight distances, as governed by
    both horizontal and vertical restrictions, are generally long or
    could be made to be so without construction difficulty or major
    expense.

    "Rolling" terrain is where the natural slopes consistently rise


    above and fall below the road grade and where occasional steep
    slopes offer some restriction to normal horizontal and vertical
    roadway alignment.

    "Mountainous" terrain is where longitudinal and transverse changes


    in the elevation of the ground with respect to the road are abrupt
    and where benching and side hill excavations are frequently
    required to obtain acceptable horizontal and vertical alignment.

    Page 1 of 6
    DEVELOPMENT OF DESIGN STANDARDS for
    “MAJOR LOCAL” AND “MINOR LOCAL” ROADS

    1. Determine the design Average Daily Traffic (ADT).


    a. For most developments this will be the existing ADT plus
    additional ADT for the developments being considered which are
    causing the needed improvements.
    b. When considering land development as a cause of increased ADT,
    the increased ADT should assume the maximum density allowed by
    the zoning.
    c. For residential developments the ADT is assumed to be 10 vehicles
    per day per residence.

    2. Determine the Design Speed.


    a. Use Table 5-1 (Page 385).
    b. Use Terrain definitions listed above.

    3. Determine Stopping Sight Distance and "K" Values for Vertical Curves:
    Use Table 5-2 (Page 385).

    4. No sections with passing sight distances are required with typical


    subdivision or major partition roads.

    5. Determine Maximum Grade: Use Table 5-4 (Page 386).

    6. Roadway Cross Slope. (Use 2% crown unless otherwise needed for curve
    superelevation or alternate engineered design)

    7. Determine Superelevation and Maximum Degree of Curve.


    a. Maximum superelevation is 12% (Page 387).
    b. Use Tables 3-21 through 3-25 (Pages 157-165) horizontal curvature
    design. If an applicant proposes a curve radius inconsistent with
    these tables, they need to provide engineered design details
    subject to approval by the Director of Public Works.

    8. Determine Minimum Width of Traveled Way (paved road): Use Table 5-5
    (Page 388).

    9. Determine Width of Graded Shoulder (each side).


    a. Use Table 5-5 (Page 388).
    b. In Mountainous Terrain shoulder in roadway cuts may be deceased by
    2 feet, but only if:
    (1) the total roadway width is not less than 18 feet, and
    (2) the cut is not on the inside of a minimum radius curve, and
    (3) stopping sight distance is not impaired by the roadway cut.

    Page 2 of 6
    DEVELOPMENT OF DESIGN STANDARDS for MINIMUM LOCAL ROADS
    (i.e. streets accessing a potential of 4 or less residences)

    The first two pages of this handout deal with design standards for
    Local Roads (“Major” and “Minor”). These standards are driven by
    potential traffic volume on the road and topography.

    A “Minimum Local” Road is defined as a street designed primarily for


    access to abutting properties and accessing 4 or less residences. In
    AASHTO this type of road is also known as a “Local Service” Road. When
    one deals with road standards for a Local Service Road, traffic volume
    is not the primary factor in design.

    Pages 408-420 apply to the design of a Local Service Road. Read the
    last two paragraphs on Pages 420 regarding specific application of
    Local Service Road standards. In Tillamook County, applicable Local
    Service Roads standards are applied with the following minimum
    standards overriding the language of AASHTO:

    • Consistent with the County Land Division Ordinance, where ever


    local fire department road design guidelines are more restrictive
    than AASHTO, the fire department standards are applied. To
    reference further fire department minimum standards, the Tillamook
    Fire District Uniform Fire Code (UFC) [Appendix III-E] is the
    acknowledged Access Guidelines source for all fire departments in
    the County. The most often applied fire department standards are
    noted below. A respective fire department reserves the right to
    conduct case by case reviews of design proposals and may apply a
    standard greater than the UFC if needed.

    • The AASHTO Design Vehicle Type that all local service roads shall
    be designed to is the Motor Home and Boat Trailer (MH/B, MH-B or
    MHB).

    • Though speed of traffic on Local Service Roads is not a major


    design factor, speed shall be considered in vertical curve
    alignment.

    Page 3 of 6
    DEVELOPMENT OF DESIGN STANDARDS for MINIMUM LOCAL ROADS
    (continued)

    SUMMARY PROCESS

    The below steps outline the summary process for determining design of
    Minimum Local (Local Service) Roads. Outlined below are highlights only
    of AASHTO Manual (i.e. not all sub-sections are discussed). They are
    not intended to replace full utilization of the Special Purpose Roads
    section as appropriate.

    1. Determine the Design Speed: Page 409. This section describes


    criteria for determining design speeds of proposed roads. Most
    Minimum Local (Local Service) Roads are considered “Area Roads”.
    These roads are not through roads, but will generally dead end at
    the service to the last parcel on the road. The minimum acceptable
    design speed without a Variance is 20 mph.

    2. Design Vehicle: MH/B (see above discussion).

    3. Determine Stopping Sight Distance and "K" Values for Vertical


    Curves: Pages 411-412 and Table 5-13.

    4. Passing Sight Distance: Pages 410-411.

    5. Determine Maximum Grade: Page 413. On 4/21/05 the Tillamook Fire


    Defense Board updated their Uniform Fire Code. Section 3.11 provides
    for a maximum 10% road grade. The fire chief may allow for up to a
    15% exception with justification and mitigation. This Section
    outlines criteria for fire department consideration of grades
    steeper than 10%.

    6. Determine Horizontal Alignment (Maximum Curvature and


    Superelevation): Use of the following Exhibits (16 & 17) from the
    AASHTO Guidelines for Very Low-Volume Local Roads is authorized if
    the road is gravel. If a paved road, standards for Minor Local Roads
    applies or an engineered design subject to approval by the Director
    of Public Works. Section 3.9 of the UFC outlines minimum turning
    radii [outside radius not less than 50 feet, inside radius not less
    than 30 feet].

    Page 4 of 6
    NOT SHOWN FOR CLARITY

    7. Determine Widths of Traveled Way and Shoulders: Sum of the traveled


    way and shoulder widths constitute the roadway width. Section 3.5 of
    the UFC outlines minimum roadway width for minimum local roads. The
    attached minimum road cross section is consistent with the fire
    department minimum. When required, paving applies to the Traveled
    Way width.

    If potential Average Daily Traffic is greater than 40 ADT, roadway


    widths described for “Major Local” and “Minor Local” Roads applies.

    Page 5 of 6
    TILLAMOOK COUNTY

    MINIMUM ROADWAY SECTION

    3" Aggregate Leveling Course (compacted)


    9" Aggregate Base (compacted)

    Notes:

    A. This minimum roadway section is consistent with local fire


    department minimum roadway width for emergency services vehicles.
    B. Width of traveled way centered in the right of way.
    C. Aggregate and asphalt specifications in accordance with Materials
    Specifications as outlined by Tillamook County Public Works.
    D. If certain condition(s) are met, paving of the traveled way may be
    required (not shown in the above section).

    ATTACHMENTS:

    • Copy of AASHTO Manual Pages 384-388


    • Copy of AASHTO Manual Pages 408-420
    • Copy of AASHTO Manual Pages 157-163 (metric charts excluded)
    • (select portions of above documents not included for clarity)
    • Tillamook Fire Defense Board Fire Department Access Guidelines
    (includes Supplement #1 regarding turnarounds)

    Page 6 of 6

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