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VARGAS-Module 1 Cell Structures and Functions

The document discusses the structures and functions of cells, including the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and organelles. It describes how the cell membrane regulates materials entering and leaving the cell, and how the cytoplasm is the site of metabolic reactions and protein translation. It also discusses the physiology of cells, stating that cells are the basic unit of life and structure according to the cell theory.

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Kathleen Vargas
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52 views2 pages

VARGAS-Module 1 Cell Structures and Functions

The document discusses the structures and functions of cells, including the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and organelles. It describes how the cell membrane regulates materials entering and leaving the cell, and how the cytoplasm is the site of metabolic reactions and protein translation. It also discusses the physiology of cells, stating that cells are the basic unit of life and structure according to the cell theory.

Uploaded by

Kathleen Vargas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VARGAS, Kathleen F.

RR32

1. Describe the cell structures and functions of


a.) cell
The cell structure comprises individual components with specific functions essential to carry out life's
processes. These components include- cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and cell organelles.
b.) cytoplasm
The cytoplasm is unusual because it is unlike any other fluid found in the physical world. Liquids that
are studied to understand diffusion usually contain a few solutes in an aqueous environment. However, the
cytoplasm is a complex and crowded system containing a wide range of particles from ions and small
molecules, to proteins as well as giant multi protein complexes and organelles. These constituents are moved
across the cell depending on the requirements of the cell along an elaborate cytoskeleton with the help of
specialized motor proteins. The movement of such large particles also changes the physical properties of the
cytosol.
Meanwhile, the function of cytoplasm is that it is the site for most of the enzymatic reactions and
metabolic activity of the cell. Cellular respiration begins in the cytoplasm with anaerobic respiration or
glycolysis. This reaction provides the intermediates that are used by the mitochondria to generate ATP. In
addition, the translation of mRNA into proteins on ribosomes also occurs mostly in the cytoplasm. Some of
it happens on free ribosomes suspended in the cytosol while the rest happens on ribosomes anchored on
the endoplasmic reticulum.
c.) cell membrane
The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, is a double layer of lipids and proteins that
surrounds a cell. It separates the cytoplasm from the external environment. It is a feature of all cells, both
prokaryotic and eukaryotic. The cell membrane gives the cell its structure and regulates the materials that
enter and leave the cell. It is a selectively permeable barrier, meaning it allows some substances to cross, but
not others. Like a drawbridge intended to protect a castle and keep out enemies, the cell membrane only
allows certain molecules to enter or exit.

2. Discuss the physiology of a cell.


Cells are the basis of life the basic structural unit of living things. Molecules such as water and amino
acids are not alive but cells are! All life is comprised of cells of one type or another.
The cell theory states that:
1. All known living things are composed of one or more cells.
2. All new cells are created by pre-existing cells dividing in two.
3. The cell is the most basic unit of structure and function in all living organisms.
A cell membrane which surrounds and protects the cell, the cytoplasm which is the watery interior
of the cell which contains ions, proteins, and organelles. Organelles which carry out all activities necessary
for the cell to live, grow, and reproduce Within the body, cells represent a level of organization between
organelles and tissues. Organelles in turn are comprised of specialized macromolecules and tissues are
collections of specialized cells. Brain, kidney, liver, muscle and lung tissues differ from each other because
of the structure and function of their constituent cells. Thus, the cells comprising each tissue type vary in
shape, size and interior structure to permit their specific physiological function within the tissue.

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