MIDDLE-EARTH

CAMPAIGN GUIDE'"

1.0 Introduction . . '"............'"................................... 4

.. . . 9.0 Using Elvish ......... . . . .. . .
. ..... ... . .. .. ....... .. . ..
. .... . ......... 39
2.0 The Sources . .
..... ..... .. . . .
. ... . ..... .. . . ..
.. .. .. ...
..... . . ........... 5 9. I Elvish Pronunciation .... . ................. ....... . 39
. . . . .

3.0 Terminology . . ... ......'".................'"......................... 6 9.2 Elvish Grammar .. .. ........................... ....... 41

. . . ..

4.0 Geography . . . . . . .. ... . .... '"............................................ 6 9.3 Elvish Writing ..... ........................................ 43
.

4.1 Locating Endor on Arda ... ...... .... . .. . . 7 . . .. ... . .. ... 9.4 Elvish-English Dictionary ......... .............. .45 . .

4.2 The Color Map of Endor . . .. ..... .. . .. ... 7 ... ... . . . . . . 9.5 English-Elvish Dictionary . ........... ............ 55 . .

4.3The Mountains ... .. .... ..... .. . .. .... .............. 8

. . . . . .. .. . 10.0 Power and Magic . . ..... .. . .
. ...................... ..... ..... . 66
2 4.4 The Water ............. ......................................... 9
. 10.1 Power in the West ......................... .......... 66 .

4.5 The Landscape ........ ..... ....... . ........ ... ... 10

... . . . .. . . 10.2 Power Elsewhere .......... ................. . ....... 68
. . . ..

5.0 Climate and Weather ....................................... I I 10.3 Power and Role Playing .. .......... ...... .. . 68 . . ... .

6.0 Nations and Politics ... .. . . . ... . . .

. ... ..... ... ... ..... .. . .. . 12.. 11.0 Gaming in Middle-earth . '" ................ 69
........ ..

6.1 A History of the West .................... ......... . 12 . . 11.1 Using FRP Systems .................... ............. 69 .

6.2 A History of the Wild Lands .. .. .... .. .... 23 . . . . . 11.2 GamingTips ......... . . .. ......... ..... ..... ...... 69
. . . . . . ..

7.0 Endor's Inhabitants ........................................... 27 12.0 Maps and Modules ..

........ . ....................... ...... . 70
7.1 The Free Peoples . ....... ..... ........ .. ............ 27
. .. . . . 12.1 Illustrative Maps ............... ..... ................ . 70
. . .

7.2 Servants of Darkness ... ............................... 32

. 12.2 Using the Color Poster Map . ... . ......... 70 . . . .

8.0 Language Themes .............................. ......... ..... . . 34 13.0 Glossary .............................................................. 77

8.1 Language in the West ....... .... .. ............... 34 . .. .. 13.1 Glossary ofTerms . .... ........ . ......... ........ 77
. . .. . .

Ctltbrimbor
difmtling the 8.2 Language in the "Wild Lands" . .... ... ...... 38 . . . 13.2 Reference Guide ........ . ........................... 122
. .

Gates of the House 14.0 Bibliography . .. .

............... .... . .......... ................. 125
of the Mfraain
 CREDITS
Authors: Peter C. Fenlon, Jr.,
Jessica M. Ney-Grimm.
Additional Material: Terry K. Amthor.
Cover Art: Angus McBride.
Interior Art: Liz Danforth, Darrell Midgett.
Color Poster Map: Pete Fenlon.
Interior Maps: Pete Fenlon.
Poster Map "Window" illustrations: Ralph Bakshi
(from the movie "The Lord of the Rings" ©I978
The Saul Zaentz Co., Berkeley, California).
Project Specific Contributions: Series Editor:
Jessica M. Ney-Grimm; Content Editor: Pete Fenlon;
Pagemaking: Suzanne Young� Layout: John Curtis;
Art Direction: Jessica Ney-Grimm; Cover Graphics:
Terry K. Amthor; Editorial Contributions: Coleman
Charlton, Heike Kubasch, Chris Seeman, Eileen
Smith, Carl Willner.
Other Contributions: Kevin P. Barrett, Mark Begiebing,
Steven Bouton, Andrew 'Christensen, Edward Dinwiddie,
Christian Gehman, William Hyde, Olivia H. Johnston,
Cheryl Kief, Don Knight, John "Croc" Morgan,
Ken Mosbaugh, John David Ruenunler, Eileen Smith,
Ruth Sochard-Pitt, the Popes, I. Haines Sprunt,
Carl Willner, Kevin Williams, Tommy Williams.

ICE STAFF
Sales Manager: Deane Begiebing;
Managing Eaitor: Coleman Charlton;
Presiamt: Peter Fenlon; CEO: Bruce Neidlinger;
Eaiting ana Deveu,ptnmt & Proauction Staff. Monte Cook,
John Curtis, Jessica Ney -Grimm;
Sales, Customer Slf"Vice & Operations Staff. Heike Kubasch,
Chad McCully; Shipping Staff. Dave Morris, Danid
Williams, Sterling Williams.
Worthy of Dedications: Laurie Battle, Richard H. Britton,
Cthulu (aka "Big Dog"), Kurt "Hugo" Fischer,
Olivia H. Johnston, Glenn "Monk" McCormick,
JeffNey-Grimm, Greg Stafford and the Chaosium crew.

©1982. 1983. 1989. 1993Tolkien Enterprises. a division of Elan Merchan­

dising. Berkeley. California USA. MiJJle--earth Campaign GuiJe. The Hobbit, and
TIe LorJ oj the Rings. and all characters and places therein. are trademark
properties ofTolkien Enterprises. All characters and places derived from
the works of].R.R.T olkien are common law trademarks used under license
from Grafton Books (Harper Collins). publishing successors to Unwin
Hyman. Ltd. and George Allen & Unwin. Ltd.• London. England. All rights
reserved.

Note: ICE's "Middle-earth Campaign Guide" is a revised

compilation of material previously published as part of
two works: "A Campaign and Adventure Guidebook for
DUnaaan Lnger
Middle-earth" (aka "Middle-earth Adventure Guide­
book 1") and "Middle-earth Adventure Guidebook II."
While ICE has added some new material and reorganized
the data, most of the prose here was already in print when
we began our revision.
 reaches of northwestern Middle-earth, this material also
1.0 INTRODUCTION
touches on the shadowy lands that comprise the rest of the
John Ronald Reuel Tolkien's legacy is truly monumen­
continent.
tal. His works of fantasy are masterpieces of imagina­
This work is based on extensive research. We attempt
tion-consistent, thorough, colorful, stirring and, most
to meet the high standards associated with J.R.R. Tolkien
of all, thought-provoking. Each of us who has delved into
and his legacy by employing rational linguistic, cultural,
his world has developed his or her own impressions of the
and geographical data. Interpretive material has been
flora, fauna, and landscape, building upon these images by
included with great care. It fits into defined patterns and
wondering about those things that received relatively
schemes. ICE does not intend it to be the sole or "proper"
little, or no, attention in the texts and appendices. By
view; instead, we hope to give you a little insight into the
creating such tremendous depth in his fantasy, Professor
ways T olkien created things, the thrust of his creative
Tolkien left us with both a broad world foundation and
process. We publish guidelines, not absolutes. This kernel
a host of unanswered questions.
of understanding should help you solve some of your own
This campaign guide is intended as an aid for those
mysteries and fill in some of the gaps in Middle-earth's
wishing to explore J.R.R. Tolkien's Middle-earth and
4 fantastic landscape.
integrate this marvelous world into their fantasy role
playing games. As you may already know, role playing
is akin to playacting a living novel. The referee, or
gamemaster, serves as a sott of actor/director, while
the players portray the main characters. Everyone
combines their imaginative talents to conceive a spon­
taneous story which is never short of action, intrigue,
and adventure. A collection of adventure episodes is
called a campaign. Over the years, gamemasters have
chosen Endor, Middle-earth, as the setting for count­
less role playing campaigns. No fantasy world exceeds
Professor T olkien's creation in terms of depth, flavor,
and consistency. It provides an ideal adventure gaming
locale.
ICE's Middle�eartb Campaign Guide is a tool to help
both gamemasters and players learn about Endor's
basic nature and themes. It is an ideal reference work
for anyone using any major fantasy role playing game
guidelines, especially ICE's Middle-earth'" series. Those
wishing to venture out into Endor's lands, experience
its magic and politics, discover new Cl]ltures, and build
upon its wondrous structures and settings will find this
work invaluable.
We begin this wmk with generalized discussions of
Middle-earth's geography, climate, politics, histories,
peoples, and languages. Then, we provide guidelines
for using Elvish, as well as a brief Elvish dictionary for
Shrewa Mercbant people· interested in translating Tolkien's startlingly
of tbe Tl"ollsbaws real vocabulary. The Guide also contains discussions
of magic, religion, and role playing. Finally, you will
discover a comprehensive glossary of terms, places, and
names. A host of maps and illustrations help illuminate
each theme. Besides charting the well-documented
2.0 THE SOURCES ____'.
__ Utifinished Tales. Boston: Houghton
Mifflin Co., 1980. Copyright © 1980 by George
ToIkien's Middle-earth ("Endor") has been docu:­
Allen & Unwin (Publishers) Ltd.
mented by a variety of commentators, including his third
SECONDARY SoURCES
son, Christopher R. Tolkien. Certain aspects of the world
and its associated histories are described in immense Fonstad, Karen Wynn. The Atlas ojMitltlk-earlh (Revised
detail, while others remain shrouded in varying degrees of Edition). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 199I.
uncertainty. Most commentaries center on the West Copyright © 1991 by Karen Wynn Fonstad.t
(actually the Northwest) of Endor, the middle continent Foster, Robert. The CAmpkte GuiJe to Mitltlk-earlh. New
of Arda. These works allot little or no space to outlying York: Ballantine Books, 1978. Copyright © 1971,
regions, aside from examining incursions of invaders or 1978 by Robert Foster.
noting the vague activities of the Dark Lord. When Tyler, J.E.A. The New Tollien CAmpanion. New York:
handling events and settings in the East, North, or South, Avon Books, 1978. Copyright © 1976, 1978 by
then, one is very much on his own. The creative rules of J.E.A. Tyler.
thumb, however, are simple. One should (I) derive an 5
understanding of "western activity" and the overall world Always remember that the published works of Profes­
setting, and (2) make sure the research shows little or no sorJ.R.R. Tolkien remain the ultimate sources of infor­
conflict with the sparse data found in primary sources­ mation about Endor. Posthumous publications edited by
the actual writings ofJ.R.R. Tolkien and those edited by his son Christopher shed additional light on the world of
his son Christopher. Adventures set in the West are Middle-earth, although much of this material is of unclear
necessarily more restricted. value and much of the data was superseded by the
A brief list of the most helpful primary and secondary aforementioned "Primary Sources."
sources which will provide invaluable for any Middle­ This work is based on The Hobbit and The Lord oj the Rings,
earth fantasy role playing (FRP) game follows. Should particularly the appendices from The Return ojthe King (the
you want to explore Endor in greater depth, refer to the third volume of the trilogy). Great pains have been taken
complete bibliography located in section 14.0. to assure no conflict with any other primary source
material. Since the material in ICE's series is derived from
PRlMARY SOURCES
the histories of the Third Age, The Lord oj the Rings stands
ToIkien, J.R.R. The Fellowship oj the Ring. Boston:
as our most instrumental resource. The Silmarillion and
Houghton Mifflin Co., 1965. Copyright © 1955,
Urifinished Tales provide crucial data for campaigns set in
1965 by J.R.R. Tolkien. Copyright © renewed
the First or Second Ages of Middle-earth. The former is
1982 by Christopher R. Tolkien, Michael HR. certainly key to any in-depth cosmological overview.
Tolkien, John F.R. Tolkien and Priscilla M.A..R.
Those wishing to integrateJ .R.R. ToIkien's Middle­
Tolkien.
earth into their fantasy role playing game can also refer to
____.__ The Hobbit. Revised Edition. New other works in ICE's Middle-earth series. These publica­
York: Ballantine Books, 1966. Copyright © 1937, tions comprise a host of adventure game supplements
1938,1966 by J.R.R. Tolkien. organized into sub-series such as "Peoples of Middle­
______ ,. The Return oj the King. Boston: earth," "Realms of Middle-earth," "Citadels of Middle­
Houghton Mifflin Co., 1965. Copyright © 1955, earth," etc. Each supplement is a handy reference unit
1965 by J.R.R. Tolkien. Copyright © renewed focusing on Third Age concepts useful to both role
1983 by Christopher R. Tolkien, Michael HR. player� and Middle-earth enthusiasts. ICE's offerings
ToIkien, John F.R. Tolkien and Priscilla M.A..R. include statistical information based on the Mitltlk-earlh
Tolkien. Role-Playing� (MERP), Lord oj the Rings Adventure
____.__ The Silmarillion. Boston: Houghton Came� (LOR), and Rokmaster� (RM) fantasy systems. This
Mifflin Co., 1977. Copyright © 1977 by George material is, however, adaptable for use with most major
Allen & Unwin (Publishers) Ltd. role playing games.
______ . The Two Towers. Boston: Houghton
Mifflin Co.,1965. Copyright © 1954, 1965 by
J.R.R. Tolkien. Copyright © renewed 1982 by
Christopher R. T oIkien, Michael HR. ToIkien,
John F.R. Tolkien and Priscilla M.A..R. Tolkien.
 3.0 TERMINOLOGY 4.0 GEOGRAPHY
Since this work is il1tended to be a resource for those Middle-earth is a largely undefined continent in both
wishing to engage in fantasy role playing in Middle-earth, geographical and cultural terms. What Tolkien thor­
it uses a handful of terms pertaining to the game aspects oughly documented was the scene for the events that
of the hobby. Definitions are provided below to clarify dominated the whole "life" of the land mass and its
their meanings. The many unique terms and translations inhabitants. This struggle against Darkness centered in
from The Hobbit and The Lord oj the Rings are not described the Northwest. There, those of greatest power came to
below; rather, they are located in the Glossary in Section clash.
13.0. The undefined lands and their inhabitants are largely
Armor Type (AT) - Armor is a covering that unknown. What is mentioned of them consists of brief,
provides protection to its wearer. Armor Type refers scanty references relating to the"vast East," or creatures
to the specific kind of covering used by a character and Men"from the South," etc. It is obvious, though, that
or creature. the Mfunakil (elephants) came from the reaches south of
6 Channeling - Channeling is the action of manipulat­ the great desert (beyond that area of the Haradwaith).
ing power drawn from those on high; in Middle­ They necessarily lived in aq ecological niche conducive to
earth, from the Valar. FRP professions'using their survival. Thus, we can reconstruct the region utiliz­
Channeling include: cleric, healer, animist, ranger, ing geological and meteorological patterns. There was a
astrologer, and sorcerer. relatively lush region beyond the desert to the south of
"Far Harad" which can be explained due to the weather
Character - see Player Character and Non-player
patterns blocked by an intervening mountain range. Many
Character.
of the Dark Lord's warriors came from the area, and its
Fantasy Role Playing (FRP) - A form of gaming coast was explored and/or colonized by the great captains
where the players determine and act out the part of of Numenor.
specific"characters." The interaction between these We know the Elves came out of the East and that a great
characters and the fantasy setting is monitored by number of their kind passed to the West during the First
the Gamemaster, who determines results and events Age. Their journey led them to the northwestern area of
by using a set of role playing game rules. Middle-earth. Later, Men such as the Balchoth and
Gamemaster (GM) - Also known as the Referee, Wainriders (both"Easterling�' peoples) came out of the
Judge, Dungeonmaster, DM, etc. The GM is the East. They hailed from regions beyond Rht1n and mi­
ultimate authority in a given fantasy role playing grated under pressure from groups further east. Geo­
game. He is responsible for giving life to the game graphical considerations channeled them into the terri­
by monitoring world events and providing the tory of Rhovanion and lands immediately north of Mordor.
necessary imaginative aids. Besides documenting the Thus, we begin to get a picture of expansive eastern
world, the GM interprets game rules, controls territories beyond Rht1n.
creatures and non-player characters, and maintains This image accounts for geography that (I) funnelled
the flow of play. groups through RhUn and toward Rhovanion, and (2)
Non-player Character (NPC) - A being or creature fostered the great desert ofHarad. There were mountains
interacting in a fantasy role playing game who is east of the desert and regions beyond them where Sauron's
controlled by (i.e., "run" or"played by") the ,shadow took hold. They were described as "vast." The
Gamemaster or a player but who is not synonymous Men of Khand dwelled west of these mountains and
with any given player. Essentially any character that southeast of Mordor. Dominated by the overlord of
is not a"Player Character," an NPC has no identity Mordor, these ruthless folk had contact with the
with any human participant. Since the NPC is not "Easterlings," at least when the latter migrated westward.
identified with anyone, his death or departure will Their attentions focused on the Dark Land, however, due
not result in anyone leaving the game or having to to the power of the Shadow and the geographic con­
generate a new character. straints of their homeland.
Player Character (PC) - A being or creature con­
trolled by (i.e.,"run" or"played by") and identified
with one of the players in a fantasy role playing
game. In the game context, the PC is the player and
vice versa.
 Mordor's two mountain ranges-the Ephel DUath Therefore, we can derive a viable interpretive view of
("Mountains of Shadow") on the western and southern the "wild" lands ofEnd<?r, regions that occupy most of the
borders and the Ered Lithui ("Ash Mountains") which land mass. These areas spawned limited "civilizing" influ­
formed the northern border-can be explained by volca­ ences and played a lesser part in Middle-earth's cultural,
nic activity plentiful in Mordor). Natural and/or Sauronic political, and military affairs, but they comprised a more
sources spawned both uplifts. Given the continental significant portion of the continent than the well-defined
divide to the west (for the Anduin crossed between the "West."
White Mountains and Mordor), these ranges formed part
of a tectonic plate and a network of mountains that ran 4. 1 LOCATING ENDOR ON ARDA
further east. Leaving a substantial gap for the flow of Middle-earth is located on Arda. It is situated north of
people between Khand and the plains south of the Sea of the dark continent of M6renore and east of the br�ad land
Rht1n, we can recreate the flow of the mountains border­ of Aman. Passage between the Endor and Aman is
ing the eastern edge of Harad's great desert. difficult, for since S.A. 33I 9 the seas between have been
Other specific standards, such as the reference to the "bent." Those who sail westward toward Aman reach a
Sea of Rht1n being the largest "inland sea" in Middle­ successful landfall only by leave of the Valar. 7
earth, enable the a cartographer to judge the scale of During the Second Age, Men occupied the island
formations, in this case lakes and freshwater "seas." We continent of Numenor that rose out of the Sundering Sea
also know that the Ice Bay ofForochel was one portion of ("Belegaer") separating Endor and Aman. It was closer to
a "much larger bay." The cold wastes of the North the latter continent, but most ships anchoring in the
extended artificially southward in the area of the lost island's fine harbors travelled between Numenor and
realms of Arnor and Angmar, and one can judge this Middle-earth rather than plying the waters further east.
boundary as the southernmost limit of consistently frigid Arda is a sphere during the Third Age, although some
weather. legends suggest that the continent of Aman
remains on a flat plain. Swamps
I!f Rast V01'11
4.2 THE COLOR MAP OF
ENDOR
ICE's color map of Middle-earth depicts
Endor in the Third and Fourth Ages. It is by
nature interpretive. We have chosen to use real
distances rather than conforming to a flat pro­
jection, so that it is easier for GMs to determine
the relative locations of key areas. Pay particular
attention to the significant features which may
dominate the flow of events in a fantasy role
playing game.
The terrain symbols represent relative changes
in grade, and depict only the larger features of
a given variety. Small lakes and streams, the
rolling countryside, mountain foothills, etc. are
not given distinct coverage. Elevations vary
considerably, and what appear to be hills in one
area may actually be higher than mountain
uplifts elsewhere. With respect to )the high
plains around them, the former heights are hilly.
 4.3 THE MOUNTAINS
Western Middle-earth's highest mountain
. range is the MistyMountains, an uplift created
in part by Morgoth's shenanigans in the·· days
when the Elves were just awakening. They are
an excellent example of the power of the sec­
ondary forces that helped shape the land. Their
overall height is apparently unparalleled, al­
though specific areas of the White Mountains
and the Orocami (Q. "RedMountains") of the
East reach comparable heights. The width of
the Misty Mountains is modest, but the foot­
hills stretch westward for many leagues.
Both the MistyMountains (S. "Hithaeglir")
8 and White Mountains (S. "Ered Nimrais") are
snow capped year round. Coupled with the high
elevation, _the cold; moist weather fosters large
snow fields and glaciers in theHithaeglir.Gla­
cial activity in the northern reaches of theMisty
Mountains accounts for the area's numerous
lakes and scree fields. Snows in the White
Mountains are more a factor of height than
climate or latitute.
Low and warmed by the neighboring deserts,
Mordor's mountains-theEred Lithui (S. "Ash
Mountains") and the Ephel DUath (S. "Fence
of Shadow")--lack snow. An associated range,
the Ered Ormal (S. "Hot-gold Mountains"),
also presents a low profile and receives no snow.
Fangorn
Fortst Its location astride natural weather patterns,
however, invites some rainfall (mostly on its
eastern side). The Ered Luin (S. "Blue Mountains") and Both the Blue Mountains and Mountains of the East
the Ered Mithrin (S. "Grey Mountains") are also low are remnants of ranges which were tom apart by the
chains, but they are blanketed with snow caps.Given their changing of the land after theFirstAge. The former chain
northerly latitude and proximity to the cold weather (a once formed the east wall of Beleriand, and separated
legacy ofMorgoth), both ranges receive ten to twenty feet those now sunken lands from the expanse calledEriador.
of snow each winter. The taller Yellow Mountains (S. In the East, the Orocami and the OrosUlo (Q. "Moun­
"Ered Laranor") of southern Endor, ·on the other hand, tains of the Wind'�) to the south once formed a single
rarely harbor snow. chain. These peaks stretched across a land with a gentle
Most mountain ranges have a steep side and an oppos­ shoreline, separating the ocean from the Inland Sea of
ing gentle incline.Hills are less prominent on the side with Helcar. As a result of the cataclysm at the end of theFirst
the severe face, where the peaks drop quickly onto gentle Age, thotJ;gh, both the Ered Luin and the eastern moun­
lowlands. Foothills adjoin the high peaks on the opposite tain ranges became sundered. They now have large passes
side of the range. The bulk of the runoff £tom alpine rains and gaps. Indeed, the Ered Luin is actually two separate
and snows normally sweeps down these gentle slopes, chains. The Gulf of Lhfm cuts through the Blue Moun­
since the divide is located along the mountain spine and tains and drains part of Eriador.
is generally very close to the base of the steeper face. The
largest highland surface area is along the gradual incline.
 The regions of principal volcanic activity are: (I) Great Lamps brought forth awesome forces (creating the
Mordor, where many of the mountains owe their origin Bay of Ormal and Sea oflliuin). In addition, the planned
and black appearance to volcanoes; (2) certain areas of the symmetry of the continent was altered during the associ­
Ered Ormal (aka the Central Range); and (3) the scatrered ated struggles between Morgoth and the Valar. Later, the
peaks and highlands of the Far North, were once lay the whole of the north coast was ripped apart by the War of
Ered Engrin (S. "Iron Mountains") of old. Nearly all the Wrath and the fall of the Black Enemy. Northwestern
precipitous terrain of the North, including the Grey Endor-including Beleriand and Morgoth's domains in
Mountains, once was connected to the Iron Mountain and beside the Iron Mountains to the north-sank be­
chain. This region remains violently active, for it is the neath the sea. Much of this region formed the new
bequest of Morgoth that no land touched by him shall be continental shelf The strait called Helcaraxe (Q. "Grind­
easily renewed. ing Ice") widened, allowing ice-free passage from the
Belegaer into the Helkear during the warm months of
4.4 THE WATER summer. In the Northeast, the ancient Inland Sea of
Endor is a large continent and is naturally endowed Helcar became part of the ocean.
with well-watered areas, particularly where the climate The currents around Endor are difficult to generalize. 9
and topography join to frequently replenish the land. No A basic clockwise pattern dictates most of the flow, but
region is absolutely devoid of rainfall. Even the particu­ this rule is disrupted by significant . localized counter­
larly dry locales in Mordor or the middle of the Great clockwise currents in the southwest and above the north­
Desert are crossed by wadis or channels cut by sometimes ern coast. A counterclockwise ocean channel also strikes
violent periodic streams. the shores near the western cape of Andrast. This strong
current helps account for the area's terrible storms.
THE OCEANS As water becomes colder, it gets denser: it retains less
Traditionally, two seas surround Endor: the Belegaer salt and sinks below the warmer water it encounters.
(S. "Great Sea") to the west, and the Ekkaia or Encircling Therefore, the northern Belegaer, which receives more
Waters to the east, north, and south. The Belegaer cold currents, is a fresh, cool sea even where warm surface
contains all the seas separating Endor from Aman, and streams predominate. The clash of warm and cold flows
therefore touches only the western shores of the Middle also result in terrific undertows and interesting whirl­
Continent. All the other seas are considered sections of pools.
the Ekkaia.
The Ekkaia is really three distinct bodies of water. To INLAND WATER
the south, it is called the Haragaer, and it separates During the Third Age, the Sea of Rhun is the largest
Middle-earth from the nearby continent of M6renore. inland body of water in all of Endor. It is a small
The great Bay of Ormal is the largest gulf adjoining these freshwater sea set in a low, wide basin, with no outlet to
waters. To the east, the Elves refer to the Ekkaia as the the oceans; higher surrounding lands channel its waters.
Romenear, or "East Sea." North of Endor, the Encircling (Although it contains some salt, it is exceedingly potable.)
Waters become the Helkear, the "Ice Sea." Noted for two GMs studying the color map showing drainage regions
great gulfs, the Sea of lliuin and the Bay of Utfun, the should note that there are a number of land-locked lakes
Helkear is also commonly called the Khelegaer (S. "Icy in the high plains of eastern Middle-earth. They owe their
Sea") or Forogaer (S. "North Sea"). existence to the same cataclysm that broke the eastern
Local groups have their own labels for the ocean. mountains and reformed the continent at the end of the
NUmen6rean maps, for instance, employ names for the Elder Days. Underground streams empty some of these
individual seas, so the terms Belegaer and Ekkaia can be lakes, but others are deep, stagnant pools.
viewed as generalized collections of lesser salt water Elsewhere, Endor's fresh water makes its way down to
bodies. The GM may wish to discuss the oceans in terms the oceans. The two principal riverS-the Anduin (S.
of groupings of smaller regional seas. ."Great River") and Talathrant (S. "Plains Course')­
Keep in mind that the cataclysms accompanying the flow southward and northward, respectively, largely be­
passing of the Spring of Arda and the end of the First Age cause of a highland spine that runs southeast across
radically changed the coastline of Middle-earth. All of Endor. They drain the bulk of the deep interior. The
this activity helps account for the rugged nature of the Talathrant is the longest river system in Endor, and carries
coastal landscape. The first tumultuous event marred the water from the Ered Ormal to the Bay ofUtfun. Of all the
northern and southern shores, for the destruction of the rivers, the Anduin is the inightiest, considering its length,
volume, and importance as a geographic barrier. All others
should be measured by it.
 Nurnen in Mordor is the largest body of saltwater in The extensive taiga (coniferous forests) of our world
Middle-earth. Saltwater lakes normally occur where the are absent except in the far northeastern sections of the
weather is warmer. There, evaporation is relatively quick continent. This is due to the 'extreme cold that reaches far
and the water holds more salt. Naturally, salt deposits southward along most of Endor's northern frontier, a
located close to the land surface are also a significant legacy of Morgoth's foul hand. Some regions normally
determinant. A number of small briny lakes dot the Great covered by great conifers in Middle-earth are periodically
Desert and the surrounding Harad lowland, although beset with perpetual cold. An absence of active malevo­
most are intermirtent. lence (e.g., when Angmar is dormant) lessens the chill, but
the frigid curse of Melkor remains omnipresent.
4.5 THE LANDSCAPE Mirkwood is represented as a pine forest on the color
Endor is home to every sort of terrain, from steep fells map, although it is mixed in most all of the lowland areas.
to gentle plains. It is as varied and surprising as our own Tremendous stretches of pine and spruce, together with
world. a heavy mix of needle-leaf evergreens in areas where there
are deciduous trees, have resulted in the use of the fir
10 THE GREAT DESERT symbol. This is also the area where secondary forces are
The vast desert region of Harad is an amazingly
strongest; Sauron's influence has given the forest its new
dominant feature, for it seems to have contributed heavily
name.
to the isolated nature of the well-documented West. Its
In the Far South, beyond Harad, the Great Desert, and
character is akin to those deserts able to support limited,
the Mountains of the South, live the Mt1makil or
but not insignificant populations (trade and settlement
"Oliphaunts." Their homeland, and indeed all the nearby
are evident'even in deep areas); nonetheless, it is an unkind
area, is interspersed with mixed forest and jungle. The
expanse. In the eastern foothills, along the flanks of the
humid and well watered lowlands along the shores of the
Ered Ormal and southeastern edge of the Ephel Duath,
Haragaer accommodate the greatest concentration of life
the land can support fair numbers. The coastal refuges of
in all of Endor.
Umbar and some of the southern bays frequented by the
men ofNUmenor embrace also inviting town sites. Home THE PLAINS
to some of Endor's finest ports, the area is renowned for Plains predominate in much of the East, North, and
both its seaborne trade and piracy. Some of Sauron's South. The central continent is relatively unbroken, arid,
greatest servants hailed from the region. On the south side and uninviting. Coupled with the mountain barrier, the
of the desert, the Mountains of the South (Ered Laranor) vast central plains isolate the West from the East. Ex­
rise abruptly from the plain. The dearth of runoff limits tremely fertile areas are present here, but the harsh weather
the flow of local rivers and the scarcity of northern and the Easterlings' limited technology make agriculture
foothills restricts the number of fortifiable sites. Here, a true adventure. Well watered, the region called RhUn is
good town-places are precious. an obvious and traditional settlement site. Nonetheless,
few peoples plow the area's high coarse grass.
, THE FORESTS Grassy plains of varying types extend across the East
The primary forest of old, of which Mirkwood and the
between the central and eastern highlands. Northern
Old Forest were a part, once covered much of Middle­
tundra and ice plains lie beyond of the broken ranges that
earth. Certainly, nearly the whole of Eriador and Rhovanion
mark the polar boundary. They also stretch across the so­
was blanketed by trees. It was a dense, mixed forest. The
called "northern wastes," the region occupied by the
cataclysm at the end of the First Age and the great
Forodwaith and the Urnli.
NUmen6rean tree harvests of the Second Age combined
Central Mordor is divided into two plains: Gorgoroth,
to clear most of these noble woodlands.
which is actually a high and broken plateau, and Nurn.
Now, the northwestern forests are scattered and more
Gorgoroth is a rocky land covered with volcanic debris. It
specialized (e.g., oak woods in one area, beeches else­
is a desert wasteland. WhileNurn's soils are also volcanic,
where). Larger stands, such as Mirkwood, Fangorn, and
this region is relatively fertile, particularly around the Sea
the Eryn Yorn retain a somewhat varied character, but
ofNurnen. West and nQrthwest of Mordor, there are no
most of the region's timberlands have a more uniform
great expanses of true plain; rather, the unforested low­
(and fragile) nature.
lands are generally broken by rolling hills and occasional
Mixed deciduous forests cover much of the temperate
wooded stands. Much of this land was cultivated in the
East. Hardwoods abound along the flanks of the eastern
days before the Great Plague. Many of the hills are rather
mountains and cover much of the coastal lowlands. Exotic
treacherous and extreme in their features. Others, such as
varieties of trees predominate in the Southeast.
the down-lands found in Eriador and the Wold, are
relatively gentle.
 Mountainous locales standing in the path of wet or
5.0 CLIMATE AND
reasonably moist winds are therefore well-watered. Higher
WEATHER ranges, however, actually shed their runoff in an unbal­
The climate of Endor combines natural and secondary anced fashion. Rains usually fall on the windward side of
powers. A few basic continental trends follow. the highlands, leaving the leeward side drier. Grasslands,
or even desert, typically lie along the leeward flanks.
WINDS This is not always true. In certain cases, the leeward face
Most Endorian winds are westerly, sweeping out of the
can be even more moist than that facing the wind. Where
West and the Belegaer. They begin traveling toward the
the drop on windward side is sudden and the mountains
Northeast as they leave the ocean; then they arc, so that by
are relatively low, the rain may fall near the ridgeline and
the time they reach the Gaer RhUnen, they are heading
run off in the leeward direction. There is less horizontal
toward the East or Southeast. Cold northerly winds come
surface area for rain to drop on where the face is precipi­
out of the Far North, pushing southward as far as the Grey
tous. The dew point may also be delayed by a relatively
Mountains and the northern plains. A third group of
long cooling period. When the winds originate in a dry
winds, the "northeasterly" trades, originate in the south­ II
clime, saturation may not occur until they reach a higher
ern interior and push southwestward.
altitude.
MODERATING FORCES WHERE AIR. MAssES MEET
The winds coming off the oceans bring moisture and
In the mid-latitudes, warm air masses from the South
moderation to the lands of Middle-earth. As one leaves
meet the cold air of the North. A series of rotating weather
the coasts, temperatures become harsher, accentuating
patterns result. They move west to east, with the prevail­
normal regional trends. In the East this variation is more
ing winds. Weather fronts move accordingly: warm fronts,
extreme, for the winds driving through the interior have
with warm, light summer showers; harsh, stormy cold
generally traveled a considerable distance. Local coastal
fronts; and occluded, or grinding, jaw-like fronts, result­
breezes moderate the climate of the shores, but prevailing
ing in long wintertime rains and snows.
westerlies and mountains keep these winds from penetrat­
ing into the interior. THE EFFECTS OF SECONDARY POWER
Morgoth and Sauron have had profound effect on
TEMPERATURE CURVES certain areas of Middle-earth. In the Far North, the Black
Generally, northern latitudes enjoy a wider variety of
Enemy left a legacy of everlasting cold by denuding and
seasons, and have more radical temperature shifts over the
then enchanting the land. Cold polar winds sweep farther
course of a year. As one moves south, the degree curve gets
south than would otherwise be expected. Only the volca­
flatter, with uniformly higher temperatures varying rela­
noes and polar sea breezes have any moderating influence.
tively little from summer to winter.
Sauron, on the other hand, has produced two approaches
MOUNTAIN INFLUENCES to the perversion of climate. In Angmar his hand has
At higher altitudes, the surface air is thin and exposed increased the cold that already besets the northwestern
colder climes. Lower temperatures and pressures foster Misty Mountains. In Mordor, the driving heat combines
condensation. Here, the winds quickly shed moisture. with bizarre freezes. In both cases, the air has been
Whenever warm, moisture-laden air flow rises and reaches depleted of much of its precious life-giving qualiry. Awful
a cooling belt, precipitation results. fumes and corrosive smoke add to the plight in Mordor,
particularly on the plate4u of Gorgoroth.

MAJOR MOU NTAIN CHAINS OF MIDDLE-EARTH

Range Sindarin Name Quenya Name Location Snow :=Altitude Windward Side Steeper Face
Ash Mountains Ered Lithui Orolithui Mordor/Rhovarllon None :=6,000 ft North North
Blue Mountains Ered Luin Oroluine Lindon/Eriador Autumn-Spring :=8,000 ft West East
(Hot) Gold Mountains Ered Ormal Urmaldoronti Central Endor None :=5,000 ft Northwest East
Grey Mountains Ered Mithrin Oromisti Rhovarllon Year-round :=6,000 ft North South
Iron Mountains Ered Engrin Oronangri NNE Endor Year-round
:=9,000 ft North South
Misty Mountains Hithaeglir Hisioronti Eriador/Rhovarllon Autumn-Spring :=13,000 ft West East
Red Mountains Ered Ceren Orocarni Eastern Endor Winter-Spring :=1 1,000 ft West West
Shadow-fence Ephel Duath Peldaio Ithilien/Mordor None :=7,000 ft Southwest West /South
White Mountains Ered Nimrais Oroninque Rohan/Gondor Winter-Spring := 1 1 ,000 ft Southwest West
Mountains of the Wind Ered-i-St1l OrosUlo ESE Endor Winter :=10,000 ft Northeast West
Yellow Mountains Ered Laranor Orolanari SSW Endor Some Winters :=7,000 ft Southeast North
 6.0 NATIONS AND The Valar (who now excluded Morgoth) made their
home on the isle of Almaren, in the wide lake that sat in
POLITICS the midst of Endor. While they resided in peace, their
This section is devoted to background material for enemy Morgoth began delving deep beneath the North of
campaigns run in Middle-earth. The timeline in 6.1 Middle-earth, carving vast caverns out of the hollows of
covers events tn the West or "Great Lands," while 6.2 the rock. He called his lair "Utumno." There, at the edge
involves a generalized discussion of the rest of the conti­ of Illuin's reach, Morgoth dwelled. He spawned a great
nent. host of monsters from those beasts of Arda he was able to
pervert. Spiders were bred for the first time, and a number
6.1 A HISTORY OF THE WEST of evil Maiar, notably the Balrogs, joined in the rebellion.
The following is an abbreviated iimeline which covers When the other Valar had relaxed their vigil, Morgoth
certain significant events as recorded in Elven tales or the struck. He tore down Ormal and Illuin. The engulfing
histories of the Free Peoples. That which took place flames unleashed from the broken Lamps slaughtered
before the Count of Time is discussed in past tense. those poor animals that escaped the rising of the Sea.
12 Middle-earth was forever marred, for the Valar's dream of
BEFORE TIME symmetry was destroyed in the wake ofthe flood. Almaren
Before Time there was nothing but Eru, the One. From was no longer.
his thought came the Holy Ones, servants, of whom the The Valar responded with a vengeance and assailed the
Valar and Maiar are best known. Black Enemy's army. Manwe, Lord of the Valar, called
The kindred of the Holy Ones gave birth to a Great forth his brethren, forcing Morgoth to flee into Utumno
Song which filled the Void and was the next creation of under the cover of the awful darkness. The terrible hold
Eru. From the Song came Ea, all that is ofthe heavens and remained safe, since the Valar were hard pressed to
the world. Fate was also derived from the Song, and the restrain the destruction above.
beings that would fill the world were deemed tied to the THE RISE OF AMAN
Music and to a fate so drawn-except . Men, for they were When the cataclysm ended, the Valar left Middle-earth
to follow their own course. and established their new home in the westernmost lands
One of the Valar, however, saw fit to weave his own of Arda, the immortal reaches of Aman. Behind the
thoughts into the patterns set down by Eru, and there was highest of all mountains (the Pel6ri) they built their
great discord. The One became displeased with the Vala Blessed Realm; and Aman embraced, from that time on,
called Melkor (Q. "He Who Arises in Might"), the one the Undying Lands ofV alinor. Morgoth was left to walk
we now call "Morgoth" (S. "Black Enemy")' the crippled wilds of the reshaped Middle Continent.
Eru envisioned his children and spoke to the Holy Only the stars set in the sky by Elbereth ("Varda") lit the
Ones oftheir coming. A place was to be made for the Elves land.
and Men. So arose a need for Arda, and many ofthe Holy When Valinor was complete, and the beautiful city of
Ones set about the work ofshaping the Earth. Those who Valmar (Valimar) had been finally established, a new gift
did so are now called Valar, and ofthem, Morgoth was the from Arda sprang forth. In the mound of Ezellohar,
greatest. From Morgoth's desire came Evil, and a war was outside the western gates of the Valar's city, two saplings
fought over the shaping of the new land. That which was sprouted. Nurtured by the Valar, they grew and flour­
to be temperate and symmetrical became varied, although ished, and began to glow with a fabulous light which
Arda remained essentially circular and flat. waxed and waned in a staggered dance. The light filled
Arnan, and the Two Trees-the white Telperion and
THE .FIRST AGE Laurelin the Golden-marked the twelve hour Valinorian
The beginning of the First Age was marked by the day with the flow of their light. Their first full day began
creation of the Light of Arda. the Count of Time.
THE SPRING OF ARoA: THE YEARS OF THE LAMPS
THE YEARS OF THE Two TREES
I Morgoth's discord was stayed for a time, and during the The following are the major events after the birth ofthe
respite the other Valar sought to fill the new land with Count of Time, in rough chronological order:
light. Two huge lamps wrought by the Smith Aule were
set upon great pillars in the Encircling Sea. Illuin stood to - Countless years pass. All the while, Morgoth
the north, and Ormal to the south, and both were beside rebuilds his armies and renews his attempts to
the middle continent of Endor. They illuminated the seduce the Valar. It is at this time that one of the
land, and plants and beasts began to fill Arda with a most powerful Maiar, Sauron (S. "Gorthaur the
quieter song. Still, the Elves and Men slept. Cruel"), joins the Evil.
- The Vala Aule (the Smith) creates the Khazid - The Elves begin to explore the land around their
(Dwarves) from earth and stone, and he begins to birthplace and develop language. Meanwhile, the
teach them and give them speech. Em intercedes, Valar are unaware of their awakening. Morgoth
since the Dwarves were not according to his plan; discovers their presence and seeks to waylay them.
Aule's Children are allowed to live, but they are cast He instills in them a fear of the other Valar.
into a deep sleep. The Elves would be Firstborn. - On one of his journeys across Endor, the Vala
- The Valie Yavanna (Q. "Giver of Fmits"), spouse Orome (the Hunter) realizes that the Elves have
of the Smith Aule and "Queen of the Earth," renews awakened in accordance with Em's prophecy. Many
the planting and growth of the living things in of the Elves, however, are filled with dread when
Middle-earth. The Ents, or "Shepherds of the they first encounter him.
Trees," first walk the land. - Orcs are made by Morgoth from the captive or evil
- By Cuivienen, in the northeast of Middle-earth, the Elves that find their way to the breeding pits of
Elves awaken. They call themselves Quendi, or Utumno. Morgoth continues his quest to enslave
"Speakers," for they speak with voices unlike all the Em's Children.
other Kelvar (S. "Growing-things That Move")' Of
13
- Morgoth builds a huge fortress in the Northwest of
all the Free Peoples, they are the Firstborn. Middle-earth; it is called "Angband" (S. "Iron
- The Seven Fathers of the Dwarves awaken. Their Prison"), and designed to "protect" Endor from the
tribes divide and go their separate ways. Valar of Aman. Sauron, the Black Enemy's chief
lieutenant, commands the underground
complex. Half-troll
- Yavanna and Orome convince the Valar
of Morgoth's plan to seduce the Elves and
rule Endor.
- The Battle of the Powers brings the Host
of Valinor back to Middle-earth. They
drive Morgoth into Utumno and place a
guard on Cuivienen. Utumno is besieged
and razed; Morgoth is captured and
chained by the Vala Tulkas. The Black
Enemy is imprisoned.
- Prodded by Orome, the Elves send envoys
to Valinor, led by the brothers Ingwe,
Finwe, and Elwe. The envoys return and
tell their brethren of the wonders of
Aman.
- The Three Kindreds of the Eldar-the
Vanyar, Noldor, and Teleri-begin the
Great Journey westward in search of the
light of the Two Trees and the shores of
Aman. Those Elves unwilling to make the
journey become known as the "Avari" (Q.
"Refusers"); they become the various
groups of "Silvan Elves."
- Part of the Teleri, the Nandor under
Lenwe, remain east of the Misty Moun­
tains and move south along the Anduin.
- The Three Kindreds arrive in Aman. The
Vanyar are the first to land in Aman.
They are followed by the Noldor.
 - The Teleri remain in Middle-earth for a time, but - The Valar realize Morgoth's plans and b�lieve he
most finally complete the journey. This group has left Arda. They place a watch to the notth of
becomes known as the Sea-elves. They are led by Valinor and Eldamar. ln reality, however, Morgoth
Olwe. assumes a disguise and sneaks to Avathar in the
- Another group remains in Middle-earth with their southeast of Aman. There, in the darkest land in all
lord Elwe. A romance with the Maia Melian, and a the world, he encounters the evil demon Ungoliant.
love for the land of Beleriand, make Elwe stay. THE LoNG NIGHT (SUNLESS YEAR)
Those who remain with him become known as the - Morgoth conspires with Ungoliant to destroy the
Sindar (Q. "Grey-elves"), and their lord adopts the Two Trees. The hideous demon assumes a spider
-name "Elu Thingol." He weds Melian and founds shape and, under cover of her Unlight, the two slip
the Kingdom of Doriath. One of Thingol's greatest into Valinor. Morgoth wounds the trees with his
followers is Cirdan the Shipwright. spear, and their sap spills fotth. Ungoliant sucks up
- All Three Kindreds first settle in the eastern coastal the sap, poisons the Trees, and drinks dry the Wells
realm of Eldamar (Q. "Elvenhome"), an area ofVarda.
14 separated from Valinor by the Pel6ri Mountains. - Morgoth breaks into Finwe's treasury at Formenos
Tirion becomes the city of the Noldor, while the in the northeast of Aman. He steals all its wealth,
Teleri choose Alqualonde by the sea. The Vanyar including the three Silmarils, and then slays Finwe
later wander westward into the mountains and the himself.
bright land of Valinor.
- As the Two Trees perish, Morgoth and Ungoliant
- The Sindar of Thingol first meet the Dwarves (Kh. flee across the icy straits of the Helcaraxe and into
"Khazad" or S. "Naugrim") as the latter begin Middle-earth. The Unlight stays the pursuit.
crossing the Blue Mountains (S. "Ered Luin"). Valinor is Darkened with a night unparalleled.
- RUmil, a Noldo ofTirion in Eldamar, develops the - The Great Spider makes demands of all the power
first writing system and records the first history. and light stolen from Aman. Morgoth realizes he
- The Noldor create a number of great works and cannot elude her and attempts to use the jewels of
become proud. One, Feanor, revises RUmil's script; Formenos as payment; the Silmarils are withheld,
he also makes great strides in the making of gems. It however. Ungoliant consumes the jewels and grows.
is Feanor who first calls Melkor "Morgoth." She demands the Silmarilli. Morgoth is threatened
- Morgoth publicly repents, although in his heatt he and calls forth a guard of Balrogs, who drive
plots escape. The Valar believe his apologies and, Ungoliant southward.
after "three ages" in the Halls of Mandos, the Black - Feanor claims lordship over the Noldor, for he is
Enemy is released. Manwe pardons him before the the eldest survivor of Finwe. His sons join him as he
gates of Valmar. arouses the Noldor. They all swear vengeance
- An uneasy period passes. Morgoth walks Valinor against any who would seek to covet the Silmarilli.
- under the suspicious gaze of Tulkas, the Valiant, Feanor's brother Fingolfin, and the latter's second
and Ulmo (Q. "Pourer"), the Lord of Waters. The son Turgon, try to cool their fellow Noldor, for
Black Enemy teaches the Noldor and many succumb they seek no break from the Valar. Feanor's host
- to his pleasing ways. prepares to go to Endor. Civil strife threatens the
- Feanor creates the three Silmarilli, nearly indestruc- Eldar as tempers rise. Fingolfin's first son, Fingon,
tible jewels that embody and preserve the light of urges his father to join Feanor and march on
the Two Trees. They are the most precious and Morgoth. Fearing a sundering of the Noldor, and
powerful of all Elda creations. seeing that the majority of his own people concur
- The Noldor, persuaded of the Valar's lust for the with Fingon and the Feanorian faction, Fingolfin
Silmarilli by the lies of Morgoth, arm and begin to agrees to lead his people back to Middle-eatth.
speak of rebellion. Finwe - the Noldor Lord, and Finwe's third son Finamn attempts to remain
father of Feanor and Fingolfin - informs the Valar neutral, but reluctantly takes patt in the quest.
of his people's plight.
- Morgoth attempts to steal the Silmarilli from
Feanor's home in Tirion through guile, but is driven
away.
 - A huge st�rm brought on by an angry sea
destroys a number of the White Ships, but
the majority of the Noldor survive. The
Valar prevent any of their followers from
barring the passage of the rebels, and the
Noldor are spared from destruction at the
hands of UIrno or his helpers.
- At the edge of the cold expanse called
Araman, the Noldor encounter a dark figure
who calls to them with words of warning,
the "Prophecy of the North." As before,
great pain is predicted, and some hold that
Manwe himself is the doomsayer. Feanor
reacts with passion and sets sail eastward
across the �elegaer (S. "Great Sea"), leaving IS
the hosts of Fingolfin and Finarfin on the
rocky shores of northeastern Arnan. The
sorrowful Finarfin returns to Tirion (where
he is forgiven, and remains to rule the
Noldor' of Arnan). Fingolfin perseveres; his
people continue their journey to Middle­
earth.
- Morgoth builds his new kingdom in the
Ered Engriri (S. "Iron Mountains"). He
delves into the landscape beneath the peaks,
strengthening the subterranean complex of
Angband. From the slag and debris drawn
out or involved in the completion of
Or, Wamcw
Angband, he builds the mountain-fortress of
Thangorodrim, a terrible triad of uplifrs
- The Host of the Noldor move northward out of
which sits over the main gate to the Black .
Eldamar. Manwe's messenger cautions against the
Enemy's underground home. At least twelve
expedition, for the Valar predict doom. Nonethe­
lesser gates to Angband are cut into the
less, only a few Noldor remain in Tirion. Feanor's
southern side of Thangorodrim.
force departs first; Fingolfin follows with the greater
- The Noldor arrive in Middle-earth.
part of the people. Finarfin and his first son Finrod
bring up the rear, allowing Fingolfin to command THE YEARS OF THE SUN AND THE MOON
their contingent. Feanor wearies, however, and his This period is marked by two wars between Morgoth
hatred of Morgoth drives him to seek a quicker and the Free Peoples. Five major stages or "Battles" occur
route into Endor. He shuns the long journey across before the end of the long first war. The second conflict,
the northern straits of the Hecaraxe. the w:it of Wrath, is a continuation of the first contests
- Feanor diverts his forc� and marches to Alqualonde. and involves one Great Battle.
There he asks Olwe, King of the Teleri, to join him - First Battle: During the Flight of the Noldor,
and allow the whole of the Noldor to set sail on the Morgoth strikes into Beleriand in northwestern
White Ships. Olwe refuses, for he trusts the Valar Middle-earth. The Sinda kingdom of ThingoI repels
and has never listened to the crippling words of the Black Enemy's eastern armies with the aid of the
Morgoth. Feanor's Noldor artempt to seize the Nando Elves of Denethor (son of Lenwe) and the
ships by force, but are beaten back by the Teleri. Dwarves of the Blue Mountains. The western host
Fingolfin's host arrives in mid-battle and fall into of Morgoth besieges Cirdan's coastal Sindar.
the fray on behalf of their brethren. Not knowing
the reason for the' kin-slaying, the elite of Fingolfin's
army turns the tide. The Noldor head northward
along the coast of Arnan, some by land and others
by sea.
 - Men first encounter the "Dark Elves," an
Avar (Silvan) group found in the Far East.
Morgoth also learns of mankind's coming,
and he sets out to seduce them. Many of
the Men and Avari fall under the spell of
Dar�ess, fearing or worshiping the Black
Enemy.
- The Noldor settle throughout Beleriand
in the northwest of Middle-earth. The
Sindar under Thingol and Grdan still
maintain their own kingdoms along the
coast and at Doriath, respectively.
- About fifty years after the Noldor's
coming, Ulmo speaks to Finrod and
16 Turgon about the founding of hidden
kingdoms.
- Whil,e the Elves of Feanor sail eastward, and
Eif-lcra - Galadriel (S. "Lady of Light") sister of Finrod,
Fingolfin's folk make their way across the cold
remains in Doriath. There, she marries the Sinda
wastes of Araman and the Helcaraxe, the Valar seek
Celeborn. He is of Thingol's family.
to preserve what they can of the light of the Two
Trees. Aule places the last flower of Telperion in a - Third Battle (Dagor Aglareb, or the "Glorious
vessel, thus creating the Moon. Battle"): Flames pour forth from the gates of
Thangorodrim, and a three-pronged assault is
- The Valar place the Moon in the sky in order to
launched against the newly founded kingdoms in
guide the way of the noble Fingolfin and reduce
Beleriand. The Orcs are utterly defeated. The Elves
Morgoth's terrible darkness. The Moon first rises
place a watch on Angband and Thangorodrim.
during the night of Fingolfin's arrival in Middle­
earth. - Glaurung, the first evil Worrn and "Father of
Dragons," appears. Although still young and only
- After the Moon has risen seven times, a new "star"
half grown, he drives the Elves away from the
appears in the sky. It is the Sun, created out of the
vicinity of Thangorodrim and south across Ard­
la:'t fruit of Laurelin, and it ascends on the day
galen. His pursuit is stayed, and he returns home,
Fmgolfin enters Mithrim.
having reduced the pressure on Angband.
- Men (Q. "Atani;" S. "Edain") awaken at Hild6rien
- The Siege and Long Peace of nearly four centuries
in eastern Middle-earth. They are called the
enables the Elves to build their hidden kingdoms
Secondborn and begin spreading to the north,
(Gondolin and Nargothrond) and complete their
south, and west.
defensive plans.
- Second Battle (Dagor-nuin-Giliath, or "Battle under
- Men (of the Aravado families) appear from the
Stars"): Morgoth sends another host westward to
East. The Adan (pI. Edain) houses of Beor, Haladin,
meet the Noldo Elves marching through Mithrim.
and Marach - together with the "Swarthy Men" of
He desires to destroy them before they can establish
B6r and Ulfang - settle in Beleriand.
any hold in Endor. The Noldor defeat the main Orc
army, and turn on the reinforcing groups that - Fourth Battle (Dagor Bragollach, or the "Battle of
abandon the siege of Grdan's Sindar. Feanor's Sudden Flame"): An awesome outpouring of flames
Noldo army drives the Orcs across the plains of issues from Thangorodrim's gates and engulfs the
Ard-galen, and toward Thangorodrim. The Orcs plain of Ard-galen (which is renamed Anfauglith or
turn on their pursuers and, reinforced by a group of the "Gasping Dust"). The rivers of fire wipe out the
Balrogs, stop Feanor. They slay the High King. watch positions. Balrogs and Orcs, accompanied by
Feanor's sons turn the tide, but the battle proves the grown Glaurung, drive southward and over­
indecisive; still the Orcs retire and the Noldor are whelm much of Beleriand. Hithlum and the hidden
able to join their Sinda brethren in Beleriand. kingdoms escape assault, but large areas of eastern
Fingolfin becomes High King of the Noldor. Beleriand are razed. The Noldor's High King
Fingolfin rides to the gates of Thango rodrim and
challenges Morgoth to mortal combat. He wounds
the Black Enemy (who is by now tied to his body),
but is killed in the process.
-Beren, son of the lord of the first Adan house, falls -Elwing flees Doria,n with the Silmaril. Earendil, the
in love with Luthien Tinuviel, an Eldarin princess of Sea-lover, escapes from Gondolin. He later weds
Doriath (and the daughter of Thingo1 and Melian). Elwing at the Mouths of Sirion. She bears two sons:
Together they go to Thangorodrim on a quest for Elrond and Elros. As -lord of Arvemien by the sea
the Silmarilli. Luthien sings a song which, together and friend of Cfrdan the Shipwright, Earendil
with the weight of the Iron Crown, puts Morgoth commissions the consttuction of the fabulous ship
to sleep. Beren cuts a Silmaril from the crown. The Vingilot. He then embarks in search of his lost
two attempt escape with the,aid of Thorondor the parents (Tuor and Idril) and in hope of fmding
Eagle-lord, but Beren loses a hand (and the SiIrnaril) Valinor. When his coastal home is assaulted by
in a sttuggle with Carcharoth (the Demon-wolf). Elves seeking Elwing's Silmaril, Earendil is at sea.
Carcharoth swallows the Jewel and flees. Thingol His wife takes the Nauglamir and casts it and
accepts Beren as his daughter's suitor and the two herself into the sea; yet the Vala UIrno changes her
lovers wed. Carcharoth is later slain by Huan, the into a bird and aids her flight to Earendil's side.
Hound of Valinor, but not before the Wolf Mourning the loss of his kingdom and the capture
mortally wounds both his slayer and Beren. of his sons, Earendil takes the SiIrnaril and sets sail 17
Mablung cuts the SiIrnaril out of Carcharoth and for the Undying Lands. The Jewel insures his
returns it to the dying Beren Beren dies. Luthien passage is successful. Seeking aid against Morgoth,
surrenders her immottality and their spirits reunite. he breaks the Valar's ban. The Valar receive him,
The two live for a time again, dwelling at T01 but he is forced to face his doom. As both a Man
Galen. and a Noldo Elf, both he and his heirs are permitted
- While Beren and Luthien dwell on the Green Isle, a choice regarding their mottality. Earendil chooses
the SiIrnaril is taken by the Dwarves of Nogrod. an Elven fate but is weary of the world. So too is
The Naugrim set the Jewel into the Nauglamir, a Elwing, to whom he returns. They return to Aman.
necklace designed for Finrod son of Finarfin. The Earendil and the SiIrnaril of Ehving are placed in the
necklace changes hands frequently, but finally ends sky, to journey in a remade Vingilot as the brightest
up in Doriath, where the princess Elwing (daughter of the lesser stars. Elwing finds a home in a white
of Dior) possesses its beauty. tower by the Belegaer. She and her spouse unite
whenever Earendil passes close to Arda.
-Fifth Battle (Nirnaeth Arnoediad, or " Tears
Unnumbered"): The war continues with Maedhros, - War of Wrath (The Great Battle): Sympathy for
eldest son ofFeanor, taking charge of the Noldor. the pleas of Earendil prompt the Valar to assemble
Fingon leads a counter-offensive into western a great army and sail to Middle-earth. The Noldor
Anfauglith as part of a coordinated assault with of Aman, the Vanyar, and the ships of the Teleri
Maedhros' eastern army. He is reinforced by accompany the Host of Valinor. They land in
Turgon, the lord of the hidden kingdom of Beleriand and are joined by the mannish Edain. The
Gondolin. This western army is ttapped by Elves of Endor, however, do not come forward.
Morgoth's armies and awaits Maedhros' arrival. Earendil and a force of Great Eagles led by
Maedhros is delayed by spies and ttaitors, but Thorondor are also part of the Valar's army.
finally reaches the main battle; he is supported by Thangorodrim and Angband are attacked. Morgoth
Men and Dwarves. Unfortunately, the bettayal by sends forth an awesome army, but it is defeated.
the treacherous mannish house of Uldor results in Ancalagon the Black, greatest of all the Dragons,
the Elves' defeat. Uldor falls on their rear at the duels with Thorondor and is slain by Earendil; the
height of the fray, and Morgoth's armies overrun all Worm's fall levels Thangorodrim. Cataclysmic
of northern Beleriand except Gondolin. Turgon's forces shake the land and Morgoth is vanquished,
city remains a mystery to the Black Enemy. but much of northwestern Endor is tom from the
continent and perishes beneath the sea: Of all of
-Gondolin's secret location is betrayed. All but one
Beleriand, only two sections of Lindon remain.
of the passes into its hidden valley (that of
They comprise the remnants of the land west of the
TumIaden) are revealed to Morgoth. The city-the
Blue Mountains.
last realm founded by the Noldor in Beleriand-is
attacked and destroyed by a host of Orcs, Trolls,
Dragons, and BalrQgs. Gothmog (the Balrog-Iord)
dies, but the Elf-city perishes. The Noldo Doom
appears complete.
 - The other two Silmarilli end up in the waters and 1 - Elves found the Kingdom of Lindon in what is left
beneath the land of Arda. Feanor's sons Maedhros ofBeleriand (Forlindon and Harlindon). The Vanyar
and Maglor, bound by the Oath of their father, and majority of the Noldor return to Aman after the
refuse to return the recaptured Silmarilli to Aman. War of Wrath. The Sindar and those Noldor who
Each is overwhelmed by the power of the jewel remain swear allegiance to Gil-galad (S. "Star of
within his possession. Maglor casts his into the Sea, Radiance"), Lord of Lindon. They acknowledge him
while Maedhros is driven insane and throws himself as High King of the West. Cirdan the Shipwright
into a fiery chasm, bearing the Silmaril to his death. founds Sinda settlements at the Grey Havens on the
- Morgoth is cast into the Void until the end of time, Gulf of Lune (S. "Lhiln").
but many of his servants (e.g., Sauron) escape or are ca. 2-1 000 - Sinda migrations result in a great number
buried deep beneath the land. They remain in the of the Grey-elves moving to the East. Meanwhile, the
v�t caverns that lace the depths of Endor. Noldor discover mithril in the Misty Mountains at
Moria, in the earth beside the ancestral Dwarven hall
THE SECOND AGE of Khazad-dfun.
IS The Second Age is marked by two great periods, one ca. 3-40 - Dwarven migrations ftom the Blue Moun­
before, the other following, the Downfall" of NUmenor. tains swell the population ofKhazad-dfun. The nearby
The events listed before S.A. I occur at unascertainable Noldor of Eregion begin trading with the Dwarves.
points during the period just following Morgoth's defeat. Unlike the Sindar, the High Elves have little problem
For the Men ofMiddle-earth, the Second Age is a dark interacting with the Khazld.
time. The Edain prosper in the full light of knowledge, 32 - The Edain land on NUmenor, a great isle about
but their departure and the exodus of the Elves results in 300 leagues (900 miles) west of the Cape of Andrast.
a sorrowful decline in mannish technology. They become known as the NUmen6reans (S. "Men of
the West"), and found a kingdom under Elros, mortal
BEFORE THE DOWNFALL
son of Earendil and brother of the immortal Elrond.
The Vanyar and majority of the N�ldor return to
442 - Death of Elros Tar-Minyatur, first King of
Aman after the War of Wrath. Galadriel remains in
NUmenor.
Middle-earth with" her Sinda husband, Celeborn.
ca.
500 - Sauron resurfaces in Endor.
As thanks for their aid in the War ofWrath, the Valar
600 - NUmen6rean ships are first spotted offthe coast
give the Edain their own island in the Great Sea west of
of Middle-earth.
Endor. At the same time, a restriction against travel west
600- 1200 - NUmen6rean explorers sail along
to the coasts of Aman is placed on all of mankind; this is
the coasts of Middle-earth, and travel up a
the Ban of the Valar.
number of major rivers in the East and South.
Sinil4 Elves Their voyages touch nearly every shore. They
instruct Men in the ways of agriculture and
building.
750 - Following a s�gnificant influx of Elves
from Lindon, a Noldo kingdom is founded in
Eregionunder Celebrimbor (S. "Silver Hand").
ca. 800 - A large group of Sindar migrate out
of western Eriador and enter Eregion. They
are led by Oropher and his son Thranduil.
Relations between the Sindar and Dwarves of
Khazad-dfun are cool.
ca. 850 - Oropher's Sindar leave Eregion and
cross over the Misty Mountains. For a time,
they settle among their kinsmen in L6rinand
(those Sindar once called Nandor).
ca. 950 - Oropher's Sindar cross the Anduin
and move northward through Greenwood the
Great. They settle among the Silvan Elves of
Mirkwood. Oropher becomes King of the
Woodland Realm.
ca. 1000 - Sauron secretly occupies Mordor
and begins work on Barad-dur (S. "Tower­
dark").
1200 - The first Nmnen6rean havens are
established along the western coast ofEndor.
Sauron takes on a fair guise and, as the "Lord
of Gifts," attempts to win the favor of the
Eldar. Gil-galad mistrusts him, and refuses
to deal with the Evil One. � ;smiths of
Eregion, however, are seduced by his knowl­
edgeable ways and wondrous gifts.
1200-1 500 - Numen6rean fleets begin
building towers and havens all along the
southern, eastern, and southwestern flanks
of Middle-earth. Sauron instructs the Elven 19
smiths of Eregion in new ways of forging.
ca. 1350-75 - Sauron persuades the smiths
of Eregion to rebel against the restraint of
Galadriel. Celebrimbor, desirous of rivaling
the skills of Hanor and coveting Dwarven
craft lore, becomes "King" of Eregion.
ca. 1375 - Galadriel enters Khazad-dUm and
journeys through the Misty Mountains to
L6rinand. There she founds the Kingdom of
L6rien. Many Noldor follow her, but
Celeborn remains.
ca. 1500 - The Elven smiths of Eregion,
now at the height of their power, begin
making the Rings of Power. Sauron's clever
suggestions begin to take form. U1'c/x,1'otb
ca. 1500-80 - A number of greater and
lesser Rings of Power are forged. Sauron returns to 1 697 - Celel>rimbor is killed and Eregion falls. Sauron
Mordor. fails to secure the Three Rings, but still manages to
ca. 1590 - Celebrimbor completes the Three Rings of seize sixteen other Rings of Power. Elrond retreats
Power: Nenya, Narya, and Vilya. with the remaining Noldor, abandoning Eregion. The
ca. 1600 - Sauron secretly forges the One Ring in Dwarves shut the gates of Moria. Elrond founds
Orodruin (Mount Doom), placing a good deal of his Imladris (Rivendell) as a refuge. Celeborn goes to
own power into its making. When the Dark Lord slips L6rien with a number of Noldo refugees. There, he
the Ring on, Celebrimbor realizes the truth. The Elves fortifies the realm against Sauron.
avoid wearing their Rings of Power in order to escape 1 698 - Galadriel leaves L6rien and goes to Lindon to
enslavement. With the One Ring, Sauron completes join Gil-galad's efforts.
the fortress ofBarad-dfu. Its foundation is forever tied 1 699 - Sauron expands the war to all of Eriador, and
to the Ring's destiny. · his armies overrun the region. .
ca. 1601 - Sauron demands that the Elves hand over 1700 - A great fleet from Nmnenor lands at Lindon.
the Rings of Power. The Firstborn refus� his request. The Men and Elves defeat Sauron. Eriador is freed the
1693 - War between the Elves and Sauron begins. The next year.
Elves hide the Three Rings. Elven emissaries are sent 1701-1800 - Sauron maintains his guard against the
to Lindon, seeking aid against Sauron's Orc armies. West, but turns his attentions . eastward in hopes of
1695 - Sauron's host invades Eregion. Gil-galad of bringing more Men into his fold.
Lindon sends Elrond, the immortal Half-elven son of ca. 1780 - At a council in Imladris, Gil-galad passes
Earendil (brother of the deceased Half-elf Elros), to the mightiest Elven Ring, Vilya, to Elrond. Amroth,
aid Celebrimbor. the son of Galadriel and Celeborn, remains in L6rien
as master of that realm.
 ca. 1800 - The NUmen6reans begin to ex­
pand their footholds in Endor. They found
new colonies. Many havens become domin­
ions. The first settlers arrive in Gondor, dis­
placing the indigenous lowlanders.
ca. 1800-225 1 - An insidiousDarkness creeps
into Numenor. The NUmen6reans begin to
quarrel. Many believe the Undying Lands to
be the source of immortality and question the
Elven domination of so holy a place. DUnadan
jealousy results in a longing for life in Aman.
Many oppose the Ban of the Valar. Some
begin to see the Elves as enemies, while others
remain Faithful. During the reign of Tar­
20 Ciryatan (1869-2029), the NUmen6reans
begin to exact tribute from the people of
EndOl;.
ca. 2000 - The captured Rings of Power are
handed out to select lords among the Dwarves
and Men. , Seven are taken by the Khazad,
while nine pass into the hands of Men. The
Evil One discovers that the Dwarves are af­
fected differently than planned. Their pride
and greed are intensified, but no immortality
. is bestowed upon them, nor are they enslaved.
'The Dwarves refuse to serve him, so Sauron
swears vengeance on all their kirid.
225 1 - Outright rebellion against the Elves
and the Valar of Aman occurs in NUmenor as
NumtllOrean Tar-Atanarnir takes the throne of NUmenor.
who took a ca. 225 1 - The NazgUl first appear in Middle­
Ring oj Power earth. Three--Adunaphel, Akhorahil, and
Murazor-are Black NUmen6rean lords. 3255 - A weary and saddened Tar-Palantir dies, leav­
2280 - The haven of Umbar is strengthened and ing his daughter Miriel the throne. She becomes Tar­
expanded. A great fortress is built, and the port be­ Miriel. Unfortunately, she is forced into a marriage
comes the principal NUmen6rean base in Endor. Its with her cousin Pharazon. Her husband quickly de­
location is ideal, for it is a well protected harborage clares himself King, calling himself Ar-Pharazon (A.
astride the coastal land route. Umbar also guards the "the Golden").
junction-point of the main ocean currents between 3261 - Ar-Pharazon leads an army across the sea and
Numenor and Middle-earth. lands at Umbar with the intention of crushing Sauron.
2350 - Pelargir is built at the confluence of the Anduin 3262 - The display of NUmen6rean might convinces
and the Sirith. It quickly becomes the chief haven of the Sauron to surrender. Sauron is taken in chains to
Faithful in Endor. NUmenor.
2899 - Ar-Adttnakhor (A."Lord of the West") be­ 3262-3310 - S:iuron finds favor with the King and
comes King of NUmenor, takes an Adttnaic name, and corrupts the latter's kingdom. The NUmen6reans are
begins persecuting the Faithful. Public use of Elvish is convinced that the Ban of the Valar is a ploy to protect
outlawed. The next three Kings continue the policy in the Elven rights to the Undying Lands. They believe
varying degrees. that Aman will give any of its residents immortality.
3 175 - Tar-Palantir (Q. "Far-sighted") ascends the
throne of NUmenor, and attempts to stay his people's
rebellion against the Valar and the Elves.He supports
the views of the Faithful, but his younger brother
(Gimilkhad), his nephew (Pharazon), and the majority
party (the "King's Men") oppose him. Civil war
erupts.
3310-19 - Ar-PharazOn builds the Great Armament. 344 I - Barad-dl1r falls. Sauron is ovetthrown when
3319 - Led by their King. the N6men6rean fleet sets Isildur cuts the One Ring from the Dark Lord's hand,
sail westward for Aman, defying the Ban. The Valar lay but both Elendil and Gil-galad are slain in the melee.
down their active guardianship of Endor and call upon The Ringwraiths pass into the Shadows. Barad-dl1r is
Eru to cleanse the world. Upon setting foot on the razed, but the foundation cannot be destroyed while
shores, the greatest host in the history of mankind is the Ring exists. Isildur elects to keep the Ring.
swept backwards into a great chasm that opens up in
the sea between Arnan and NUmenor. N6menor itself THE THIRD AGE
is overcome by fire and waves, and only the tip of the Since this series concentrates on Endor in the Third
highest peak (the Meneltarma) remains dry. All but the Age, we document most of the events in the West in the
Faithful perish. Sauron's body is destroyed. Led by supplements covering specific areas of the region. A
Elendil and his sons Isildur and Anirion, a fleet of the proper summary can also be found in .LotR III, . ne Return
Faithful escape and set out toward Endor. Arnan is oj the King, Appendix B.
removed from the plane of Arda as the world is I - A watch is placed on Mordor.
changed; no longer can one sail directly to the Undying 1-500 - A series of migrations results in most of the 21
Lands and hope to reach a landfall. The immortal Eriadoran Northmen resettling in Rhovanion, east of
Elves reach Arnan with the consent of the Valar. the Anduin.
2- Isildur, now King of both Gondor and Arnor, is
AFTER THE DOWNFALL killed at the Gladden Fields while en route north along
3320 - Sauron returns to Mordor in a hideous form,
the Anduin. All three of his soris perish, and the One
for he can never again take fair shape. The Realms in
Ring ends up at the bottom of a riverside pool. The
Exile are founded: Arnor is established in northern
Realms in Exile are sundered and Gondor begins to
Eriador, where the ancient Edain once laid down their
pursue a separate course. For the next millennium,
lords in sacred ground, and the cool hills resemble the
Gondor expands rapidly.
highlands of N6menor. Gondor is constructed along
ca. 250-850 - Arnor is in general decline. The capital
the northern shores of the Bay ofBelfalas, and quickly
is gradually shifted from AnnUminas to Fornost Erain.
reaches up the lower Anduin valley. The seven Palantfri
490 - First Easterling invasion into Rhovanion.
(Seeing-stones) are placed in special towers scattered
748 - Gondor absorbs all the lands east ofthe Anduin,
across both Realms. Elendil elects to live in Arnor, but
north ofMordor, south ofthe Greenwood (Mirkwood),
the Master Stone is situated in Osgiliath, the capital of
and west of the Sea ofRhI1n. The Gondorians call the
Gondor.
area "Dor RhUnen."
ca. 3325-344 I - Most of the Dunlendings and other ca. 830 - Conflict begins between Gondor and the
related mannish groups migrate northward out of the
Black N6men6rean Kingdom of Harad.
foothills and vales of the White Mountains. Many
861 - Arnor is divided into three lesser kingdoms:
settle in Dunland, while others move into Eriador or
Arthedain, Cardolan, and Rhudaur.
locate along the northeastern flank ofthe Misty Moun­
ca.9 1 3 - First major Gondorian campaigns against
tains. The tower of Orthanc is built by the DUnedain
Harad.
as a stronghold and link between Arnor and Gondor.
933 - Gondor takes the Black N6men6rean port of
3429 - Sauron's rebuilt army swarms into Ithilien, Umbar, capital ofHarad. Soon thereafter, the lords of
sweeping the Gondorian army back over the Anduin.
Harad lay siege to the city.
Isildur escapes to Arnor, where he fmds aid. Anirion
ca. 1000 - Sauron stirs once again. The Valar send five
defends Gondor.
Maia Istari (Wizards) to Middle-earth in order to
3430 - Gil-galad and Elendil form the Last Alliance of
maintain the balance of things.
Elves and Men.
1015-1 149 - Gondor reaches the height of its power
343 I - The Alliance arrives in Rivendell, and prepares during the reign ofKing Ciryaher (aka "Hyarmendacil
for war.
I").
3434 - The Alliance crosses the Misty Mountains and
1050 - Gondor's armies crush the Haradrim.
passes over the Anduin. At Dagorlad (S. "Battle­
ca. 1050 - The NazgUl reappear. Sauron resurfaces
plain"), just north of the gates to Mordor, they defeat
and goes to Dol Guldur. The Greenwood gradually
the main field army of the Lord of the Rings. Sauron's
falls under the Shadow. It slowly becomes "Mirkwood."
forces retreat into Mordor. The pursuit lays siege to
ca. 1050-1300 - The three Hobbit tribes migrate
Barad-dl1r. The Elf-king Oropher dies in the initial
westward across the Misty Mountains to Eriador.
assault on the Dark Tower. His son Thranduil be­
ca. 1300 - The NazgUl are sighted once again. Their
comes King of Greenwood the Great.
leader, the Witch-icing. founds Angmar in the north­
3440 - Anmon is killed by a stone cast from the
ern Misty Mountains. He plots against Arnor's three
Barad-dur.
successor states.
 ca. 1 301-50 - Rhudaur falls under the Shadow. 1 980 - The Witch-king reenters Mordor and gathers
Dunlendings seize control and ally themselves with his fellow Ringwraiths. The Balrog of Moria. comes
Angmar. War erupts between Arthedain and Cardolan forth and kills Durin VI.
and their common enemies, Angmar and Rhudaur. 1981 - The Dwarves abandon Khazad-dfun.
ca. 1400 - TheStoor Hobbits recross the Misty Moun­ 1 999 - Refugees from Khazad-dfun found a settle­
tains and settle by the Gladden Fields. ment in Erebor (the Lonely Mountain).
1409 - Cardolan is overrun by the armies of Angmar. 2000 - The NazgUl besiege the Gondorian mountain
Rogrog slays Ostoher, the last Lord of Cardolan, city of Minas Ithil.
during the fighting on the Barrow Downs (S. 'Tyrn ca. 2000-2200 - Dwarves of Durin's Kindred begin
Gorthad"). Arthedain barely weathers the assault. settling in the southern part of the Grey Mountains.
1409-1636 - Cardolan ceases to exist as a political They avoid contact with the Dragons breeding in the
state. Withered Heath.
1432-47 - The Kin-strife in Gondor. Led by Castamir 2002 - The NazgUl take Minas Ithil and secure its
ofPelargir, the Sea-lords of the South seize control of Palantir (the lthil-stone). The place is renamed Minas
22 the kingdom. King Eldacar flees to Rhovanion. Morgul. Minas Anor is renamed Minas Tirith (S.
1447 - After a ten year exile, Eldacar returns to reclaim "Tower of Guard"),
the t, hrone of Gondor. His army of Northmen and 2050 - The Witch-king slays King Ear-nur ofGondor
Gondorian loyalists vanquish Castamir's rebellious outside Minas Morgul, ending the line of the Kings of
forces at the Crossings of Erui. The rebels flee by sea Gondor. Mardil, the first of the Ruling Stewards,
and seize Umbar, beginning the rule ofthe "Corsairs." begins ruling the South Kingdom. Orthanc is locked
1600 - Hobbits are allowed to settle a part ofArthedain; and the keys tak�n to Minas Tirith. A small hereditary
their fief is called the Shire. The next few decades see force is left to guard the tower.
a considerable influx of new settlers. 2063-2460 - Sauron is in the East. The Watchful
1 635-37 - The Great Plague, a collection of devastat­ Peace settles upon northwest Endor. Wolves from
ing diseases and pestilences, sweeps through Rhovanion, Forodwaith and the northern foothills of the Misty
Gondor, and Eriador. Calenardhon (the northern ter­ Mountains begin to plague Eriador.
ritories later called Rohan) is gradually abandoned ca. 2460-2510 - The Balchoth, another wave of
after this time. The tower of Orthanc (lsengard or Easterling invaders, assails Gondor and crosses the
Angrenost) remains guarded, but its use becomes Anduin at the Undeeps. Much of Gondor's northern
continually less frequent. territories are ravaged, but the Balchoth fail to crush
1 640 - The capital ofGondor is moved ftom Osgiliath the Dtilledain. The invaders are finally defeated at
on the Anduin to nearby Minas Anor. Osgiliath, Parth Celebrant when they meet a Gond?rian army
already depopulated by the Plague, continues to de­ supported (at a crucial moment) by the Eotheod of
cline slowly. Eorl. The Northmen ofthe Eotheod are given the land
1 8 1 0 - Gondor drives the Corsairs from Umbar. of Calenardhon, although Gondor retains control of
1 8 5 6-99 - An Easterling confederation, the the valley around Orthanc. The Horse-lords claim
Wainriders, enters Rhovanion and drives the armies of Calenardhon as the Riddermark. Others call the area
Gondor westward across the Anduin. Gondor aban­ "Rohan."
dons its eastern holdings. Northman refugees gather in 2463 - A Stoor Hobbit named Deagol finds One Ring
the Anduin Valley, north of the Gladden Fields. in the murky waters ofthe Gladden Fields. His cousin,
ca. 1 900-1975 - The Northmen ofthe Anduin Vales Smeagol (Gollum), murders him and takes the Ring.
become the Eotheod. 2475 - Orcs overrun Osgiliath. The population flees
1 9 74 - The armies of the Witch-king overrun westward. Although liberated, it remains a deserted
Arthedain. outpost until the end of the Third Age.
1975 - Arvedui, the last King of Arthedain drowns in 2590 - The Dragons of the Grey Mountains begin
the Ice Bay. Two ofthe Palantiri (those of Anntiminas stirring, and the Dwarves are driven out of the area.
and Amon SUI) are lost when his ship sinks. An army Some of the refugees return to Erebor, while others
composed of troops from Gondor and their Eriadoran head east to the Iron Hills.
allies defeats the Witch-king. Angmar falls. 2758 - A Dunlending army out of Dunland invades
1 977 - The Eotheod migrate northward �o the upper Rohan and overruns the lowlands. King Helm is driven
Anduin Valley. into Helm's Deep (Ostiras), and the citadel is besieged.
Meanwhile, Haradrim fleets from Umbar strike at
Gondor.
 2850 - Seeking Thriin, Gandalf the Grey
slips into Dol Guldur. The Wizard discovers
the true identity of the Necromancer.
2885-3019 - The Haradrim ofUmbar and
Harad proper launch a continuing series of
attacks on Gondor's coasts.
2901 - Gondorian citizens begin to aban­
don Ithilien and move westward across the
Anduin.
2 9 1 1-29 1 2 - The Fell Winter strikes
Eriador and Rhovanion. The White Wolves
appear in force. Waters from the melting
�ows flood the lowlands. Tharbad, the last
--4-
-remnant of old Cardolan, is finally aban-
doned. Trade between Eriador and Rohan/ 23
Gondor, already sporadic, all but disappears.
2939 - Saruman discovers thatthe One Ring
lies near the Gladden Fields and that Sauron
has begun searching that area. The White
Wizard guards the knowledge.
2941 - The White Council (composed of
the Wizards, Elrond, Grdan, Galadriel, and
the other lords of the Eldar) drives Sauron
from Dol Guldur. Bilbo the Hobbit acquires
the One Ring from Gollum. Smaug is killed
while attacking Esgaroth. Dwarves reoccupy
Erebor and, with the aid of the Great Eagles
DulllmJillg Animist
and Thranduil's Elves, defeat a major army
of Orcs and Wargs at the Battle of Five
2758-59 - The Long Winter. There is Armies.
terrible suffering throughout Eriador, 2944 - The Northmen complete the rebuilding of
Rohan, and certain parts of Rhovanion. Dale.
2759 - Helm, last ofthe first line ofKings 295 1 - Sauron, now in Mordor, makes himselfknown
of the Mark, dies. A second line of Kings begins. The . and declares his intentions. Dol Guldur is reoccupied
Dunlendings are driven out of Rohan. S;u:uman the by the NazgUl, and the Dark Lord begins to rebuild
White is given access to Orthanc. The Wizard contin­ Barad-dCtr.
ues his gradual study of, and immersion in, the ways of 2953 - The White Council meets for the last time.
Darkness. Saruman lies about the location of the Ring. Orthanc
2770 - Smaug the Golden, a great winged Dragon, is strengthened and refortified.
flies southward out of the Withered Heath. He de­ Ithilien is completely abandoned. The Orodruin
2954 ,.-
stroys Dale and devastates the surrounding area, driv­ (Mount Doom) erupts into flame once again.
ing the Dwarves out of Erebor. The Naugrim flee to 3000 - Saruman uses the Orthanc-stone (a Palantir)
the Iron Hills. The Men of Dale take refuge to the for the first time. Using the Ithil-stone, Sauron takes a
south, at Esgaroth (Lake-town) upon the Long Lake hold of the White Wizard's mind.
(Annen). 3018-3019 The War of the Ring. Saruman passes
-

2793-99 - The Great War Between the Dwarves and from Endor. Sauron is cast out. The One Ring is
Orcs takes place along the eastern flank of the Misty destroyed. All that is, or who are, tied to it are
Mountains. destroyed or rendered powerless.
2845 - King Thriin IT, King of Durin's Folk, is cap­ 3021 The Third Age ends. After mid-year the Fourth
-

tured by Sauron and imprisoned in Dol Guldur. The Age begins.

last ofthe Seven Rings of the Dwarves is lost with him.
 6.2 A HISTORY OF THE WILD With Morgoth's fall, the sole tie binding his minions
LANDS dissolves. The wild kindreds go separate ways, sti!! war­
ring. Some ofthe larger groups form tribal confederations
The black names found on the color campaign map
and secure considerable territory. Since most begin in the
represent the "wild peoples" and their associated territo­
older areas of the Farthest East, their expansions or
ries during the Third Age ofMiddle-earth. These cultures
embrace v arY ing amounts of civilization. Some, like the migrations push their neighbors westward.
Womaw, are certainly more sophisticated than the less This process of channeling the weak toward the West or
noble Men who live in the more defined areas of north­ Southwest is also . a result of the existence of better
organized societies along Endor's eastern coasts. When
western Endor, so blanket generalizations are difficult
they are strong, these civilizations resist the invasions of
and should be carefully considered.
nomadic peoples much more effectively than the thinly­
THE WILD LANDS BEFORE T.A. I spread tribes of the interior.
During the early days of the First Age.-Endo.r's history The rise of Sauron results in the intrusion of another
is marked by migrations of Peoples out of the East, for unifYing force. Once again a great power is able to gather
24 that is where Elves and Men first appear. The Avar varying groups together. Some are incorporated into the
(Silvan) Elves of northeastern Middle-earth leave armies of Mordor, but most simply worship the Dark
Cuivienen and filter down along the coasts. They journey Lord in their own peculiar fashion, serving his wishes and
through the wild forests of the interior, spreading their paying tribute.
culture and gifts. Men awaken in Hild6rien, multiply THE SPREAD OF PEOPLES
quickly, and occupy vast areas in a relatively short time. The peoples of Endor are a many and varied folk. With
About four hundred years after the awakening of the the passage of time, some are exterminated or assimilated.
Secondborn in Hild6rien, the first kindreds of (Lintado) Their departure, though, is (at least during the early years)
Men reach the northwestern coast of the continent. more than offset by the generation of new kindreds and
There, they encounter the Eldar. The Aravado kindreds sub-groups. This spread of new tribes and races occurs as
occupy southern Middle-earth at a much later date. some folk leave their brethren and seek new lands, or when
Barriers like the Ered Harmal, the deserts of Harad, and the development and expansion of a culture allows for the
the Bay ofOrmal delay their passage. Many centuries after birth of distinct sub-cultures. New lands and new envi­
the Edain meet the Eldar, the Aravador finally struggle ronments naturally invite different approaches and norms.
across the Yellow Mountains (S. "Ered Laranor") of the The history of Men is thoroughly intertwined with this
. South and complete their occupation of the continent. process, and the populations of Men exceed those of the
Throughout this period, the history of both Men and other peoples by the later years of the First Age. The
Elves is marked by two principal factors: the continual spread of Elves is noticeable and significant, but tails off
presence of Morgoth and his servants, and the rise of a rapidly with the passage of time.
wide variety of sub-groups, kindreds, tribes, and races. By The Second Age is a period of cultural decline among
the middle of the Second Age, Sauron replaces Morgoth the Men of northwestern Endor (i.e., the Lintador). This
as the main secondary power in Endor. A third influence is largely due to the of virtually all of the Adan folk. The
becomes prominent, as the captains of NUmenor bring most learned and sophisticated ofMen, the Edain remove
their culture and power to the shores of Endor. much of the Hildor's talent to NUmenor.
THE INFLUENCE OF DARKNESS The eastern and southern Hildor, the Aravador, notice
Morgoth's Darkness takes hold ofmany Aravador (and no such relative decline. After all, they were never given the
Avari) during the early days of Endor. His armies are gifts oftheir Adan brothers. Their knowledge was derived
supported by Men who worship a multitude of manifes­ without Elda tutors. During the Second Age they expand
tations of ignorance, hatred, and fear. He breeds Orcs or migrate, and begin learning new ways in their new
using corrupt or perverted Elves, most ofwhom are Avari. homes. The higher population concentrations in the East
(The Eldar for the most part escape this terror, and pressure many Aravado peoples to move west or south,
generally hold that Orcs are derived from Men.) The although this factor becomes less significant as the whole
majority of Morgoth's minions migrate northward to continent is settled. Eventually, the worth ofthe land, not
participate in the wars against the Eldar and Free Peoples. its geographic proximity, dictates the number of inhabit­
Others remain roaming in their homelands or along their ants. Some ofthe Men and Elves ofnorthwestern Middle­
nomadic courses, respecting power and little else, embark­ earth even move eastward.
ing upon campaigns ofconquest. They rely on force rather
than diplomacy, a strategy that results in infrequent and
fleeting alliances and continuous infighting.
 Those Men who are lucky enough to encounter
the Silvan Elves are heavily influenced by the
knowledge and more enlightened culture of the
immortal Firstborn. Others build civilizations
with the aid of the NUmen6reans, who establish
nearby havens after S.A. 1200. The result is a
much wider variety of culture for both Men and
Elves.
Another faction appears on this stage during
the three centuries preceding S.A. 225 I. The
Dark Lord ofMordor becomes directly involved
with the NUmen6rean politics. Sauron's desire for
complete dominion of the world, his respect for
DUnadan prowess, and his fear of the Kings ef
NUmenor, lead him to approach carefully chosen 25
Nu.men6rean lords with an offering of the Rings
of Power. Naturally, the more isolated colonial
lords prove fine targets for his plan. Three "Black
Nu.men6reans" take Rings and, together with six
other fallen monarchs, become Nazgtll. Already
independent and powerfUl, the NUmen6rean lords
seek their own avenues of power and continue to
carve out their own empires. Unlike the other
greedy or disgruntled masters ofNUmenor's colo­
nies, they become ensnared in a web of terror far
greater than that posed by an avenging fleet from
the homeland.
The era S.A. 2250-33 I 9 is marked by a series
of revolts and covert separations involving
DU7IIIIi471 Luly
NUmenor and her Endorian possessions. Most
colonies remain in tow, but others become states unto By the middle of the thirteenth century S.A., the
themselves. They take on the character of true nations, NUmen6rean presence becomes much more flXed. Perma­
cultivating their own unique racial and ethnic identities. nent "havens" are established around key harbors, en­
Independence hastens this process. With the Downfall of abling the Men from the Western Isle to refit and
NUmenor, all the old colonies are left to forge their own resupply their great ships. The NUmen6reans ship raw
futures. Most survive and, by the end of the Second Age, materials home and bring finished goods back to Middle­
a varied collection of "successor states" hold sway in a earth. They create a trading empire. In certain areas, a
number ofcoastal and riverine locales throughout Middle­ gradual blending of the local and DUnadan cultures
earth's wild lands. becomes evident during the following six centuries. How­
ever, the transient nature of the havens' occupants pre­
NUMEN6REAN FOOTHOlDS IN THE Wnn LANDs
serves the independent character of most of the villages,
After S.A. 600, the NUmen6reans embark on a series of
citadels, and way-stations.
exploratory voyages to Middle-earth. Since their sailing
Around S.A. 1800, changes in the domestic policy in
and ship-building skills reach the highest level mankind
NUmenor provoke an ambitious shift in artitudes toward
has ever known, they have little trouble sailing around the
the peoples in Endor. The havens become the focal points
continent. They discover and exploit nearly every major
of colonization in Middle-earth, and NUmen6rean set­
anchorage and navigable trade route. During the next six
tlers begin securing lands near the old refuges. In time,
centuries, they penetrate Endor's interior by traveling up
military expeditions subdue hostile neighbors and con­
rivers and inland waterways. There they encounter a
quer modest areas, new fiefs for their increasingly self­
variety of Elves and Men. For the peoples ofthese lands,
centered Kings. The Men of Westernesse exact tribute
these initial contacts are exceedingly valuable: NUmen6rean
with greater vigor during each successive reign.
agricultural and building techniques are imparted, and the
new knowledge becomes the core of a number of budding
civilizations. After all, aside from the Eldar, the Men of
NUmenor are the most learned inhabitants east of Aman.
 The invaders' culture prevails wherever they settle. In Two other great Maia lords also enter the �ild lands
time, though, indigenous ways permeate the DUnadan after T.A. 1000. The two "Blue" Wizards, Alatar and
colonies, making each ever more distinctive. Local politics Pallando, arrive with the general purpose of maintaining
sometimes mirror the trouble at home, with the Faithful the balance of things. For a time, Saruman accompanies
remaining true to the Eldar and the growing majority them, for the White Wizard is the lord of the Order.
questioning �e Ban of the Valar. Other problems also Soon, however, Saruman returns to the West, leaving his
come to the fore. The lords of the colonies begin to companions to pursue their own courses.
wrestle with their own concerns more frequently. Detest­
MIGRATIONS
able taxation, coupled with increased cultural blending,
Below is a list of the primary forces which act to create
begins to spur thoughts of independence. Nillnenor's
the migrations and related conflicts during the Third Age.
selfish, aggressive policies provide poor examples for their
Most of the wars and shifts result in chain reactions that
own representatives in Endor. By the end of the twentieth
affect areas far from the point of initial change. This will
century S.A., some of these colonies begin to expand on
aid the GM to construct the relevant forces shaping the
their own, embarking on separate courses. Open revolts
grander scheme of population movement.
26 are few, for Nillnenor's arms are too great, but some bold,
(I) Secondary Powers: Sauron and his servants, the
remote lords pay little heed to their King. This trend is
surviving minions of Morgoth, and the Istari all
accelerated as politics become more rabid and the admin­
have the capability of directly or indirectly affecting
istration ofNillnen6rean holdings is gripped by growing
the politics and goals of peoples, thereby causing
disorganization. Coveting power, these lords strive to­
conflicts or movements. Their tools are as many as
ward independence.
the imagination can muster.
THE WILD LANDS AFTER T.A. I (2) Territorial Need: As populations swell, they can
After T.A. I , the continent settles into a thousand year no longer feed themselves. They seek new land.
long period of relative respite. Sauron is gone, and his Some migrate after exhausting the resources of the
influences wane. Wars and migrations continue, and some locality they control. Famine is an ideal reason to
old coalitions and disputes directly or indirectly tied to pick up and head elsewhere, especially where a
the Dark Lord still make themselves known; but overall, society is already somewhat mobile.
this is an era during which the peoples of the wild lands (3) Plague: Disease and pestilence constantly exist in
tum toward themselves. an active or dormant state, and most kindreds
Nillnen6rean influence, once great in the areas where develop immunities or resistance to those ills they
havens, and later, fortresses, colonies, and successor states frequently face. The diseases, however, adapt to new
were established, also declines during the first millennium conditions so that they can perpetuate themselves.
of the Third Age. A blending of cultures characterizes As new peoples are first exposed to these diseases,
much of this period's history, particularly along the they often fall victim to their lack pf internal
coasts. Black Numen6rean strongholds continue to exer­ defenses, and a plague begins to move through their
cise their power, but most become entirely absorbed into population. This can set off a series of plagues
the surrounding populations. The lords of DUnadan which beset a number of kindreds. Each illness
descent, most racially mixed by T.A. 1, lose their distinc­ weakens its host and makes him susceptible to
tive racial character with alarming speed. In the area of further disease. When a new group enters an area
"
Hirad, the masters ofUmbar and its associated states take particularly when the region differs significantly
on the dark skin oftheir subjects and begin to look, as well from their homeland climate, they are receptive to
as act, like indigenous Kings. Generally, no awesome the local diseases. Warmer areas hold the greatest
external powers remain to create great conflict. danger, since most organisms find them more
Unfortunately, this placid era ends with Sauron's reap­ comfortable.
pearance. After T.A. 1050, the servants of Darkness stir (4) Cultural Drive: Some societies are considered
again with renewed strength, spreading fear and igno­ warlike. This is often a circumstantial case, but in
rance. Whole nations fall under the spell of the Evil One. many other situations it is due to the nation's
With Sauron's departure from his base at Dol Guldur in cultural experience. Where a society has few conflict
T.A. 2063, this trend accelerates. For nearly four hundred solving mechanisms, violence is often the norm. In
years (until T.A. 2460), the Dark Lord is in the East addition, nomadic and semi-nomadic groups need
directing his conquests (albeit with a modest profile). large areas with which to perpetuate their ways.
After satisfYing his needs, he returns to the West, but not They invariably come into contact with disagreeable
before driving whole populations into the civilized terri­ situations and potential enemies much more
tories ofhis enemies. The arrival ofthe Easterling confed­ frequently than more settled folk. With the passing
eration known as the "Balchoth" in Rhovanion about of time, these nations become capable of waging war
T.A. 2460 is no coincidence. effectively and often continually. They pose great
dangers for others and often set into motion a series
of migrations, as they seek to solve their problems
by crushing their neighbors.
 There are two groups of Quendi: the Eldar and the
7.0 ENDOR'S Avari. The Avari are 'often called Silvan Elves. Their
INHABITANTS kindreds are too numerous to assess individually. There
Traditionally, the inhabitants ofMiddle-earth are clas­ are three most distinct divisions among the Eldar.
sified as either "Free Peoples" or "Servants of Darkness." THE EwAR
The latter group comprises the evil races, or minions of The three Elda kindreds include the Vanyar, Noldor,
the Shadow. and Teleri. These groups are synonymous with the
followers of Ingwe, Finwe, and Elwe (respectively).
7. 1 THE FREE PEOPLES Vanyar: The "Fair Elves" are the highest and most
This section includes a listing of the various Free lordly of the the Elda kindreds. They migrated soon
Peoples. Aside from the more familiar groups, it details after the coming of the Valar to Valinor (The
the multitudinous folk who often, or usually, live in - Undying Lands) and still dwell in Aman. They have
ignorance. These groups are more properly bound to their golden blond hair, blue eyes, and fair skin, project­
own beliefs and culture. Some follow the word ofSauron ing a visible aura at all times. They are, as a rule, 27
because of fear or recent politico-religious changes, but musically talented and given to wearing garments of
they are by no means evil. A GM should be reluctant to white, silver and gold. _

consider them "Servants of Darkness."

Noldor: The High Elves, or Noldor, - are more sturdy
of build (yet still more slender than humans) and
ELVES (QUENDI) darker than their Vanya cousins. Their complexions
Though basically similar to Mortal Men in most ways,
are fair, but some look as if they are "lightly
Elves have several important, if subtle differences. They
tanned." Noldo hair is black or dark brown, with
are taller and slighter than most Secondbom, with males
few exceptions. Their eyes can be of any color,
averaging between 6 feet and 6'I 0" in height yet weighing
although brown or hazel predominates.
but 1 50-230 pounds. Female Elves range from 5'6" to
High Elves are (perhaps overly) proud builders
6'2" , and are also slim. Elven males have no facial hair and,
and craftsmen. Of the three Elda branches, they are
as a rule, have less body hair than Men. Highly resistant
the most skilled in fine metalwork: weapons, armor
to extremes of natural heat and cold, their clothing is
and beautiful jewelry. Their jewel-craft is also
usually for decoration, camouflage, or modesty. Gener­
unsurpassed. Noldor are also the most likely to live
ally, Elves are fairer in appearance than their mortal­
in cities, building graceful, marble-walled towns for
brothers, having finer features and unmarred skin. Their
themselves. They are also the most curious­
senses are extremely keen, especially their hearing and
possessed with a desire to learn all about their
sight. They are able to see on a clear, star-or-moonlit
surroundings at any cost. This instinctive passion
night, as ifin full daylight. Their vision is correspondingly
has more than once caused a Noldo to fall from the
restticted with less light, down to but a few feet in what
a man would call "pitch black." - path of light.
Most importantly, Elves do not grow old. They are Teleri: The third and least noble of the Eldar, the
immortal, and their bodies are immune to all bacterial and Teleri are also the most numerous. This kindred
viral infections. Save a violent or voluntary death, they live includes many sub-groups, the most famous of
forever. Of those that do die, most will themselves away, which is the Sinda (or "Grey") Elves.
wearying of a life without obvious purpose or temporal The Teleri actually a began the great migration
incentive. Elves suffer wounds but heal quickly (although with their brethren, but many Teler tribes bro�e
they do not regenerate limbs). They show no scars and age away as they journeyed through northwestern
gracefully until maturity. Endor. After entering Beleriand, the largest grouping
Elves do not need sleep. Instead, they receive rest of their host, the Sindar, refused to pass over the sea
through meditation involving memories, past events they and into Valinor. They remained in Middle-earth,
recall with remarkable vividness. Normally they go into living in Doriath under King Thingol. At the end of
this ttance-like state for approximately two hours each the First Age, many of the Sindar sailed west or
day, although they can function for many days with little dwelled in Lindon or L6rien, under the rule of
or no relief. While in their meditative state, Elves are Noldo leaders.
exttemely difficult to awaken; they rise at a point previ­
ously decided.
 Physically, Grey Elves greatly resemble
the Silvan Elves, although they tend to be
more muscular. Most Sindar have pale blue
or grey eyes. As their name suggests, they
also prefer clothing of an neutral grey color.
Such garb has amazing camouflaging powers,
particularly under the moonlight.

THE AvARI
The Avari include all of the Quendi who
refused to make the Great Journey. They are
numerous, varied, and spreadthroughoutMiddle­
earth. Some, like those of Mirkwood, even live
among the Eldar. Their sea-longing is less than
that ofthe Eldar, for they have never seen the light
28
of Aman. (Even the Sindar have "tasted" this
light.) Instead ofbeing associated with the s�a, the
Avari possess an affinity for the wilds-especially
the forests--of Endor. In the West, they are
commonly referred to as Silvan Elves, or "Wood­
elves."
Avari are more numerous and "rustic" than
their brethren. They tend to be ruddy of complex­
ion, with sandy hair and blue or green eyes. Not as
tall as the other Quendi, they are still quite light of
bu�d. Silvan Elves are very adept at moving
silently, especially in the forest. They are also
musically talented, although not as much so as the
Fair Elves.
Avar groups prefer wearing forest green, grey,
An Ent
or brown . garb. Their clothes are much more
functional in design than the draped robes "and
The Naugrim have superior sight underground and in
tunics of the Fair Elves. 1hese trappings are uniformly
places of near total darkness. Their crafts are superb, and
well-made and subtly ad0rned.
they are unsurpassed workers ofstone. Like Orcs, they are
DWARVES (KHAZAD) masters of metalwork, although Dwarven works embody
The Dwarves, or "Naugrim," are descendants of the a sense of beauty as well as strength and utility. No race
Seven Fathers of the Khazad, who were created by the mines as well as Dwarves.
Vala Aule (The Smith) out of stone. Their seven lineages Relatively unfertile and slow to marry or reproduce
, or houses settled in separate areas, but always in or by the (females constitute less than a third oftheir kind), Dwarves
mountains. All Dwarves consider mountains sacred. They rarely sire young. They know of magic and certain en­
also worship Aule, whom they call "Mahal." chantments, but generally scoff at the ways of conjurers or
Dwarves are rather short, stocky, and have a ruddy the use of spells, preferring instead to use such power in
complexion. Males average about 4 to 5 feet in height. the making of physical items.
They have deep-set eyes, dark hair, and beards (which they Dwarves speak Khuzdul, a guarded tongue known by
grow long and often decorate or braid). Resistant to virtually no one but themselves. They inscribe using the
diseases and extremely strong, they live an average ofI 50- Angerthas Moria, a variant of the Cirth (a runic script).
250 years. Some reach the age of 400. Khuzdul is marked by harsh consonants and uses three­
consonant patterns to denote common concepts. For
example, ".KZD" structures refer to the Dwarves or things
essentialto the Dwarven identity (e.g., Khazad-Dwarves,
Khuzdul - Dwarvish).
 The most famous line is that of Durin the Deathless, There are three princ:ipalvarieties, or tribes, ofHobbits:
the oldest and most revered of the Seven Houses. Identi­ the Harfoots, Stoors, and Fallohides. The tall, slim, fair
fied by their unusually long, forked beards (which are Fallohides are the least numerous and most adventurous
often braided and worn tucked into their belts), the Halflings. They are also the closest to Elves and Men.
Dwarves of Durin's Folk are often called "Longbeards." The smaller, browner Harfoots are the most common
They favor colorfUl, hooded clothing and hand weapons. Hobbits. They are the closest to Dwarves, for both races
Although many are proficient with standard bows, they enjoy rugged highlands and hills. The Stoors fall some­
generally employ crossbows when a need. for missile where in between in size and numbers. It is this tribe that
weapons arises. Dwarves like mechanical devices. The returned to Wilderland during the 1 5th century T.A.,
ancestral home ofDurin's Folk is at Khazad-dfun ("Moria" settling by the Gladden Fields (near the Anduin's west
or "Hadhodrond" among the Elves). bank).
ENTS (ONODRIM) MEN (HILDOR)
Though the oldest of all the speaking peoples, the Men, or "Hildor," are also known as the Secondborn.
Onodrim ("Enyd") were dormant until the coming of.the They are a mortal race comprised of countless groups. 29
Elves. The Quendi taught the Ents to speak, and inspired Culturally, they quickly sundered into the Lintado and
them to become mobile. the Aravado kindreds. Familiar only with the Lintador of
The shepherds ofthe forests, Ents resemble trees. Their the West, the Eldar classify them according to different
sub-groups resemble specific tree species. They display criteria. The distinguish "High Men" (i.e., Elf-friends)
astounding variation in both size and character. Ents are from the more rustic "Common Men."
exceedingly wise, although not very quick of thought. The High Men, or "Edain" (sing. "Adan"), tend to be
Accordingly, they are slow to take any rash action. even taller than Elves. Males usually range from 6'-7' in
Ents are basically gentle by nature, but when angered height. They are also heavier-boned and physically stron­
they can be tremendously fearsome. Even as the roots of ger, albeit less nimble, than the Firstborn. Their hair is
trees can crack huge rocks, so can the Ents-in a matter dark-brown or coal-black, and their eyes blue, grey, or
of seconds. Onodrim are also exceptionally tough. They black. DUnedain tend to be fair-skinned and are almost
almost impossible to kill, except by intense fire. always clean-shaven.
A dwindling race, Ents have a tendency to revert to their Common Men are shorter. Males average 5' 6" to 6'4",
dormant, "treelike" form. They do not reproduce, for the ­ females 5' - 5'10". As a rule, they are stockier than the
males and females became sundered long ago. The disap­ DUnedain. Their hair and eyes run the spectrum ofnormal
pearance of the Ent-wives-who, over a span of many shades (although the coal black hair like that ofthe High
years, have virtually vanished from the pages of history­ Men is rare)' They are less lordly in appearance than the
threatens the survival of this very special species. High Men, and males often wear beards or mustaches.
The Huorns, or tree-spirits, are guarded by, and closely The Adan lifespan is long, up to 250-300 years in those
related to, the Ents. These wild creatures are Ents who of pure descent. They are great warriors and builders of
never stirred or who lost track of their cultural heritage empires, for their initiative matches their physical stature.
(due to weariness, forgetfulness, or simple bitterness). It Nonetheless, the majority of the Endorian Edain have
is possible, over time, for an Ent to become a Huorn, and gradually lost their identity. By the Third Age, the only
. vice versa. Adan group of any consequence is the DUnedain, or
"Edain of the West."
HOBBITS (KUDUK)
Smallest of the speaking people, Hobbits average be­ DUNEoAlN
tween 2 and 4 feet in height, and tend to be pudgy or even The term DUnedain refers to the NUmenoreans and
fat. They have large, very hairy feet (to the point of being their descendants in Middle-earth, groups which pos- .
"furry"), which are almost immune to cold; and so they go sessed considerable physical and mental strength, longev­
about almost always barefoot. They are an inoffensive ity, and a rich culture based in great part on Elven ways.
people, preferring the quiet of their own villages. Lovers Like other Edain, they possess a relatively advanced
ofgood food and drink, they spend much oftheir time at culture and traces of Elvish blood.
inns and friend's houses, eating.
Able to move very quietly, Hobbits possess a high level
of manual dexterity. The Kuduk also enjoy an amazing
constitution. They can resist even the most powerfUl
magical and physical damage for extended periods.
 If you recall, the DUnedain (Sing. "DUnadan") origi­ Dunlendings are m04erately tall and dark and relatively
nally settled on the island continent ofNUmenor (Andor), "primitive." Swarthy Men, they adorn themselves in
far to the west of Middle-earth. They conquered and/or colorful woolen clothes and jewelry and color their hair.
colonized many areas along the western, southern; and Many bear tatoos. They are superb "mountain men" and
eastern coasts of Endor during the Second Age, and were accomplished masons and stone-carvers.
great lords among other Men. Unfortunately, their grow­
DRUEDAIN (WOSES)
ing lust for power ( among some) led to the destruction of
W oses call themselves "Drughu." Elves call them
their home island in the middle of the Second Age; This
"Druedain," which means "Wild Men." Also called
"Downfall" occurred as a result of their invasion of the
"DrUgs" or "Wild Men of the Wood," they are masters
Undying Lands and challenge to the Valar.
of woodcraft. This ancient mannish race occupies the
Those called the "Faithful" opposed the policies and
Druadan Forest of An6rien and wild areas of Andrast in
hatred of Elves which led to the Downfall. Thus, they
the Third Age. Their original territories were quite exten­
were saved when NUmenor sank beneath the Sundering
sive, but they are rather unique and do not assimilate or
Sea. The Faithful escaped the cataclysm and later founded
cohabitate well with other Men. They are the enemies of
30 the Kingdoms in Exile: Arnor and Gondor. Many "Un­
both Dunlendings and the Northmen (Rohirrim may
faithful" groups also survived, mostly in the various
have hunted them for sport).
Dumldan colonies elsewhere in Middle-earth.
Short, stocky, fairly fair, and lacking much body hair,
The "Black NUmen6reans" of Umbar are the most
the Woses are entirely alien to both Northmen and
famous of these peoples. The label "Black NUmen6rean"
DUnedain. They speak a language which is an offshoot of
refers to their political and social views, not their appear­
the "southern coastal tongues" of northwestern Middle­
ance, although they later became assimilated into the
earth. It is related to the Dunaeltongue ofthe Dunlendings.
dark-skinned populations in certain areas, notably Harad.
The Woses employ certain powers of enchantment,
DUNLENDINGS unique forms of magic borne out faith in nature and their
Also called "Hillmen" or "Dunmen," the Dunlendings own strong ancestral.spirits Drugs guard their sacred
or�ginally occupied the hills and vales in and around the places with bizarre carved images of themselves. These
White Mountains (Ered Nimrais). Dunlending groups PUkel-sculptures possess "powers associated with life,"
moved northward during the Second Age, settling along such as sight and mobility.
the western flank of the Misty Mountains and in certain
EASTERLINGS
areas ofEriador ( e.g., around Bree). Their principal home
A generalized term, the label "Easterlings" commonly
is in Dunland (Du. "Dunfearan"), in the eastern part of
refers to all the races ofMen occupying the area east ofthe
Eriador, where the southwestern foothills ofthe Hithaeglir
western shores of the Sea of Rhful and northeast of the
overlook the Gap of Rohan. There, their ways remain
Ered Harmal. This encompasses a tremendous variety of
fully preserved. Elsewhere, most Dunlendings adopted
cultures and peoples. The GM should note that the term
the manners of the lands in which they settled.
is one ofconvenience. It is couched in the viewpoint ofone
Dunlending culture is derived from that of their fore­
from northwestern Middle-earth. The term essentially
fathers, who (like many Dunmen) called themselves the
corresponds to any group of Men "whose ways are alien
Daen Lintis. (The Undead ofDunharrow were remnants
and whose lands are essentially unknown."
of one of the ancient Daen armies.) Dunnish places of
worship indicate a superstitious rather than religious folk. HARADRIM
Nonetheless, they are quite civilized. Skilled in the use of Haradrim, Haradwaith (which also refers to their
stone and capable of erecting monumental earthworks, territory), and Southrons are synonymous terms.
they live in well-protected, highland communities. There, "Haradrim" means "Southmen" in Sindarin. This is a
they produce a variety of crafts. Nearly all of their collective grouping of Men who make their homes in and
intellectual traditions, however, are oral. around the Great Desert of Harad. Residents of north­
Dunlendings produce fierce warriors and frequently western Endor, however, also call Men beyond the Yellow
war on their neighbors, as well as one another. While their Mountains (even further south) by the same label.
military organization is poor, they offer quite a threat to The Haradrim tend to be slender and very dark, and
their enemies, particularly the Druedain (Woses) and the often ascribe to the nomadic ways associated with their
Northmen (including Rohirrim). semi-arid homeland. They are excellent riders. Haradan
cultures vary too much to describe in this short volume,
but most tribes share certain physical characteristics and
speak a tongue related to one of two language groups.
 NUmen6rean colonization in western Harad (e.g., The Variags are thE: dominant group in their region.
Umbar) created a fusion of DUnadan and Haradan cul­ They are exceedingly mercenary, often brutal, and excep­
tures and varying amounts of interbreeding. The result is tionally warlike. Variag diplomacy is simple, involving
that some Haradan peoples resemble the Black conspiracy, betrayal, and war. Whether or not this is a
NUmen6reans, or even DUnedain of Gondor. Gondor's recent development, stemming from close and prolonged
conquests in the region acted to reinforce this trend. contact with Mordor, the Variags deserve the reputation
for being the cruelest race of Men in all of Endor.
LossoTH
Variags are accomplished horsemen and herders. They
The Lossoth tribes fish and hunt in the taiga and tundra
also deal in asses and camels. Nonetheless, much of their
of the Far North. Stocky and relatively short, these
fighting force is composed of footsoldiers. Common
nomads are often called the "Snowmen" or "Forodwaith"
Variags keep herds ofgoats, sheep, and horses. They grow
(a term which also refers to their territory). They are a
barley and, like related groups further south, some pro­
poor and primitive people who live on big game and
duce specialized varieties of cotron. Still, the Variags
whatever creatures of the Bay of Forochel they can
prefer trading, herding, and raiding to what they consider
acquire. Lossadan cul\Ure is based around hunting or
the mundane pastime of farming. 31
fishing bands, so they live and travel in small
groups. Some work copper or stone, but most
make tools out of hide, bone, fur, and gut.
Their contact with Elves and other Men is
limited, so they usually trade amongst them­
selves.

NORTHMEN
Northmen are also called Northrons. They
are a grouping of tall, strong, fair, and hairy
peoples that include the Rohirrim of Rohan.
Their culture predominates in the region
stretching from Dorwinion, across northern
Rhovanion, and to the eastern edge of the
Blue Mountains. Northmen occupy the
"Vales of the Andtiin," certain passes and
foothills in and around the northern Misty
Mountains, and most of northern Eriador.
An independent lot, Northmen make fine
hunters and warriors. Through their contacts
with other Free Peoples-Dwarves, Elves,
and the Edain-their culture has been some­
what heightened. Some groups adhere to
their own tongues (Acliduk, Nahaiduk,
Gramuk, Rohirric, etc.), while others (e.g.,
Dale-men) speak Westron.

V,fJuAGS
The Variags are \. a dark-skinned people
who occupy the lan4 of Khand, a semi-arid
plateau located southeast of Mordor and
northwest ofHarad.,Khand is an upland area A Dun1fl4"
which straddles the �ain trade route entering
the Great Desert frpm the East. Since it is
elevated and lies neat the base of two mountain massifs, it Having limited access to wood, they work in stone,
C
is quite habitable. ] hand's small rivers and moderate mud-brick, and sometimes use hide or felt tents. Variag
temperatures accommodate a high population concentra­ metal-craft is quite stunning, and their weapons are
tion by the standards of neighboring locales. among the best of their kind.
 7.2 SERVANTS OF DARKNESS
The forces ofDarkness have constantly sought
to use others as tools of Evil. Since they cannot
create life, they merely breed their minions. They
pervert and persuade those already living. This has
led to the hordes ofOrcs, Trolls, Wargs, Dragons,
- Fell Beasts, etc. that have plagued the Free Peoples
of Middle-earth throughout history. None of
these races were inherently evil in the beginning,
although many of their kind were predisposed
toward Darkness. Instead, Morgoth bred them,
and in doing so, instilled passions and ways which
resulted in their present beliefs in fear, hatred, and
killing. As oflate, Sauron has continued to breed
32 new and more terrible stock, all with the intention
of conquering Endor.
Form follows feeling in Middle-earth, and
one's essential character usually has a good deal to
do with one's appearance. After a time, truly evil
creatures begin to appear as hideous images of
their inner selves, and it takes great power to
disguise this erosion. Balrogs soon found them­
_

selves unable to assume pleasant shapes, and quickly

became tied to their awful bodies. This process
was,_ much slower for Sauron and his master
Morgoth. With each creation or work which
involved their power, they weakened and, in the
end, they too were tied to a foul (albeit amor­
Stone Troll Warrior
phous) form. To this day, Sauron exists in his own
living prison of fiery blackness.
The following groups comprise most of the principal Balrogs have been described in many ways by the few
non-human (or undead) servants of Darkness. Those who lived to tell of their passing: they were both flame and
more proper1y called "beasts" or " monsters" (e.g., Drag- shadow, huge and changing, winged and slimy, stronger
ons, Fell-beasts, Were-worms, Cold-drakes, Wargs, than the greatest serpent's grip, bearing a red flame as a
Crebain, etc.) are discussed in more detail in ICE's sword and a great whip with many tails. As a foe, they were
Credtures oj Middle-eartb. called by Legolas the greatest bane of the Elves, save the
Lord of the Dark Tower. Gandalf (see the Istari below)
BALROGS (VALARAUKAR)
struggled for some ten days with the Balrog of Moria.
"Demons of Might" are masters of terror and brute
In an adventure gaming context, Balrogs should be
force. Maiar, they are beings whose power transcends the
considered stronger than any single being which one
usually accepted strength of other mythological demons.
might face. They overshadow most small armies. Charac­
They are beyond the pale, the ultimate physical servants
ters who happen across them should normally make a
of darkness.
"morale check" (or "resistance roll") of some kind to
Of all the single dark entities (save Sauron and possibly
determine whether they flee, cower, submit, or simply go
Saruman, ifyou consider the latter so tainted) in Middle­
into intense shock. Should a bold or insane adventurer
earth, none possessed greater physical power than these
actually stand to face a Balrog (and be able to fight), they
creatures. Originally, they came from the Undying Lands,
will face a being with many weapons. A Balrog possesses
like the Istari and Sauron. Their relative strength when
(I) a great sheath of flame about his body which can be
compared to the inhabitants of the Middle Continent is
ignited nearly atwill unless immersed in water; (2) a sword
enormous. Even Dragons fear their coming.
of flame in one hand and a huge whip in the other-both
at least two- hand weapons with respect to humanoid
combatants; (3) awesome physical strength; (4) the abil­
ity to manipulate his size; (5) "wings" which enable him
to fly unless forcibly confined or upended; (6) a shadowy
body of amazing resilience which can withstand falls of
literally thousands of feet into water (which would still
smart); and (7) a presence embodying sheer terror.
 'No creature should take more damage, withstand Lesser Orcs are born, live, fight, and die in darkness.
greater magic and weaponry, or absorb more temperature They abhor light and are blinded by the unshielded sun.
and elemental extremes than a Balrog--except Sauron Greater Orcs are most carefUlly bred and can operate in
and, possibly, the Wizards (Istari) or certain Dragons. daylight. Their abilities to speak, organize, reason, and
(Player characters, even of the greatest level, have little fight are higher than their brethren. Some claim the Uruk­
chance of success against such power.) hai are products ofSaruman's White Hand, and were first
spawned from Orcs and Men. It appears, however, that
NAZGUL (VLA1RI)
Also called the "Ringwraiths" or simply "The Nine," they first arose in Mordor, and that their lineage has
the NazgUl were once nine great lords of Men. Enslaved nothing to do with the Secondborn. While the lesser Orcs
by Sauron in the Second Age, each coveted great power favor curved scimitars and wicked axes, the Uruks bear
and accepted one of the Nine Rings of Men. Since these straight swords and a wider variety of superior arms.
Rings of Power are ruled by the One Ring and keyed to TROllS (TEREG)
the Dark Lord, the NazgUl became slaves ofthe Evil One. In building his kingdom of awful ire, Sauron, has
The NazgUl are in a sense immortal. Undead, they no carefUlly selected capable instruments ofterror. Just as his
33
longer possess bodies associated with the living. Essen­ master Morgoth once molded peoples into mockeries of
tially, they live in the "Shadow-world" ruled by the Lord Eru's children, Sauron has sought to develop new warrior
ofthe Rings. They act individually, and collectively, as an stock from those creatures he has at hand. Although he
extension of their master, who can "feel" through them. cannot create life, his mastery of breeding and manipula­
They are Sauron's most trusted lieutenants. tion has enabled him to forge stronger servants through
The Witch King of Angmar, also called the Lord of selective spawning. The Dark Lord has forever sought to
Morgul, is chief among the NazgUl. He is the Lord ofthe increase the wits and strengths of the Orcs and Trolls who
Ulairi and possesses the greatest power of independent have composed the bulk of his armies since his rise in
action. Mordor around SA 1000.
The NazgUl are afraid of water, some fires, and the Like the Orcs, the Trolls (S. "Tereg") were originally
name "Elbereth." They are virtually blind by usual stan­ bred by the Black Enemy (S. "Morgoth") during the First
dards, but possess amazing senses ofsmell, etc. which help Age of Middle-earth. They were created as hideous
offset this weakness and provide them tremendous advan­ reflections of Ents. At first, they were as stupid as the
tages in darkness. Their power is lessened during the day, , stone from which they came, although later they became
and Khamtll, the second of the Nine, actually fears light. able to speak in dull, guttural ways. No intelligent action
Some ofthe others share all or part ofthis flaw. Nonethe­ could be associated with their kind, but it did not matter;
less, these Wraiths generally overcome their weaknesses. they were huge (up to 10' tall), broad, and strong like rock.
Trolls crushed their foes with brute force. Subtlety was
ORCS (YRCH)
Originally bred by Morgoth in the First Age, Orcs not their mark.
quickly became servants ofDarkness. Thus, the Yrch were Sauron sought a better breed, however, and with his rise
culturally and mentally predisposed toward the "foul in the Second Age he resolved to forge an unstoppable
life." Their ancestors were fallen Elves, who were twisted Troll-host. Since that time, he has remolded the works of
in mind and body by the Black Enemy. his master. With his last coming, he renewed his efforts in
Orcs are oftwo types. Most are lesser or common Orcs, secrecy. Now he has begun fielding a small but growing
who average about four to five feet in height and sport force of"Mortereg" (S. "Black Trolls"). Relatively quick
grotesque, fanged faces. Greater Orcs, or Uruk-hai, reach and capable of making decisions, these formidable crea­
heights ofup to six feet and have more "human" features. tures can operate at any hour:
Both groups are heavy of build and have long, thin Unlike their slow Hill- and Stone-troll kinsmen, Black
appendages and thick hides. Trolls can operate on their own and survive the light of '
Bred as laborers and warriors, Orcs respect little but day without fear (although they despise it). On the other
brute force and are most potent when serving under a hand, Hill-trolls become blind when they become ex­
"focused wilL" They are without exception cannibalistic, posed to sunlight. Stone-trolls return to the rock from
blood-thirsty and cruel, and care little for social organiza­ which they were made.
tion. Generally, smaller tribal/ clanal units are the norm,
based on a strong leader; each employs its own dialect.
Most are stellar smiths. Their ability to work with metal
is notable. (As a whole, only the Dwarves and Noldor
display greater skill.) Although the appearance of their
items is often poor, they exhibit a high level ofutility. Orc
weapons perform well in battle, even if they look crude.
Orcs rarely make items unassociated with labor or fight­
ing. so beauty is hardly a consideration.
 8.0 LANGUAGE THEMES 8.1 LANGUAGE IN THE WEST
As Tolkien (who was, among other things, a philologist
During the late Third Age, most Men residing in
. northwestern Endor speak a language based on either
and linguist) often noted, both De Hobbit and De Lord of
the Rings began as component parts of a rich background Sindarin (Grey Elvish) or Westron (the Common Tongue).
for a much vas�er history ofElvish tongues. Every Endorian These two, distantly-related language groups are both
culture Tolkien described in any detail received a distinct descended from Quendarin, one of three "original" lan­
language. Language dictated the flavor of society in guages. A gift from Eru, it was conferred upon the Elves
Middle-earth, just as it does in our world. Besides provid­ by the Vala Orome.
ing a unique and consistent element of fantasy, it was the The other two ancestral tongues, Khuzdul andMelkorin,
driving force behind Tolkien's creative efforts. originated with the Valar Awe and Melkor (respectively).
Thus, a good GM should glean an understanding ofthe Aule taught the Dwarves Khuzdul. To this day, it remains
underlying linguistic patterns in Middle-earth. For in­ essentially "hidden" and unchanged. Melkorin evolved
stance, it is an impottant fact that Elvish tongues gave into a number of languages, most of which are dead.
birth to AdCmaic and certain other languages spoken by Sauron's Black Speech draws some of its roots from this
34 strange linguistic family.
more advanced Men. This linguistic connection exempli­
fies a broader relationship: the cultural bond between the
ELVISH TONGUES
Eldar and the Edain. In other words, related groupings of Eldarin, the language of the Eldar, is the "mother of
speech provide the GM with a picture of how cultures tongues" in northwestern Endor. It gave birth to both
evolve and interact. Quenya and Sindarin, as well as a host of mannish
The following diagram is a very simplistic summary of languages. It influenced nearly every other tongue, for its
the evolution of Endorian language. You can see that ocabulary and associated lore provide rich and powerful
spoken tongues like AdCmaic were influenced by more ;lmagery.
than one source. These linguistic influences reflect Prior to the Great Journey of the Elves across Middle­
parallel cultural intermixtures. earth, there was one ancient Elvish tongue (Quendarin).
This situation changed, however, as the First-born began
- - - - - VALARIN to go separate ways. The Eldar that migrated out of
r
I I I eastern Endor in search of the light of Aman developed

:
I Quendarin Khuzdul Melkorin

:
Eldarin, which was influenced by their travail, and by

Quenya
i
Eldarin
i i
Sindarin
"
/
�
AVarin
/
I
contact with the Valar and Maiar. The Avari of the East
retained the old tongue, which developed into Avarin­
Silvan Elvish.
I / I Eldarin quickly evolved into two language families,
" Nandorin
Hildorin Quenya and Sindarin, the former spoken by the Vanyar
1
and Noldor that settled in Aman, and the latter spoken by
1 the Teler groups that failed to cross the sea. These two
'I Lintadorin languages evolved away from one another until the time
I 'ri-----�I-----LI�I when most of the Noldor returned to Middle-earth.
Adfutaic Arhfuterin PUkael
QUENYA (HIGH ELVISH)
Quenya is a beautiful language marked by fluid, joyous
Aravadorin
I
tones and patterns. Developed in the Undying Lands, it
I I I I I
Womarin Namerin Momerin Talatherin Linerin was affected by the great Valar themselves. (In other
words, it was "reinfluenced" by Valarin.) It is the language
of the Vanyar, Noldor, and many of the Teleri of Aman.
The following is a helpful, albeit brief, guide to the Quenya is spoken in Middle-earth, but only rarely in
important patterns of language in Middle-earth. everyday speech. The Ents and the Noldor are the only
groups who utilize it in normal conversation. It is consid­
ered the "first tongue" among the Noldor ofL6rien and
in the coastal areas of Lindon (particularly in Forlindon
and near the Grey Havens), although these proud Elves
also speak Sindarin. Both ofthese Noldo groups are small
and quite elusive, so most Men rarely hear Quenya spoken
during their brief lives.
 The DUnedain are the only Men who regularly come Even in the West, the Avari outnumber the Eldar, for
into contact with Quenya. High Elvish was revered as the there are majority Silvan populations in Elda-ruled areas
language of the court in NUmenor, where Quenya was like L6rien and the Woodland Realm. Thus, Avarin, the
used in all official speeches and texts-at least until the so-called "Wood-elf' tongue, is common even in regions
NUmen6reans began revolting against Elven influences. traditionally associated with the Sindar. The Sindar often
After the Downfall ofNUmenor, the Faithful who founded employ the Silvan tongue as a second or third language,
Arnor and Gondor retained Quenya as their royal tongue. because they need to communicate with their subjects.
Commoners continued to speak Adt1naic, as they had in Of the three branches of Elvish, Avarin is the least
NUmenor. (Adt1naic eventually spawned and was replaced "noble" and most varied. Avarin dialects can be nearly as
by Westron.) beautiful and melodic as Quenya or nearly as harsh as the
Both the Sindar and Avari use Quenya, but only as a Varadja spoken by the Variags.
language oflore. Some lend it an almost spiritual quality.
THE TENGWAR
Generally, though, Quenya represents Noldo culture,
Two writing patterns are dominant in areas ofthe West
which is scorned by most Endorian Elves.
where Elvish or Westron based languages hold sway. The
35
SINDARIN (GREy ELVISH) older ofthe two, the Tengwar ("Letters") , was developed
Sindarin is the language of the Grey Elves, who also by the Eldar in the Undying Lands and was originally
developed the Certar (Q. "Runes"), or "Cirth." A practi­ associated with Quenya. It (traditiorially) has thirty-six
cal tongue, it is less lyrical than either Quenya or the older symbols, which have been used to represent a variety of
Eldarin. It developed further away from Eldarin than writing constructs. Tengwar is now found wherever people
Quenya, for the changefulness of mortal lands invited write in Westron. Originally a phonetic structure, it began
innovation and evolution. with symbols corresponding to consonants. Some Elves
The Sindar developed Grey Elvish in northwestern and Men have injected vowels, while others have used
Middle-earth, and it remains the principal Elven language diacritic marks to achieve necessary vowel sound repre­
in much of Endor. Sindarin has had a heavy influence on sentations. The fluid Tengwar are ideal for brush or pen
Mannish speech, particularly that of northern groups. writing, but they are too curved for easy chiseling.
The original Edain adopted Sindarin as their own lan­
THE CIRTH (CERTAR)
guage. Even the D6nedain, who have always revered
The angular Cirth ("Certar" or "Runes") were devel­
Quenya, speak a tongue based on the Grey Elvish of their
oped by the Sindar and are ideal for rune inscriptions. Like
. ancestors. DUnadan names are typically Sindarin.
the Tengwar, the Cirth has spread throughout Middle­
Sindarin is spoken by all Endorian Eldar as a first or
earth in various forms. One, the Angerthas Moria ("Long
second tongue. Grey Elvish is also spoken by Silvan
Runes ofMoria"), is the script employed by the Dwarves
groups (e.g., the Wood-elves of Mirkwood) whom the
for representations of their own Khuzdul. Even Men
Eldar control or dominate. In addition, it is often spoken
utilize various forms based on the Sinda Runes.
by the DUnadan aristocracy of Gondor and Eriador, as
Those acquainted with a particular form of writing
well as by learned Men whose cultures, economies, or
associated with the Tengwar or Cirth will not necessarily
politics have been influenced by the D6nedain.
understand the nuances of script employed by other
Sindarin is spoken with countless accents and is often
languages using these forms. Both writing forms vary
hard to identify as Grey Elvish, but it remains the "basic
wildly, for they are modified according to the tongue they
Elvish" of the West. It is the most accessible, intelligible,
represent. A GM should not allow a character too much
and familiar Elven language. Even Westron incorporates
freedom reading writings based on either script if he is
a number ofSindarin words, mostly via Adt1naic. Sindarin
attempting to decipher a language that is in whole or part
lore is prevalent in many of the cultures associated with
unfamiliar.
Westron.

Sn.VAN TONGUES (AVARIN) NORTHERN MANNISH LANGUAGES

The extent ofSilvan, or "Avarin," dialects spoken in the The languages of the Men are all descended from
West is unclear. They certainly predominant among the Hildorin, the speech ofHild6rien. Hildorin spawned two
Elves of northern Rhovanian (specifically in Mirkwood). major linguistic families: (I) Lintadorin, which includes
It is clear, though, that Silvan Elves carried Avarin into the most of the languages of northwestern Endor; and (2)
forests and mountains wherever they settled: the Silvan Aravadorin, which includes both the southern linguistic
tongues comprise the prevalent Elvish language family sub-groups and the language of the Snowmen of the Far
found in most of Middle-earth. North. Aravadorin tongues are also prevalent elsewhere in
Middle-earth (see Section 8.2).
 WESTRON SoUTHMAN SPEECH
Also called "Common Speech." Westron is spoken by This grouping ofHaradanin tongues includes both the
most Men in the West. the chief exceptions being the tongues of the Dunlendings (Dunael) and the Bree­
Woses. Dunlendings. and Rohirrim (Men of Rohan). landers (Breeish). It also influenced Kuduk (ancient
Dwarves use Westron or. to a much lesser degree. Sindarin Hobbitish). Developed from the speech found in the vales
while " in public." Where a number ofdifferent races meet of the White Mountains (Ered Nimrais) in the Elder
in council or to discuss affairs. Westron is employed as a Days. Southman dialects are prevalent throughout the
common ground. highlands of the northwest. Dunael. the speech of the
Westron is actually a mixture of debased Adfutaic and Dunlendings. is found wherever they abound. notably in
various Endorian dialects. While it incorporates numer­ Dunland. Lesser dialects may be scattered throughout the
ous Sindarin. Northman. and Southron influences. Adfutaic region of the southern Misty Mountains and western
provides most of the vocabulary. White Mountains. None bear any resemblance to the
speech of the Northmen or the DUnedain.
ADONAIC
The language of the Bree-men was an early offshoot of
Adfutaic was the language ofthe DUnedain ofNUmenor
36 and is descended from the Sindarin speech spoken by the
the Southman line. but it has since been superseded by
Westron (e.g they now speak Westron in Bree).
.•
early Edain. It is the parent tongue of Westron and is still
spoken among the noble classes of Gondor. but only very WOSE SPEECH
rarely. Related to the Northman tongues. Adfutaic also The Woses. or "Wild-men of the West." are often
has vague connections to the speech found among Men in confused with the Dunlendings. These two peoples once
the Vales of the Anduin. It is extremely uncommon and coexisted in the White Mountain highlands. Woses differ
inaccessible. although by no means "dead." heavily in build and character from the Dunmen. however.
and the guttural Wose language (PUkael) is quite distinct.
ROHIRRIC
While PUkael gave birth to DaenaeI. the common ances­
The Rohirrim of Rohan-speak a distinct Northman
tor of both Dunael (Dunnish) and the coastal tongues of
(Foradanin) tongue distantly related to the language of
Gondor (before the coming of the Dunedain). it is alien
the Edain (which spawned Adfutaic). Both groups are
to the Dunael-speaking Dunlendings.
derived from a common source. Rohirric is a relatively
PUkael is spoken in the Druadan Forest. which lies
unchanged tongue. for the Rohirrim have a very conser­
along the northern edge of the White Mountains (west
vative culture. and theirs is a language that closely follows
and slightly north of Minas Tirith). Related PUkael
the patterns of their ancient predecessors. Developed in
dialects are present in Andrast. the peninsula of western
Rhovanion and refined in the Upper Vales ofthe Anduin.
Gondor.
it is more archaic in nature than most other Northman
languages. In fact. the Men ofRhovanion (Mirkwood and
KHUZDUL (UDWARVISH")
the surrounding environs) usually speak Westron. Most
Of all the languages of Middle-earth. Khuzdul is
oftheir older dialects have been incorporated. abandoned.
probably the most inaccessible. Few non-Dwarves ever
or displaced in common use.
hear it spoken; fewer still ever learn it. Among the Khazad.
HOBBmsH it is the language of lore and high speech. The Naugrim
The Hobbitish of the late Third Age is a peculiar are careful to use Westron or some other mannish dialect
, dialect of Westron. There is no record of a distinct when conversing with Men or Elves. Dwarves go so far as
Hobbit (Kuduk) tongue. and Hobbits have apparently adopting "public" names for occasions where they must
always relied on a dialect based on the speech ofneighbor­ deal with non-Dwarven folk. They guard their given or
ing Men. Early Hobbitish (speech of their pre- and early "inner" names with zeal. This practice has resulted in a
Shire years) was actually a dialect ofRhovanion Northman. shrouding of certain histories. for their inscriptions do
This older form was abandoned. however. for the years in not make use ofthe language. A few place names and some
the Shire saw a gradual adoption (and modification) of utterances amidst the heat ofbattle give us our only insight
Westron. into the nature of the tongue.
Khuzdul is a relatively harsh-seeming speech marked by
SOUTHERN MANNISH TONGUES throaty words and the frequent use ofdistinct. drawn out
The patterns and relationships ofHaradanin. the south­ "h" sounds (aspirates: e.g.. Khazad = K-ha-zade;
ern tongues. are hazy. At least two related groupings are th = T-ha). The construction of words employs a com­
apparent. Note that neither is related to the languages of bination of vowels inserted into a base of three "root"
the "Southrons." or "Haradrim." the peoples of Harad. consonants. Consonants frame a concept. while vowels
indicate the specific idea related to that general idea.
 Example: K(Kh) + Z + D = tbe basic concept ofDwarvishness, and There are few recorded examples of Orc-speech. A rare
KhuzJu/ (Dwarvish language), KbazaJ- (Dwarvish), anJK.hazaJ. translation of Orkish follows:
(Dwarves) are variations on that theme. K(Kh) + L + D = tbe basic Ugluk u bagronk
concept ofglassiness (e.g., kbeleJ = glass).
"(UgIUk) to t!te dungpit"
Few other elements of this strange language have been
sha pushdug Sa1'Uman-glob
deciphered. It does, however, seem that Dwarves indicate
"with stinking Sanunan-fUth"
possession of an object by moving the object's noun (the
genitive noun) behind the noun indicating the possessor
bubhosh skai!
"pig-guts gah!"
and then hyphenating the pairing (e.g., "Khazad-dfun" =
"Dwarf-hall"). -from the "Uruk-hai" chapter of lAtRll (see p. 59).
Writings in Khuzdul are angular and rune-like, since
they are made using the Angerthas Moria, a variant ofthe An untranslated song provides' us a little additional
Cirth. insight into Orkish sounds and cadence:

I- Ta-ruta dum-da dum-da dum /

OTHER TONGUES OF THE WEST ta-rara dutil-da dum-da bum 37
Most of the other languages found in the West were in
some way affected by those above. Nonetheless, these
2 - Da-duda rum-ta rum-ta rum /
ta-dada rum-ta rum-ta dum /
groups are distinct and are not part ofany linguistic family
so far discussed. 3 - Ta-bumba rOOlba bunda-romba banda-rOOlba
bum-ta bum
ENTISH
Da-dura dara lamba bum / ta-lamba dum
Ents have their own home tongue which was born in
rumta rum!
times before history. This speech is akin to other aspects
Ta-bum-da-dOOl / ta-rum-ta-rOOl /
ofEnt culture. It is spoken extremely slowly and is unique
ta-bum-ta-lamba dum-da-dOOl //
to a degree as to be unintelligible as far as normal Men,
ta-bum / ta-rum / ta-bum-ta lamba dum //
Elves, Dwarves, and others are concerned. In rare inter­
racial conversations, or even among themselves, Ents most -from an unpublishechnscription by J.R.R. ToIkien.
often speak Quenya, a language taught them by the
Noldor. They know other tongues but rarely use them. THE LANGUAGES OF HARAn
The extent of the penetration of Westron into the
BLACK SPEECH
region known as Harad is unknown. There is little doubt
The Lord of the Rings invented Black Speech in the
that it is spoken among Men of commerce and political
Second Age. While influenced by the Melkorin tongues
persuasion, even in the deep desert. This is due in part to
of Utumno and Angband, it is infused with Eldarin.
the great trade routes. Westron is even used in Khand. Of
concepts. Sauron's fall at the end ofthe age corresponded
course, in isolated or non-cosmopolitan areas (and among
to a decline in the usage of his language. It remains a
the unlearned) Westron will be of little use.
tongue rarely used in its purer form. Only the higher
The Haradrim, however, generally rely on their own
servants of the Dark Lord employ it on an everyday basis.
Narnerin linguistic heritage. Northern Haradrim speak
Dialects, however, are rather common, although they are
Haradaic, southerners Apysaic. Both of thes� language
for the most part debased. Certain Orc groups speak
groups have common Hyaraic roots, meaning that they
variations of Black Speech or combinations of Black
Speech and Westron. The terrible Olog-hai (Sauron's
�
are part of the Aravadorin anguage family. AdCmaic,
Westron, Dunael, and PUkaeI. on the other hand, are part
elite 'Troll-race") use it in a relatively proper manner.
of the Lintadorin language family.
Most of the human residents of Mordor use their own
The Variags ofKhand are a distinct race and maintain
tongues. The Men of Nfun (Nfuniags), for instance,
their own culture and tongue. They speak Varadja, which
speak Mordorin. (This is an Aravadorin language de­
is also an Aravadorin language. Although influenced by
scended from Talatherin and Ioradja.)
� arnerin, it is part of the Talatherin sub-family. Varadja
ORKISH (ORCISH) is descended from Ioradja and has more in common with
Orkish is not one language or even a language family; the language ofthe Men ofNurn (Mordorin) than it does
rather it is a number of tribal tongues whose common with the speech of the Haradrim (Hyaraic).
bond is the large shared vocabulary made up ofcurses. No
grammatical structure for Orkish has ever been devised. THE LANGUAGE OF TIlE FORODWATIH
The Lossoth, or "Forodwaith," inhabit the area known
Instead, Orcs speak dialects based on either Westron or
as 'the "Northern Waste." Commonly referred to as
Black Speech or both. Some tribes may use a Southron
"Snowmen," the Lossoth reside in remote and frigid areas
based form. As a result of this diversity, communication
between Orc tribes is exceedingly difficult, although some where no other Men dare tread. They speak Labba, an
enlightened Orcs have been known to employ an intelli­ obscure Aravadorin tongue of the Mornerin branch.
(Labba's sole relative is Urdarin, which is spoken in the far
gible form of Westron.
northeast of Endor.) Since Labba is quite foreign to other
western ears, many of the Lossoth also employ Westron.
 Labba reflects the poor, harsh Lossadan lifestyle. I t is Lintadorintongues, particularly Adfutaic and Westron,
shaped by their culture, so they have no word for certain have actually had profound impact in the East and South.
concepts familiar to other Men (such as "desert"). On the Their influence is defmitely felt in border areas and in the
other hand, they use a thousand different words for coastal regions exploited by the NUmcn6reans. For ex­
concepts based on snow and ice. ample, Westron is spoken by well-educated people in
areas well to the east of the Sea of Rhfut or south of the
8.2 LANGUAGE IN THE WILD LANDS River Poros.
-EAST, SOUTH & NORTH The underlying characteristic of all regions outside the
Generalized language guidelines are more appropriate West is diversity. Unlike the northwestern section of
when speaking ofthe East, South, or North. After all, here Middle-earth, these areas are relatively disorganized and/
we lack detail. Creative interpretation is at a premium or primitive, having only minor impact on continental
when attempting to discern specific linguistic or cultural affairs. The reasons for this are many, but two spring
patterns in these areas. immediately to mind: ( I ) Elven influence was limited due
There are no distinct dividing lines when it comes to to the departure of many on the Great Journey and
38 language and culture on a continental land mass. Neigh­ subsequent fragmentation of remaining groups; and (2) a
boring groups invariably interact, borrow,· and integrate lack of a dominant Men like the Edain meant that no one
to some .degree. We do know that Silvan Elvish, not was capable of unifying vast areas. There is less cultural
Sindarin, had the greater effect outside western Endor. and political unity and no powerful world force in the
Thus, Men speak tongues spawned by the Silvan-inspired Wild Lands.
Aravadorin language family. Despite their numbers, Only the West was "near" the Undying Lands and was
though, their influence is considerably less significant able to concentrate large numbers of organized Elven
than that of the Lintadorin speakers of the West. groups at a time when Men were common. The combina­
The following diagram is a theoretical summary pf the tion of intense Elvish culture and masses of Men led to
development of the principal language families found cultural transfer in the First and Second Ages-resulting

�
outside northwestern Endor: in a forceful Adan culture that later spawned
the kingdoms ofNUmenor and its successor­
AVARIN MELKORIN states (Arnor and Gondor). Thus, while the
.......
" West saw the creation of unifying, wide­
HILDORIN
spread cultural constructs like Westron
LINTADORIN ("Common Speech"), the Orth, and the
'
I I I Tengwar, the so-called "Wild Lands" were
Adt1naic Arht1nerin PUkael populated with fragmented groups embrac­
I
i I

I
ing a multitude oflesser tongues and scripts.
Eriadaic Foradanin Hara � There was certainly Elven influence outside
I I the West, for many Silvan Elves occupied the
Daenael Iaurdanael
eastern forests, but their presence was less
I I
Dunael Chailuk pervasive. The great captains of Numenor
and her colonies founded towns and citadels
Umbarean Miredorin along Middle-earth's eastern and southern

:�,::-: ,:::1
coasts, but no vast kingdoms were estab­
AR.AVADORIN lished.
I
i I I I I
Nam Linerin Talatherin

Labba Urdarin

Horlek Ralek Adek

MUmakanin Tuktanin Hyaraic

Chejan Chyan Aharin

Ulgathic Ibavin Shayan

Varadja Asdradja Nfuadja Mordorin

LANGUAGES OF THE EAST 9.0 USING · ELVISH
AND SOUTH
The East and South are subject to numerous shifts in Many a traveller bent to the aims ofthe Free Peoples of
population. and it is important to realize that the cultural Endor longs to take his ease at Rivendell. listening to
mosaic is ever-changing. When attempting to consttuct Elvish minstrels making sweet music in the Hall of Fire.
All the while. the Silvan mage wishes to return home to
cultures and language groups in these territories the
following guidelines should prove helpful: feast with the woodland king under the noble boughs of
Greenwood the Great. And the spent Elf-warrior hopes
(I) Societies are generally isolated cultural consttucts for healing beneath the blossoming mallorns ofLoth16rien
with primitive political and technological organiza­ in spring. The following materials aid the GM in provid­
tion and have few unifying elements (e.g no great
.•
ing PCs with authentic experiences among the Eldar and
"common speech"). This is less ttue in the more throughout the lands influenced by Elvish thought and
organized areas where the influences of the Elves. language.
Sauron. or DUnadan colonists are significant. The section contains notes on Elvish pronunci�tion
(2) Communication and travel are more difficult; roads and grammar and an Elvish dictionary. divided into two 39
and trade routes are generally less developed. and subsections: the first giving the meaning of Sindarin and
large urban areas are much rarer. Quenya words and syllables in English. the second trans­
(3) Language and writing have more variations. and lating English words into the Eldarin tongues. Used
literacy rates are lower. together. the subsections allow the GM to create authen- .
(4) Wars are more frequent but smaller. Armies are tic names for the Eldar and their sites. to sprinkle the
many and often large. but they are less sophisticated. speech of Elven Lords with phrases from Quenya or
(5) Trade routes. although fewer and less comfortable. Sindarin. and to decipher the meaning of terms such as
dominate international affairs. Commerce is the Annon-in-Gelydh and Rammas Echor.
inter-soc1eta1 language.
(6) Individual political figures affect smaller regions. 9.1 ELVISH PRONUNCIATION
The following text is intended as a guide to the correct
LANGUAGES OF THE NORTH pronunciation of Eldarirt words: In the interest of accu­
Both the Forodwaith (described above) and the Urnli racy. we have derived the material from Tolkien's notes on
reside in the North. Their languages and cultures are ­ the subject on pages 487-492 in ne Return oj tbe King.
unique and bear little resemblance to those of other More complete information on the evolution of pho­
groups. They are relatively poor and scattered. living in nemes from the primeval Elvish tongue into Quenya and
isolated familial or clan groupings. The level or their Sindarin is available in ne Lora oj the Rings. Appendix E.
technology is low. Their homeland is a land of intense CONSONANTS
cold-in some places. "everlasting cold." Few Men inter­
C always has the sound of the k in kin. never of the s in
act with these peoples. much less influence them. Simple. Celebrimbor is pronounced "Kelebrimbor." not
Cultural groups found in the North may have southern "Selebrimbor." Sometimes (kelvar. kalina). a k is used in
brethren. just as they do in our society. Nonetheless. these spelling.
"related" cultural units will differ widely. They do not CH the ch in Scottish h>ch or Gennan bach, never the ch in
share subsistence techniques. neighbors. or geographical English chime or lurch. Examples: echiant. echuir.
influences and necessarily rely on different cultural stan­
DH the voiced or "soft" th of English. It is. the th in these.
dards and patterns. not the th in throw. Examples: Jannttlh. galaJh. hahoJh.

PLACE NAMES OUTSIDE THE WEST F thej injeather. except finally. where it represents the v
As noted. the penetration of Elvish and Adan (e.g .•
of English oj. Examples: NinJalj. FlaJrij.
AdUnaic) influence outside the West is limited but not G always the g in English gone. never that in regimen.
inconsequential. Silvan dialects. which are less musical Region and Eregion are not pronounced like English
region. ("ree-jin"). but like regal. Example: "Reg-ee-on."
than those devised by the Eldar. are much more impor­
The first syllable ofgirith is like the English gear.
tant. Therefore. the "softening" influences found in
not jeer.
Western languages are less evident. and the tongues tend
toward harsher sounds. This trend is strengthened by the H the b in horse or behest if standing alone with no
other consonants. The Quenya combination ht is like
effects ofvarious dialects ofdarkness. Most ofthe peoples
the cht of Gennan acht. Examples: habta, tehta, ohtar.
outside the West have lived under the yoke of Morgoth
or Sauron at one point or another. I if preceding another vowel at the beginning of a word
in Sindarin. only the consonantal sound ofy in
The names on the color map of Middle-earth reflect
English yonder. Example: Livas.
this situation. Variety abounds. but most of the labels
seem relatively harsh or guttural because they are Silvan or
Aravadorin in nature. or because they have been influ­
enced by Black Speech.
 L similar to the I in English limb. It is "palatalized" EA, EO constitute hvo syllables. They do not � together
between e or i and a consonant. The Eldar would and are written ea and ea At the beginning of proper
ttanscribe Englishjell and till asfeol and tioL names, they become FA and Eo, as in FAmur and EoL
NG the ng in linger, except at the end of a word when it EI the sound in the Englishfey or dAy. Teiglin is "Tayglin"
sounds like the English bring. The latter sound not "Tyeglin."
occurred initially in Quenya in earlier ages, but ER, IR, UR . if before a consonant (Arvernien, Clirhuin,
evolved to n by the Third Age. Thus, Cnoldo became Durtbang), or at the end of a word (Brandir), should not
Naldo. be pronounced as the English erg,first, and urn, but as
PH thef infisb. It is used (I) where the f-sound occurs at the English air, year, and mOOf'.
the end of a word, as in alpb "swan;" (2) where IE not like English niece, but with both vowels sounded
the f-sound is related to or derived from a p, as in and run together. Nienna is "Nee-en-na," not "Neena."
i-Pbmannatb "the Halflings" (perian); and (3) in the
middle of a few words where it represents a longff OE often pronounced as in English toy. However, in
Noegytb and LJeg it is a combination of the individual
(from pp) as in epbel "outer fence."
vowels, a-e. That is, "Noh-eg-ith" and "Loh-eg."
QU represents cw, a combination common in Quenya.
40 VI like English ruin. Example: Bruinen.
Nonexistent in Sindarin.
R always a trilled r. The sound is not lost before U pronounced like the 00 in poor. Rurin, Turin, and Tuna
consonants, as in the English part. The back or uvular should be pronounced like "Toorin," "Hoorin," and
l' used by Orcs and some Dwarves was distasteful to
"Toona," not'''Tyootin,'' "Hyootin," or "Tyoona."
the Eldar. In addition to the vowel sounds ai, au, and ui listed
S the voiceless s in sew and cease. The voiced s in reason above, oi, iu, and eu are Quenya diphthongs and pro­
does not occur in the Quenya and Sindarin of the nounced as one syllable. All other pairs of vowels are
Third Age. pronounced separately, that is they are dissyllabic. Dia­
TH voiceless tb in the English tbought and tborougb. In critic marks often, but not always, indicate the correct
Quenya, this evolved to s when spoken. pronunciation: eo, la, oe; etc.
Example: Q. sil, S. tM "shine." The diphthongs at, ai, ti, oe, ui, and au are Sindarin
TY similar to the t in the English tune. Examples: ryar, constructions. (See Section 9.3 for more on diphthongs.)
ryulma. All other vowel combinations are dissyllabic. When it
occurs at the end of a word, au is often written aw.
V the v of value, but not used at the end of a word.
The vowels i,e,a,o, and u are pronounced as the sounds
W the w in warm. HW is a voiceless w as in wbite.
in the Englishfiend, per, calm, more, and lute.
Y in Quenya, represents the y in yarJ. In Sindarin, y is a The long Quenya e and 0 are, when properly pro­
vowel. HY signifies the sound in the English hue and nounced, tenser and "closer" than the short vowels.
human.
Westton speakers usually pronounce them as the English
Consonants written twice, as tt, ll, ss, nn, are pronounced say and no, but the Eldar regard this as provincial and in
long. Annon has the long n in the English unnumbered, not error. However, those who pronounce yeni unotime "long­
the short n in unaware and marry. Double consonants at the years innumerable" as "yainy oonoatimy" bear company
end of words with more than one syllable were usually with Bilbo, Merry, and Pippin.
shortened. Thus, Rohan evolved from Rochann, which in A circumflex marked over stressed monosyllables in
turned derived from Rochand. Sindarin signifies a particularly long vowel typical. Thus
VOWELS Hfn Hurin sounds like "Heen Hoorin."
AE often pronounced as ai (English eye). However, in STRESS
Atgnor and Nirnaetb, it is a combination of the The position ofthe stress or "accent" is determined by
individual vowels, a-e. That is, "Ah-eg-nor" and the form ofa word. In two-syllable words, it almost always
"Nir-nah-eth." falls on the first syllable. In longer words, it falls on the
AI the long i in English wine. The third syllable of second to last syllable, ifthe syllable contains a long vowel,
DrUedAin is like dine, not Dane. a dipthong, or a vowel followed by two or more conso­
AU the ow in down. Thus Au/lis pronounced "Owl-ee" nants. When the second to last syllable contains a short
and Sauron is "Sour-on" not "Sore-on." vowel followed by only one or no consonants, the stress
E always pronounced as a distinct vowel in the middle falls on the syllable preceding it, the third from the end.
or at the end of a word. In the latter case, it is usually Words ofthe latter form are favored especially in Quenya.
written e: The stressed vowels in the following examples are
marked by a capita1 letter: isliJur, Orome, erEssla, jEanor,
ancAlima, efentAn, JEnethor, ecthElion, pelArgir, silIvren.
9.2 ELVISH GRAMMAR subjunctive
It is possible to create grammatically correct Eldarin nain may it be I e14in may I behold
sentences using general rules of thumb extrapolated from nailmet may it be we e14ilmet may we behold
the names, phrases, and poems prestented by Tolkien in nailye may it be thou e/ailye mayest thou behold
The Lora of the Rings and other works. Although the
Many Quenya roots can be extrapolated from the
recorded vocabulary is limited, certain generalizations
phrases appearing in Tolkien's work. . A listing of some
about Quenya and Sindarin are discemable. These gener­
examples follows:
alizations are not intended to be a complete study of the
aiy behold quen say, speak
grammar of the Eldarin tongues. The irregularities and
unique cases typical of any language are more than this aut pass quant ·ftll
guidebook can aspire to. Rather, the information is el behold ran wander, stray
presented to provide the GM with the basics that will give enquant refill rig twine, wreathe
his or her campaign the depth possible in the Middle­ entel return ris cleave
earth milieu. The most useful observations follow below. bir ftnd sil shine
kel go away, flow away sir flow
41
QUENYA GRAMMAR kbil follow tel ftnish, be last
In Quenya, grammatical structure is built by adding
kir, cir rut, cleave tin(� sparkle
.

different endings onto a root as well as the manipulation

14it praise tintil twinkle
ofword order. Thus verb tenses, plurals, possessives, and
1411 lick ti1' watch, watch over
prepositional elements all exist as suffIXes which contain
little semantic meaning until attached to another word. lined) sing tul come
mar abide undu1411 drown
VERBS
n be, exist untup cover
Each Quenya verb can be conjugated in five tenses,
nal cry 141' heat, be hot
singular and plural, and using three pronoun suffuxes: I,
ortan uplift utuv fmd
we, and thou. When the subject of a sentence is plural, the
verb must also be plural; e.g., eleni si/ar "stars shine." The pel go around, encircle van depart

general form is: NOUNS

present: root + a present plural: root + ar Compound nouns in both Quenya and Sindarin are
past root + e past plural: root + er formed by placing the descriptor before the main element
future: root + ulla future plural: root + ullar of the word. Word order expresses the concepts of and of
imperative: root + e imperative plural: root + er
the, rather than separate syllables. Quenya and Sindarin
elements may be combined in the same word.
subjunctive: root + ai subjunctive plural: root + air
Alquaumdii "swan haven" "Haven of the SWarlS"
The suffIXes indicating pronouns are: -n for I, -(l)met for
Anga1'ato "iron champion" "Champion of Iron"
we, and -lye for thou. When using we, the I in (l)met may
Telperinquar "silver fISt" "Fist of Silver"
take the place of the plural r. Examples using the verbs to
Cuiviintn " awakening valley" "Yalley of the Awakening"
be and to behold appear below.
DUnadan "west man" "Man of the West"
present past
nan I am nen I was Plurals are formed by adding i to words ending with
nalmet we are nelmet we were one or more consonants. Words ending in. vowels have r
narye thou art nerye thou wert added to make them plural, excepting those ending in e;

elan I behold elen I beheld

which becomes i,
elalmet we behold elelmet we beheld elen "star" eleni IIstars"
k "leaf' ksi "leaves'�
elarye thou beholdest elerye'thou didst behold
imperative mir "jewel" miri "jewels"
future
nUllan I will be nen I am! a/Ja "tree" alJar IItrees"

mlmet we are! Jalma "wave" Jalma1' "waves"

nUllalmet we will be
nUllarye thou wilt be nerye thou art! Jana "cl�)Ud" Janya1' "clouds"
loki' "serpent" loki "serpents"
elullan I will behold elen I behold!
l6melinde' "nightingale" l6melindi "nightingales"
elu�almet we will behold elelmet we behold!
elullarye thou wilt behold elelye thou beholdest
 The possessive is formed by dropping the final vowel, A verb begins a sentence only if it is emotionally
if any, and adding o. Plurals do not drop the final vowel, charged.
. and the sufftx -on is added. Nai hiruva/ye Valimar,
Vartia VarJo "Varda's" May it be that thou shalt find Valimar.
Calacirya Calaciryo "Calacirya's" Auta i lCme1
Nienna Nienno "Nienna's" Passing is the night! -The Silmarillion, p. 190
Silmarilli Silmarillion "of the Sihnarils" The subject is the noun following the verb, if the noun
aiJar aiJaron "of the trees" before the verb has a prepositional suffIX.
janyar janyaron " of the clouds"
sindanOriello caita mamie' ijalmalinnar
Prepositional elements are located atthe end ofQuenya from grey country lies darkness the waves upon
words, but the final vowel is not dropped. Prepositional (darkness from the grey country lies upon the waves)
suffIXes are -0, -ello, -esse meaning "from" or "in."
Oiolosse· Oiolosseo "from Everwhite" SINDARIN GRAMMAR
42 Sintianori Sintianoritllo "from .grey country" Sindarin and Quenya evolved from a common primeval
L6rien L6rientiesse Uin L6rien" language. Although they diverged in grammar, vocabu­
Alqualondi AlqualonJeo "from Alqualonde" lary, and pronunciation across the millenia, many ele­
ments, such as the use of suffIXes to indicate grammatical
Cuivienen Cuiviinentiesse "in Cuivienen"
information, remained similar. An overview of Sindarin
The dual element, signifYing two of an object, IS forms and structures follows.
conveyed by adding a t at the word's end.
VERBS
maryat "her two hands".
Each Sindarin verb can be conjugated in six tenses. The
us two"
"
met
general form is:
Most adjectives precede the noun to which they refer. present: root + a imparative: root + 0
Plural nouns must have plural adjectives. Changing the past: root + ant participial: root + iel
final vowel to e or adding e turns a single adjective into a future: root + ath auxiliary: root + i
plural one.
Several examples using the verbs to be, to glorify, and to
!inte)uiJar swift draughts
listen follow:
!isse mi1'Uvoreva sweet nectar
present past future
SENTENCE STRUCTURE na 15 nant was nath will be
Quenya sentences typically take one of three forms.
eglera glorify rglerant glorified eglerath will glorify
The following examples, save one which is cited, are taken
lasta listen lastant listened lastath will listen
from the Song oj the Elves Beyond the Sea in LotR I (p, 489).
imperative participial auxiliary
subject - verb - object no bel nitl being ni have been
hlsie' untupa Calaci1Yo mfn
eglero glorify! rgleritl glorifying eglen have glorified
mist covers Calacirya's jewels
lasto listen! lastiel listening lasti have listened
object -- verb - subject
tier undulave lumbule To indicate that the pronoun I is the subject, a vowel
roads drowned (by) heavy shadow and -n are added as below:
object - subject - verb present: root + on
maryat Ekntan ertane' past: root + en
her two hands Star-queen lifred up future: root + ath + on
Verbs only occur at the ends of sentences if they are auxiliary: root + in
questions.
Note these examples:
Sf man i yulma nin enquantuva?
Now who the cup for me will refill?
present past
non I am nen I was
egleron I glorify egleren I glorified
laston I listen lasten I listened
future auxiliary
nathon I will be nin I have been
rglerathon I will glorify eglenn I have glorified
lastathon I will listen lastin I have listened
 Many Sindarin roots can be extrapolated from the When "from" or "of' is stated, the Sindarin word 0
phrases appearing in Tolkien's work. A listing of some stands alone, rather than being positioned as a suffIX as in
examples follows: Quenya. .
cheb keep lin chant o menel "from heaven"
cui live n be, exist Celebrimbor 0 Eregion "Celebrimbor of Hollin"
Jar halt nal cry
SENTENCE STRUCTURE
dir gaze nor ride Sindarin sentences typically take one of four forms.
ech make on give
object - verb - .$ubject
edr open ped speak Ie linnathon - LotR 1, p. 3 Z 2
egler glorify teith draw (to) thee chant-will-I
hir fmd pm slant down (the subject pronoun is a suffIX to the verb)
last listen tir watch verb - object
NOUNS na vedui DUnadan - LotR 1, p. 280
Sindarin plurals are formed by changing the vowels in (it) is (at) last DUnadan 43
the word. In general, stressed a becomes e, unstressed a verb - subject
becomes ai, and 0 becomes e, i, or y. noro lim, noro lim, Aifaloth! - LotR 1, p. 284
adan "man" eJain "men" ride on, ride on, Asfaloth!
amon "hill" emyn "hills" subject - verb - object
annon "gate" m�n "gates" Naur dan i ngaurhoth! - LotR 1, p. 390
aran "king" erain "kings" Fire take the werewolves!
barad "tower" beraid "towers" Verbs are usually followed by their modifiers, which
Jan "wright" Jain "wrights" may be located at the end of the sentence.
malL>rn "gold-tree" meUyrn "gold-trees" Cuio i Pherian annan! - LotR 1, p. 285
Onod "Ent" Enyd "Ents" Live the Halflings long!
orch "Ore" yrch "Orcs"
orod "mountain" ereJ "mountains"
9.3 ELVISH WRITING
ras "hom" rais "horns"
The following material is intended to help the GM get
Collective plurals (those signifying all of a set of a grip on the Tengwar, the lettering style most commonly
things) are formed by adding -ath or, referrring to peoples, used among the learned folk of western Endor.
-rim. THE TENGWAR (LETTERS)
elenath "all the stars" Tengwa letters are of the Feanorian style used among
pheriannath "the whole race of Ha1flings" many peoples. Each letter is composed of a stem and a
Galadrim "all the Tree-folk" bow. Variations on the theme result in the rise (9-1 6) or
Rohirrim "all the Masters of the Horses" reduction (17-24) ofthe stem, and the opening or closing
Angmarim "all the Men of Angmar" of the bow. (I, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21 and 3, 7, I I, IS, 19, 23
are open bowed.)
An augmentive suffix, -on, is added to nouns to
The CQlumn concerning alternate use depicts sounds
indicate that the modified object or concept is very great. used in mannish tongues other than Westron. The GM
aearon "great sea" should beware, however, that these uses apply to most
umbaron "great doom" written languages in the West, and widespread modifica- .
bauglirno "mighty constrainer" tions are the rule. Illiterate cultures, groups from the wild
Taurno "Great Forest" lands, beasts, and the minions of Darkness, when they are
so inclined, have their own manner of writing.
Prepositional dements usually follow the noun they
See LotR, Appendix E for a thorough discussion of the
modify. The concepts " of' and "of the" are often implied
material digested below.
by word order alone.
Annon edhellen "Portal (of the) Elves"
Fennas nogotbrim "Gateway (of) Dwarf-folk"
 Compound vowds (diphthongs) - The Sindarin
Letter Westron Alternate Elven sound diphthongs are ai, at, ti, oe, ui and au. They are
1 - 'P t t pronounced in one syllable as follows:
2 - .,.. P P P al - as "aye"; rhymes with rye.
3 - 'I c k k
ae - no proper equivalent; use " ai" sound
4 - 7f' k kw k*
S - yn d d d; nd in Quenya el - as "ay"; rhymes with grey.
6 - "fA' b b b; mb in Quenya oe - as " 01." ; rhymes Wi·th boy.
7 - Uf g j**; ng in Quenya Ul - as "ooi"; rhymes with ruin.
8 - "" g gw hard g; ngw in Quenya au - as "ow" ; r hymes Wi·th hOW; eqUlv
. alent
9- � th th hard th (e.g., thin)- of "aw."
10- b- f f f; v if at end of word
1 1- d. sh kh sh** As noted above, all other vowels are pronounced
12- 'd. ch khw/hw kh separately. (See Section 9.1 for more on Elvish Pronun­
dh dh soft th (e.g., these) ciation.)
44 13- m
14- )D. v v v; fused at'word's end VOWELS IN WRITING
IS- c:4 zh gh zh** Originally, the marking ofTengwa vowels was handled
1 6- � gh ghw/w gh** exclusively through the use of signs or tehtar. Most
17- m n n n languages still follow this practice, although a number of
18- m. m m m Elven variants (e.g., the Mode of Beleriand found on
19- 04 n ng n; begins word Moria's West-gate) employ separate letters for vowel
20- tB. nw nw w; voiceless alt. sounds.
, 21- " r r weak r (e.g., rock) A tehta's base form represents a short vowel. Placement
22- u. w w voiced w (e.g., wolf) is dependent on the language's use of end sounds for
23- G< Y Y Y as a consonant words. If the language is like Sindarin, where words
24- tt Y Y y; voiceless normally end with a consonant, the signs are placed over
2S- 'i r r rh; trilled r (e.g., fur) the following consonant. Where words normally end
26- 1i r rh rh; or rd in Quenya with vowel sounds (e.g., Quenya), the signs are placed
27- 't" 1 1; voiced (e.g. let) over the preceding consonant. In cases where no conso­
28- � 1h Ih; voiceless nant is placed over the "shott carrier" symbol that takes
29- � s s s; voiceless (e.g., so) the place of the letter.
30- , s s variant of 29 Long vowels are handled in two ways: (I) by doubling
31- � z z Z'* or modifying the sign itself; or (2) moving the sign over
32- � z z variant of 3 I the "long carrier," the connection piece between two
33- � h sh h consonantal letters that is used in lieu of a missing
34- d. w hw hw; voiceless in Quenya consonant. The first procedure can prove difficult, for
3S- ),. Y Y variant of 23 certain doubled signs (e.g., a double accent or dot being
36- � w w variant of 22 used for "y") do not indicate the long equivalent of the
*Occasionally used in LotR in place,of "c" for emphasis. single sign; still, most languages conform to the rule.
**A sound not used in Sindarin. The following are not the most common signs to
-A spoken "s" in Quenya. denote vowels. Like the consonantal letters, there is no
true fixed value, since they vary depending on language.

VOWELS Sign (tehta) Vowel Equivalent Sign

.. a ,I,
Sounds - Most languages in Middle-earth seem to /
use the traditional sounds for the basic vowels i, e, a,
/
0, u. Sindarin also uses a y and a fronted u, the latter
e
? u ;0
written as it and pronounced as the u in lune (e.g.,
p 0 :;
LhUn).
Short vowels - All vowels are shott if unmarked (but Y
II w (for au, QU, aw, ou) ,."
see compound vowels below).
Long vowds - In Sindarin they are normally shown
by using the accent mark (e.g., NUmenor). In the
case of the fronted u or vowels in stressed monosyl-
lables, a circumflex is used (e.g., UdUn). Long
vowels in other languages are depicted by various
accompanying diacritic marks (e.g., B.S. NazgUl; Q.
Aule; Har. MUmakil).
9.4 ELVISH-ENGUSH an (ana)(na) - (Q.) "to, towards." aryoll - (Q.) "heir."
DICTIONARY an(d) - (Q.) "long." as- - (Q.) "sun, sunlight."
anea (anka) - (Q.) "jaws." asmalinde - (Q.) "yellow-bird."
A anda - (Q.) "long." assa - (Q.) "hole, opening."
ab-, abar - (Q.) "refuse" or "deny." andamundo - (Q.) "elephant." asto - (Q.) "dust."
adan (pt edain) - (S.) "Man."
ando - (Q.) "gate." ata - (Q.) "again, re-, back."
aderthad - (S.) "reuniting."
andon (pt andoni) (Q.) "great
- atan (Pt atani) � (Q.) "Man."
adu (du) - (S.) "double, two." gate." atar (pt "atari'') (Q.) "father."
-

aeg - (S.) "fierce, cruel." andUne - (Q.) "sunset, west." athir - (S.) "spy."
aelin - "lake, pool." ang - (S.) "iron." athrad - (S.) "ford."
aew - (S.) "bird." anga - (Q.) "iron." -ato - (Q.) suffix "-er" used to
aglar - (S.) "glory, brilliance." angaina - (Q.) "of iron." . �e
a verb mto a noun; e.g., nor to
aiglos - (S.) "icicle." angamando - (Q.) "iron prison." ride" becomes norato "rider."
aika - (Q.) "sharp." angband - (S.) "iron prison." atsa - (Q.) "catch, hook, claw." 45
aikale - (Q.) "peak." ango (pt angwi) - (Q.) snake atta - (Q.) "two."
ailin - (Q.) "pool, small lake." angul6ke - (Q.) "dragon." aur (or re) - (S.) "day."
,

aina - (Q.) "holy." anna - (Q.) "giEt." aure - (Q.) "sunlight, day."
ainu (pt ainur) - (Q.) "holy (one)." annon (pt ermyn) - (S.) "great door auta - (Q.) "devise, originate, invent."
ainulindale - (Q.) "Song of or gate." ava - (Q.) "outside, re-, back."
Creation," lit. "Music of the anor - (S.) "sun, sunlight." avar (pt Avari) - (Q.) "unwilling,
Ainut." refuser." Denotes "the Refusers,"
anta - (Q.) "present, give."
aiqa - (Q.) "steep." the non-Elda Quendi.
annUn - (S.) "sunset, west."
aira - (Q.) "reddish,
apa - (S.) "after." avak6ma - (Q.) "outside existence,
coppery colored." the Void."
apsa - (Q.) "cooked food."
aire - (Q.) "sea" (see tar below).
ar- - (Q.) "beside, outside." B
aista - (Q.) "to dread."
ar(a)- - (Q.) "high, noble, royal." bal- - (S.) "power."
' " - (Q.) "small b'ird."
alwe
The prefix Ar"" used for the band - (S.) "prison, duress."
wa - (Q.) "narrow cleft, ravine, AdUnaic names of the Kings of bar - (S.) "dwelling."
defile." NUmenor. bar(a) - (S.) "brown."
aIak- (alag-) - "rushing." -ar, -aro - (Q.) �ufflX "-er" used to barad (pt beraid) - (S.) "tower."
(a)lamle - (Q.) "ehn-tree." make a verb into a noun; e.g.,
ortan "to uplift" becomes ortanaro
bas - (S.) "bread."
ala- - (Q.) "not."
"uplifter." bauglir - (S.) "constrainer, forcer."
alasse - (Q.) "joy, merriment."
ara - (Q.) "dawn." be - (S.) "is, are"; see also til; i.
alata - (Q.) "radiance."
aran - (S.) "king." bel - (S.) "divine."
alda - (Q.) "tree."
beleg - "mighty."
alka - (Q.) "ray of light." arato - (Q.) "champion,
eminent man." beleth - (S.) "queen."
alkar - (Q.) "glory, brilliance."
arda - (Q.) "realm." beth - (S.) "word."
alkarinqa - (Q.) "radiant."
are (pt ari) - (Q.) "day." bar - (S') "fist."
alma - (Q.) "wealth, good fortune." ,
are - (Q.) "sunlight." bragol - (S.) "sudden."
alph - (S.) "swan." .
arle.. - (Q.) "dayt'Ime." brethil - (S.) "silver birch."
alqua - (Q.) "swan."
arien - (Q.) "of the Sun." Refers to brith - (S.) "gravel."
alta - CQ.) "large, huge."
the Maia. brui - (S.) "loud, noisy."
alya - (Q.) "prosperous, rich, . . "
arm - (Q.) "mornmg.
fortunate." C
arinya - (Q.) "early morning."
am- - (Q.) "up" (prefix). eabed - (S.) "gorge, leap."
arka - (Q.) "narrow."
amarth - (Q.) "doom." eabor - (S.) "frog." .
arma (pt armar) - (Q.) "good,
amba - (Q.) "upwards" (adv.) calen - (S.) "green."
possession."
ami! (amme) - (Q.) "mother." arta - (Q.) "walled place, fort,
cam - (S.) "hand."
amme (ami!) - (Q.) "mother." fortress." carak- - (S.) "fang."
amon (Pt emyn) - (S.) "hill." arthe - (S.) "realm." caran - (S.) "red."
ampa - (Q.) "hook." -arwa - (Q.) "in control of, carcharoth - (S.) "red maw."
ampai:J.o - (Q.) "wooden building." possessing" (suffix). carag - (S.) "tooth"; see also carak-.
amrUn - (S.) "sut1rise, east." arya - (Q.) "day" (12 houts). caras - (S.) "city."
anar - (Q.) "sun." See Anarion. carea - (Q.) "fang."
 earch (earak) - (S.) "fang." E emil � (S.) "prince."
carne - (Q.) "red." ei - (S.) "is, are." erya - (Q.) "single, sole."
cassa - (Q.) "helmet." ear - (Q.) "sea." esgal - (Q.) "screen, hiding."
ceber - (S.) "spike." earen - (Q.) "inner sea." esgar - (Q.) "reed-bed."
cel - (S.) "running." ecruant - (S.) "made, shaped." eske - (Q.) "rustling noise."
.. f{
celeb - (S.) "silver." echor - (S.) "encircle." esse - (Q.) "begmrung.
· · name.
chaint (caint) - (S.) "shape." echuir - (S.) "stirring." essea - (Q.) "primary."
chit (hit) - (S.) "heir." edain (sing. adan) - (S.) "Men." esta - (Q.) "first, to name."
chost (cost) - (S.) "tooth." edhel - (S.) "EI£" este - (Q.) "rest."
dr (pL cair) - (S.) "ship." edro - (Q.) "open." estel - (S.) "hope."
cirith - (S.) "pass" (terrain). egla(th) - (S.) "forsaken." estolad - (S.) "encampment."
drya (kir-� - (S.) "sharp-prowed ehte (ekko) - (Q.) "spear." et - (S.) "out."
shIp. ' ehtele - (Q.) "spring (of water)." ethir - (S.) "outflow, delta."
46 dryatan (drdan) - (S.) "ship­ ehtyar (pL ehtari) - (Q.) "spearman" ethuil - (S.) "springtime."
wright." (see obtar).
F
coimas - (Q.) "life-bread." eithel - (S.) "well, spring."
faika - (S.) "despicable,
coire - (Q.) "first beginning of eket - (?) "short sword."
contemptible."
spring, stirring."
el, elen - (Q.) "star." According to faina- - (Q.) "emit light."
collo - (Q.) "cloak." Elvish legend, ele was a primitive
faire- - (Q.) "radiance."
cormallen - (Q.) "golden circle." exclamation "beholdl" made by
the Elves when they first saw the falas - (S.) "shore, line of surt."
coron - (Q.) "mound."
stars. From this origin derived the falasse - (Q.) "shore, line of surt."
crist - (S.) "cutter, hewer."
ancient words el and elen, meaning Falla - (Q.) "foam."
cU - (S.) "bow."
"star," and the adjectives e/Ja and falma - (Q.) "(crested) wave."
cuivie - (Q.) "awakening." elena, meaning "of the stars."
faImar - (Q.) "water-nymph."
cul- - (Q.) "golden-red" in CuiUrien. These elements appear in a great
fan(g) - (S.) "beard."
curu - (Q.) "skill." many names. The Sindarin
equivalent of E/Ja was Elbel fana - (S.) "cloud, aura."
D (plural ElbiO; but the strictly fanga - (Q) "beard."
dacil - (S.) "victor." corresponding form was EleJb, fanui - (S.) "cloudy."
dae - (S.) "shadow." which occurs in EleJbwen.
fanya - (Q.) "cloud, aura."
daio - (Q.) "shadow." elenclri - (Q.) "star-queen."
faroth - (S.) "hunter, pursuer."
dagor - (S.) "battle." elerma - (Q.) "star-crowned."
farya- - (Q.) "suffice."
dagnir - (S.) "bane." elrond - (Q.) "star-dome."
fasse - (Q.) "tangled hair."
dal - (S.) "foot." emer - (Q.) "shepherd."
fasta - (Q.) "tangle."
dan· (tan, pL dain) - (S.) "smith, ened, enedh, ende, enya, endya, ende
faug - (S.) "gape."
wright." - (Q.) "middle."
fauka - (Q.) "open-mouthed,
dannedh (danwedh) - (S.) "ransom." -en- - (S.) "of'; see also -i-, -in-, na.
thirsty."
dar� - (Q.) "stop." engwa - (Q.) "sickly."
fea - (Q.) "spirit."
del - (S.) "horror." enqe - (Q.) "six."
feal6ke - (Q.) "spirit-drake,
deloth - (S.) "abhorrence." enta - (Q.) "on the farther side, spark-dragon."
den - (Q.) "gap, passage." that yonder" (adj.)
felag - (S.) "cave."
denie - (S.) "lament." ephel - (S.) "outer fence."
felya- - (Q.) "cave."
dim. - (S.) "gloomy." er - (Q.) "one, alone."
fen (pL fennas) - (S.) "portal, door."
din - (S.) "silent." ereb - (Q.) "isolated."
fenda- - (Q.) "threshold."
dirnen - (S.) "guarded." erebor - (Q.) "lonely mountain."
feren:, ferne- - (Q.) "beech."
dol - (S.) "head, hill summit." eresse - (Q.) "solitude."
feuya- - (Q.) "abhor."
eressea - (Q.) "lonely."
dolen - (S.) "hidden." filit (pL fiIiki) - (Q.) "small bird."
elerina - (Q.) "star-crowned."
dor - (S.) "land." fun - (S.) "thin, slender."
draug - "wolf." erde - (Q.) "seed."
fin- (fine) - (Q.) "hair."
dring - (S.) "hammer." erer (edr-) - (S.) "open."
finde - (S.) "braid of hair."
drU - (S.) "wild." erka - (Q.) "prickly spine."
finwe- - (Q.) "hair-man," name of
du - (S.) "night, dimness." erka- - (Q.) "to prick." the first Noldo leader.
duin - (S.) "(long) river." erkasse - (Q.) "holly."

dUn - (S.) "west."

dar - (S.) "dark."
fire (pt firi) - (Q.) "mortal man." gwaith - "people" in Gwaith-i�M{,.kin; hdwa - (Q.) '�(pale or cold) sky."
fir(i) - (S.) "mortal." cf. Enedwaith "Middle-folk," name hen'- (S.) "eye."
fIrima - (Q.) "mortal" (adj.) of the land between the hendi - (Q.) "eye."
Greyflood and the !sen.
firin - (Q.) "dead." hera - (Q.) "chie£ principal, main."
gwath (wath) - "shadow."
firn - (S.) "dead" (pl. noun). heren - (Q.) "fortune."
firya - (Q.) "human." H herenya - (Q.) "blessed, fortunate;
formen - (Q.) "north." habar - (S.) "digging, excavation." rich."
flad - (S.) "skin." hae -,- (s.) "far" (distance). heri - (Q.) "lady, mistress."
for (fom, forod) - (S.) "north." hadhod - in HaJhod,.ond (translation hero - (Q.) "master." "Lord" in
formaite - (Q.) "right-handed, of KhazaJ�dum) was a rendering of Herumor, Herunumen; Sindarin hi,.
dexterous." Kha.zad into Sindarin sounds. in Gonnhimm, Rohimm, Ba,.ahir; blril
hahta - (Q.) "pile, mound." "lady" in f[fri/orn.
formen(ya) - (Q.) "north."
haira- - (Q.) "remote, far, faraway" (-)hildi - (Q.) "followers." Refers to
fom (forod. for) - (S.) "north,
(adj.) "the followers," or mortal men.
right."
hilya - (Q.) "to follow." 47
forya - (Q.) "right." hala - (Q.) "(small) fish."
fuin - (S.) "gloom, darkness."
halatir - (Q.) "kingfisher." him - "cool" in Him1aJ.
halda - (Q.) "hidden, veiled, hlni - "children."
G screened, shadowed." hit - (S.) "lord."
gaer - (S.) "sea." halya- - (Q.) "conceal, veil, screen, hiril - (S.) "lady."
gal - (S.) "to shine." hide." hiruva - (S.) "fmd."
galvom (hdevorn) - (S.) "black ham- - (Q.) "sit." hfsie - (Q.) "mist."
glass." handa- - (Q.) "intelligent, learned." hiswa - (Q.) "misty grey, foggy."
galad - (S.) "radiance." ,
handasse- - (Q.) "intelligence." ruth - (S.) "mist."
galadh - (S.) "tree." hande- - (Q) "understanding, ho - (Q.) "from."
galen - (S.) "green." knowledge." hon - (Q.) "heart."
gaur - (S.) "werewolf." handde- - (Q.) "intellect." hoIm'"e -:-- (S.)" "0dor."
gaya - (Q.) "awe, dread." hama - (Q.) "wounded." hollen - (S.) "closed."
gebir - (S.) "spike." hante - (Q.) "broke apart." hopa - (Q.) "haven."
gil - "star." hanya- - (Q.) "understand, discern, hore - (Q.) "impulse."
gfr - (S.) "ship." comprehend."
horea - (Q.) "impulsion."
girith - (S.) "shuddering." hanu - (S.) "male."
horme -:- (Q.) "urgency."
glam - (S.) "foe." har- (ham, harad) - (S.) "south."
horta - (Q.) "urge, send flying."
glin - "gleam" (particularly applied (h)aran (Pt harni) -
(Q.) "chieftain." hortale - (Q.) "urging."
to the eyes) in MugUn.
(h)arma - (Q.) "a treasure, hosta- - (Q.) "large number."
glor - (S.) "gold" (color).
a valuable." hosta- - (Q.) "to collect."
gol - (S.) "cloak, mantle."
golodh (pt golodhrim, gdyth) - (S.) hama - (Q.) "wounded." hoth - (S.) "host, horde" (nearly
harna- - (Q.) "wound, tear." always in a bad sense).
"knowledge, wisdom." Refers to
"the knowledgeable" or "wise" (h)arwe - (Q.) "treasure, hoard." huan - (S.) "hound."
Elves. See gaL harwe - (Q.) "wound." huirte - {Q.) "gloom, darkness."
gon -(S.) "commander." (h)arya - (Q.) "possess." huo - (Q.) "hound."
gond - (S.) "stone." (h)aryon --,- (Q.) "heir." huor(e) - (Q.) "courage,
gor - (Q.) "horror, dread." stoutness of heart."
hat- (terhat) - (Q.) "break apart."
goroth - (S.) "dread, horror." hwan (hwandi) - (Q.) "sponge."
haudh - "mound" in Haudh�m�Af'Wm,
goth -(S.) "enemy." Haudh�m�Elleth.
hwarin - (Q.)"crooked."
grist - (S.) "cutter, hewer." helda - (Q.) "stripped bare, naked." hwarma - (Q.) "crossbar."
grod - (S.) "ddving, heledh - (S.) "glass." hwesta - (Q.) "breath, breeze."
underground dwelling." hdevorn �alvorn) - (S.) "black hwesta- - (Q.) "to puff."
groth - (Q.) "ddving, glass. hwinde ....:.... (Q.) "whirlpool, eddy."
underground dwelling." helka - (Q.) "icy, ice-cold." hwinya- - (Q.) "gyrate, to swirl,
guin(ar) - (S.) "living." helk - (Q.) "ice-cold." eddy."
gUl - (S.) "sorcery." helk"e - (Q) . ""lce." hyalma - (Q.) "shell, conch."
gund -(S.) "cutter, hewer." helle - (Q.) "frost." hyapat - (Q.) "shore."
gur - "death" in Gurlhang. hdma - (Q.) "skin." hyarin - (Q.) "I cleave."
hyarmaite - (Q.) "left-handed."
 .
-m- - (S.) "o£"
. karakse � (Q.) "spike-hedge."
indo - (S.) "heart, kame (karani) - (Q.) "red."
mood." karo - (Q.) "achiever, actor."
indis - (Q.) "bride." kd- - (Q.) "go away," of water "flow
inga - (Q.) "first." away, flow down."
(i)ni - (Q.) "woman." kelma - (Q.) "channel."
intya- - (Q.) "guess, kelume - (Q.) "flow, stream."
suppose." kdva(r) - (S.) "animal(s), living
intya - (Q.) "guess, thing(s) that can flee."
supposition, idea." kemen (kem-, ken) - (Q.) "earth" in
intyale - (Q.) Knnmttiri; referring to the earth as
"imaginarion." a flat floor beneath menel "the
inya- - (Q.) "female." heavens."
-ir - (Q.) suffix "-er" kentano (kemnaro) - (Q.) "potter."
used to make a verb khdek - (S.) "ice."
into a noun; e.g., ran khil- (hil-) - "follow."
"to wander" becomes kilya - (Q.) "cleft."
randir "wanderer."
, - (Q.) '"1temal." kir- - (Q.) "cut, cleave."
lra
kirisse - (Q.) "slash, impale."
1S
· il - (Q.) "moon."
kirka - (Q.) "sickle."
1sta-
· - (Q.) "know."
kirya (cirya) - (Q.) "ship."
istar (pt istari) - (Q.)
"Wise (One), Maia kor - (S.) "ariser, he who arises."
Wizard." korko - (Q.) "crow."
· .
1Stuna- - (Q.) "WlSe,
. korna - (Q.) "round, globular."
learned, knowledge­ koromindo - (Q.) "dome."
able." koron - (Q.) "sphere, ball."
istyar (pt istyari) - (Q.) kosta - (Q.) "quarrel."
"learned one, kotumo - (Q.) "enemy."
scholar."
·
ku(a) - (Q.) "dove."
1ta- - (Q.) "sparkle."
ku - (Q.) "bow."
hyannen - (Q.) "south." 1.thi! - (S.) "moon. "
Gaur kuile - (Q.) "life, being alive."
hyannenya - (Q.) "southern." ithilnaur - (S.)
(Wmwoif) kuina - (Q.) "alive."
hyarya - (Q.) "left." "moon-fire."
kuive - (Q.) "(the or an) awakening."
hyaste - (Q.) "cleft, gash." K kuivea - (Q.) "(a)wakening" (adj.)
hyelle - (Q.) "glass." kaima - (Q.) "bed." kullo - (Q.) "red-gold."
I kaimasan (pt kaintasambi) - (Q.) kulina - (Q.) "flame-colored."
i (pt in) - (S.) "the" or "�, are." "bed-chamber."
kulu - (Q.) "gold (metal)."
kainen - (Q.) "ten."
-i(n)- - (S.) "of." kuluina - (Q.) "orange."
kal- (gal-) - (Q.) "shine."
indyo - (Q.) "descendant (specifically kuluinn - (Q.) "of gold."
grandchild).� kala - (Q.) "light." kuluma - (Q.) "an orange."
ia - (Q.) "bottomless void, endless kalina - (Q.) "radiance." k6ma - (Q.) "hole, void."
shaft, abyss" in Moria. kalma - (Q.) "lamp, a light." kumbe - (Q.) "mound."
iale - (Q.) "lasting." kalpa - (Q.) "water-vessel."
kundu - (Q.) "prince."
iant - (Q.) "bridge." kalta - (Q.) "shine."
kurwe - (Q.) "craft."
iath - (Q.) "fence." kambe - (Q.) "hollow (of hand)."
iaur - (Q.) "old." kane - (Q.) "valor." L
iavas - (S.) "autumn." kano - (Q.) "commander," the origin Ia (laume) - (Q.) "no, not."
il- - (Q.) "no, not." of the second element in Fingon lad - (S.) "plain, valley."
ilfirin - (Q.) "immortal." and Turgon. laden - (S.) "wide."
i1in - (Q.) "pale blue." kan(ta) - (Q.) "four." laer - (S.) "summer" or
iluve - (Q.) "the whole, the all" in kanta- - (Q.) "to shape." "song, lament."
Iluvatar. kanya - (Q.) "bold." laike - (Q.) "acuteness, perceptivity."
ilya - (Q.) "all, the whole." kar - (Q.) "deed." Jaime - (Q.) "shade."
.
1m - (S ) "between" or "deep."
• Icir - (Q.) "head." lain - (S.) "thread."

in - (S.) "narrow." kar- - (Q.) "do."

 .
laiqa , (Q.) "green." lin- - (Q.) "sing, make a musical M
lair..e - (Q) . "poem." sound," as in AinulinJali; Laurelin, mab - (S.) "hand."
laira - (S.) "shady." linJaf", lintion, Ered lintk.n, iOmelindi.
maar (vagor) - (S.) "swordsman."
laive - (Q.) "ointment." linda - (Q.) "fair, beautiful." mae govannon - (S.) "well metI"
. linda - (Q.) "sweet-sounding." (greeting).
laiwa - (Q.) "Slckly.
' "

lala - (Q.) "to d�y."

lindale - (Q.) "music." maeg - (S.) "sharp, piercing."
lalaith - (S.) "laughter." linde - (Q.) "tune, singing, song." mahta- - (Q.) "fight (with a
Iama - (Q.) "echo, ringing." lindo,, (pt "lindor") - (Q.) "singer, weapon)."
songbird." maiIe (Q.) "lust."
lamba - (Q) . "tongue."
__
lindomea - (Q.) "graced with many maiIea (Q.) "lustful."
wwna - (Q ) "echomg. ' "
1! '__
•
oak trees." maite (pl maisi) - (Q.) "hand."
�th - (S.) "echoing voices." ·
linga- - (Q) . "hang."
lamm (lammen) - (S.) "tongue." maika - (Q.) "sharp, piercing."
lingwe - (Q.) "fish." maiwe- (Q.) "gull."
lamma - (Q.) "sound."
linna - (S.) "foaming."
lamya - (Q.) "to sound." makar - (Q.) "tradesman." 49
linqe·· - (Q.) "wet." makil - (Q.) "sword."
lapsa - (Q.) "to lick." ·
linya - (Q) . "poo1." maksa - (Q.) "soft, pliable."
landa - (Q.) "wide."
lir - (Q)
· . "row."
lanta - (Q.) "a fall." makse - (Q.) "dough."
lirin - (Q.) "I sing, I chant."
lango - (Q.) "broadsword, mal- - (Q.) "gold" or "golden circle."
lis(sen) - (Q.) "honey." malda - (Q.) "gold."
ship's prow."
lith - (S.) "ash." malinda - (Q.) "yellow."
lanko - (Q.) "throat."
litse - (Q.) "sand."
lanne.- (Q.) "cloth." malle- - (Q.) "street."
, - (Q)
live . "Sl'ckness."
lanya - (Q) . "weave." malo - (Q.) "yellow powder."
10, - (Q) . '"rught."
lara - (Q.) "flat." malwa - (Q.) "pale."
loa - (S.) "growth, (Mannish) year." mJin- - (Q.) "good, blessed,
las (pl lassi) - (S.) "leaf."
lok- - "bend, loop." unmarred" in Aman, Manwe;
las (pl lassi) - (S.) "leaf."
loke - (Q.) "serpent, snake." derivati�es of Aman, in Amandil,
"",se•• - (Q.) "ear."
L_
lokse - (Q.) "hair." Af"aman, Umanyaf".
lasta - (Q.) "listen." , - (S.) "echo."
lom mande (manad) - (Q.) "fate, doom,
latta - (Q.) "pit, hole." end."
lome - (Q.) "night-time,
lauka - (Q) . "warm." mandos - (S.) ".JUdge."
,
shades of night."
laure - (Q.) "gold" (color). manka- - (Q.) "trade."
lomelinde - (Q.) "dusk-singer,
lav- - (Q.) "yield, allow, grant, nightingale." mankale.. - (Q) . "commerce."
pennit."
lona - (Q.) "dark." manu - (Q,) "departed spirit."
leo - (Q.) "shadow."
lond (Ionn) - (S.) "harbor, haven." mapa - (Q) . "setze.
. "
lembas - (S.) "journey-bread."
.. londe - (Q.) "harbor, haven." mar (mbar) - (Q.) "dwelling."
1empe - (Q) . "filve."
lor - (S.) "gold" (color). maranwe.. - (Q) . "destmy.
. "
lende- - (Q.) "left."
los(se) - (Q.) "snow." marta - (Q.) "fated."
1epse- ·· - (Q) . "fimger."
, loss - (S.) "snow." marya - (Q.) "pale."
lesta- - (Q) . "to 1eave."
lost - (S.) "empty." masta - (Q.) "bread."
leuka- - (Q.) "loosen, slacken." , e.. - (Q)
Iot . "flower." masta- - (Q.) "bake."
lhach - (S.) "leaping flame."
loth - (S.) "flower." mat- - (Q) . "eat."
lhaw - (S.) "ear."
lUke - (Q.) "enchantment." mbando - (Q.) "prison."
lhug - - (S.) "snake." , ·· - (Q) .
Iume . "t'une." megil - (S.) "sword."
lhan - (S.) "blue."
. luin - (Q.) "blue." meglivom - (Q.) "black bear."
-li - (Q.) "many."
lumbe - (Q.) "gloom." mel- - (Q.) "love."
lia - (Q.) "fine thread, silk thread,
lumna - (Q.) "burdensome, heavy, mellon - (S.) "friend."
spider thread." oppressive, ominous." mely� (melian) - (S.) "dear gift."
liante - (Q.) "spider."
lumna- - (Q.) "to lie." men - (Q) . "way" m. Ivumen,
"', Hyarmen,
-lie '" - (Q) . "peop1e."
. lung - (S.) "heavy." R6men, Fonnen.
lilta- - (Q.) "dance." , - (Q)
lunga - (Q.) "heavy." mena . "regton.
' "
limpe - (Q.) "wine."
. lunte - (Q.) "boat." menel - (Q.) "the heavens" in
lin, - (Q) "poo1, mere."
•
lusta - (Q) . "empty." MeneLlil, Menelmacaf", Meneltarma.
lussa- - (Q) . "to whisper." mente - (Q)
. '"pomt, end."
-
lusse (Q.) "whispering sound." mere - (Q)
. "WlS. h, desrre.
. "
 mereth - (S.) "feast" in Mmtb N -(n)dur - (S.) "devotion, disinter­
AJertbaJ; also in Mn-etbrond. the na - (S.) "of." ested love." An adjective, it is a
Hall of Feasts in Minas Tirith. rui(n) - (Q.) "but." very frequent ending for personal
. merka - (Q.) "wild, fierce." names.
naer - (S.) "dreadful."
merya - (Q.) "feast." neithan - (S.) "deprived, wronged."
oahta (Q.) "a bite."
meryale - (Q�) "holiday." nelde - (Q.) "three."
nai - (S.) "maybe."
met (meth) - (S.) "last, end." neldor - (S.) "beech."
naike - (Q.) "sharp pain."
mi- (Q.) "in, within." nelet (nelki) - (Q.) "tooth."
naikele - (Q.) "painful."
miksa- (Q.) "wet." nen - (Q.) "water, pool, lake,
naina- - (Q.) "lament."
milka- (Q.) "greedy." lagoon."
naire - (Q.) "lament."
milme (Q.) "desire, greed." nenda - (Q.) "sloping."
naman··e· - (S.) "£arewell. "
milya- (Q.) "long for." nende - (Q.) "slope."
naimba - (Q.) "a hammer."
min(e)(ya) (9,) "first." nan(d) - (Q.) "valley" in Nan
nengwe - (Q.) "nose, nasal."
50 minas - (S.) "tower." Dungortbeb, Nan Elmotb, Nan Tatbren.
ner (pt neri) - (Q.) "adult male."
minda- (Q.) "conspicuous, nerte·· - (Q.) '"orne."
nanda (Q.) "watered plain."
prorninent." nessa - (Q.) "young."
. nande - (Q.) "a harp."
Minhiriath-- (S.) "between the nesse - (Q.) "youth."
Nanduhirion - (S.) "vale of dim
rivers" the region between the streams," the Dimrill Dale. nessima - (Q.) "youthful."
Brandywine and the Greyflood.
. oar - (Q.) "ftre." See Narsi/, Narya; ngwaw - (S.) "howl."
nunna (Q.) ". InSl·de. "
and the original forms of Aegnor ni - (Q.) "I."
mindo- (Q.) "isolated tower." (Aikanaro "Sharp Flame" or "Fell ni - (Q.) "female."
minqe - (Q.) "eleven." Fire") and Fianor (Feanaro "Spirit nib(in) - (S.) "petty, small."
mir - (S.) "jewel." of Fire"). nien - (S.) "mourning, sadness."
mire - (Q.) "jewel" in Elemm{re: naraka - (Q.) "harsh, violent." nieninque - (Q.) "snow-drop."
miril (Pt mirilli) - (Q.) "shining narda - (Q.) "knot." nim - (S.) "white."
jewel." narmo - (Q.) "wol£" Din - (S.) "wet."
mirilya- - (Q.) "glitter." nam - (Q.) "story, tale."
ninde - (Q.) "thin."
mirima- (Q.) "free." narqe�on - \Q.� " autumn," literally ninniach - (S.) "rainbow."
,
miruvor - (S.) "mead, ale." fire-fading.
ninque - (Q.) "white."
miste (Q.) "fme rain." naru - (Q.) "red."
nirwa - (Q.) "cushion, lean against."
mith - (S.) "grey" in Mitblcnd, nasse - (Q.) "thorn, spike."
niphred - (S.) "pallor."
Mitbrandir, Mithrim; also in nasta- - (Q.) "prick."
Mitbeitbel, the river Hoarwell in
Dire (nie) - (Q.) "tear."
natse- - (Q.) "web, net."
Eriador. nim(aeth) - (S.) "tear(s)" (noun).
naug - (S.) "Dwarf' in Naugrim; see
mity!l (Q.) "interior" (adj.) nis(se) (pt nissi) - (Q.) "female."
also Nogrod in entry grotb. Related
miule (Q.) "whining." is another Sindarin word for nisse - (Q.) "beside."
moina (Q.) "familiar, dear." "Dwar£" Nogotb, plural Noegytb nite - (Q.) "moist, dew-coverecL"
. mol (Q.) "slave." (Noegytb Nibin "petty-dwarves") no - (Q.) "beget."
and Nogothrim. noa - (Q.) "conceive o£ think,
mor(e)(i) - (Q.) "black." "Dark" in
Mordor, Morgotb, Moria, Moriquendi,
nauko - (Q.) "Dwarf." imagine."
Mormegil, Morwen, etc. naule - (Q.) "wolf-howl." nogoth (pt noegyth, nogothrim) -
morchaint - (S.) "dark shapes." naur - (S.) "fire." (S.) "Dwar£"
mordo (Q.) "shadow, obscUrity." nauta - (Q.) "bound, obliged." nola - (Q.) "wise, learned."
more (Q.) "night, blackness." neuma - (Q.) "snare.." noldo (pt noldor) - (Q.) "wise."
Refers to "the knowledgeable" or
morgul - (S.) "black arts." neuna - (Q.) "second."
neuro - (Q.) "successor." "wise" Elves.
morko (Q.) "bear."
ndaedelos - (S.) "fear." nole (Q.) "long study, lore, knowl-
moma (Q.) "gloomy, somber." edge." See also gaL
mota (Q.) "toil, work, labor." ndengin - (S.) "dead" (pl. noun).
nolwe (Q.) "wisdom, secret lore."
moth - (S.) "dusk" in Nan Elmotb. -(n)dil - (S.) "friend, devotion,
disinterested love." An adjective, nore (no, ono) - (Q.) "people, dan."
motto - "blot." nore - (Q.) "land, dwelling place,
, it is a very frequent ending for
mu (Q) . "no, not. ; regional abode."
personal names.
muile (Q.) "secrecy." nomo - (Q.) "oak."
ndola - (Q.) "knoll."
muina (Q.) "hidden; secret." norsa - (Q.) "giant."
ndu - (Q.) "down, from on high" in
mundo -'- "snout, nose." Quenya numen. not- - (Q.) "reckon."
note.. - (Q.) "number." os(tXto) - \';2.) "city, walled town, pin(�th) - (S.) "ridge(s), slope(s)."
nulla (nulda) -;- (Q.) "secret, fortress. pirya - (Q.) "juice, syrup."
,
obsrure. osse - (Q.) "terror." piuta - (Q.) "spit."
nfunen - (Q.) "west," literally "the ossiriand - (Q.) "land of seven poika - (Q.) "clean."
way of the sunset." rivers" (from the stem of the polda - (Q.) "strong. stout, burly."
n6n - (Q.) "beneath" (adj.) numeral "seven," Quenya otso,
por - (Q.) "rut."
nnra - (Q.) "deep." Sindarin ado).
otoron (pI. otoroni) - (Q.) "sworn pore - (Q.) "flour."
mite - (Q.) "bond, knot."
brother, blood-brother." punta - (Q.) "stopped consonant."
nwalka - (Q.) "cruel." pusta- - (Q.) "to stop, cease."
otso - (Q.) "seven."
nwalya- - (Q.) "to tonnent." putta - (Q.) "stop (in punctuation)."
oy - (Q.) "everlasting."
nyano - (Q.) "rat."
nyare - (Q.) "tale, history, saga." p Q
nyarin - (Q.) "I tell." panda - (Q.) "enclosure." qualin - (Q.) "dead."
nyelle - (Q.) "bell." palan - (Q.) "far and wide" in qualme - (Q.) "agony, death."
51
nyello - (Q.) "singer." palant{ri, Tar-Palantir. qualme - (Q.) "agony, death."
palantiri - (Q.) "seeing stones," quame - (Q.) "sickness."
o literally "those that watch from quanta - (Q.) "full."
0- - (Q.) "together." afar." quar(i) - (Q.) "hand."
-0 - (Q.) suffix "-er" used to make a palIa - (Q.) "expanslve.. "
quare - (Q.) "fist."
verb into a noun; e.g., lin "to Palm"e - (Q.) " sur..1
race."
sing" becomes linda "singer." quelet(si) - (Q.) "corpse."
palUre - (Q.) "the landscape." quelle - (S.) "fading."
ohta - (Q.) "war." palya - (Q) "spread open."
ohtar - (S.) "warrior." quende (pI. quendi, quendelie) -
pano - (Q.) "piece of shaped wood." (Q.) "EI£" literally "speaker."
oio - (Q.) "ever."
panta ":"'" (Q.) "to unfurL" quen- - (Q.) "say, speak."
olor - (Q.) "dream."
panya- - (Q.) "set, fix." quenta - (Q.) "record, story." Fallen MAia
0105 - (Q.) "snow."
parka - (Q.) "dry."
olosse - (Q.) "(flowery) snow"
parma - (Q.) "book,"
(poetic).
parmalambe - (Q.)
olva(r) - (S.) "plant(s), growing "Quenya," literally
thing(s) with roots in the earth."
"book language."
olwa - (Q.) "branch, limb."
parth - (S.) "field, sward."
oma - (Q.) "voice."
pasta - (Q.) "smooth."
oman - (Q.) "voweL"
pe, - (Q) . "mouth."
ondo - (Q.) "stone."
pedo - (S.) "speak."
onod - (S.) "Ent."
pel- (Q) "go ;ound,
onta - (Q) "create, beget." enClrcle.
,
onruo - (Q.) "parent, begetter." pelargir - (Q.) "garth
orch (pI yrch) - (S.) "Orc, Goblin, (enclosure or harbor)
(lesser) demon." of royal ships."
ore - (Q.) "rising." pelennor - (Q.) "fenced
orko (pI. orqi) - (Q.) "Orc, Goblin, land."
(lesser) demon." pelori - (Q.) "mountain
orme - (Q.) "(vengeful or impetu­ fence, fenced heights."
ous) haste, violence, wrath." pende - (Q.) "downslope;"
om - (S.) "tree" in Celeborn, H{rilcrn; per- - (Q.) "half' (prefix).
cf. Fangorn "Treebeard," and peredhel (pt peredhil) -
mallcrn, plural meUyrn, the trees of (S.) "Half-el£"
Lothl6rien.
perian (pt perianath) -
oma - (Q.) "hasty." (S.) "Halfling,
oro- - (Q.) "high, height, rise, up." Hobbit."
orto - (Q.) "summit." pertorog (pI. pertereg) -
orod (pI. ered) - (S.) "mountain." (S.) "Half-troll."
oron (pI. oronti) - (Q.) "mountain." perya - (Q.) "divide in
orta - (Q.) "rise, raise." hal£"
orto- - (Q.) "summit." pilind (pI. pilindi) - (Q.)
(I "
arrow.
 quesse - (Q.) "feather." riI - (Q.) "brilliance" in lirit Silmari4 S
quet - (Q.) "speak." also in Anduril (the sword of saira- - (Q.) "wise."
Aragorn) and in mitbril (Moria­
quetta - (Q.) "word." sairon - (Q.) "wizard:'
silver). Idril's name in Quenya
quinga - (Q.) "bow." salpa- - (Q.) "sip, lick up."
form was ltarilli (or ltarilde), from
R a stem ita� "sparkle:' salqe - (Q.) "grass."

ra (pL ravi) - (Q.) "lion." rilma - (Q.) "glittering light." sambe - (Q.) "room, chamber:'

raen - (S.) "wandering." rilya - (Q.) "glittering. brilliance." sammath - (S.) "chambers:'

rim - (S.) "great number, host." samoo - CQ.) "carpenter, builder,

raika - (Q.) "bent, crooked, wrong."
woodwright."
rais - (S.) "peaks." rimba - (Q.) "numerous, frequent."
sanda - CQ.) "abiding, true, fmn."
raime - (Q.) "hunt, hunting." rimbe (rimba) - (Q.) "great number,
host:' sanga - CQ.) "press, throng."
raka - (S.) "woI£"
rimpa - (Q.) "rushing, flying" sangwa - (Q.) "poison:'
ram(mas) - (S.) "wall."
rin - (S.) "memory, remembrance." sanka - (Q.) "split, cleft."
rima - (Q.) "wing."
52 rina - (Q.) "crowned." sanya - (Q.) "obedient, normal,
ramha - (Q.) "wall."
law-abiding."
rama.loke - (Q.) "wing-serpent, rinda - (Q.) "circular:'
sanye - (Q.) "rule, law."
flying dragon." rinde - (Q.) "circle:'
sar (pL sardi) - (Q.) "small stone."
ran- - (S�) "wander, stray." ring - (S.) "cold, chill" in Ringil,
sara - (Q.) "bitter."
rana - (Q.) "moon," literally Ringwil, Himring.
ringe - (Q.) "cold, chill." sam - (S.) "(small) stone."
"wanderer, strayer."
rinke - (Q.) "quick shake, flourish." saura - (Q.) "foul, putrid"
randir - (S.) "wanderer, pilgrim."
ris(t) - (S.) "cleave:' sauron - (Q.) "abhorred."
rangwe � (Q.) "fathom."
rista - (Q.) "a cut" sava - (Q.) "juice."
ranko (pL ranqi) - (Q.) "arm."
rista- - (Q.) "cut" sdde- - (Q.) "daughter:'
rant - (S.) "course" in the river­
names Adurant (with adu roch (pL rech) - (S.) "horse:' senda- - (Q.) "resting, at peace,
"double") and Celebrant repose."
rog - CS.) "demon:'
("Silverlode"). -ser - (Q.) "friend" (suffIX).
rohan - (S.) "horse-land:'
ranya - (Q.) "to stray." sere- - (Q.) "rest, peace."
roina - (Q.) "ruddy:'
ras (pL rais) - (S.) "horn" sereg - (S.) "blood" in St1'egon.
roita- - CQ.) "pursue."
(as in mountain peak). serm- - CQ.) "I rest."
rokko - (Q.) "horse."
rasat - (Q.) "twelve." serke - (Q.) "blood."
rom- - CQ.) "trumpet sound:'
rasse - (Q.) "horn" sermo (seron) - (Q.) "friend."
roma - (Q.) "loud sound,
(as in mountain peak).
trumpet sound." si - (S.) IInow."
rast - (S.) "shore, strand."
romba - CQ.) "hom, trumpet." sl(n) - (Q.) "now."
rath - (S.) "river bed" or "street."
romen - (Q.) "uprising, sunrise, sikil - (Q.) "dagger, knife:'
raug - (S.) "demon."
east:' sil- - "shine (with white or silver
rauko - (Q.) "demon." light)" (as in variant thil-).
romenya - CQ.) "eastern:'
rauta - (Q.) "metal." silme - CS.) "shine silver, silver light."
rona - CQ.) "east."
rava - (Q.) "wild." sinda (pL sindar) - (Q.) "Grey-eI£"
ronda - (Q.) "cave."
rem - (S.) "net, mesh." sinde - (Q.) "grey."
rond - (S.) "dome, vaulted or arched
rena - (Q.) "edge, hem, border." root roofed chamber:' sinta - (Q.) "short."
rerm - (Q.) "I sow." ronyo - (Q.) "chaser." sinya - (S.) "new."
,. i '
rhandir - (S.) "pilgrim:' roquen (pL requain) - (S.) "knight." Str - I nver."
rhiw - (S.) "winter." .
ros - CS.) "foam, spindrift, spray:' str- - (Q.) "flow."
rhUn - (S.) "east." rosse - (Q.) "fme rain, dew:' sirannon - (S.) "gate-stream:'
rie - (Q.) "crown." roth - (S.) "digging, excavation." siril - (Q.) "creek, rivulet."
rid - (Q.) "garlanded maiden." rudh - (S.) "bald." sirith - (S.) "flowing."
rif - (S.) "treebark." ruin - CS.) "red flame" in Orodmin. sir- - CQ.) "flow:'
rig- - (Q.) "twine, wreathe." runda - (Q.) "club, siule - CQ.) "incitement."
rihta- - (Q.) "jerk, twist." rough piece of wood." solor - (Q.) "sur£"
runya - (Q.) "red flame:' soron (some) (pL somi) -
russe - CQ.) "polished or finished (Q.) "eagle."
met.J, blade:' star - (Q.) "point" or "land" as in a
ruth - (S.) "anger" in Aranroth. penninsula
suhto - (Q.) "draught." taur - (S.) "wood, forest."
sukin - (Q.)"I drink." taure - (Q.) "wood,
sUl- "wind." forest."
sulka - (Q.) "tuber, edible root." tea - (Q.) "road,
sw e _ (Q)
L.'" . "breath." straight line."
s6lime - (Q.) third month of the year tehta - (Q.) "sign,
a mark,
sul6 - (Q.) "goblet."
diacritic symboL"
sungwa - (Q.) "drinking-vesseL"
teke .:....- (Q.) "writes."
suya- - (Q.) "breathe."
tekil - (Q.) "pen."
T td(de) - (Q.) "end."
ta - (Q.) "that, it." "Finish, end,
taina - (Q.) "lengthened, extended." be last" in Teleri.
taita - (Q.) "to prolong." telima - (Q.) "final."
take - (Q.) "he fastens." tdcontar - (S.) "strider."
tal- (ill) - (Q.) "foot." tdep - (Q.) "silver."
talan - (Q.) "floor, ground." tdepsa (tdpina) - (Q.)
"of silver."
talath - "flat lands, plain" in Talatb
Dirnm, Talatb RhUnm. tder (pI. teleri) - (Q.)
"Sea-elf."
tallune (talrunya) - (Q.) "sole of the
foot." telko - (Q.) "leg, stem,
stalk."
talma - (Q.) "foundation, base,
root." tdla - (Q.) "hindmost,
last."
talta - (Q.) "incline." As adj.
"sloping, tilted, leaning." tdme - (Q.) "hood."
talta- - (Q.) "to slope." tdpe (telep) - (Q.)
"silver" in TeZperion.
tambaro - (Q.) "woodpecker."
tdume - (Q.) "dome"
tamin - (Q.) "I tap."
(especially referring to
. tampa - (Q.) "stopper." heavens).
tanka - (Q.) "fl1'I11, fixed, sure."
telumehtar - (Q.)
tankil - (Q.) "brooch." "Orion," literally "warrior of the thol - "helm." !boron
tano -(Q.) "craftsman, smith." sky." thon - "pine-tree" in Dortbonion. (E4gle)
tanta- - (Q.) "double." tema - (Q.) "row, series, line." thond - (S.) "root."
tanwe - (Q.) "construct, device, ten - (Q.) "path, course, line, thonid - (S.) "kindler" (female).
creation of craft." direction, way." thor - (S.) "torrent."
tape -(Q.) "he stops." tengwa - (Q.) "letrer." thoron - (S.) "eagle."
tar- -(Q.) "high," prefix of the tenkde - (Q.) "writing system." thur(ing) - (S.) "secret."
Quenya names of the tere - (Q.) "through." tikse - (Q.) "dot, point" (as mark).
NUmen6rean Kings; also in teren (terene) - (Q.) "slender:'
Annatar. Feminine tan "she that is
til(de) - (Q.) "point, hom."
high, Queen" in Elmtan, Knnmtan.
tereva - (Q.) "fme, acute." tin- - (el.) "sparkle."
Cf. tarma "pillar" in MeneZtanna. thalion - "strong, dauntless," in tinda - (Q.) "glinting."
Cutbalion, Ibalion.
tara - (Q.) "lofty." tinde - (Q.) "a glint."
thanc - (S.) "fang." tine - (Q.) "it glints."
tari -(Q.) "high-queen."
thang - (S.) "oppression." cinko - (Q.) "metal."
tarka - (Q.) "hom" (animal).
thar- - (Q.) "athwart, across."
tarma - (Q.) "pillar." tinta - (Q.) "cause to sparkle,
thara-pata - (Q.) "crossway." kindle."
taro - (Q.) "high-king."
tharbad - (S.) "crossway." tintina - (Q.) "it sparkles."
tarya - (Q.) "tough, sti[f."
thaur(on) - "abominable, abhorrent." tinme - (Q.) "sparkle, glint."
tasare - (Q.) "willow" in Tasarinan,
Nan-tasanon.. thiach (siach) - (S.) "ford." . tinwe - (Q.) "spark."
tathar - "willow"; adjective tatbrm in thil - (S.) "shine."
Nan-tatbrm. thlio - (Q.) "to glisten."
tatya- - (Q.) "repeat, to double." thin(d) - (S.) "grey" in IbingoL
 tir - (Q.) "watch, guard, watch over." u vanya -,- (Q.) "beautiful."
tirin - (Q.) "I watch." u - (Q.) "not" (in an evil or oppOSQJg Vanya (pL Vanyar) - (Q.) the Fair
. tirion - (Q.) "watch-tower." context). Elves
tirith - (S.) "watching." uial - (Q.) "twilight." vara - (Q.) "dirty, soiled."
titu - (Q.) "tiny, little." uile - (Q.) "seaweed, trailing plant." varna - (Q.) "safe, secure."
tiuka - (Q.) ·"thick, fat." uin - (Q.) "I do not." varne (varni-) - (Q.) "deep brown."
tiuko - (Q.) "thigh." ulya- - (Q.) "pour." ve - (S.) "as."
tiuya- - (Q.) "swell, grow." umarth - (S.) "ill-fate." Yea - (Q.) "adult, manly."
t6 - (Q.) "wool." umb - (S.) "hollow" (noun). veaner - (Q.) "adult man."
toa - (Q.) "woollen" (adj.) umbar - (Q.) "fate, doom." veasse - (Q.) "vigor."
tol (pL toUe) - (Q.) "isle." umin - (Q.) "am not." vedui - (S.) "last."
tolto - (Q.) "eight." ungo - (Q.) "dark cloud." yeo (-we) - (Q.) "man."
t6pa - (Q.) "roof." ungol - (S.) "spider." verie - (Q.) "boldness."
54 t6pa- - (Q.) "to roof." ulgund6 - (Q.) "deformed creature, verka - (Q.) "wild."
torech - (S.) "lair." hideous beast." verno (pL vernor) - (Q.) "husband."
ungwe - CQ.) "gloom." veru - (Q.) "married couple."
toron (pL toroni) - (Q.) "brother."
torog (pI. tereg) - (S.) "Troll." ungwale - (Q.) "torture." verya - (Q.) "bold."
unqale - (Q.) "agony, death." verya- - (Q.) "to dare."
tuia - (Q.) "sprouts, springs."
tuile - (Q.) "springtime." unqe - (Q.) "hollow." vesse - (Q.) "wife."
tuilindo (tuilelin6) - (Q.) "spring- usqe - (Q.) "reek." vesta - (Q.) "marriage, matrimony."
sihger, swallow." � - (Q.) "fire." vesta- - (Q.) "to wed, to swear,
tukin - (Q.) "I draw." - ur- - (Q.) "heat, �e hot." contract."
tuIin - (Q.) "I come." uri'n - (Q.) "sun." vestale - �Q.) "wedding ceremony,
,
tulka - (Q.) "strong, firm, steadfast." urul6ke - (Q.) "fire-serpent, dragon." oath.

tulko - (Q.) "support, brace." Uruva (uruite) - (Q.) "fiery." vie - (Q.) "manhood, vigor."

tum - (Q.)."valley" in TumhalaJ, urya- - (Q.) "blaze." vilwa - (Q.) "the air."
Tumladen. Also note Utumno, uvanimo - (Q.) "monster." vilya - (S.) "sky."
which in Sindarin is Udun (a uve - (Q.) "abundance." vin(ya) - (S.) "new."
name used afterwards for the vinde - (S.) "pale blue, grey-blue."
uvea - (Q.) "(very) abundant."
deep dale in Mordor between the
vilta- - (S.) "fade."
Morannon and the Isenmouthe). V
vinya - (S.) "evening."
(In Moria, Gandalf named the vaiwa - (Q.) "wind."
Balrog "Flame of UdUn.") vista - (S.) "air" (as a substance).
vahta- - (Q.) "to soil."
tumbalemorna - (Q.) "black deep vol' - (S.) "black."
val- - (Q.) "power" in Valar, Valadrca,
. valley." Valaquenta, Valaraukar, Val(0marJ vor- - (Q.) "continual" (prefix).
tumbo - (Q.) "valley." Valinor. voro - (Q.) "ever, continually."
tumpo - (Q.) "hump." vala (pL valar) - (Q.) "power, god" vorima - (Q.) "continual,
tundo - (Q.) "hill, mound." valaina (pL valainar) - (Q.) "divine." repeated(ly). "
tuo - (Q.) "vigor, physical strength." valarauko (pL valaraukar) - voronwa - (Q.) "lasting, enduring."
tupse - (Q.) "thatch." (Q.) "demon of might" voronwie - (Q.) "endurance,
(S. = "balrog"). durable."
tur - (S.) "power, mastery."
rure - (Q.) "power, mastery." valasse - (Q.) "divinity." W
turin - (Q.) "I control, I govern." valie (pL valier) - (Q.) "feminine waen - (S.) "stain."
power, Vala Queen."
turma - (Q.) "shield." wath - (S.) "shadow."
valinor - (Q.) "land of the powers."
tussa - (Q.) "bush, shrub." -we (veo) - (Q.) "man." A ftequent
valya - (Q.) "having divine power name ending. as in Manwe.
tyalangan - (Q.) "harpist."
and/or authority."
tyalie - (Q.) "sport, game, play." wen (wende) - (Q.) "maiden." A
van (pL vani) - (Q.) "goose." ftequent name ending, as in
tyar - (Q.) "cause."
vanima - (Q.) "fair." Eiirwen, Morwen.
tyavin - (Q.) "I taste."
vanimo (pL vanimor) - wen- (Q.) "youthful, fteshness."
tyelka - (Q.) "swift, agile."
(Q.) "beautiful child." wene- (Q.) "virginity."
tyulma - (Q.) "mast."
vanta - (Q.) "a walk." wenya - (Q.) "spring green, light
vanta- - (Q.) "to walk." green, yellow green, ftesh."
wing - (Q.) "foam, spray, 9.5 ENGUSH-ELVISH au�entative prefix - g- (5.)
wave-crest."
DICTIONARY augmentative suffix - -on (5.)
wiIwarin (pt wilwarindi) - autumn - iavas (S.)
(Q.) "butterfly." A autumn - yavie (Q.)
y
abhor - feuya- (Q.)
autumn (lit. "fire-fading") -
ya - (Q.) "ago, there." abhorred - sauron (Q.) narqelion (Q.)
ya - (Q.) "ago, fonnerly."
abhorrence - deloth (S.) awakening - cuivie, coire (Q.)
yaiwe - (Q.) "mock." (to) abide - mar� (Q.) awakening - echui, echoir (S.)
yalme - (Q.) "clamor." abiding, true, firm - sanda (Q.) awakening (the or an) - kuive (Q.)
yal6mea - (Q.) "olden." -able - -ime (Q.) (a)wakening (adj.) - kuivea (Q.)
yana - (Q.) "that" (the fonner).
abominable, abhorrent - awe, dread - gaya (Q.)
thaur(on) (S.)
yana - (Q.) "holy place, sanctuary." B
abominable, abhorrent -
yanga- - (Q.) "to yawn." shaur(on) (Q.) bake - masta- (Q.)
yanta - (Q.) "yoke." abundance - uve (Q.) bald - rudh, rudh (5.) 55
yar (yaren) - (Q.) "blood." abundant (very) - uvea (Q.) bane - dagnir (5.)
yara - (Q.) "ancient." abyss - ia (Q.) barrow - tUr, pI. tyro (5.)
yare - (Q.) "elder times, achiever, actor - karo (Q.) battle - dagor (Q.)
fonner days." battle - ndak (5.)
across - thar- (Q.)
yaresse - (Q.) "once upon a time." base (floor) - talma (Q.)
across - thrad (S.)
yat (yaht-) - (Q.) "neck." base (floor) - talum (5.)
acuteness, perceptivity - laike (Q.)
yatta - (Q.) "isthmus, narrow neck."
adult male - ner, pI. neri (Q.) (to) be - n- (Q 5.)
yave - (Q.) "fruit." be it that - nai (Q.)
adult man - veaner (Q.)
yavie � (Q.) "autumn." bear - morko (Q.)
adult, manly - yea (Q.)
yawe - (Q.) "ravine, deft, gulf" beard - fan(g) (5.)
after - apa (S.)
yelda (yelme) - (Q.) "friendly, dear."
after-name - epesse (Q.) beard'- fanga (Q.)
yelde (-iel) - (Q.) "daughter." beautifid child - vanimo,
again, re-, back - ata (Q.)
(y)ello - (Q.) "shout." pI. vanimor (Q.)
age, become old, w�ar out -
ydma - (Q.) "loathing." . yerya (Q.) beautifid (ever young) - vana,
yelta- - (Q.) "to loathe." ago, formerly - ya (Q.) vana (Q.)
yelwa - (Q.) "loathsome." ago, there - ya (Q.) because (for) - an (Q.)
yen (pt yeni) - (S.) "year" agony, death - qualme (Q.) bed - kaima (Q.)
(Elvish year of! 44 years).. bed-chamber - kaimasan,
agony, death - unqale (Q.)
yen (yen-) - (Q.) "year." pI. kaimasambi (Q.)
air (as a substance) - vista (S.)
yenya - (Q.) "last year." beech .- feren, feme- (Q.)
(the) air - vilwa (Q.)
yerna - (Q.) "old, worn." beech - neldor (5.)
alas - ai (Q.)
yerya - (Q.) "age, become old, wear beget - no (Q.)
out." alive - kuina (Q.)
�eginning, name - esse (Q.)
all, the whole - ilya, ilye (Q.)
Yesta - (Q.) "deslre.
. " (to) behold - aiy- (el-) (Q.)
(the) all - iluve (Q.)
yondo (-ion) - (Q.) "son." bell - nyelle (Q.)
yUla - (Q.) "ember, am not - umin (Q.)
bend, loop - lok- (Q.)
smoldering wood." ancient - yara (Q.)
beneath (adj.) - nUn (Q.)
yUlma - (Q.) "brand." and - a (S:)
bent, crooked, wrong - raika (Q.)
yUlme - (Q.) "smoldering heat." and - ar (Q.)
beside - nisse (Q.)
yUyo - (Q.) "both." anger - ruth (S.)
beside, outside - ar- (Q.)
animal(s), living thing(s) that can flee
- kelva(r) (S.) between the rivers - minhiriath (5.)
April - Viresse (Q.) between - imbe (Q.)
are - nar (Q.) between, deep - im (5.)
arm - ranko, pI. ranqi (Q.) b�ond (the borders of) - pella (Q.)
arrow - pilind, pI. pilindi (Q.) birch - brethil (Q.)
as - ve (5.) bird - aiwe (Q.) .
ash - lith (5.) bird - aew (5.)
athwart (across) - thar- (Q.) (a) bite - nahta (Q.)
bitter - sara (Q.)
 black, dark - mor(eXi) (Q.) burdensome, heavy, oppressive, .co�der - kano (Q.)
black, dark - vor (S.) ominous - lumna (Q.) commerce - mankale (Q.)
. black arts - morguI (S.)
bush, shrub - tussa (Q.) conceal, veil, screen, hide -
black bear - meglivom (Q.) but - na(n) (Q.) halya- (Q.)
black deep valley - butterfly - wilwarin, conceive of, think, imagine -
tumbalen:lOrna (Q.) pI. wilwarindi (Q.) noa (Q.)
black glass - galvom, helevorn (S.) C conspicuous, prominent -
blaze - urya- (Q.) minda- (Q.)
carpenter, builder, woodwright -
blessed, fortunate, rich - herenya, samno (Q.) constrainer, forcer - bauglir (S.)
aman, man (Q.) catch, hook, claw - atsa (Q.) construct, device, creation of craft -
blood - sereg, agar (S.) tanwe (Q.)
cause to sparkle, kindle - tinta (Q.)
blood - serke, yar, yaren (Q.) consumer (maia) - vasa (Q.)
cause - tyar (Q.)
bloodstained - agarwaen (S.) continual (prefix) - vor (Q.)
cave - felag (S.)
blossom - lote (Q.) continual, repeated(ly) - vorima (Q.)
56 cave - felya-, ronda (Q.)
blossom - loth (S.) cooked food ,- apsa (Q.)
c�bers - sammath (S.)
blot - motto (Q.) cool - him (S.)
champion, eminent man - arato (Q.)
blue - lhun, luin (S.) channel - kelma (Q.)
corpse - quelet(si) (Q.)
. courage, stoutness of heart -
blue - luine, luin (Q.) (to) chant - lin (S.)
huor(e) (Q.)
boat - lunte (Q.) chaser - ronyo (Q.)
course - rant (S.)
bold - kanya, verya (Q.) chief, principal, main - hera (Q.)
boldness_ verie (Q.) (to) cover - untup- (Q.)
chieftain - (h)aran, pI. harni (Q.)
craft - kurwe (Q.)
bond, knot - mite (Q.) children hini (Q.)
-,--
craftsman, smith - tano (Q.)
book language, Quenya - children - hln (S.)
parmalambe (Q.) create, beget - onta (Q.)
chill - ring (S.)
book - parma (Q.) creek, rivulet - siril (Q.)
circle - rinde (Q.) crooked - hwarin (Q.)
both - ytiyo (Q.) circular - rinda (Q.)
bottomless void, endless shaft, abyss crossbar - hwarma (Q.)
city - caras (S.)
- ia (Q.) crossway - thara-pata (Q.)
city, walled town, fortress -
bound, obliged - nauta (Q.) crossway - tharbad (S.)
os(t)(to) (Q.)
bow - ru (S.) crow - korko, pI. korkor (Q.)
clamor - yalme (Q.)
bow - ku, luva, quinga (Q.) crow - craban, pI. crebain (S.)
clean - poika (Q.)
braid ofhair - fmde (S.) crown - rie (Q.)
cleave - ris(t) (S.)
branch, limb - olwa (Q.) crown - rhl (S.)
cleaver - crist, grist, kris (S.)
brand - yUlma (Q.) crowned - rlna (Q.)
cleft - kilya (Q.)
bread - bas (S.) cruel - nwalka (Q.)
cleft - cirith, cir (S.)
bread - masta (Q.) (to) cry - nall- (Q.)
cleft, gash - hyaste (Q.)
, break apart - mound - haudh (S.) cushion, lean against - nirwa (Q.)
cloak - collo, gollo (Q.)
breath - sUle (Q.) cup - yulma (Q.)
cloak, mande - gol (S.)
breath, breeze - hwesta (Q.) (a) cut - rista (Q.)
closed - hollen (S.)
breathe - suya- (Q.) cut - rista- (Q.)
cloth - Ianne (Q.)
breeze - hwesta (Q.) cut, cleave - kir-, cir- (Q.)
cloud, aura - fana, fan (S.)
bride - indis (Q.) cutter, hewer - crist (S.)
cloud, aura - fanya, pI. fanyar (Q.)
bridge - yanta (Q.) cutter, hewer - grist, gund (S.)
cloudy - fanui (S.)
bridge - iant (S.) club, rough piece of wood - D
brilliance - rilde, rille (Q.) runda (Q.) dagger, knife - sil- (S.)
brilliance - ril (S.) coast - falas, falath (Q.) dance - Wta- (Q.)
broadsword, ship's prow - cold, chill - ring (S.) (to) dare - verya- (Q.)
lango (Q.) cold, chill - ringe (Q.) dark cloud - ungo (Q.)
broke apart - hante (Q.) (to) collect - hosta- (Q.) dark shapes - morchaint (S.)
brooch - tankil (Q.) collective plural suffix - -rimbe (Q.) dark - dCtr (S.)
brother - toron, pI. toroni (Q.) collective plural suffix - -ath, dark - lona (Q.)
brown - bar(a) (S.) -rim (S.) darkness - huine (mornie) (S.)
bull - mundo (S.) commander - gon (S.) darkness - fuin (s.)
daughter - seide, ydde (-id) (Q.) dome (esp. referring to heavens) - eastern - romenya (Q.)
daundess - thalion (S.) telume, telluma (Q.) eat ":'" mat- (Q.)
dawn - ara (Q.) dome - koromindo (Q.) echo - 10m (S.)
day (12 hours) - arya (Q.) dome, vaulted or arched roof, roofed echo, ringing - Iama (Q.)
day - are, pI. ari (Q.) chamber - rond (S.) echoing voices - lammath (S.)
day - aur (or, re) (S.) doom - amarth (Q.) echoing - Iamina (Q.)
daytime - arie (Q.) doom - umbar, ambar (S.) edge, hem, border - rena (Q.)
dead (pI. noun) - fim (s.) door - fen, fennas, annon, eight - tolto (Q.)
pI. ennyn (S.)
dead (pI. noun) - ndengin (s.) dder times, former days - yare (Q.)
dot, point (as mark) - tikse (Q.)
dead - ftrin (Q.) dephnt - andamundo (el.)
double - tanta- (Q.)
dead - qualin (Q.) deven - minqe (Q.)
double, two - adu, du (S.)
dear gift - mdyanna (melian) (s.) Elf (lit. "speaker') - Quende, pI.
dough - makse (Q.) Quendi, Quendelie (Q.)
death - gurth (gur) (S.)
dove - ku(a) (Q.) Elf - Edhd (S.) 57
December (lit. "cold-days") -
Ringare (Q.)
down, &om on high - ndu, nu (Q.) elm-tree - (a)lamle (Q.)
deed - kar (Q.) (to) down-lick - undulav- (Q.) ember, smoldering wood - yUla (Q.)
deep - bUle (bale, mira) (Q.) (to) down-roof- untup- (Q.) emit light ---: faina" (Q.)
deep brown - vame (varni-) (Q.) downslope - pende (Q.) empty - lost (S.)
deformed creature, hideous beast - dragon - anguloke (Q.) empty - Iusta (Q.)
ulgundo (Q.) draught - suhto, yulda, encampment - estolad (S.)
ddving. underground dwelling ­ pI. yuldar (Q.)
enchantment - lUke (Q.)
grod (S.) (to) draw - teith- (S.)
encircle - echor (S.)
ddving. underground dwelling ­ (to) dread - aista (Q.)
(to) encircle - pel (Q.)
groth (Q.) dread, horror - gaya (Q.)
enclosure - panda (Q.)
demon of might - valarauko, pI. dread, horror - goroth, gor (S.)
end --::- met (S.)
valaraukar (Q.) dreadful - naer (S.)
end, be last - tel(de) (Q,)
demon - raug. rog (S.) dream - olor, olos (Q.)
endurance, durable - voronwie (Q.)
demon - rauko (Q.) dreamy - olosta (Q.)
enemy - goth (S.)
' (to) deny - laIa (Q.) drinking-vessd - sungwa (Q.)
enemy - kotumo (Q.)
departed spirit - manu (Q.) (to) drown - undulav- (Q.)
Ent - Onod (S.)
deprived, wronged - neithan (S.) dry - parka (Q.)
(to) enter - minn- (S.)
descendant (specifically grandchild) dusk - lome (Q.)
-er - -ar, -aro, -ato, -ir, -0; suffIXes to
- indyo (Q.) dusk - moth (S.) make a verb into a noun; e.g., "to
desire - yesta (Q.) dusk-singer, nightingale - leap" becomes "Ieaper."
desire, greed - milme (Q.) lomelinde (Q.) everUn:g - vinya (S.)
despicable, contemptible - faika (S.) dust - asto (Q.) even thou - elye (Q.)
destiny - maranwe (Q.) Dwarf - Naug, Nogoth, pI. Noegyth, ever - oio, oi (Q.)
devise, originate, invent - auta (Q.) Nogothrim (S.)
ever - ai, oiale (S.)
devotion, disinterested love - Dwarf - Nauko, pI. Naukor (Q.)
ever, continually - voro (Q.)
-(n)dur (S.) (to) dwell - mar- (Q.)
everlasting - oy (Q.)
digging. excavation - habar (S.) dwelling - bar (S.)
exalted - varda (Q.)
digging. excavation - roth (S.) dwelling - mar, mbar, -mar (Q.)
expansive - palla (Q.)
dimness - gwath, du, wath, weth (S.)
E eye - hen (S.)
dimrill dale, vale of dim streams -
eagle - soron, some, pI. sorni (Q.) eye - hendi (Q.)
nanduhirion (S.)
eagle - thoron (S.)
direction (way) - men (Q.) F
ear - Iasse (Q.)
dirty, soiled - vara (Q.) fade - vilta- (S.)
ear - lhaw (S.)
divide in half - perya (Q.) fading - quelle (Q.)
divine - bel (S.) early morning - arinya (Q.)
fading - firith (S.)
earth (as "the place') - arda (Q.)
divine - valaina, pI. valainar (Q.) fair (Elves) - Vanya, pI. Vanyar (Q.)
earth (as beneath the heavens) -
divinity - valasse (Q.) fair - vanima (Q.)
kernen, kem-, ken (Q.)
do - kar- (Q.) fair, beautiful - linda (Q.)
east :.---. rona (Q.)
dog (great) - huan (Q.) (a) fall - Ianta (Q.)
east - rhfut (S.)
familiar, dear - moina (Q.)
 fang - carca (caraxe) (Q.)
fang - thane, carch, carak, carak-,
carach (S.)
far (distance) - hae (S.)
far and wide - palan (Q.)
farewell - namarie (S.)
fate, doom - umbar (Q.)
fate, doom, end - mande, manad (Q.)
fated - marta (Q.)
father - atar, pI. atari (Q.)
father - adar (S.)
Father of All, God - lluvatar (Q.)
fathom - rangwe (Q.)
58 fear - ndaedelos (S.)
feast - mereth (S.)
feast - merya (Q.)
feather - quesse (Q.)
fell (adj.) - aeg (S.)
female - inya- (Q.)
female - nis( se), pI. nissi (Q.)
female - ill (Q.)
fence - iath (S.)
fence (outer) - ephel (S.)
fenced land - pelennor (Q.)
field. sward - parth (S.)
fierce, cruel - aeg (S.)
fiery - uruva, uruite (Q.)

Avar Elf fight (with a weapon) - mahta- (Q.)

final - telima (Q.)
find - hiruva (S.) flame (red) - runya (Q.) for (because) - an (Q.)
fine rain - miste (Q.) flame (red) - ruin (S.) ford - athrad, iach, siach, thiach (S.)
fine rain, dew - rosse (Q.) flame-colored - kulina (Q.) forest - taure (Q.)
fine thread. silk thread. spider thread flat lands, plain - talath (Q.) forest - taur (S.)
- lia (Q.) flat - lara (Q.) for ever - tennoio (Q.)
fine, acute- tereva (Q.) floor, ground - talan (Q.) forsaken - egla( th) (S.)
finger - lepse- (Q.) floor, ground - talum (S.) fortress - ost (Q.)
(to) fill - quant- (Q.) flour - pore (Q.) fortune - heren (Q.)
(to) find - utuv- (Q.) flow - stt- (Q.) foul, putrid - saura (Q.)
fire - nar (Q.) flow - dui (S.) foundation, base, root - talma (Q.)
fire - naur (S.) flow, stream - kelume (Q.) four - kan(ta) (0..)
fire-serpent, dragon - ut'u16ke (Q.) flower - lote, lot (Q.) free - mirima- (Q.)
firm, fixed. sure - tanka (Q.) flower - loth (S.) friend (suffix) - -ser (Q.)
first beginning of spring, stirring - flowing - sirith (S.) friend - mellon (S.)
coire (Q.) foam - falla (Q.) friend - sermo, seron (Q.)
first - inga, min(eXya) (Q.) foam, spindrift, spray - ros, roth (S.) friend. devotion, disinterested love -
first, to name - esta (Q.) foam, spray, wave-crest - wing (Q.) -(n)dil (S.)
first day - yestare (Q.) foaming - linna (S.) friendly, dear - yelda, yelme (Q.)
fish - lingwe (Q.) foe - glam (S.) frog - cabor (S.)
fish (small) - hala (Q.) (to) follow - hilya (Q.) from - ho, 0 (Q.)
fist - por, quare (Q.) follow - khil-, hil- (S.) from, out of - -ello, -llo (Q.)
fist - bor, paur (S.) followers, mortal men - (-)hildi (Q.)
'
from on high - ndu (Q.)
five - lempe (Q.) foot - tal-, til (Q.) frost - helle (Q.)
flame (leaping) - lhach, lach (s.) foot - dal (S.) fruit - yave (Q.)
full - quanta (Q.)
 G good, possession - anna, hav� - hopa (Q.)
gap, passage - den (Q.) pI. annar (Q.) having divine power and/or authority
gape - faug (S.) goose - van, pI. vani (Q.) - valya (Q.)
garlanded maiden - riel (Q.) gorge, leap - cabed (S.) he fastens - take (Q.)
garth (enclosure or harbor) of royal graced with many oak trees - he stops - tape (Q.)
ships - peIargir (Q.) lindomea (Q.) head - Icir (Q.)
gate - ando (Q.) grade - tyelle, pI. tyeller (Q.) head, hill summit - dol, dhol (S.)
gate - annon, pI. ennyn (S.) grass - salqe (Q.) hearing - !haw (S.)
gate-stream - sirannon (S.) gravel - brith (S.) heart - ore, hon (Q.)
(to) gaze - tir- (Q.) great door or gate - annon, heart, mood - indo (S.)
(to) gaze - dir- (S.) pI. ennyn (S.)
heat, be hot - ur- (Q.)
great gate - andon, pI.
andoni (Q.)
giant - norsa (Q.) heat, fire - Ur (Q.)
great number, host - rim (S.)
gift - anna (Q.) heaven - menel (Q.)
great number, host - rimbe,
(to) give - on- (S.) heavy - lung (s.) 59
rimba (Q.)
glass - heledh (s.) heavy - lunga (Q.)
greedy - milka- (Q.)
glass - hyelle (Q.) heir - (h)aryon, hil (Q.)
green - laiqa, lai (Q.)
gleam (particularly applied to the heir - chil, hil, red (S.)
green - calen, galen (S.)
eyes) - glin (S.) helm - thol (S.)
green mound - ezellohar (E.)
(a) glint - tinde (Q.) helmet - cassa (Q.)
grey - sinta (Q.)
glinting - tinda (Q.) here - Sl (S.)
grey - mith� thined) (S.)
glinting - bril (S.) hidden - dolen (S.)
grey-elf - sinde (Q.)
(to) glisten - thlio (Q.) hidden, secret - muina (Q.)
growth, (Mannish) year - loa (S.)
glitter - mirilya- (Q.) hidden, veiled, screened, shadowed -
guarded - dimen (S.)
glittering, brilliance - rilya (Q) halda (Q.)
guess, suppose - intya- (Q.)
glittering light - rilma (Q.) high - tar- (Q.)
guess, supposition, idea - intya (Q.)
glittering white - silivren (S.) high, height, rise, up - oro- (Q.)
gloom - ungwe, lumbe (Q.)
gull - maiwe- (Q.) high, noble, royal - ar(a)- (Q.)
gyrate, to swirl, eddy - hwinya- (Q.)
. gloom, darkness - fuin (S.) high-king - tiro (Q.)
gloom, darkness - huine (Q.) H high-queen � tiri (Q.)
gloomy - dim (S.) hair - fm-, fme (Q.) hill - amon, pI. ernyn (S.)
gloomy, somber - moma (Q.) hair - lokse (Q.) hill, mound - tundo (Q.)
glorious - alcarin, alkarinque (Q.) hair-man - fmwe- (Q.) hindmost, last � tella (Q.)
glorious - agIareb (S.) half (prefix) - per- (Q.) hither - nev (Q.)
glory, brilliance - alkar, alcar (Q.) half (prefix) - pher- (S.) hole, opening - assa (Q.)
glory, brilliance - aglar (S.) Half-elf - Peredhel, pI. Peredhil (S.) hole, void - kUma (Q.)
go away, flow away, flow down - Half-troll - Pertorog, holiday - meryale (Q.)
kel- (Q.) pI. Pertereg (S.) (a) hollow - unqe (Q.)
go round, encircle - pel- (Q.) Halfling, Hobbit - Perian, (a) hollow - umb (S.)
goblet - sulo (Q.) pI. Perianath (S.)
hollow (adj.) - nov (S.)
Goblin (Ore) - Orch, pI. Yrch; hall - mard, pI. mardi (Q.)
hollow (of hand) - kambe (Q.)
Glam, pI. Glamhoth (S.) hammer - dring (S.)
holly - erkasse (Q.)
God (lit. "the One") - Eru (Q., S.) (a) hammer - naimba (Q.)
holly - ereg, reg (S.)
God (lit. "Father of All") - hand - ma, quar(i), maite, holy (one) - ainu, pI. ainur (Q.)
liuvatar (Q.) pI. maisi (Q.)
holy place, sanctuary - yana (Q.)
gold (color) - laure (Q.) hand - cam, mab, cham (S.)
holy - aina, aire (Q.)
gold (color) - glor,
lor (S.) hang - linga- (Q.)
honey - lisesen) (Q.)
gold (metal) - kulu (Q) harbor, haven - londe (Q.)
hood - telme (Q.)
gold - maIda (Q.) harbor, haven - lond, lonn (S.)
hook - ampa (Q.)
gold, golden circle - mal- (Q.) (a) harp - nande (Q.)
hope - estel (S.)
golden - laurea, laurie (Q. ) harpist - tyalangan (Q.)
horn (animal) - tarka (Q.)
golden circle - cormallen (Q.) harsh, violent - naraka (Q.)
horn (mountain peak) - rasse (Q.)
golden-red - cul- (Q.) haste, violence, wrath (vengeful or
horn (mountain peak) - ras,
good, blessed, unmarred - miin- (Q.) impetuous) - orme (Q.)
pI. rais (S.)
hasty - oma (Q.)
 horn. trumpet - romba (Q.) incline, sloping, tilted, leaning - L
horror - del (S.) talta (Q.) lady - hfril (S.)
horror, dread - gor, goroth (Q.) inner sea - earen (Q.) lady, mistress - heri (Q.)
horse - roch, pI. rech (S.) inside - minoa (Q.) lair - torech (S.)
horse - rokko (Q.) intellect - handele-(Q.) lake, pool - aelin (S.)
horse-land ---' rohan (S.) intelligence - handasse- (Q.) lament - denie (S.)
host - rimbe (Q.) intelligent, learned - handa- (Q.) lament - naina- (Q.)
host - rim (S.) interior (adj.) - mitya (Q.) lament '� naire (Q.)
host, horde (nearly always in a bad internal - ira (Q.) lamp a light '- kalma (Q.)
sense) - hoth (S.) in the - mi (Q.) land of seven rivers - ossiriand
(Q.)
hound - huan (S.) in this place - sinome (Q.) land of the powers - valinor (Q.)
hound - huo (Q.) in which - yassen (Q.) land - dor (S.)
hour - IUmenn (S.) iron - anga (Q.) land, dwelling place, regional abode
60 howl - ngwaw (S.) iron - ang (S.) - n6re (Q.)
human - firya (Q.) (of) iron - angaina (Q.) large number - hosta- (Q.)
hump - tumpo (Q.) (of) iron - angren, pI. engrin (S.) large, huge - alta (Q.)
hunt, hunting - raime (Q.) iron prison - angamando (Q.) last year - yenya (Q.)
hunter, pursuer - faroth (S.) iron prison - angband (S.) last - vedui (S.)
husband - verno, pI. vernor (Q.) is - na (S.) last, end - met, meth (S.)
is, are - be (S.) lasting - iale (Q.)
I
is, are - ea (Q., S.) lasting, enduring - voronwa (Q.)
I - ni (Q.)
isle - tol, pI. tolle (Q.) laughter - lalaith (S.)
I - im (S.)
i�lated tower - mindo- (Q.) leaf - lasse, pI. lassi (Q.)
I cleave - hyarin(Q.)
isolated - ereb (Q.) leaf - las, pI. lassi (S.)
I come - tulin (Q.)
isthmus, narrow neck - yatta (Q.) leaf-fall - Iassemlanta (Q.)
I control, I govern - turin (Q.)
it glints - tine (Q.) leaf-grey - lassemista (Q.)
I do not - uin (Q.)
it is - ea (Q.) league (originally "stop, pause") -
I draw - tukin (Q.)
it sparkles - tintina (Q.) lar (Q.)
I drink - sukin (Q.)
leaping flame - lhach (S.)
I rest - serin- (Q.) J learned one, scholar - istyar,
I sing, I chant - lirin (Q.) jaws - anea, anka, carka CQ.)
pI. istyari
(Q.)
I sow - rerin (Q.) jaws - carach, carak, carag (S.)
(to) leave - lesta- (Q.)
I tap - tamin (Q.) jerk, twist :- rihta- (Q.) left - hyarya, lende- (Q.)
I taste - tyavin (Q.) jewel - mire (Q.)
left-handed - hyarmaite (Q.)
I tell - nyarin (Q.) jewel - mir (S.)
leg, stem, stalk - telko (Q.)
I watch - tirin (Q.) journey-bread - lembas (S.)
lengthened, extended - taina (Q.)
ice - helke (Q.) joy, merriment - alasse (Q.)
letter - tengwa (Q.)
ice - khelek (S.) judge - mandos (S.)
(to) lick - lapsa (Q.)
ice-cold - helk (Q.) juice - sava (Q.)
(to) lie - lumna- (Q.)
icicle - aiglos (S.) juice, syrup - pirya (Q.)
life, being alive - kuile (Q.)
icy, ice-cold - helka (Q.)
K life-bread - coimas (Q.)
ill-fate - umarth (S.)
(to) keep - cheb- (S.) light - kala (Q.)
imagination - intyale (Q.) kindler (female) - thoniel (S.) like (as) - ve (Q.)
immortal - ilfirin (Q.)
king - aran, pI. erain, erein (S.) lion � ri (pI.
ravi) (Q.)
impulse - hore (Q.)
kingfisher - halatir (Q.) listen - lasta(Q.)
impulsion - horea (Q.)
knight - roquen, pI. requain (S.) living - guin(ar) (S.)
in - -esse (Q.)
knoll - nd6la (Q.) (to) loathe - yelta- (Q.)
in control of, possessing (suffix) ­
knot - narda (Q.) loathing :- yelma (Q.)
-arwa (Q.)
know - ista- (Q.) loathsome - yelwa (Q.)
in, within - mi- (Q.)
knowledge - nole (Q.) lofty - tara (Q.)
incitement - siule (Q.)
knowledge - golodh (S.) , lonely mountain - erebor (Q.)
lonely - eressea (Q.)
long - anda, an(d) (Q.) moon - isil (Q.) of �on - angaina (Q.)
long for - milya- (Q.) moon - ithil (S.) of silver - telepsa (telpina) (Q.)
long (great) river - anduin (Q.) moon-fire - ithilnaur (S.) of- -i(n)-, na, -en- (S.)
long study, lore, knowledge - morning - arin (Q.) of (possessive suffix) - -0 (Q.)
nole (Q.) mortal - fir(i) (S.) ointment - laive (Q.)
loosen, slacken - leuka- (Q.) mortal (adj.) - flrima (Q.) old - iaur (Q.)
lord - hlr (S.) mortal man - fire, pl. fin (Q.) old. worn - yema (Q.)
lost - vanwa (Q.) mother - amil, amme (Q.) olden - yaltimea (Q.)
loud sound. trumpet sound - mound - coron, kumbe (Q.) on the farther side, that yonder (adj.)
roma (Q.) (green) mound - ezellohar (E.) - enta (Q.)
loud. noisy - brui (S.) mountain fence, fenced heights - once upon a time - yaresse (Q.)
love - mel- (Q.) pelori (Q.) one, alone - er (Q.)
lust - maile (Q.) mountain - orod, pI. ered (S.) (the) One - Eru (Q., S.)
lustful - mailea (Q.) mountain - oron, pI. oronti (Q.) open - edro (Q.) 61
M mourning, sadness - nien (S.) open - erer, edr- (S.)
made, shaped - echiant (S.) mouth - pe (Q.) open-mouthed. thirsty - fauka (Q.)
maiden (frequent name ending) - music - lindale (Q.) oppression - thang (S.)
wen (wende) (Q.) N orange - kaluina (Q.)
male - hanu (S.) narrow cleft, ravine, defile - (an) orange - kaluma (Q.)
man (frequent name ending) - -we aksa (Q.) Ore, Goblin, (lesser) Demon -
(veo) (Q.) narrow - arka (Q.) Orch, pI Yrch (S.)
man - adan, pI. edain (S.) narrow - in (S.) Ore, Goblin, (lesser) Demon -
man - atan, pI. atani (Q.) Orko, pI. Orqi (Q.)
neck - yat, yaht- (Q.) ,
manhood. vigor - vie (Q.) Orion (lit. "warrior of the sky' ) -
net, mesh - rem (S.) Telumehtar (Q.)
many - -Ii (Q.) new - sir (Q.)
March- sUlime (Q.) out - et, eth (S.)
new - vin(ya) (S.) out of, from - -110 (Q.)
marriage, matrimony - vesta (Q.) night - Io (Q.) .
married couple - veru (Q.) outer fence - ephel (S.)
night, blackness - more (Q.) outflow, delta - ethir (S.)
mast - tyulma (Q.) night, dimness - du (S.)
master - heru (Q.) outside - ar (Q.)
night-time, shades of night -
May (lit. "in flower") - lotesse (Q.) outside existence, the Void ­
lome (Q.) avaktima (Q.)
maybe - nai (S.) nine - nerte (Q.)
outside, re-, back - ava (Q.)
mead. ale - miruvor (S.) no, not - il-, la, laume, mu (Q.)
memory, remembrance - rin (S.) north - for, fom, forod (S.) p
mesh - rembe (Q.) north - formen(ya) (Q.) painful - naikele (Q.)
metal - rauta (Q.) north, right - fom, forod, for (S.) pale - marya, malwa (Q.)
metal - tinko (Q.) nose, nasal - nengwe (Q.) pale blue - ilin (Q.)
middle - ened, enedh, ende, enya, not (in an evil or opposing context) pale blue, grey-blue - vinde (S.)
endya, ende (Q.) - u (Q.) pallor �niphred (S.)
mighty -beleg (S.) not - ala- (Q.) parent, begetter - onwo (Q.)
mind - in, id (Q.) November - Hisime (Q.) pass - cirith (S.)
mist - hisie (Q.) now - si (S.) (to) pass - aut-, van- (Q.)
mist - hith (S.) now - si(n) (sikil) (Q.) path, course, line, direction, way -
misty grey, foggy - hiswa (Q.) number - note (Q.) ten (Q.)
mock - yaiwe (Q.) . numerous, frequent - rimba (Q.) paths (roads) - tier (Q.)
moist, dew-covered - nite (Q.) peak - aikale (Q.)
o
Monday - Isilya (Q.) peaks - rais (s.)
oak - nomo (Q.) pen - tekil (Q.)
monster - uvanimo (Q.)
obedient, normal. law-abiding - penninsula - -star (Q.)
moon (lit. "wanderer, strayer") - sanya (Q.)
rana (Q.) people - -lie (Q.)
odor - holme (S.)
people - gwaith (S.)
of gold - kaluinn (Q.)
people; clan - nore, no, ono (Q.)
 petty, small - nib(in) (S.)
piece of shaped wood - pano (Q.)
. pile, mound - hahta (Q.)
pilgrim - rhandir (S.)
pillar - tarma (Q.)
pine-tree - thon (S.)
pit, hole - latta (Q.)
(in this) place - sinome (Q.)
plain, valley - lad (S.)
plant(s), growing thing(s) with roots
in the earth - olva(r) (S.)
platform - talan (Q.)
plural collective suffix - -ath,
62 -rim (S.)
poem - laire (Q.)
point, end - mente (Q.)
point, hom - tilede) (Q.)
point, landform - -star (Q.)
poison - sangwa (Q.)
polished or finished metal, blade -
russe (Q.)
pool - linya .(Q.)
pool, mere - lin (Q.)
pool, small lake - aelin, ailin (Q.)
porb!, door - fen, pI. fennas (S.)
possess - (h)arya (Q.)
possessive suffix - -0 (Q.)
Twin
Prinusses potter - kentano, kemnaro (Q.)
pour - ulya- (Q.)
power - bal- (S.) Q red flame - runya (Q.)
Power, God - Vala, pI. Valar (Q.) quarrel - kosta (Q.) red maw - carcharoth (S.)
power, mastery - rur (S.) queen - tan (Q.) red - caran (S.)
power, mastery - rure (Q.) queen - bereth, beleth (S.) red - carne, kame, karani, naru (Q.)
pow.er, might, powerful - val- (Q.) queen of the stars - elentari (Q.) red-gold - kullo (Q.)
present, give - anta (Q.) quick shake, flourish - rinke (Q.) reddish, coppery colored - aira (Q.)
press, throng - sanga (Q.) reed-bed - esgar (Q.)
R
(to) prick - erka- (Q.) reek - usqe,(Q.)
radiance - alata, faire, kalina (Q.)
prick - nasta- (Q.) refuse, deny. - ab-, abar (Q.)
radiance - galad (S.)
prickly spine - erka (Q.) region - mena (Q.)
radiant - alkarinqa (Q.)
primary - essea (Q.) rememberance - -cin (Q.)
rage - aha (Q.)
prince - emil (S.) remote, far, faraway (adj.) -
rainbow - ninniach (S.)
prince - kundu (Q.) haira- (Q.)
ransom - dannedh, danwedh (S.)
prison - mbando (Q.) repeat, to double - tatya- (Q.)
rat - nyano (Q.)
prison, duress - band (S.) rest� este (Q.)
ravine, deft, gulf - yiwe (Q.)
(to) prolong - taita (Q.) rest, peace - sere- (Q.)
ray of light - alka (Q.)
prosperous, rich, fortunate - resting, at peace, repose -
alya (Q.) re- - en- (Q.)
senda- (Q.)
(to) puff- hwesta- (Q.) realm - arda (Q.)
reuniting - adetthad (S.)
pursue - roita- (Q.) realm - arthe (S.)
(to) ride - nor- (S.)
reckon - not- (Q.)
ridge(s), slope(s) - pin(nath) (S.)
record, story - quenta (Q.)
right - forya (Q.)
red flame - ruin (S.)
right-handed, dexterous -
formaite (Q.)
ring - cor (Q.) seven - 0150 (Q.) singer - nyello, linde (Q.)
ringwraith - Ulair, pI. U1airi (Q.) seven - odo (5.) singer (T eler Elf) - linda,
rise, raise - otta (Q.) shade - laime (Q.) pI. lindar (Q.)
rising - ore (Q.) shadow - daio, leo (Q.) singer, songbird - lindo,
river bed, street - rath (5.) shadow - dae, gwath, wath (5.) pI. lindor (Q.)
river, flow - sir- (Q.) shadow, obsurity - mordo (Q.) singing - lind� (Q.)
river (large) - luine, duine (Q.) shadows (cast by light) - single, sole - erya (Q.)
river (large) - duin (5.) morchaint (Q.) sip, lick up - salpa- (Q.)
rivulet, creek - siril (Q.) shady - laira (S.) sit - ham- (Q.)
road, straight line - tea (Q.) (to) shape - kanta- (Q.) six - enqe (Q.)
(to) roof- topa- (Q.) shape - chaint, caint (S.) skill - curu (Q.)
room, chamber - sambe (Q.) sharp pain - naike (Q.) skin - flad (5.)
root - thond (5.) sharp - aika (Q.) skin - helma (Q.)
round, globular - koma (Q.) sharp, piercing - maeg (S.) sky - vilya, wilya (Q.) 63
row - lir (Q.) sharp, piercing - � (Q.) sky (pale or cold) - helwa (Q.)
row, series, line - tema (Q.) sharp-prowed ship - cirya, kir" (5.) (to) slant down - perm- (S.)
royal - ar, ara, arat (Q.) shell, conch - hyalma (Q.) slash, impale - kirisse (Q.)
ruddy - roina (Q.) shepherd - emer (Q.) slave - mol (Q.)
rule, law - sanye (Q.) shield - turma (Q.) slender - teren, terene (Q.)
rune - cetta, pI. certar (Q.) (to) shine - gal (5.) (to) slope - talta- (Q.)
rune - certhas, cirth, gerthas (5.) shine - kalta, kal-, gal- (Q.) slope - nende (Q.)
running - cel (5.) shine - thil (5.) sloping - nenda (Q.)
rushing - alak-, alag-, asca (5.) shine (with white or silver light) ­ small bird - aiwe, filit, pI. filiki (Q.)
rushing, flying - rimpa (Q.) silme (S.) small stone - sar, pI. sardi (Q.)
rustling noise - eske (Q.) shine silver, silver light - sinda, smith� wright -- dan, tan, pI. dain (5.)
pI. sindar (Q.) smoldering heat - yUlme (Q.)
S shining jewel - miril, pI. mirilli (Q.) smooth - pasta (Q.)
,sad - dim (Q.) ship - kirya, cirya (Q.) snake - ango, pI. angwi (Q.)
safe, secure - varna (Q.) ship - glr, ru, pI. cair (5.) snake - lhug (5.)
sand - litse (Q.) ship-wright - ciryatan, rudan (5.) snare - neuma (Q.)
say, speak - quen- (Q.) shore - hyapat (Q.) snout, nose - mundo (Q.)
screen, hiding - esgal (Q.) shore, line of surf - falas (S.) snow - olos� los(se) (Q.)
sea - aire (ear) (Q.) shore, line of surf - falasse (Q.) snow - loss (5.)
sea - gaer (5.) shore, strand - rast (5.) snow (flowery) - olosse (Q.)
Sea-elf - Teler, pI. Teleri (Q.) short - sinya (5.) snow-drop - nieninque (Q.)
seaweed, trailing plant - uile (Q.) shout - (y)ello (Q.) soft, pliable - maksa (Q.)
second - neuna (Q.) shuddering - girith (5.) (to) soil - vahta- (Q.)
secrecy - muile (Q.) sickle - kirka (Q.) solar year (lit. "sun-round") -
secret - thur(ing) (5.) sickly - laiwa, engWa (Q.) corarnr (Q.)
secret, obscure - nulla, nulda (Q.) sickness - live, quame (Q.) sole of the foot - tallune,
seed - erde (Q.) sign, a mark, diacritic symbol - talrunya (Q.)
seeing stones ("those that watch from tehta (Q.) solitude - eresse (Q.)
afar") - palanclri (Q.) silent - din (5.) son (of) - yondo, -ion (Q.)
seize - mapa (Q.) silver birch - brethil (5.) song - linde (Q.)
september - yavannie (Q.) silver - celeb (5.) Song of Creation (lit. "Music of the
series - tema, pI. temar (Q.) silver - telpe, telep (Q.) Ainur") - Ainulindale (Q.)
serpent, snake - loke, bloke (Q.) silver-like - telperin (Q.) sorcery � gUl (5.)
serpent, snake - lhug, lyg (S.) silver-like - celebrin (5.) (to) sound - Iamya (Q.)
set, fix - panya- (Q.) sing - lin- (Q.) sound - lamma (Q.)
 south - har-, ham, harad (S.) stone - ondo (Q.) T
south - hyannen (Q.) stone - gond (S.) tale, history, saga - nyare (Q.)
southeast lands - hyarrostar (Q.) stone (small) - sam, pI. semi (S.) tall - halla (Q.)
southern - hyannenya (Q.) (to) stop, cease - pusta- (Q.) tangle - fasta (Q.)
south-victor - hyannendacil (Q.) stop - daro (Q.) tangled hair - fasse (Q.)
southwest lands - hyamustar (Q.) stop (in punctuation) - putta (Q.) tear - nire, nie (Q.)
spark - tinwe (Q.) stopped consonant - punta (Q.) tear(s) (noun) - nim(aeth) (S.)
spark - gil (S.) stopper - tampa (Q.) ten - kainen (Q.)
sparkle - ita-, tin- (Q.) story, tale - nam (Q.) terror - osse (Q.)
sparkle, glint - tinme (Q.) (to) stray - ranya, ran-, raen- (Q.) that (the former) - yana (Q.)
speak - pedo (S.) street - malle- (Q.) that. it - ta (Q.)
. speak - quet (Q.) street - rath (S.) thatch - tupse (Q.)
spear - ehte; ekko (Q.) strider - telcontar (S.) the air - vilwa (Q.)
64 spearman - ehtyar, pl. ehtari (Q.) stripped bare, naked - helda (Q.) the heavens - menel (Q.)
sphere, ball - koron (Q.) strong. daundess - thali�n (Q.) the landscape - palure (Q.)
spider - li�te (Q.) strong, firm, steadfast - tulka (Q.) the, is, are - i, pI. in (S.)
spider - ungol (S.) strong, stout. burly - polda (Q.) the whole, the all - iluve (Q.)
spike - ceber, gebir (S.) successor - neuro (Q.) them - te (Q.)
spike-hedge - karakse (Q.) sudden - bragol (S.) them - hain (S.)
spirit - fea (Q.) suffice - farya- (Q.) these - hin (S.)
spirit-drake, spark-dragon - summer - laire (Q.) thick, fat - tiuka (Q.)
fealoke (Q.) summer, song, lament - laer (S.) thigh - ciuko (Q.)
spit - piuta (Q.) summit - orto, orto- (Q.) thin - ninde (Q.)
split.,deft - sanka (Q.) sun - anar, urin (Q.) thin, slender - fun (S.)
sponge - hwan, hwandi (Q.) sun (as "the consumer'') - vasa (Q.) this - sina (Q.)
sport. game, play - tyalie (Q.) sun, sunlight - as- (Q.) this - hi (S.)
spread open - palya (Q.) sun, sunlight - anor (S.) thorn, spike - nasse (Q.)
spring (of water) - ehtele (Q.) sunlight - are (aze) (Q.) thorn, spike - ereg, reg (S.)
spring-day - tuilere (Q.) sunlight - aur (aure) (s.) thou - -lye, elye (Q.)
spring green, light green, yellow sunlight. day - aure (Q.) thou - Ie (S.)
green, fresh - wenya (Q.) sunrise, east - romen, amrUn, rhem, thousand - mene (Q.)
spring-singer, swallow - tuilindo, rUn (S.) thread - lain (S.)
tuilelino (Q.) sunset. west � andUne (Q.) three - nelde (Q.)
springtime - ethuil (S.) sunset. west - annUn (S.) threshold - fenda- (Q.)
springtime - tuile (Q.) support. brace - tulko (Q.) throat - lanko (Q.)
sprouts, springs - tuia (Q.) surf - solor (Q.) thone - mahalma, pI. mahalmar (Q.)
'spy :- athir (S.) surface - palme (Q.) throng - sanga (Q.)
stain - waen (S.) surfline - falas (Q.) through - tere, ter- (Q.)
star - el, elen (Q.) surfline - falath (S.) time - IUme (Q.)
star - gil (S.) swan - alqua (Q.) tiny, little - citta (Q.)
star-crowned - elerlna (Q.) swan - alph (S.) to thee - Ie (S.)
star-dome - elrond (Q.) sweet-sounding - linda (Q.) to, towards - an, ana, na (Q.)
star-host - giliath (S.) swell, grow - tiuya- (Q.) together - 0- (Q.)
star-queen - elenciri (Q.) swift, agile - tyelka (Q.) toil, work, labor - mota (Q.)
star-watcher - elentinno (Q.) sword - makil (Q.) tongue - lamba (Q.)
stem - telco (Q.) sword - megil (S.) tongue - lamm, lanunen (S.)
steep - aiqa (Q.) sword (short sword) - eket (?) tooth - carag, chost, cost (S.)
stirring - coire (Q.) swordsman - macar (Q.) tooth - nelet, nelki (Q.)
stirring - echuir (S.) swordsman - vagor (S.) (to) torment - nwalya- (Q.)
sworn brother, blood-brother - torment - ngwalme, nwalme,
otoron, pI. otoroni (Q.) ywalme (Q.)
torrent - thor (S.) valor - kane (Q.) who - man (Q.)
torture - ungwale (Q.) vaulted roof- rond (S.) whol� - iluve (Q.)
tough, stiff - tarya (Q.) veil (as aura, figure, or body) - fana, wife - vesse (Q.)
tower - minas (Q.) pI. fanar (Q.) wild - drU (S.)
tower - barad, pI. beraid (S.) victor - daci1 (S.) wild - verka, rU (Q.)
trade - manka- (Q.) vigor - veasse (Q.) Wild-men (Woses) - Ruatani (Q.)
tradesman - makar (Q.) vigor, physical strength - tuo (Q.) will - -uva (Q.)
(a) treasure, a valuable - virginity - wene (Q.) willow - tasare (Q.)
(h)anna (Q.) vision - olor, olos (Q.) willow - tathar, tathren (S.)
treasure, hoard - (h)arwe (Q.) voice - oma, oma- (Q.) wind - sUl, gwae, gwai (S.)
tree - alda (Q.) voice - lammen (S.) wind - vaiwa, � (Q.)
tree - galadh, om (S.) void - ia (Q.) window - henneth (S.)
treebark - rif (S.) vowel - oman (Q.) wing - rama, pl. ramar (Q.)
Troll - Torog, pI. Tereg (S.) W winter - hrive (Q.) 65
trumpet sound - rom- (Q.) (a)wakening (adj.) - kuivea (Q.) winter - hriw (S.)
tuber, edible root - sulka (Q.) (a) walk - vanta (Q.) wisdom - nole (Q:)
tune, singing. song - linde (Q.) (to) walk - vanta- (Q.) wise, knowledgeable - golodh,
twelve - rasat (Q.) wall - ramba (Q.) pI. golodhrim, gelydh (S.)
twilight - uial, minuial, tindome, wall - ram (S.) wizard - sairon (Q.)
undome (Q.) wolf- draug
walled place, fort, fortress -
twine, wreathe - rig- (Q.) arta (Q.) wood, forest - aron, taur, pI. eryn (S.)
(to) twinkle - tinril- (Q.) (to) wander - ran (Q.) wood, forest - taure (Q.)
two - atta (Q.) (to) wander - raen (S.) wooden building - ampano (Q.)
U wanderer - randir (Q.) wooden whale - turuphanto (Q.)
un- - u- (Q.) watch, guard, watch over - tir (Q.) woodpecker � tamro, tambaro (Q.)
under - nu (nuin) (Q.) watch-tower - tirion (Q.) woodpecker - tavor (S.)
underground dwelling or delving - watching - tirith (S.) wool - to (Q.)
"
groth (Q.) water - nen (S.) woollen (adj.) - toa (Q.)
underground dwelling or delving - waterfall - lanthir (S.) word - quetta (Q.)
grod, rod (S.) water-nymph - falmar (Q.) word - beth (S.)
understand, discern, comprehend - wave (crested) - falma (Q.) (the) world (lit. "it is") - ea (Q., S.)
hanya- (Q.) (to) wound, tear - harna- (Q.)
way - pata (Q.)
understanding. knowledge - wound - harwe (Q.)
way - bad (S.)
hande- (Q.)
we (two) - met (Q.) wounded - harna (Q.)
(to) unfUrl - panta (Q.)
wealth, good fortune - alma (Q.) wright - dan, pI. dam (S.)
unto - tenn (Q.)
(to) wed, (to) swear, contract - writes - teke (Q.)
unwilling. refuser - avar,
vesta- (Q.) writing system - tenkele (Q.)
pI. avari (Q.)
wedding ceremony, oath - y
up (prefix) - am- (Q.)
vestale (Q.)
uprising. sunrise, east - romen (Q.) -y - -ime (Q.)
week - enquie, pI. enquier (Q.)
up to (as far as) - tenna (Q.) -y - -ui (S.)
well, spring - ehtele (Q.)
upwards (adv.) - amba (Q.) (to) yawn - yanga- (Q.)
well, spring - eithel (S.)
urge, send flying - horta (Q.) year (Elvish year of 144 solar years)
werewolf - gaur, ngaur (S.) - yen, pI. yeni (S.);
urgency - horme (Q.)
west - nUmen (Q.) yen (yen-) (Q.)
urging - hortale (Q.)
west - adUn, annUn, dUn (S.) (solar) year (lit. S. "growth;" Q. "sun-
us (two) - met (Q.)
wet -:- med, nin (S.) round") - loa (S.); coranar (Q.)
V whirlpool, eddy - hwinde (Q.) yellow-bird - asmalinde (Q.)
valiant - astaldo (Q.) (to) whisper - lussa- (Q.) yoke - yanta (Q.)
valley - turnbo, nan(d) (Q.) white - ninque (Q.) youthful, freshness - wen (Q.)
valley - tum (S.) white - nim, mph, nimp, nimf,
valley, plain - lad (s.) glos (s.)
 10.0 POWER AND '
HEEDING THE PIuNCIPLE
In �hort, anyone possessing unblessed power or anyone
MAGIC .
wleldmg any power in an unblessed fashion, invites doom.
J.R.R. Tolkien's works include many evocative themes, This is the principle that both GMs and PCs should heed
such as the c01T4pting influences of power and illegiti­ when dealing with magical things or characters in Middle­
mate magic. Concepts like the Balance ofThings and the earth. It involves a two-step test:
three themes of Eru's divine order are reflected in the • First, determine the nature of the magic. Is it in
struggles against Darkness. some way blessed? If not, it is dangerous and
possibly very evil.
UNBLESSED MAGIC
Neither Morgoth nor Sauron respect either nature or • Second, assuming the magic is blessed, detertnine
Eru's Thought, and neither feel conStrained when it whether there are any limits or constraints with
comes to possessing and using magic. They conjure, respect to its use.
creating an,d modifying things according to their own Since the issues of possession and use of artifacts, spell­
lustful wills. Others, such as Saruman, also lose sight of casting skills, etc. are critical to a faithful, flavorful
66 Middle-earth campaign, GMs should apply this test
the Balance in their quest for magical knowledge and
power. The White Wizard begins using righteous magic carefi.t11y. .
outside the boundaries of his mission, eventually seeking PCs should note that dabbling in the magicial arts can
unrighteous-and then evil-sources of insight and be perilous. Unless attuned to nature (e.g., like a Wose
strength. Thus, he falls from grace. Always, the practicing PUkel-magic), imbued with sanctioned talents
unsanctioned possession or use ofmagic in Middle-earth (e.g., an Arnorian seer forecasting for his king), or given
eventually wreaks madness and tragedy. Such abuse in­ a rightful gift (e.g., an enchanted sword as a reward for
variably spawns the downfall of seemingly omnipotent aiding an Elven smith), the PC may be exhibiting the sort
mages. of lust that ultimately led to the Downfall of N6menor.
.
It is important, then, to note that in Endor the lust for A GM should create or uncover the story behind any

" unnatura 1" p ower IS . d angerous b ecause it is magical item, incantation, formula, etc. This story will
"unsanctioned." It is without "blessing" and contrary to dictate whether matters either proceed according to na­
the Balance ofThings. Unless one's magic is in some way ture--the Balance of Things-or succumb to the preda­
blessed or "sanctioned," it is at best wrong, at worst evil. cious tragedy borne out of insanity and darkness. In the
Any mage possessing such illegitimate power is always at latter case, you may bear witness to an exciting but terrible
risk of becoming mad and/or evil. Those who actually tale.
employ such magic increase this peril.
1 0. 1 POWER IN THE WEST
BLESSED MAGIC Professor To�en's histories are intended as a back­
While rare, blessed power comes from many sources. It
drop for a great work on Elvish languages. They center on
may be innate to one's race, lineage, station, or mission. It
that part of the world where the Elven tongues see their
may be tied to a blessed artifact or to a naturally magic
most extensive development.
place. So, in order to ascertain the character of magic, one
The West, being close to the Undying Lands, is the area
must be mindful of the nature and source of enchanted
of greatest concentration for the Firstborn in Middle­
, artifacts and spells. Hallowed places, things, and beings
earth. It serves as an avenue, and resting place, for the
enjoy the specific right to be magical. They possess magic
Eldar. It is the destination for most all Elves journeying
legitimately.
across the Sundering Sea. It is in this limited quarter that
It is not enough, though, to acquire power in a legiti­
Sindarin is developed and Quenya given to the mortal
mate manner. An abuse of any magic may result in the
world. Both the Tengwar and Cirth first appear in the
surrender of any underlying blessing. Worthy mages
West.
remain blessed only when they act responsibly. Both the
Thus, it is natural that Tolkien focuses his historical
possession and the use oftheir power must conform to the
discourse on this region. Given the unique character ofthe
Balance of Things.
West, its story tends to dominate events all over Endor.
The watchful eyes ofthe Valar seem to dwell on the West,
for it is here that Morgoth ultimately settles and it is here
that he fights the Eldar. It is here that Sauron renews this
heinous struggle, seeking to become King of Men and
Master of Middle-earth.
 In time, though, such magic fades. It manifests
itself on a massive scale in the First Age, and to a
lesser but significant degree in the Second Age. By
the late Third Age, it is quite subtle (except in the
cases of Dragons, the Balrog, Saruman the White,
and of course Sauron). The power continues to
dissipate during the Fourth Age.This erosion is
accentuated (and illuminated) by the departure of
the Quendi.
.since the utilization of great power relates to the
nature of those possessing the gift, the physical and
temporal removal ofthe Ainur and Quendi results in
a constriction ofovert magic. As the Valar lay down
their direct guardianship ofMiddle-earth in stages­
at the end of the First Age and with the downfall of 67
Numenor in the Second Ag�the Balance ofThings
changes. Endor's natural tolerances evolve. When
the Valar intervene in the Third Age, they do not
march as the Host ofValinor. Instead, they send the
Istari (Wizards). The Powers limit the scope oftheir
intrusion, for the nature of Endor has changed. The
danger is less accute and power is less pervasive.
The five Wizards are Maiar, powerful kinsmen of
Sauron. Yet, they still constrain themselves. As
faithful Istari, they act (at least initially) in accord
with a limited mandate. The Wizards do not use
magic unless it is absolutely necessary. Their wise
. council serves as their chiefremedy. They give advice Dunnisb Animist
before conjuring spells. They act as ambassadors,
assisting (rather than directing) their allies in the
It is also in the West that the Edain meet the Eldar and struggle against Darkness. They conform to the Balance
spawn the Dttnadan culture. The Lintado Men in the ofThings. Accordingly, they appear far weaker than they
northwestern section of Middle-earth are the most ad­ really are.
vanced oftheir kind. Compared to their brethren in other
SAURON AS A Focus OF POWER
parts of the world, the Edain and Northrnen are techno­
The presence of Sauron in Mordor accentuates the
logically superior, generally more literate, and politically
concentration ofpower in the West. Sauron is not one to
more organized.
restrain himself when he deems it necessary to act with
The history of the West, then, is the history of those
great authority. He can act cautiously and quietly, espe­
groups who are most capable of dominating the entire
cially when nursing himself after a great defeat, but he is
continent. This is why Tolkien writes from a "Western"
also capable of unbridled explosions. Those living under
perspective. Our discussions concerning peoples and events
his Lidless Eye take particulat care not to attract attention
elsewhere must be viewed according to this context: that
to themselves.
the West is the primary focus of power in Endor.
This feeling contributes to the restraint found in the
AMAN AS A Focus OF POWER Elves and Dwarves who possess the ability to wield spells.
The West's unique ties to Aman, the Undying Lands, Some are very weary or concerned about upsetting the
help explain the long-felt manifestation of great power in Balance ofThings, but others are afraid. Others fall from
the region. While Morgoth's awful repose sets the tone, grace. Many die fighting their brethren or other Free
the close proximity ofthe other Ainur creates an indelible Peoples. Some perish at the hands of Sauron and his
effect. Their presence in the Battle of the Powers leaves a minions. It is the bold-those who seek power and then
lasting mark. try to wield it-that are most prone to rashness, insanity,
and doom.
 HIDDEN OR NATURAL POWER The same attitude is common among the neighboring
By the time of the Third Age, legitimate masters of (but less talented) Hildor. This relatively unrestrained
magic (at least in the West) employ their abilities in search for, and use of, magical power make the residents
relative secret. Western Men and Hobbits are not great of so-called "wild lands" particularly susceptible to cor­
friends of spells{ Few know of magic, save through fairy ruption and vulnerable to conquest. This helps explain
tales and legends. Many fear conjurers and equate "magic" why, during the Second and Third Ages, Sauron subju­
with "evi1." This creates an atmosphere where magical gates their domains with relative ease.
occurrences are rarely seen and often become merged or
confused with natural events. Again, the use of power is 1 0.3 POWER AND
increasingly muted. T olkien's constantly uses nature to
ROLE PLAYING
illustrate this point. The "aging" or "changing" of the
This dichotomy in the use of power in Middle-earth
land serves as a fundamental theme. It helps explain the
affects the portrayal of Endor's lands and peoples. When
evolution of the character of End or, the transition toward
constructing a society in the West, a GM must take great
a less magical world dominated by mortal Men.
care to show restraint regarding the use of magic. Magic­
68
users are rare. Although more folk have some "magic" in
1 0.2 POWER ELSEWHERE them, open displays of power are extremely isolated. They
In keeping with the Balance of Things, the use of power are unusual anywhere, especially in the West.
in the EaSt and South is less restrained, but the strength of
such power is correspondingly less potent. The region is MAGIC IN A WESTERN SETTING
relatively wild, and a different equilibrium is in order. The Elves of the West certainly employ magic in daily
These locales ascribe to their own "natural balance" (and life. DUoadan seers rely on magical stones and mirrors,
differing criteria dictates what is "blessed.") Given the and Dunadan artisans produce enchanted swords, etc.
fractured nature of the cultures and the parochialism of Dwarves wield their own peculiar magic. They produce
the politics, no society succeeds in dominating Endor. enchanted delvings, powerful weapons, mystical toys, and
wondrous mechanical devices. Nonetheless, these skills
This is particularly true among the peoples of the warm
South. During the Second Age, Numenor exploits their and practices are hardly widespread. Magic is very rarely
disunity, holding sway over most of Endor's southern used outside the confines of a collection of closed societ­
coasts. Black NUmen6rean successor states rise in the ies. Among Hobbits, magic is considered the stuff of
aftermath of the Downfall. legends. Most Men feel the same way; indeed, many have

The greatest and most magical of the eastern kingdoms never heard of or seen magic.
foster better policies and eventually swell in power, only MAGIC IN AN EASTERN OR SOUTHERN SETTING
to find themselves challenged by the Lord of the Rings. As noted, power manifests itself in a weaker, but
Sauron corrupts or kills their leaders (e.g., KhamUl the broader scale in the East and South. Here, a GM can more
Easterling and Ovatha the Variag). In the end, the Dark comfortably depict a society where magic is a fundamen­
Lord also seduces and conquers the Black NUmen6reans tal part of life. Spell-casting and magic may be relatively
of the South. The Evil One dictates the broad pattern of common, depending upon a society's exposure to the
CQntrol through his minions. Elves, the Dunedain, or concepts conducive to various
Elves in the East tend to wander and embrace the values forms of power. The overall political impact of the society
of old-ways common before the Valar and the light of the may not be great as one found in the West, but this does
Two Trees affected their kind. The Avari cultivate a much not preclude the use of magic. Myriad religions, rituals,
more self-centered picture of the world. Their cares differ and magical orders abound. What holds these peoples
from those of the Eldar of the West. As a result, they rarely back, and has defeated any eastern or southern "empire"
shun or share their magic. They use their modest. wide­ from rising to control the continent, is either a lack of
spread power to avoid or assail unfamiliar, unfriendly, or organization or a tendency toward corruption. The wide­
undesirable peoples. spread possession and use of magic promotes both trends,
inviting adventure-and smoothing the way for the Evil
One.
1 1.0 GAMING IN
MIDDLE-EARTH
The nature of fantasy role playing lends itself to
creativity. The players and the GM both participate
in a "living novel" where each individual envisions
his own setting. While the GM provides source data,
the scene unfolds in the player's imagination. Simi­
larly, the images in a good fantasy novel are ulti­
mately an individual reader's reflection ofthe author's
labor.
Tolkien's Middle-earth is undying. alive in the
hearts of all who tread its paths. It is only natural,
then, to use this incredible foundation in an FRP
context. In this way, those who love Middle-earth 69
can experience it in an active, participatory fashion,
They can also try to fill the gaps and discover the
mysteries that have always concerned them.

I L l USING FRP SYSTEMS

Some fantasy role playing systems are more flex­
ible than others and it is important to note that basic
changes may be necessary if one wants a setting
consistent with the flavor of Middle-earth. ICE's
Lora ofthe Rings Aaventure Game and Miaale-earlh Role
Playing game are the only FRP systems specifically
designed around Endor. Certain gaming groups may Standing Stonts
wish to try a more challenging FRP system, or they oj tbt Loem Valky
may be married to a set of game rules that they want (Mitt MDuntains)
to adapt for use in Middle-earth. This is fine, since
Tolkien's world is itself flexible, especially in the areas West. If you want tremendous creative leeway,
outside the West. After all, The Hobbit and The Lora of the find a spot elsewhere. Note that there may be an
Rings served as the inspiration for most FRP rules. available module covering the area or one nearby,
Creatures resembling Elves, Hobbits, Dwarves, Orcs, and and this can be a handy base from which to start
Trolls abound in the role playing world. work. When choosing the overall setting. look to
Regardless ofthe adaptability ofthe setting, a GM who the local cultures, politics, geography, economic and
wants to use an FRP system based on rigid rules drawn military systems, etc. Great drama can be achieved
from medieval Botswanan mythology might need to with the proper choice of locale.
modify his game before employing it in Endor. It is Pick an Exciting Period: Look to the period in
important. then, to ascertain where these rule changes history in which you wish to run. Eras plagued by
must be made and how the alterations will affect the great war are marked bY ,tremendous uncertainty and
system's flow and any underlying philosophy. Play bal­ harbor opportunity for advanture. Some periods are
ance can be destroyed by careless remolding. better documented, but may be less flexible. Epic
quests deciding the fate of the world may be best
run in the Fourth Age; otherwise certain events may
1 1 .2 GAMING TIPS
be preordained. Naturally, you .may wish to change
Use a Manageable Scale: Determine the scale of the situations and you may be able to account for
game, the number of players, the size of the area differing occurrences. Remember that the Fourth
within which you want to run, the level of power Age is the "Time of Men," a period when many
found in the campaign. Elves have departed. Both the Hobbits and Dwarves
Pick a Compelling Setting: Use the map and sources avoid Men and the world is generally less rich with
to pick an area that fits your designs and desires. If regard to these folk.
you want immense detail and slightly less flexibility, Use the Sources: Assemble your source materials. Use
choose an area located in the well-documented a set of primary and secondary references when you
design your adventures or campaigns.
 Create Consistency: Create a total setting. Provide 1 2.0 MAPS AND
reasons for events and why the world is as it is.
Develop patterns of subsistence, migration, weather, MODULES
etc. to account for preordained or "random" events. As noted, maps are a critical element in any Endorian
Construct cultures consistent with the land upon campaign. Tolkien loved maps, and he used them to great
which they live. If a group isn't originally from the effect. You should follow his lead. After all, no journey
region, note why and what effects the area had on (real or fantastic) is complete without a map.
their old ways. Take care to fit religious, political, ICE's "Realms of Middle-earth" supplements detail
and military constructs into the world. For instance, specific sections ofland covering an area between 37,400
an unusually powerful realm that conquers vast (170 x 220) and 149,600 (340 x 440) square miles. The
territories and is capable of crushing Mordor will regional maps found in these packages use common
require a good deal of explanation. symbols and a standard ( 1"=20 miles) scale. They can be
Use Maps: Use lots of maps to detail patterns and
referenced to the grid sections on the folded version ofthe
provide a creative framework. With a generalized poster map and are scaled so that they will fit together
70 with other maps showing adjacent territories. Together,
map you can create a specific picture off the top of
your head (making notations for future reference), they form a vast mosaic of the entire continent. Specific
while still remaining consistent. instructions for combining these products are in the
Northwestern Middle-earth Campaign Atlas, which contains
Adjust Your Rules to the Setting: Take your rules
a complete set of reduced-scale versions of these maps.
system and note what it has to say about the
cultures and peoples upon which it is based. Make
the necessary changes to conform it to Middle­ 1 2. 1 ILLUSTRATIVE MAPS
earth. For instance, Dragons and Balrogs may not A series of maps illustrating important aspects of the
exist, or they may be too common, or they may be continent follow. Each is labeled or numbered in order to
too weak under your rules. See if this affects play help you reference the accompanying notes. These maps
balance. If it does, make corrections to compensate. provide you with accessible details concerning the social
and political aspects of Middle-earth. We also include
Be Flexible: Remember that a good world is more
notes on Endor's climate.
important than a technical rule. A world invariably
determines its own physical laws. A GM can make
rules and modifications without too much pain. The 12.2 USING THE COLOR
setting and the story are both much more vital and POSTER MAP
entertaining than any game system. The full-color map of Middle-earth has been designed
to give the viewer the "flavor" of the land. The shading in
A GM should remember that one has the alternative of
green indicates temperate or fertile areas, places blessed
allowing the players to change the course ofhistory before
with adequate or more than sufficient water supply.
the Fourth Age.
Deeper greens represent territory with substantial water;
lighter greens show regions with seasonal rainfall and/or
runoff. Yellow greens cover areas which are semi-arid.
The desert is shaded in sand. White locations are those of
severe or everlasting cold. Be careful to distinguish them
from swamps, for the latter have their own symbol.
When using the large map, a GM may wish to have a
mobile mileage scale. In this way, travels can be easily
measured regardless of direction. Simply trace or copy the
scale shown on the map surface and construct one or more
handy copies for use in the game.
 TEMPERATURE ZONES

;f�'

W�E

Temperature Key
_ - 90"F
� - 80·90"F
D - 70·80"F
E3 - 60·70"F
g - SO·60"F
� - 40·S0"F
-.l
fij\ - 30·40"F I n =675 miles
mm - 20·30"F I an =425 km
t1
m - lO·20"F P"'.-.-
� - Less than lO"F
Mean annual temperature (Fahrenheit).
.� ��,
����
�'"2>'?i
� ��
ffi '\"'�� • �a<;OJ {) O:' . • •.•
�,
�.
._.'
"Q-... . .<r" "
� P� .",�
�- .('� ���

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II �
Irr::: "-I
44..1��
H
 '-l
PRECIPITATION ZONES N

)!�1

W�E
Precipitation Key
A= More than 80" (200+em) per annum
B= 60" to 80" ('" I 50-200 em) per annum

I " ",,675 miles c= 40" to 60" (",IOO-I50 em) per annum

I ou ",,425 krn 0= 20" to 40" (",50- IOO em) per annum

.-

E= IO" to 20" ("'25-50 em) per annum

F= Less than I O" (25.4 em) per annum
� '-''- ��
----� Sfi.� G= ",No Precipitation

����� .. ,�
-
�"� ;ol6
 PREVAILING WINDS AND CURRENTS

?� �
� . ))
� )}
N
q j) d w-<rE
£
I " ",, 675 miles
I aTI ",,425 km
.,
White Arrow = Prevailing Wind
Black Arrow = Prevailing Current

'l
VJ
 �
TRADE ROUTES

v � . �.
/

, 0>
e? _T 0
ftF�
�� l " 'f;
M;170
�i1
}J

J
I
, (
"

, "

I
,
,
I'
'
;I - ' ....
j
I J I
I I ... ..... .... ,'
I I
' ... /,
Key - ', I , ,/
, ,-
"
...... ..... _ ...
Dotted Line = Water Route
Solid Line = Major Highway
'"
Dashed Line = Highway
N

W�E

I " ",,675 miles

I 0TI ",,425 km
p-.-.-
 MAJOR CITY SITES

P
�
F�,
�.
17

,.
t

W�E

I " "'675 miles

I em "'425 km
�- Dots indicate principal urban areas in the late Third Age.
� w'\.. -.� ��

t���'o,�§
��;Q) �' �, �"" o . ' GCi<::J Q .. • • • •.

�P�().; " <b . "" 0.

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III
'-l
II
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 '-l
DOMAINS OF THE NINE NAZGUL 0\

;f�'

N
Legend
I = "Empire of the Witch-king"
W�E
2= "Empire of Khamul the Easterling"
3= "Dominion of Dwar of Waw"
4= Ii Indur's "Mumakan"
5 = "Storm-realm" of Akhorahil
6= Hoarmurath of Dir's "Kingdom of Urd"
l it =675 miles
7= Adunaphel's "Kingdom of Ard" 011 =425 km
I
8= Ren's "Kingdom of Chey Sart"
9= Uvatha's "Empire of the Kingdom of Khand"
S = Sauron's "Core Lands" ("Focus of the Shadow")

Circles indicate the Third Age /ccations oj the principal Ulair capitals

" ... �.._.-

���< �p"�' . O�
 Aegnor - (Q. "Fell Fire"). The fourth son of Finarfin and a
1 3.0 GLOSSARY sibling of Galadriel. With his brother Angrod, he held the
In writing The Lord of the Rings, J.R.R. Tolkien plotted northern slopes of Dorthonion. He was slain in the Dagor
the phases of the moon over Endor during the years of Bragollach. Read Si1 6 1, 84, 120, 1 50- 1; UT 250.
T.A. 30 I 8 and 30 I 9. Sam Gamgee's surprise at seeing the Aelin-uial-(S. "Meres ofTwilight"). The confluence marked
new moon after the Fellowship's stay in L6rien seemed by marshland where the river Aros flowed into the Sirion. Read
Sil 1 1 4, 1 22, 1 68, 2 1 7, 23 1; UT 1 4 7.
very real, for it made perfect sense. Indeed, the epic
Aerandir - (S. "Sea-wanderer"). One of the three mariners
recounting Frodo's heroic journey to fiery Orodruin­ who sailed with Earendil on his final voyage west across the
both directly in the narrative text and indirectly in the Shadowy Seas. Read Sil 248.
appendices-draws on millennia of history. Aerin - Wife to Brodda the Easterling and kinswoman to
The burden of a similar attention to detail falls on the Hurin in Dor-16min. She gave help to Morwen after the
GM's shoulders when he or she seeks to create the sense Nirnaeth Arnoediad. Read Sil 1 98, 2 15; UT 69, 1 04-9.
of reality vital to an FRP campaign set in Middle-earth. Aghan - The Drug (Wose) and renowned healer in the tale
A GM confronted by the plethora of unfamiliar names "The Faithful Stone." Read UT 380-2.
and words in his or her efforts to capture the unique spirit Aglarond - (S. ''The Glittering Cavern"). The caves of
Helm's Deep in the White Mountains. The term also refers to 77
and flavor of Middle-earth might well be tempted to the fortress properly called the Hornburg, at the entrance to
despair. The material below presents a reference for the Helm's Deep. The caverns were also called Glaemscrafu (R.
quick retrieval of the salient details associated with ob­ "Caves of Radiance"). Read LJtRlI 1 95, 262; Si1 2 9 1; UT 3 70-
scure yet significant people, places, and things. 2.
This section contains an extensive glossary of terms, Aglon - (S. "The Narrow Pass"). The pass between the
organizing the mass oflore presented by Tolkien's works, heights to the west of Himring and Dorthonion. Read Sil 1 23-
4, 1 35, 1'52-3.
as well as the extrapolated data detailed in ICE's modules.
Ailinel - The oldest of Tar-Aldarion's two younger sisters.
With a flick ofthe fingertips, you can find the location of The younger was Almiel. Read UT 1 73, I 79, 209, 220.
Angmar, the definition of Apysaic, or the identity of the Ainulindale -(Q. "The Music ofthe Ainur"). Also called the
Gwaith-i-Mirdain. Each entry appears in a concise para­ Great Song, this composition, when sung by the Ainur, created
graph, together with a listing of references in other works Ea. The story ofthe creation composed by Rumil ofTirion also
that might provide more exhaustive coverage of the bore this title. Read Sil 15-20, 25-6, 28, 4 1 -2, 45-6, 50, 68, 74,
concept. A reference guide located at the end of this 1 05, 205.
section lists the appropriate entry to check for more Ainur- (Q. "Holy Spirits"). The Divine servants ofEru, born
out of Eru's thought. Although they are formless spirits, they
obscure terms. have male and female genders and are capable of assuming
corporeal form. Most of the Ainur reside with Eru in the
13.1 GLOSSARY OF TERMS Timeless Halls outside Ea, but a few-the Valar and Maiar­
reside in Ea. The Ainur are also called the "Holy Ones," the
A "Singers," or the "Spirits." Read Sil 15-20, 25-6, 4 1-2, 44, 46,
Ad. - Abbreviation for Adunaic, the language of the Edain 56, 1 05, 205, 233.
(sometimes rendered "A."). Akallabeth - (Ad. "The Downfallen"). This Adunaic
Adena - (Sing. Aden). An Apysan confederation that resides (Numen6rean) term was equivalent in meaning to the Quenya
in Hyam, Elorna, and Miredor in southwestern Endor. Atalanti. The tale of the Downfall ofNumenor was also titled
Adorn A tributary of the river Isen, that with it formed the
- Akallabith. Read Sil 28 1, 290; UT 1 65.
western boundary of Rohan. Read UT 262, 305-6, 364-5. Alcarinque - (Q. "The Glorious"). One of the newer and
Adrahil [IJ - (S.). In T.A. 1 944, he served as a commander brighter stars made by Varda to prepare for the comming ofthe
of the forces of Gondor against the Wainriders. He was called Firstborn. Read Sil 48.
"of Dol Amroth" and was presumably an ancestor of Adrahil Alcarondas -The great ship, also called Castle of the Sea, on
[2J. Read UT 293-4, 3 l3, 3 1 6. which Ar-Pharazon sailed west and broke the Ban ofthe Valar.
Adrahil [2J - (S.). The Prince of Dol Amroth and the father Read Si1 278.
ofImrahil. Read UT 248, 3 1 6. Aldburg - Eomer's place ofresidence in Rohan, as well as the
Adunaic - The language spoken by the Men of Numenor. location of the house ofEorl the Young. Aldburg was built on
Read UT 2 15- 1 6, 222, 227, 263. For "Numen6rean tongue or the site of the Dunadan town Calmirie. Read UT 367.
speech" read UT 1 94, 2 15- 1 6, 227, 3 1 9, 390. Aldor - The last Rohir King to make serious reprisals against
Adfmakhor -(Ad. "Lord ofthe West"). This name was taken the Dunlending tribes seeking to settle the mountain glens near
by the nineteenth King ofNumenor. He was the first to do so Isengard. He was the third King ofRohan, the son ofBrego who
in the Adunaic (Numen6rean) tongue. His name in Quenya was was the son of Eorl the Young. Read UT 3 71-2.
Herunumen. Read Si1 267. Aldudenie -(Q. "Lament for the Two Trees"). Following the
Adurant - (S. "Double Stream"). The sixth and southern­ death ofthe Two Trees, the Vanya named Elemmire composed
most of the tributaries of Gelion in Ossiriand. Its name refers this song. Read Sil 76.
to the river's divided course around the island ofT 01 Galen. Read Alfirin - A small white flower that bloomed profusely on the
Sil 1 23, 1 88, 234. burial mounds of the Kings of Rohan. It is also called uilos and
Aeglos [I J -(S. "Snowthorn"). A shrub that thrived on Amon simbeimyne,(Evermind). ReadLJtRII 1 40, 1 42; LJtRill 71; UT48,
Rudh. Read UT 99, 1 48. 55, 303, 3 1 6.
Aeglos [2J - (S. "Snow-point"). Gil-galad's spear. Read I.ctRl Algund - A member of the outlaw-band (Gaurwaith) that
3 1 9; Sil 294; UT 1 48. Turin joined. Read UT 85, 89-90, 93, 1 4 7.
 Almaren - (Q.). An island in a great lake at the center of Amarie - (Q.). A Vanyarin. Elf, beloved ofFinrod Felagund.
Middle-earth where the Valar dwelt in Arda after Melkor's ftrst She remained in Valinor while he went to exile in the lands of
rebellion and flight, but before his second deftance of the Endor. Read Sil 130.
Balance of Things. Read Sil 35� 7, 102. Amdfr - King of L6rien and father of Amroth. He was slain
Almarian - Daughter of the NUmen6rean mariner Veantur, in the Battle ofDagorlad. Also called Malgalad. Read UT 240,
Queen of the ftfth NUmen6rean King, Tar-Meneldur, and 243�4, 258.
mother of Tar-Aldarion. Read UT 1 73, 1 76�80, 1 83, 187�8, Amlach - The son ofImlach grandson ofMarach (the leader
202, 208, 2 1 1, 2 1 9. of the third host of Men to enter Beleriand), AmIach resided in
AImiel - The younger of Tar-Aldarion's two sisters. Ailinel Estolad. Amlach initially refused to take up arms against the
was the elder. Read UT 1 73, 1 79. Black Enemy and joined Bereg to lead the dissent against the
Alqualonde - (Q. "Haven of the Swans"). Located on the union ofthe Eldar and Edain. After a agent ofevil impersonated
shores of Aman on the northern coast of the Bay ofEldamar. 1t him, however, he repented and took service with the Noldor of
was the chief city and haven ofthe Teleri. Read Sil 60�2, 72, 86� Maedhros. Read Sil 1 44�5.
7, 89, 1 04, I l l, 1 29, 156, 249, 251; UT 229, 23 1�4, 265. Amon Darthir - (S.). A peak in the mountain range Ered
Aman -( Q "Blessed Realm"). The continent west ofMiddle­
.
Wethrin. Its shadow fell across the sole pass from Dor-16min
earth. It is located in the Farthest West, across the Sundering or into Beleriand. Read UT 68, 148.
78 Great Sea. It contains Valinor, the home of the Valar, and the Amon Din - (S. "The Silent Hill"). Location of the ftrst of
great of Elven Kind make their home along its.eastern shores. the beacons of Gondor connecting Minas Anor (Minas Tirith)
In the west of Aman lie the Halls of Awaiting, the place of the to her northern frontiers. Read LotRlll 20; UT 301, 3 1 4, 3 1 9.
dead. Also.called, the Deathless Lands and the Undying Lands, Amon Ereb - (S. "The Lonely Hill"). A solitary prominence
terms which include T01 Eressea as well as Aman and refers to located in East Beleriand between end of the fault line dviding
the inhabitants, the immortals. Read Sil 3 7, 62, 249, 260, 263� the region (Ramdal) and the river Gelion. Read Sil 96, 122, 153;
4, 2 78, 28 1; UT29, 1 66, 2 15, 287, 229, 230, 232�3, 24 1, 249, UT n
250, 266, 385, 390, 395, 396, 398. Amon Ethir - (S. "The Hill of Spies"). Mound raised by
Amandil - (S. "Lover of Aman"). The last lord ofAdUnie in Finrod Felagund a league east ofthe doors ofNargothrond. Read
NUmenor before the Downfall. He was a descendent of Elros Sil 2 1 7� 1 8; UT 1 1 6� 1 9.
and father ofElendil. He set out on a voyage to Valinor and did
Amon Gwareth - (S.). Hill upon which Gondolin was built,
not return. Read Sil 271�3, 275�6, 279, 292; UT 2 1 9. For the in the midst ofthe mountain-circled plain ofTumIaden. Read Sil
third Numen6rean King see Tar-Amandil. 126, 136, 239, 241�2.

A.ncaIagon
Amon Lanc -(S. "The Naked Hill"). Extinct-volcano located Androth - (S.). Caves in the hills west ofLake Mithrim. Tuor
in the southern bounds of Greenwood the Great; later named was fostered there by the Grey-elves and dwelt there afrerwards
Dol Guldur. Read UT 2 72, 280. as a solitary outlaw. Read 5il 238; UT 1 8- 1 9.
Amon Obel- (S.). A stockade named Ephel Brandir was built Anduin - (S. "The Long River"). The Great River, east ofthe
on this hill which stood in the midst ofthe Forest ofBrethil. Read Misty Mountains, that rises � the Ered Mithrin ofRhovanion,
5i/ 203, 2 1 6, 220; UT l O4, l lO, 123, 125, l36. flows southward, and empties into the Bay of Belfalas. Called
Amon Riidh - (S. "The Bald Hill"). A lonely height south of Langflood by the Eotheod. See Ethir Anduin, Langwell. Read
the Forest of Brethil. M1m the Petty-dwarf and his two sons LAtRl22, 3 1 9, 492; LAtRll 20, etc; LAtRlll 23, etc; 5i154, 94, 267,
dwelt there, calling the prominence Sharbhund. TUrin's outlaw 290- 1, 293, 295, 297-98, 301-2; UT 1 68, 236, 243, 245-7,
band made its caverns their lair. Read5iI201-6, 230; UT98- 1 00, 252, 256, 258-61, 264-5, Part 3/1 and II passim, 321, 338-9,
148, 150-4. 342-3, 345-6, 370-1, 383, 398, 401, 404, 4 1 1. For . the Vale of
the Great River, read UT 256.
Amon SUI - (S. "Hill of the Wind"). A bare hill at the
southern end of the Weather Hills in Eriador. Named AndUnie - City and ship haven on the west coast ofNmnenor.
Weathertop in the Westron. Read LAtRl 22, 233, 251; LAtRllI Read5iI261, 268-9, 27l; UT I67, 1 69, l 73, 1 82, 1 85, 1 89, 1 93,
33 1, 3 78; 5iI 29 1-2; UT 2 78, 409, 4 1 1, 4 13. 2 1 4- 15, 2 1 7, 220, 223. For the Lords ofAndUnie, read 5i1 268; .
Amras - (Q.). Amrod's twin brother and youngest ofFeanor's
UT 1 7l, l 73, 182, 2 15, 2 1 7, 21 9, 223. For Bay ofAndUnie, read .
sons. Amras was slain with Amrod in the attack on Earendil's
UT 167. 79
people at the Mouths ofSirion. Read 5i1 60, 83, 124, 1 42, 153, Andustar - Western promontory ofNmnenor. Read UT 1 65,
247. 167, 2 l 7. As the Westlands, read UT 1 65, 169, 1 8 1, 1 85, 1 89,
Amroth -(S.). Sinda Elf, King ofL6rien for a time, and lover
194, 196, 2 15. For Lady of the Westlands, Erendis, read UT
ofNimrodel. He drowned in the Bay ofBelfalas. Read UT 234,
180.
23 7-8, 240-6, 255, 257-8, 261, 3 1 6. For the country of Anfalas - (S. "Long Coast;" W. "Langstrand"). Fief of
Amroth (coast ofBelfalas near Dol Amroth), readLAtRllI 3 13, Gondor to the west of the provinces of Dor-en-Emil and
454; UT l 75, 2 1 4. For Amroth's Haven, see Edellhond. LamedoQ. It's a coastal region between the mouths of the rivers
Lefnui and Morthond. Read LAtRl 386; LAtRllI 50; UT 255,
Anach - (S.). Pass in the Ered Gorgoroth leading down from
Taur-nu-Fuin (Dorthonion) into Doriath. Read 5iI 200- 1, 205-
384.
6, 24 1; UT 54, 95. Anfauglith - (S. "Gasping Dust"). Name ofthe plain ofArd­
galen afrer its desolation by Morgoth in the Battle of Sudden
Anar - (Q.). Quenya name for the Sun. Read 5iI 99- 101; UT
Flame. Also called Dor-nu-Fauglith (S. "Land Under Choking
22, 29-30.
Ash"). Read Sil 151, 153, 1 60, l 78, 182, 1 90-2, 197, 207-8,
Anardil - (S.). The given name of the Nmnen6rean Tar­
212, 227, 251; UT l 7, 58.
AIdarion. The sixth king of Gondor was also named Anardil;
Angainor - (S.). The chain wrought by Aule with which
beloved of his people, he was called Anardilya. Read UT 1 73,
Melkor was bound twice. Read 5i1 5 1, 252.
l 74, 199, 2 1 2, 2 1 9.
. Anarion - (S.). Younger son of Elendil, who with his father
Angband - (S. "Iron Prison," "Hell of Iron"). The great
dungeon-stronghold of Morgoth in the northwest of Middle­
and his brother Isildur escaped from the Drowning ofNmnenor
earth. Read LAtRl 260; 5il passim, esp. 47, 8 1, 95-6, 1 1 8, 1 79; UT
.
and founded in Middle-earth the realms in exile. He was slain
in the siege of Barad-dfu:. Read LAtRl 3 1 9; LAtRll 352, 363;
18, 3 7, 5 1, 55, 58, 66-7, 75, 78-9, 8 1, 89-90, 94, 128, 1 49, 153-
I.ctRllI 158; 5il2 72, 2 79-80, 290-6; UT 215, 279, 408. For the 9, 1 6 1, 1 95, 232, 385. For the Siege of Angband, read 5i1 1 l5-
Ntlmen6rean king, see Tar-Anarion.
16, 1 1 8, 121, 124, 132, 150-1, 159, 167; UT 34, 53, 155.
Anarrfma - (Q.). Constellation's name meaning roughly
Angelimar - Twentieth prince ofthe Second House of Dol
Amroth and grandfather ofImrahil (who was Lord ofOor Emil
"sun-crowned." Read 5il 48.
at the time of the War of the Ring). Read UT 248.
Ancalagon - (S.). Most powerful of Morgoth's winged
Anghabar - (S. "Iron-delvings"). Mine in the Encircling
dragons. The worm was destroyed by Earendil. Read LAtRl 94;
Mountains that ringed the plain of Gondolin. Read 5i1 138.
Si1 252.
Ancalime -AIdarion named the tree from Eressea that he
Anglachel - (S.). Sword made from meteoric iron. Thingol
received the blade from Eol and gave it to Beleg. It was reforged
planted in Armenelos afrer his daughter Ancalime. Read UT202.
for TUrin and named Gurthang. Read 5iI 201-2, 206-l O; UT
For the ftrst Ruling Queen of NmnenOl;, see Tar-Ancalime.
148.
Andor - (S. "Land of Gift"). Vala name for Nmnenor
Angmar - (S. "Iron Home"). Angmar was founded around
(yozayan). Read 5i1 260, 279, 281.
T.A. pOO by the Witch-king. the Lord of the Nazgiil. An evil
Andram - (S. "The Long Wall"). Name of the dividing fall
realm, it lies nestled in and along the icy flanks of the northern
running east-west across Beleriand. Read 5i1 96, 122. Ramdal (S. Misty Mountains (S. "Hithaeglir"), in the high plateau of
Wall's End) is the eastern point where the dividing fall ceased. northeastern Eriador. The Gundalok shelf above the north­
Read 5il 153. western Anduin vales and a network of underground strong­
Andrast - (S. "Long Cape"). Mountainous promontory holds (notably Mount Gundabad) cut beneath the Misty
between the rivers Isen and Lefnui. Also called Ras Morthil. See Mountains form the eastern boundary of Angmar. Armies
also Druwaith Iaur. Read UT 1 75, 2 1 4, 26 1, 263, 3 70, 383-4, mustered along this line of defense constantly threaten the
387. peoples of Rhovanion to the east. To the west, Arthedain,
Andrath - (S. "Long Climb"). Deftle between the Barrow­ Cardolan, and Rhudaur, the three DUnadan successor states to
downs and the South Downs through which the North-South Amor, feel the Nazgiil's might. Read LAtRl 25, 20 I; LAtRlll l 1 2,
Road (Greenway) passed. Read UT 348. 1 46; UT 3 l3, 322, 354, 390, 4 13.
Andr6g - Man of Dor-16min, a leader of the outlaw-band Angrim - (S.). Father of Gorlim. Gorlim revealed Barahir's
joined by TUrin. Read UT 85-90, 92- l O2, 1 48, 151-2, 154. hiding place to Morgoth's lieutenant Sauron. Read 5il 1 62.
 Angrist - (S. "Iron-cleaver"). Knife made b y Telebar of Araman - Barren wasteland .on the coast of Amm, located
Nogrod. Beren took it from Curufin and used it to rut aSilmari1 between the Pelori and the ·sea. It stretched northward to the
from Morgoth's crown. RtaJ Sil 1 77, 1 8 1. Helcaraxe. Read Si1 72, 80, 86- 7, 89-90, 1 01-2, 1 06, l l l, 240.
· Angrod - (Q.). The third son ofFinarfm. With his brother Arandor - (S. "Kingsland"). A portion of the Mittalmar in
Aegnor, he held the northern slopes of Dorthonion. He was Nmnenor which included the harbor of R6menna, the peak
slain in the Dagor Btagollach. Read Sil 6 1, 84, I I I � 12, 120, 129, Meneltarma, and the city Annenelos. Read UT 1 65, 1 69.
150� 1, 2 1 2; UT 52, 159, 23 1, 250. AranrUth - (S. "King's Ire"). Elu Thingors sword. AranrUth
Anguirel - (S.). Eors sword. It was made of the same ore survived the ruin of Doriath and passed from Elwing to Elros
(delved from a fallen meteor) as Anglachel. Read Sil 202. and the subsequent Kings ofNmnenor. Read Si1 201; UT 1 7l.
Annael - Grey-elf ofMithrim and fosterfather ofTuor. Read Aranwe - (Q.). Elfof Gondolin, father ofVoronwe. Read Sil
Sil 238; UT 1 7�2 1, 25, 56. 239; UT 32, 45.
Annatar ;- (S. "Lord of Gifts"). The name given to himselfby Aranwion - (Q. "Son of Aranwe"). Voronwe. Read UT 50.
Sauron in the Second Age. At that time, he appeared in a fait Aratan - Isildur's second son. Slain with his father at the
fonn among the Eldar who remained in Middle-earth. Also Gladden Fields. Read Si1 295; UT 27l, 274, 279.
called Artano, Aulendil. Read Si1 287; UT 236, 254.
Aratar - ("The Exalted"). The eight most powerful of the
Annon-in-GeIydh - (S. "Gate of the Noldor"). Entrance to Valar. Read Sil 29.
80 a subterranean watercourse in the western hills of Dor-16min,
Arathom - Aragorn's father. Read lAtRl 233; lAtRll 43;
leading to Cirith Ninniach and the western sea. Read Sil 23 8; UT
lAtR1ll 55; Sil 303.
1 8�21, 5 1, 162.
Aravador- (E. "Outsiders," "Deniers"). One ofthe two great
AnnUminas"- (S. "Tower of the West," "Sunset Tower").
branches of the Hildor (Men), they remained in the East during
Elendil the TaIl, first King of Arnor and Gondor, built
the First Age. Aravado peoples eventually settled throughout
AnnUminas on the hills beside the southern shore of Lake
eastern and southern Endor. The Variags, Haradrim, and
Evendim (S. "Nenuial") betweenS.A. 3320 and 3325. The city
Easterlings are of this lineage.
served as Arnor's first and traditional capital. With the decline
Ar-Belzagar - (Ad.). Eighteenth king of Nmnenor. His
ofArnor's strength in the years T.A. 250-850, the court moved
Quenya name was Tar-Calmacil. Read UT 222�3, 226� 7.
to Fornost. In the Fourth Age, it was restored by King Elessar.
Read lAtRl 320; lAtRll259; lAtR1ll 3 1 0; Si1 290, 292, 296; UT Arda - (Q. "The Place," "The Realm"). The entire world
4 1 O� 1 1, 4 13. created by Eru to be the kingdom of Manwe, through his
servants the Valar, including Endor (Middle-earth) and Aman,
Anorien - (So "Land ofthe Sun;" R. "Sunlending"). Although
but not Menel (Heaven). In the First Age and most of the
techriically a province, An6rien is essentially a royal fief in
Second Age, it is circular and flat; but in the Third Age it is
northern Gondor. Founded by Ammon, its capital is located at
remade as asphere. ReadSilpassim, esp. 1 9, 22; UT67-8, 156, l 73,
Minas Anor (later called Minas Tirith). North of the Ered
Nimrais, An6rien encompasses all the lands north of the river
201, 254, 397.
Emi, south of the river Onodl6 (Entwash), east of the Metring Ard-galen - (S.). The grassy plain north of Dorthonion. It
Stream, and west of the Anduin. Read UT 260, 301, 306, 308� was called Anfauglith and Dor-rtu-Fauglith after its desolation.
9, 338, 369� 70, 384, 387. The name means "the green region;" cf. Calenardhon (Rohan).
Anor-stone - The palantir of Minas Anor (Minas Tirith).
ReaJ Sil 106, l l5- 1 6, l l 8-20, 123, 150- 1.
Read lAtR1ll 32 1; UT 403�4, 406�8, 4 1 O�12, 414. Aredhel- (S. "Noble Elf'). The sister ofTurgon in Gondolin.
She was ensnared by Eol in Nan Elmoth and bore him a son,
Ap. - Abbreviation for Apysaic, the language of the southern
Maeglin. Also called Ar-Feiniel, the White Lady ofthe Noldor,
Haradrim (see below).
the White Lady ofGondolin. Read Si1 60, 13 1-8, 201; UT 54.
Apysaic - The dominant language family in southwestern
Ar-GimilzOr - (Ad.). Twenty-third king of Nmnenor. He
Ender. Apysaic is associated with the Apysan (pI. "Apysani")
perseruted the Elendili. Named in Quenya Tar-Telemnar. Read
peoples, a group which swept westward through the Ered
Hanna! in two major migrations. The first Apysaic speakers
SiI 268-9; UT 223, 22 7.
< settled to the southwest ofFarHarad, in the areas called Hyarn, Argonath -(S. "King-stones"). The Pillars ofthe Kings, great
Elorna, Miredor, Orel, and Pel. The second wave of Apysani carvings ofIsildur and Anarion on the Anduin at the northern
entered Harad over 1500 years later and came to control Far bounds of Gondor. Read lAtRl 32 1, 35 1, 508; lAtRll 24, 33;
Harad. Their tongues are more properly referred to as New or lAtR1ll 87, 508; Si1 291, 297.
Northern Apysaic, since their speech is heavily influenced by Arien - (Q.). Maia chosen by the Valar to guide the vessel of
Haradaic. the Sun. Read Sil 99- 10 1.
Ar-Abattarik - (Ad.). The nineteenth king ofNmnenor. His Arkenstone -The wondrous jewel ofErebor (Lonely Moun­
Quenya name was Tar-Ardamin. Read UT 222, 227. tain). Read Hob 235, 270, 274; UT 328.
Ar-AdUnakhor - (Ad.). Twentieth king of Nmnenor. His Armenelos - (S.). City ofthe Kings in Nmnenor. ReadSi1 261,
Quenya name was Tar-Herunmnen. Read UT 2 1 6, 2 1 8, 222, 263, 270-3, 291; UT 165, 1 69, 1 73, l 75- 7, 1 8 1, 183-6, 189-
226- 7. 90, 1 92-3, 1 95-9, 201, 203-5, 208, 2 1 8.
Aragorn - The thirty-ninth Heir ofIsildur in the direct line. Arminas - Noldo Elf, who with Gelmir encountered Tuor at
he became King of the reunited realms of Arnor and Gondor Annon-in-Gelydh, and afrerwards went to Nargothrond to
afrer the War of the Ring. He wedded Arwen, daughter of warn Orodreth of its peril. See also Gelmir [2J. Read UT 2 1-2,
EIrond. While serving Ecthelion II in Gondor, Aragorn was 5 1-2, 159-62.
called Thorongil ("Eagle of the Star"). His name in Bree was Arnach -(Du. "Land ofthe Sun"). Original Daenael name for
Strider. See also Elessar. Read lAtR passim; Sil 303-4; UT 25 1, what is now the northeasternmost of Lebennin's four districts.
255, 286, 3 12, 337, 34 1-4, 353, 365, 368-9, 398, 401-2, 408- An archaic term, it is considered a Sindarin proper name. Read
9, 4 1 3- 1 4. For Strider read UT354. For Thorongil, read UT407, lAtR1ll 152.
4 1 3.
Arnor -(S. "Land ofthe King," "Royal Land"). Encompass­ Asdriags - A group of warlike, nomadic tribes who occupy
ing most of Eriador, Arnor is the northernmost of the two portions ofthe central and eastern Talath Harroch (S. "South­
"Realms in Exile." It constitutes the North Kingdom, while horse Plain"), just east ofDagorlad.
Gondor-its sister land-is the South Kingdom. Founded by Asgon - Man of Dor-16min who, with others, helped TUrin
Elendil the Tall in S.A. 3320, Arnor is settled by the Faithful escape afrer he slew Brodda. Read UT 109.
NUmen6reans who fled the Downfall of NUmenor. These Atanatar Alcarin - ("The Glorious"). Gondor's sixteenth
DUnedain dominate the indigenous Eriadoran groups until the King. Read UT 400.
collapse of the realm. In T.A. 861, Arnor splits into three
successor states: Arthedain, Cardolan, and Rhudaur. ReatllAtRI '
Atani - (Q. "The Second People," "Men," sing. Atan). 1n
23, 250, 270, 3 1 9, 32 1; lAtRllI 167; 5i1 291-2, 304; 1 73, 271, Beleriand for many years the only Men known to the Elves were
275, 2 77-8, 282, 284, 287, 306, 308, 3 70, 406, 408-9, 4 1 1, those of the Three Houses of the Elf-friends. Thus this name
413; UT 263-4, 277, 284-5, 287, 295, 3 1 4, 369-70, 41 1. (in the Sindarin form Adan, pI. Edain) became specially associ­
ated with them and was seldom applied to other Men who later
Aros - (S.). Southern river ofDoriath. ReaJ Si1 96, 1 12, 1 21- arrived in Beleriand, or who were reported to live east of the
2, 124, 132, 1 46, 232-4; UT 77. mountains. But the term's meaning is "Men (in general)." Read
Arossiach - (S.). The Fords of Aros near the northeastern 5i1 4 1, 103, 1 43. Also called the Aftercomers or the Followers
bounds of Doriath. Read 5i1 1 21, 132-3, 135-6. (Hildor, read 5i1 18, 83, 99, 1 03), the Younger Children of
Arpel - (Ad. "Royal PeL") Also called Katerre, Arpel is the lluvatar, Engwar ("The Sickly:' read 5i1 103), Apanonar ("The 81
chief city and port in Pel Bight. Aside from Orp Angwi, Arpel Mterborn"), Atanaciri(Q. "Fathers ofMen," read5i1 1 03, 1 90),
is the westernmost city on the Haragaer coast. and Finimar ("Mortals," read5i1 103, 1 90). For Men read 5i1 4 1-
Ar-PharazOn - (Ad. "The Golden"). Twenty-fifth and last 2, 68, 103-4, 1 40-2, 1 49, 259, 264-5. For Edain read 5i1 1 43-
King of NUmenor. His Quenya name was Tar-Calion. He 4, 146-9, 156-8, 1 95, 197, 236, 259-61, 280; UT 2 13, 247,
captured Sauron and was seeduced to evil by him. He com­ 3 77-9, 384-5.
manded the great fleet that sailed against Aman. Read 5i1 269- Aule - (Q.). A Vala, one ofthe Aratar. He was the smith, the
80, 290; UT 1 65, 2 15, 224, 3 1 7. master of,!afrs, and spouse to Yavanna. Read5i1 19-20, 25, 2 7,
Arroch - Hurin's horse. Read UT 70. 29-30, 32, 35-6, 39, 41, 43-6, 5 1, 53, 60, 62, 64, 69, 78, 84,
Ar-Sakalthor -(Ad.). Twenty-second ruler ofNUmenor. His 92, 99, 260; UT 235, 254, 393. Adjective Aulean, read UT 254.
Quenya name was Tar-Falassion. Ar-Gimilzor was his son. Read Children of Aule (the Dwarves), read UT 235.
Si1 268; UT 223. Avallone - (Q.). The city and haven of the Eldar on the Isle
Artamir - Eldest son of Ondoher King of Gondor. He was ofEressea. Read 5i1 260, 263-4, 269, 278, 28 1-2, 292, 296; UT
slain in battle against the Wainriders. Read UT 291-2, 294-5. 184, 1 89, 2 15, 41 4.
Arthad -One ofBarahir's twelve companions in Dorthonion. Avari - (Q. "The Unwilling," "the Refusers," sing. Avar).
Read 5i1 155. The name given to all those Elves who refused to join the
_ westward march from Cuivienen. Also known as Silvan Elves,
Arthedain -(So "Realm ofthe Edain"). The northwesternmost the Avari constitute the majority of the Firstborn. All of the
of the three kingdoms into which Arnor was divided in the Elves who are not Eldar are Avari. And all of the Avari are
ninth century of the Third Age. Arthedain was bounded by the Moriquendi or "Dark Elves," although not all Moriquendi are
rivers Baranduin and Lhim, extending eastwards to the Weather Avari (e.i., the Sindar, Nandor, and Laiquendi). Read 5i1 52-3,
Hills. Its chief city was Fornost. Arthedain was independent 94, 99, 286; UT 232 , 256.
after T.A. 861. It survived as a DUnadan realm until overrun by
the forces ofthe Witch-king ofAngmar in T.A. 1974. With its Avarim -(Q. "Host ofRefusers"). Secondborn, they are the
collapse, the last remnant ofthe Northern Kingdom passed into easternmost branch of the. Aravador. The Avarim were close
oblivion. Arthedain's name was shared by its relatively uniform, allies of the Avari, borrowing the Quendi's name and much of
albeit small, Adan (DUnadan) population (sing. "Arthadan"). their culture.
Read UT28 7, 4 13. Avathar - (''The Shadows"). The forsaken coastland of
Arth6rien - Eastern portion ofDoriath located between the Aman south of the Bay ofEldamar, between the Pel6ri and the
rivers Aros and Celon. Read UT 77. sea, where Melkor met Ungoliant. Read Sil 73-4, 80, 101.
Arvedui - (S. "Last-king"). The last kin� ofArthedain before Azaghal - (Kh.) Lord of the Dwarves of Belegost. He
the realm collapsed under the Witch-king s onslought. Arvedui wounded the dragon Glaurung in the Nimaeth Arnoediad with
drowned in the bay of Forochel. Read lAtRI 23; UT 295, 403, a dying stroke. Read Si1 1 93; UT 75, 128, 147.
41 1, 413- 1 4. Azanulbizar - (Kh. "Valley of the Dim Rills;" W. "Dimrill
Arvernien - (S.). The coastlands ofMiddle-earth west of the Dale;" S. "Nanduhirion"). This vale lies on the east side of the
Sirion delta. Cf. Bilbo's song at Rivendell: "Earendil was a Misty Mountains, at the headwaters ofthe River Celebrant, and
mariner that tarried in Arvernien..." Read 5i1 244. is tucked between the three great peaks ofFanuidhol, Caladhras,
, and Celebdil. The Great Gates (East-gate) of Moria face on
Arwen - (S. "Noble Maiden"). Daughter of Elrond and Azanulbizar, and a Dwarven stairleads out ofthe portico, joins
Celebrlan. She martied Aragorn and became Queen ofGondor. the Dimrill Stair, and-alongside a series ofshort waterfalls­
Read 10tRI 300- 13, 486; lAtRllI 150, 3 1 0- 1 6; UT 25 1, 277, descends through the vale. It becomes a road which runs down
284. toward L6rien. An enchanted lake called the Mirrormere lies at
Ar-Zimrathon - (Ad.). Twenty-first ruler ofNUmenor. His the vale's center. In T.A. 2799, a climatic bartle, called the Bartle
Quenya name was Tar-Hostamir. Read UT 222. ofAzanulbizar (Nanduhirion), was fought here; it ended with
Ascar - (Q. "Rushing," Impetuous"). The most northerly the Ore-lord Azog slain and Dwarves victorious, thus putting
tributary of the Gelion River in Ossmand. The Ascar was later to rest the Great War Between the Dwarves and the Orcs. Read
called the Rathl6riel (S. "Golden-bed"), afrer the treasure of lAtRI 3 70, 404, 4 15; UT 299, 321, 327-8. Translated as
Doraith was sunk in its waters. Read 5i1 92, 123-4, 140, 1 46, Dimrill Dale, read UT 343. For Mirromere (Kh. "Kheled­
235. wam"), read lAtRI 3 70, 433; lAtRIl 194.
Azog - (B.S.). Ore ofMoria and slayer ofThr6r. He was slain
himselfby Dam Ironfoot in the Battle ofAzanulbizar. Reatl UT
321. 327.
 B Barrow-downs - (S. "Tytn Gorthad"). An anoent burial
�-End - Bilbo Baggin's dwelling at Hobbiton in the Shire. ground east ofthe Oid Forest, the Barrow-downs consitute the
In kter years, Frodo Baggins dwelt there, succeeded by Samwise oldest and most revered of Adan gravesites. They were built in
Gamgee. Read LotRI 35, 44; LotRIl 391; LotR1ll 228; UT 335- the First Age by the forefathers ofthe Edain before they entered
6. Beleriand. The grass-covered mounds contain royal passage­
graves and surmount the wild fells of northwestern Cardolan.
Baggins - A family of Hobbits in the Shire. Read Hob passim;
Read LotRI 1 6 1, 1 9 1; II 55; ill 1 46; UT 348, 3 70.
LotR passim; UT 33 1, 342-3, 348.
Barrow-wights - Evil spirits dwelling in the burial-mounds
Balan -The name ofBeor the Old before he became the vassal
on the Barrow-downs. Read LotRI 1 8 1, 1 93-5; ill 30; UT 348,
of Finrod Felagund. Read Si1 1 42.
354.
Balar - (S.). Great bay ofBeleriand into which the river Sirion
Battle of Dale - Battle during the War of the Ring (T.A.
flowed. Also the island in the bay (described in legend as the
3019). Led by KhamUl the Easterling, Sauron's northern army
eastern' hom that broke away from T01 Eressea) where Cirdan
defeated the Men of Dale and the Dwarves of Erebor. Both
and Gil-galad lived afrer the Nimaeth Amoediad. Read Si1 57,
Brand of Dale and Dam II Ironfoot died in the fray. Read UI
92, 121, 1 59, 1 96, 244, 246- 7. Bay ofBalar, read UT 34, 49; Isle 326- 7.
of Balar, reaJ UT 34, 5 1, 50 , 53, 53 , 55, 247.
Battle of the Camp - The victory ofEiimil II of Gondor over
Balchoth - An Easterling people akin to the Wainriders. They
82 invaded of Calenardhon in T.A. 2510 and were defeated at the
the Wainriders in Ithilien in T.A. 1944. Read UT 295.
Battle of the Gwathl6 - The rout of Sauron by the
Battle of the Field of Celebrant. Read UT 296�8, 300- 1, 307,
NUrnen6reans in S.A. 1700. Read UT 239.
3 1 3.
Balin - (Kh.) Dwarf of the House of Durin. Companion to Battle of the Homburg - Assault on the Homburg by the
Thorin Oakenshield and one of the company in the Quest of army ofSarurnan in the War of the Ring. Read UT 366.
Erebor. For a brief time Lord of Moria. Read LotRI 302, 4 15- Battle of the Plains - The defeat of N arrnacil II of Gondor
25; UT 332-4, 353. by the Wainriders in the lands south of Mirkwood in T.A.
Balrog-(S. "DemonofMight;" Q. Valarauko, pI. Valaraukar).
1856. Read UT 289, 292, 3 1 1-12.
Demon of fire serving Morgoth. See also Gothrnog. Read LotRI Battles ofBeleriand -The first battle: read Si1 96. The second
428-30; II 1 33, 362; Si1 3 1, 47, 8 1 , 107-8, 121, 15 1-2, 167, battle (the Battle-under-Stars): see Dagor-nuin-Giliath. The
1 92-3, 242-3, 25 1. third battle (the Glorious Battle): see Dagor Aglareb. The
fourth battle (the Battle ofSudden Flame): see Dagor Bragollach.
Barach - A forester of the People of Haleth in the story of
The ftfrh battle (Unnumbered Tears): see Nimaeth Amoediad.
"The Faithful Stone." Read UT 380-2.
The Great Battle, read Sil 25 1-2.
Barad-dfu -(S. "The Dark Tower"). Sauron's fortification in
Battles ofthe Fords ofIsen - Two battles fought during the
Mordor. Read LotRI387, 5 1 9; Il 21;ill 1 1 1; SiI 267, 270, 280,
War of the Ring between Riders of Rohan and Sarurnan's
292, 294, 302, 304; UT 257-8, 272, 279-80, 3 12, 329, 33 7,
forces out ofIsengard. The First Battle described in UT 355-9,
339, 344, 387, 405, 409, 412.
referred to in UT 364; the Second Battle described in UT 359-
Barad Eithel - (S. "Tower ofthe Well"). The fortress of the
63, referred to in UT 368; other references in UT 355, 366,
Noldor at Eithel Sirion. Read Sil 1 9 1; UT 65.
368-9, 387.
Barad Nirnras - (S. "White Hom Tower"). Raised by Finrod
Beacons of Gondor - For communication with the peoples
Felagund on the cape west of Eglarest. Read Sil 120, 196.
dwelling in An6rien, the three oldest beacon towers were built
Baragund - Father ofMorwen the wife ofHUrin; nephew of and maintained by the Gondorians. Read UT 300- 1, 3 1 4- 15,
Barahir and one of his twelve companions on Dorthonion. Read 3 1 9.
Si1 1 48, 155, 1 60, 198, 25 1; UT 57, 63, 2 15- 1 6. Beffiaen - A relatively primitive folk found in southern
Bai-ahlr - Father of Beren; rescued Finrod Felagund in the Minhiriath, the Beffraen are relatives of the DrUedain, or
Dagor Bragollach, and received from him his ring; slain on Woses, of Druwaith laur (Old Pukel-land). Like the Hillmen
Dorthonion. For the later history of the ring of Barahir, which ofRhudaur and the other foothill regions of the Misty Moun­
became an heirloom of the House of Isildur, read LotR1ll, tains, they are also descendants of the ancient folk known as the
Appendix A. Read LotRI 260; Sil 1 05, 148, 152, 154-5, 161-4, Mebion Bron.
1 66-9, 1 71-2, 1 86, 1 88, 198, 23 1, 25 1; UT 63. Beijabar -("Beomings"). A dispersed collection ofNorthrnan
Baran - Elder so� of Beor the Old. Read SiI 142-3. bands associated with the ancient Bear-cult of Eriador and
Baranduin - (S. " Long Gold-brown River;" W. western Rhovanion. Related to the Woodmen and (to a lesser
"Brandywine"). A great stream fed by Lake Evendirn (Nenuial) degree) the other Northrnen of Wilderland, they became a
in Arthedain, the Baranduin winds across west-central Eriador distinct, mysterious, and highly revered group in elder times.
and empties into the Belegaer north ofthe Rast Yom (S. "Black Theyreside in the AnduinVales, the western eaves ofMirkwood,
Cape") ofMinhiriath. The Baranduin forms part ofthe western and along the eastern flanks ofthe Misty Mountains. Some, like
border of Cardolan. Read LotRI 24, 280; Si1 290; UT 1 75, 214, Beom, enjoy the power of shape-changing. For Beomings, read
239, 261-2, 284, 323. LotRI 301; II 40; UT 278, 343.
Bar-en-Danwedh - ("House of Ransom"). The name that Beleg - A great archer and chief of Thingol's rnarchwardens
Mim the Dwarf gave to his dwelling on Arnon Rudh when he of Doriath; called Cuthalion (S. "Strongbow"); friend and
yielded it to Turin. See also Echad i Sedryn. Read Si1 203, 205- companion of Turin, by whom he was slain. Read Si1 157, 1 85-
6; UT 1 00- 1, 104, 1 48, 150-2. . 6, 189, 199-202, 204-9, 225; UT 3 7, 5 1, 54, 73-4, 77, 79-80,
Bar-en-Nibin-noeg - (S. "House of the Petty-dwarves"). 82-5, 90-6, 134, 1 45, 147-8.
Mim's dwelling on Arnon Rudh. Read UT 100. Belegaer - (S. "The Great Sea"). The ocean which separates
Bar Erib - (S.). A stronghold in Dor-CUarthol, not far south Arnan (to the west) from Middle-earth (to the east). Also called
of Arnon Rudh. Read UT 153. the Mighty Sea or the Sundering Sea. The waters ofthe Belegaer
meet those of the Haragaer to the southeast at Metharn
(HyarnUrnente). Read Sil 3 7, 89, 238; UT 20, 24-5, 30, 34, 35,
1 71, 1 74-5, 1 79, 1 8 1, 184, 200, 241, 247.
Belegost - (S. "Great Fortress"). One ofthe two cities of the BerUthiel - Queen of .Tarannon Falastur, twelfth King of
Dwarves in the Blue Mountains; translation into Sindarin of Gondor. Real lAtR! 405; UT 401-2.
Khuzdul "Gabilgathol." Also called Mickleburg. Real Sil 9 1-2, Bilbo Baggins - Hobbit ofthe Shire, finder ofthe One Ring.
94, Z Z3, 133, 1 89, 1 93, 204, 23 1, 233; UT 55, 75, 1 28, 1 46, See also Baggins. Real UT 321-7, 329-35, 343, 354, 406.
235, 252. Black Years - The years following the death ofCelebrimbor,
Belegund - Father ofRfan, the wife ofHuor. The nephew of when many ofthe Elves fled to Lindon and thence over the Sea.
Barahir, he was one of his uncle's twelve companions in Sauron gathered all the evil things from the days of Morgoth
Dorthonion. Read Si1 1 48, 155, 1 6 1, 198; UT 58, 215. under his government and ruled as the "Lord ofthe Earth." Real
Beleriand -(S. "Great Count�i'). The name was said to have lAtR! 82, 334; Sil 289, 294.
signified "the country ofBalar: and to have been given at first Book of the Kings - One of the chronicles of Gondor. Real
to the lands about the mouths of Sirion that faced the Isle of lAtR! Foreword; UT 3 10, 402.
Balar. Later the name spread to include all the ancient coast of
B6r - A chieftain of the Easterlings, follower with his three
the Northwest ofMiddle-earth south ofthe Firth ofDrengist, sons ofMaedhros and Maglor. RealSi1 157, 1 89; 1 93.
and all the inner lands south ofHithlum and" eastwards to the
feet ofthe Blue Mountains, divided by the river Sirion into East BorIach - One ofthe three sons ofB6r; slain with his brothers
and West Beleriand. Beleriand was broken in the turmoils at the in the Nirnaeth Amoediad. Read Si1 157.
end of the First Age, and invaded by the sea, so that only Borlad - One of the three sons of B6r; see Borlach.
83
Ossiriand (Lindon) remained. ReadlAtR!3 1 9; 11 42 1; Si1 120- Boromir [I] - Great-grandson of Beor the Old, grandfather
4, 252, 285-6; UT 1 7, 20, 22, 25-6, 33, 44, 58, 63, 67-8, 73, of Barahir father of Beren; first lord of Ladros. Real Sil 1 48.
75, 77, 85, 125, 146, 1 4 7, 156, 1 71, 2 1 4- 15, 228-9, 23 1-3, Boromir [2] - Elder son ofDenethor II, Steward ofGondor;
236, 244, 247, 256- 7, 259, 281, 3 77-9, 382, 384-5, 387. one of the Fellowship of the Ring. Read lAtR. passim; UT 264-5,
BdfaIas - (S. "Coast of the Powers"). Great, hilly peninsula 287, 339, 344, 347, 353.
in southern Gondor. Belfalas juts out into the bay that bears its Boron - Father of Boromir [I]. Read Sil 148.
name. Belfalas is also used as an alternative name for the land Borondir - Called Udalraph "the Stirrupless;" rider ofMinas
called Dor-en-Emil, but this usage is not particularly accurate. Tirith who brought the message ofCirion to Eorl asking for his
Actually, Belfalas is the southern half of Dor-en-Emil, a aid. Read UT 297-9, 3 13.
princely fiefin south-central Gondor. Ruled by the Princes of
Dol Amroth, it includes the area between the Gilrain and Borthand - One of the three sons of B6r; see Borlach.
Ringl6 rivers. ReadlAtR! 23; ill 20; Sil 291; UT 1 75, 214, 240- Bozisha-Dar - (Har'!Ap. "Gift of the Goddess"). The chief
3, 245-8, 255, 263, 286, 3 1 6, 383. city of the fertile highland region called Raj located in south­
Belthil - (S. "Divine Radience"). The image of Telperion western Far Harad. Called Harshport by Westron speakers, the
made by Turgon in Gondolin. Read Si1 126. city overlooks the point where the river Rijesha empties into the
great bay ofTulwang. Bozisha-Dar is often simply referred to
Belthronding - (S.). The bow of Beleg Cuthalion, which was. as the Dar.
buried with him. Read Sil 208.
Bozisha-Miraz - (Har./Ap. "Dowry ofthe Goddess"). The
Bear - Called the Old; leader of the first Men to enter southern Haradrim's name for Far Harad. .
Beleriand; vassal ofFinrod Felagund; progenitor of the House
of Beor (called also the Eldest House of Men and the First Bracegirdles -A family ofHobbits in the Shire. Read lAtR!52;
ill 3 72; UT 347. For Lobelia Bracegirdle, read UT 354. For
House ofthe Edain); see Balan. RealSil 140-3, 1 48-50, 169; UT
384). For House of/People of Beor, read SiI 1 43-5, 148, 152, Hugo, read lAtR! 64.
157, 160- 1; UT 57, 63-4, 1 4 7, 1 6 1, 1 71, 1 77, 2 1 4- 15, 384. Brand - Third King ofDale, grandson of Bard the Bowman;
For Beorian(s), read UT 21 5, 225. slain in the Battle of Dale. ReallAtR!JOl, 3 1 7; UT 326.
Bereg - Grandson of Baran son of Beor the Old; a leader of Brandir -Called the Lame; ruler ofthe People ofHaleth after
dissension among the Men of Estolad; went back over the the death of Handir his father; enamoured ofNienor; slain by
mountains into Eriador. Read Sil 1 44-5. TUrin. RealSil 2 1 6, 220-5; UT 1 10- 12, 123-5, 127, 129, 1 3 1-
Beregar ---' Man from the Westlands ofNUmenor, descended 2, 136-43, 145, 148, 150.
from the House of Beor; father ofErendis. Read UT 1 77, 1 8 1, Bree - The principal village of the Bree-land at the crossing of
183, 1 85, 190, 1 93-4. the NUmen6rean roads in Eriador. ReadlAtR! 23, 205; 11 2 1 3;
Beren [I] - Son of Barahir. Cut a Silrnaril from Morgoth's ill 1 78, 332; UT278, 322, 326, 328, 341, 348, 354. For Men
crown to be the bride-price of Luthien Thingol's daughter. of Bree, real UT 3 70, 385; Hobbits of Bree, read UT 385.
During his escape, Carcharoth the Wolfof Angband bit offthe Bree-landers - The Men and Hobbits who occupy the region
hand clutching the Silmaril, and thereafter Beren �as also called of Etiador north of the Great East Road, south of the North
Ercharnion (S. "One-handed"). He gave himself the name Downs, west of the Midgewater Marshes, and east of a point
Carnlost (S. "Empty-handed") after his return to King Thingol lying between the Greenway and the Baranduin. Nearly all the
without the Silrnaril. Later he was slain by Carcharoth ; but inhabitants live in or around Bree or Chetwood. The Men of
returning from the dead, alone ofmortal Men, lived afterwards Bree are a mixed lot, with varying degrees of Dunlending and
with Luthien on T01 Galen in Ossiriand, and fought with the Northman blood. Some have traces ofDUnadan heritage.
Dwarves atSarn Athrad. Great-grandfather ofElrond and Elros Brego - Second King of Rohan, son of Eorl the Young. Real
and ancestor of the Numen6rean Kings. Called also Carnlost, lAtR.ll 153; ill 84-5, 3 15; UT 367, 3 71.
Ercharnion, and One-hand. Real lAtR!258-9; 11 408; ill 28 1; Bregolas-Brother ofBarahir, father ofBaragund and Belegund;
Sil 105, 123, 1 48, 155, 1 6 1- 70, 1 72-89, 198, 210, 23 1, 234- slain in the Dagor Bragollach. Read Sil 1 48, 151, 155;
6, 246; UT 57-8, 63, 74, 77, 79, 84, 1 1 6, 157, 1 61, 1 71. UT 57-8.
Beren [2] -Nineteenth Ruling Steward ofGondor, who gave .
Bregor ,.-- Father ofBarahir and Bregolas. Real Si1 1 48; UT 63.
the keys ofOrthanc to Saruman. Read UT 3 73, 404. For the Bow of Bregor, preserved in Numenor, real UT 1 71.
Bereth - Sister of Baragund and Belegund and ancestress of
Erendis. Read UT 2 1 5- 1 6.
 Brethil - The forest between the rivers Teiglin and Sirion, Calenardhon - (S. "Green Province"). The wide, grassy land
dwelling-place of the HaIadin (the People ofHaleth). Real 5il between the rivers Isen and Anduin. Its northern border runs
120, 1 4 7, 155, 157-9, 1 7.6, 1 89-90, 1 92, 195, 201, 203, 205, along Fangorn Forest and the river Limlaith (Limlight), while
. . 2 1 2, 2 1 6, 2 1 9-2 1, 225-6, 229-30; UT 41, 54, 63, 68, 73, 85, in the south its bounds are marked by the White Mountains. In
8 7, 9 1, 104, I lO, I l2, 122-7, 130, 132-3, 136, 140, 143, 149, T.A. 2510, it is given to the Rohirrim, who rename it Rohan.
382-3.ForMen of/People ofBrethil, read UT57, 90, 1 10, 128- Calmirie is the chief town in Calenardhon. Read LotR1l 363; 5il
9, 1 3 1, 140; and see Woodmen. For "Black Thorn ofBrethil" 297; UT200, 237, 239, 278, 289, 292, 296- 7, 299, 301, 303-
see Gurthang. . 4, 306- 7, 3 1 0, 3 15, 3 1 8, 3 70- 1, 404.
Brilthor - (S. "Glittering Torrent"). The fourth of the Calenhad -Sixth of the beacons ofGondor in Ered Nimrais.
tributaries of Gelion in Ossiriand. Read 5il 123. (The name probably meant "green space," with reference to the
Brithiach - (S.). The ford over Sirion north of the Forest of flat turf-covered crown ofthe hill: "had" being derived, with the
Brethil. Read 5iI 13 1-2, 136, 147, 158, 206, 227, 229; UT 4 1- usual mutation in combinations, from "sad" (S. "place, spot").
2, 54, 9L Read LotRllI 20, 94; UT 3 1 4.
Brithombar - (S.). The northern of the Havens of the Falas Calimehtar - Thirtieth King of Gondor, victor over the
on the coast of Beleriand. Read 5i1 58, 108, 120, 196, 246; UT Wainriders on the Dagorlad in T.A. 1899. Read UT 288-92,
33, 5 1, 53-4, 247. 3 12- 13.
84 Brithon - The river that flowed into the Great Sea at Calmindon - The "Light-tower" on T01 Uinen in the Bay of
Brithombar. Read 5il 196; UT 54. R6menna. Read UT 1 82.
Brodda - An Easterling in Hithlum after · the Nirnaeth Caradhras -(S. "Redhorn;" Kh. "Barazinbar"). The tallest of
Arnoediad who took as wife Aerin, kinswoman ofHurin; slain the three great peaks which rise above Moria. Unlike the
by Turin. Called also "the Incomer." Read Sil 198, 2 15; UT 69, neighboring mountains, Caradhras ia not a tame grey; rather it
104-9. is composed of an uplift of pink igneous rock. Normally, it
Brown Lands - The desolate region between Mirkwood and reflects the rays of the sun both at dawn and at sunset, taking on
the Emyn Muil. Read LotR1 492, 494; II 78, 100; UT 296, 299, a fiery color whenever the sky permits. Read LoOO 370, 374;
IT 360; ID 325.
307.
Bruinen -(So "Loudwater"). A river running through Eriador, CaragdUr - (S.). The precipice on the north side of Amon
marking the northern border of Eregion. At Tharbad, it joins Gwareth (the hill of Gondolin) ftom which Eol was cast to his
the Mitheithel to form the Gwathl6. Read UT 263. For Ford of death. Read 5i1 138.
Bruinen, below Rivendell, read LotRl 22, 253, 268, 3 1 3-4; UT Caranthir - (Q.). The fourth son ofFeanor, called the Dark;
353. "the harshest ofthe brothers and the most quick to anger;" ruled
Bucklebury Ferry - Ferry across· the Brandywine River in Thargelion; slain in the assault on Doriath. Read 5il 60, 83,
between Bucklebury and the Marish. Read UT 344, 352. I l2- 13, 124, 129, 132, 142-3, 145-6, 153, 157, 236.
BUr Esmer - Major trade city locted in southwestern Far Caras GaIadhon - (S. "City of the Great Tree"). Capitol of
Harad. BurEsmer is on the highway calledMen Falas (S. "Coast L6rien after Galadriel's return in T.A. I 9 8 I .Read LotRl457; II
Way"), approximately 150 miles west of Bozisha-Dar. It 94, 135; UT 246, 261, 267.
overlooks the river Sires. Carcharoth -(S.). The great wolfofAngband that bit offthe
Bywater - Village in the Shire a few miles south-east of hand of Beren bearing the Silmaril; slain by Huan in Doriath.
Hobbiton. Read LotR1 45; ill 259; UT 335. The name is ttanslated in the text as "the Red Maw." Read 5il
180-2, 184-6. Called also Anfauglir (S. "Jaws of Thirst") and
C the Wolf (read LotRl 260; UT 1 1 5).
Cabed-en-Aras - (S. "Deer's Leap"). Deep gorge in the river Cardolan - (S. "Red-hill Land," "Land of Red Hills"). The
Teiglin, where TUrin slew Glaurung, and where Nienor leapt to southernmost part of Amor, bounded in the west by the
her death; see Cabed Naeramarth. Read 5i1 22 1, 223, 225; UT Baranduin and in the north by the East Road, Cardolan was a
130-2, 1 3 7-8, 140, 142, 144-5, 149-50. separate DUnadan kingdom from T.A. 86 I until T.A. 1409. It
Cabed Naeramarth - (S. ':Leap of Dreadful Doom"). The collapsed under the weight ofthe Witch-king's Angmarim, and
name given to Cabed-en-Aras after Nienor leapt from its cliffs. its last Ruling Prince perished while fighting in the Barrow­
Read 5il 224, 229; UT 138, 145, 150. downs, at the edge of the Old Forest. Cardolan was the most
Cair Andros - Island in the river Anduin north of Minas densely populated area of old Amor, containing sizable popu­
Tirith fortified by Gondor for the defense of An6rien. Read lations ofDunlendings, Eriadoran Northmen, and DUnedain,
LotRllI 102; UI: 293, 301, 3 1 9, 383. as well as scattered groups of Befftaen. Read 5i1 291; UT 348,
Calacirya - (Q. "Cleft of Light"). The pass made in the 354.
mountains of the Pel6ri, in which was raised the green hill of Carn DUm - ChiefForttess of Angmar. ReadLotRl 198, 202;
TUna. Read Si1 59, 6 1-2, 72, 82, 102, 248. UT 398. .
Calaquendi - (Q. "Elves of the Light"). Those Elves who Carnen -(So "Redwater"). River flowing down from the Iron
lived or had lived in Aman (the High Elves). See Dark Elves. Hills to join the River Running. Read UT 398.
Read Si1 53, 56, 104, 108. Carnil - Name of a (red) star. Read 5il 48.
Calembel - (S. "Great Green"). Chief city of Lamedon, it is Carrock, The - A rocky islet in the upper Anduin. See also
located atop a hill overlooking the west bank of the river Ciril. Ford of Carrock. Read UT 288, 3 12- 13, 343, 353, 40 1.
There, the road from Linhir and Ethring crosses the river by way Celduin - (S. "River Running"). River flowing from the
of a ford. This highway strikes westward through Tarlang's Lonely Mountain to the Sea ofRhun. Read UT 289, 296, 398.
Neck to Erech. Read LotRllI 75. Celebdil-(S. "Silvertine;" Kh. "Zirak-zigil"). Southernmost
of the three mountains above Moria. Heavily snowbound, it is
the whitest ofthe triad. On a ledge near its peak stands Durin's
Tower; beneath it descends the Endless Stair which connects
the heights, the Dwarven city, and the Underpassages deep
within the earth. Read LotRl 3 70, 423; 11 134; ill 325.
Celehorn [I] - (S. "Tree of Silver"). The name ofthe tree on Ce10n - River flowing southwest from the Hill of Himring.
Tol Eressea, a scion of Galathilion. Read Si[ 59, 263; UT 266. a tributary of Aros. The name means "stream flowing down
Celehorn r2] - (S.). A Sinda ElfofDoriath, he was a kinsman from heights." Read Si[ 96, 124, 132, 135, 1 42, 146, 156; UT
ofThingol. Celeborn wedded Galadriel and remained with her 77.
in Middle-earth after the end of the First Age. He and his wife Ce10s -One ofthe rivers ofLebennin in Gondor; tributary of
ruled Lothl6rien. His Quenya name was Teleporno (which the Sirith. (The name must be derived from the root kelu� ("flow
means "Tall and Silver"). ReadLotRI 457, 458�62; 1154�5, 88; out swiftly"), formed with an ending �sse, �ssa, seen in Quenr,a
ill 309�25; Si[ 1 15, 234, 254, 298; UT 206, 228-9, 23 1-7, kelusse"(" freshet, water falling out swiftly from a rocky spring' ).
.
240, 243-6, 250-2, 256, 258, 266- 7, 281, 286. Read UT 243.
Celebrant - (S. "Silverlode;" Kh "Kibil-nala"). The river Ce10sien -(S. "Land ofFlowing Snow"). N orthwesternmost
running eastward out of the Misty Mountains at the Kheled­ of Lebennin's four districts, it is roughly the territory between
wam. It is joined downstream by the Nimrodel (S. "White the Gilrain and the Sirith, from the Ered Nimrais to the river
Cave-lady"), cuts through L6rien, and eventually joins the Semi.
Anduin.ReadLotRI359, 442, 448;LotRl1l325;Si[298; UT260, Ceorl - Rider of Rohan who brought news of the Second
28 1-2. Translated Silverlode, read UT 245, 260- 1, 28 1, 343. Battle of the Fords ofIsen. ReadLot.lUI 168; UT 364, 366, 368.
See also Field of Celebrant.
Cerm Amroth - (So "Amroth's Mound"). Site ofthe home of .
Celebrian - Daughter of Celeborn and Galadriel, wedded to L6rien's king Amroth during the early Third Age. Read LotRI 85
Elrond. Read LotRI 485�6; UT 234, 23 7, 240, 244, 25 1. 455; UT 216, 240, 246, 255.
Celebrimhor - (S. "Hand of Silver"). Son of Curufm, who Cerrnie - (Q.). Quenya name ofthe seventh month according
remained in Nargothrond when his father was expelled. In the to the NUmen6rean calendar, corresponding to July. Ceveth is
Second Age greatest of all the smiths ofEregion; maker of the the Sindarin name. Read UT 291-2, 294.
Three Rings of the Elves; slain by Sauron. Read LotRI 3 1 8, 322,
Children oflluvatar - Also Children ofEru: translations of
398; Si[ 1 76, 286, 288; UT 235-8, 244, 250-2, 254. Hini lluvataro, Eruhini; the Firstborn and the Followers, Elves
Celebros - (S. "Silver Foam," "Silver Rain"). A stream in and Men. Also The Children, Children of the Earth (read UT
Brethil falling down to Teiglin near the Crossings. Read Si[ 220; 29), Children ofthe World (read UT 56). Read Si[passim, esp. 1 8,
UT 123, 127, 130, l 36. 41; UT 156. For the Elder Children (Elves), read UT 62. For the
Celegorm - The third son ofFeanor, called the Fair; until the Two Kindreds, read Si[ 248�9, 259, 295.
Dagor Bragollach lord ofthe region ofHimlad with Curufm his Circles of the World - ReadUT 67, 242, 395.
brother; dwelt in Nargothrond and imprisoned Luthien; master
Cirdan - ("The Shipwright"). Telerin Elf, lord of the Falas
of Huan the wolfhound; slain by Dior in Menegroth. Read Si[
(coasts of West Beleriand); at the destruction of the Havens
60, 62, 83; 107, 124, 13 1-2, l35, 152, 169- 70, 1 72-3, 1 76- 7, after the Nirnaeth Amoediad escaped with Gil-galad to the Isle
183-4, 188-9, 236, 286; UT 54, 235. ofBalar; during the Second and Third Ages keeper of the
Grey Havens in the Gulf of LhCm; at the coming of
HUll"
Mithrandir entrusted to him Narya, the Ring of Fire. Read
LotRI 3 15, 320, 348; ill 383; Si[58, 9 1-2, 96, 107, 1 13,
120, 128, 160, 1 96, 212, 244, 246- 7, 254, 295, 298-300,
304; UT 20, 32, 34-5, 5 1-2, 53, 55, 156, 159-60, 1 62,
1 71, 1 74-6, 200, 205, 232, 23 7, 239, 247, 254, 283, 388-
9, 392, 400, 414.
Cirion - Twelfrh Ruling Steward of Gondor, who
granted Calenardhon to the Rohirrim after the Battle of
the Field of Celebrant in T.A. 251 0. Read LotRlI 363; UT
278, 288, 296- 7, 299, 301- 1 0, 3 13, 3 15, 3 1 7, 3 71. For
Chronicle of/Tale of Cirion and Eorl, read UT 278, 288,
296, 3 1 0. For Oath ofCirion, read UT 3 1 0, 3 1 7, 365, 3 71;
for words of the oath, read UT 305, 3 1 7.
Cirith Caradhras - (S. "Redhorn Pass," "Redhorn
Gate;" Kh. "Lagil Barazinbar"). The high pass crossing
the Misty Mountains between Caradhras and Celebdil. 1t
connects Eregion to L6rien. On the east side, the road
drops by way of a Dwarf-stair which runs alongside the
falls feeding the Kheled-zaram.
Cirith Ithil - (S. "Pass of the Moon"). The main pass
which leads beneath Minas Ithil and the Tower of Cirith
Ungol, along which trade and troop transfers traveled. It
was much easier to negotiate than the Cirith Ungol, an
adjacent and sometimes connected way. Mter the fall of
Minas Ithil, it was referred to as the "Morgul Pass," and
of course heavily watched and guarded by servants of
.
Sauron.
Cirith Ninniach - (S. "Rainbow Cleft"). The name
given by Tuor to the ravine leading from the western hills
ofDor-16min to the Firth ofDrengist, by which he came
to the Western Sea; see Annon-in-Gelydh. Read Si[ 238;
UT 23, 46.
 Cirith Thoronath - (S. "Eagle's Cleft"). A high pass i n the Dagnir - One of the twelve companions of Barahir on
mountains north ofGondolin, where Glorfmdel fought with a Dot:thonion. Real 5i1 155:
Balrog and fell into the abyss. Real 5il 243. Dagor A2lareb - (S. "The Glorious Battle"). Third of the
Cirith Ungol ....:.... (S.
"Spider's Cleft"). An ancient, narrow, great battles in the Wars ofBeleriand. Read 5i1 1 15- 1 6, 1 1 8, 125.
winding way which runs over the Ephel DUath above Minas Dagor BragoIlach - (S. "The Battle of Sudden Flame"). Also
. Morgul, basically parallel to the Cirith Ithil, althou�h it is more simply the Bragollach; fourth of the great battles in the wars of
sheltered. Part of its route passes through Shelob s Lair. Read Beleriand, in which the siege of Angband was ended. Read Sil
lAtRll 3 1 8; III 1 02; UT 280. 151, 155, 158, 1 60, 1 88, 1 9 1, 1 96, 2 12; UT 34, 52-3, 57-8, 60,
Cirth - The Runes, first devised by Daeron of Doriath. Read 159.
5i1 95. Dagor Dagorath - (S.). The prophesied coming of the End
Ciryatur - Ntimenorean admiral commanding the fleet sent when Melkor will return and Manwe descend from his moun­
by Tar-Minastir to the aid ofGil-galad against Sauron. Read UT tain. Read UT 395-6, 402, 8.
239, 261. Dagorlad - (S. "Battle-plain"). Wide, flat, grassy plain that
Ciryon - Third son ofIsildur, slain with him at the Gladden lies north and northeast of Udlin and the main pass into
Fields. Read 5i1 295; UT 27l, 274, 280. Mordor. It was on this field that the army of the Last Alliance
Corsairs of Umbar - Originally descendants of Castamir of Men and Elves defeated the forces ofSauron near the end of
86 ("the Usurper") ofGondor and his followers, the Captains who the Second Age (S.A. 3434). Those slain in the battle were
fled Gondor in the latter days of the Kin-strife (T.A. 1432-47). buried in great mounds erected on that plain. Read lAtRll 266,
This group seized control ofUmbar in T.A. 1448. Thereafter, 294, 324; lll 87, 345; Si1 293, 296; UT235, 27l, 289-90, 292,
they became associated with maritime raiding and were labeled 296, 3 12- 13, 3 1 9. For Battle of Dagorlad, read UT 240, 243-
"Corsairs." The tenn later became associated with any pirates 4, 258. Later battles on the Dagorlad: the victory in T.A. 1899
based in Umbar or along the coasts ofHarad. Read lAtR1lI 149, of King Calimehtar over the Wainriders, read UT 289-90; the
1 69; UT 296, 3 12. defeat and death of King Ondoher in T.A. 1944, read UT 292.
Cotton, Farmer - Tolman Cotton, Hobbit of Bywater. Read Dagor-nuin-Giliath - (S. "The Battle-under-Stars"). The
'
UT 354. second battle in the wars ofBeleriand, fought in Mithrim after
the coming of Feanor to Middle-earth. Read 5il 106.
Council of Elrond - Council held at Rtvendell before the
departure ofthe Fellowship ofthe Ring. Read lAtRl34, 3 1 4; UT Dain Ironfoot - (Kh.) Lord of the Dwarves of the Iron Hills,
2 76, 283, 287, 352-4, 394, 400, 412. afterwards King under the Mountain; slain in the Battle ofDale.
Council, The - In various references: the Council of the Read lAtRl 301, 3 1 7; lll 1 93; UT 326-7.
Sceptre (the King's Council ofNtimenor, read esp. UT 2 1 6- 1 7), Dairuin - One of the twelve companions of Barahir on
UT 197, 204, 208-9, 2 1 1, 2 1 6- 1 7; the Council ofGondor, read Dorthonion. Read Sil 155.
UT 408; see the White Council. Dale - Country of the Bardings about the feet of Mount
Crissaegrim -The mountain-peaks south ofGondolin, where Erebor, allied with the Kingdom of the Dwarves under the
the eyries of Thoro�dor were located. Read 5i1 121, 154, 158, Mountain. ReadlAtRl32, 51; 1140; UT2 78, 289, 322. See also
1 82, 200, 22 7; UT- 42, 55. Battle of Dale.

Crossings of Teiglin - In the southwest of the Forest of Dalemen - The Northmen of Dale.
Brethil, where the old road southward from the Pass of Sirion Danan Lin - (Du. "Learned People"). Term from the dialect
crossed the Teiglin. Read 5i1 147, 205-6, 216- 7, 2 1 9, 223, 225, of the easternmost tribe of the Daen Lintis. Danan Lin is
229; UT 54, 90- 1, 1 I 1-12, 122, 124, 126- 7, l30- 1, 136- 7, synonymous with Daen Lintis.
1 43, 1 49-50, 3 79. Also known as the Crossings. Dark Elves - In the language of Aman all Elves that did not
C�vienen -(Q. "Water ofAwakening"). The lake in Middle­ cross the Great Sea were Dark Elves (or Moriquendi, the
earth where the first Elves awoke, and where they were found by Sindarin tenn meaning "Elves of Darkness"), and the term is
Orome. Read 5il 48, 50-3, 55, 83, 99, 233; UT 228, 236. sometimes used thus, (read 5il 104, 122), when Caranthir called
Curufin - (Q.). The ftft� son of Hanor, called the Crafty; Thingol a Dark Elf it was intended opprobriously, and was
father of Celebrimbor. For the origin of his name see Feanor; especially so, since Thingol had been to Aman and was not
and for his history see Celegonn. Read5il 60, 83, 124, l32, 135- accounted among the Moriquendi, (read Sil 56). But in the
6, 152, 1 69- 70, 1 72-3, 1 76-8, 1 83-4, 1 88-9, 236, 286; UT 54, period ofthe Exile of the Noldor it was often used ofthe Elves
235. of Middle-earth other than the Noldor and the Sindar, and is
then virtUally equivalent to Avari, (read 5il 104, 123, 141).
D Different again is the title Dark Elf ofthe Sindarin ElfE61, (read
Daen Coentis - (On. "People of Skill"). Ancestors of the Sil 132, 135, 201); but at Sil 137, Turgon no doubt meant that
Dunlendings and (indirectly) the DrUedain (Woses) of the E61 was of the Moriquendi. Read Sil 53, 56, 9 1, 108.
White Mountains. The Eredrim of Dor-en-Emil are descen­
Dark Lord, The -The term is used ofMorgoth (read Sil 22 7;
dants ofthe Daen Coentis. This forgotten race is the indigenous UT 79), and ofSauron. Read 5il 289, 299, 302; UT 23 1.
Mannish population in most ofwhat is now central and western
Dark Years - The years of the dominion of Sauron in the
Gondor. Animistic, superstitious, and industrious, they leave a
Second Age. Read lAtRll 40, 422; III 23; UT 3 70.
wealth of stone carvings and megalithic structures in the hills
and high vales they fmd so sacred. They trace their lineages Days of Flight - The Elvish name for the Black Years. Read
through the female line and revere the Earth Mistress (a Si1 289.
manifestation of Yavanna) as high goddess. Their tongue, Dead Marshes - (S. "Loeg Em"). Foul swamps stretching
Daenael, is often called Old Dunael, since it spawned the south and east from the edge ofEmyn Muil (S. "Drear Hills").
Dunael speech of the Dunlendings. During the Third Age, it spread eastward, out onto Dagorlad.
Daeron -(S.). Minstrel and chiefloremaster ofKing Thingol; Read lAtRl 332, 484; 11 285, 295; UT 258, 293-5, 342.
deviser of the Cirth (Runes); enamoured of Luthien and twice Deagol - A Stoor ofthe Vales of Anduin, finder of the One
betrayed her; friend (or kinsman) ofSaeros. ReallAtRl 416; 5il Ring. Real lAtRl 84-5; UT 353.
95, 1 I 3, 1 66, 1 72, 1 83, 254; UT 77, 147.
Deeping-coomb ---.: The valley leading up to Helm's Deep. Dor Firn-i-Guinar - (S. "Land of the Dead that Live"). The
Also called the Deeping. Read lAtRIl 1 70; ill 56, 3 1 7; UT 358, name ofthat region in OsSiriand where Beren and [uthien dwelt
365�6, 368. after'their return. Read Sil 188, 235.
Deeping-road -Road running northwards from the Deeping­ Do�th - (So "Land ofthe Fence�� "Dor lath') Refers to the
coomb to join the Great Road e;LSt ofthe Fords ofIsen. Read UT Girdle of Melian, earlier called Eglador; the kingdom of
358, if. "the branch going to the Hornburg." read UT 363. Thingol and Melian in the .forests of Neldoreth and. Region,
Deeping-stream - Stream flowing out ofHelm's Deep down ruled from Menegroth on the river Esgalduin. Also called th�
into Westfold. Read lAtRIl 1 69; UT 365. Hidden Kingdom and the Guarded Realm. Read lAtRl 3 1 9; 11
Denethor [I] - Son of Lenwe; leader of the Nandorin Elves
422; Silpassim, esp. 97, 12 1�2; UT 40�l, 54, 57, 63, 70�9, 8 1 �3,
that came at last over the Blue Mountains and dwelt in
85, 8 7�8, 90, 93�6, 1 00, If)9, l t2, 1 14� 15, 1 1 7, 120� 1, 124,
Ossiriand; slain on Amon Ereb in the first battle ofBeleriand.
144�8, 152, 155, 158, 1 7l, 228�9, 233�5, 247, 251, 259, 387.
Read Sil 54, 94�6, 122; UT 77. Dorlas - A Man of the Haladin in Brethil; went with Turin
Denethor [2] - Twenty-sixth and last Ruling Steward of
and Hunthor to the attack on Glaurung, but withdrew in fear;
slain by Brandir the Lame. Read Sil 2 1 6, 220� 1, 224; UT 1 1 O� .
Gondor and Lord ofMinas Tirith at the time ofthe War oftP.e
Ring; father ofBoromir and Faramir. ReaJlAtRl323, 325, 33 1 � .
12t 124, 126, 128�30, 132�3, 139, 1 48. For the wife ofDorlas, .
not named, read Si1 224; UT 132, 142.
2, 520; 11 18; ill 2 1, 24, 2 7�52, 96� 123, 134, 153�9; UT 338,
399, 403, 405�9, 4 1 1�13. . Dor-16min - (S.). Region in the south of Hithlum, the 87
territory of Fingon, given as a fief to the house of Hador; the
Dear - Seventh King of Rohan. Read lAtRill 3 15 UT 3 72�3.
home of Hurin and Morwen. Read Si1 89, 1 1 9�20, 147, 155,
Dimbar - The land between the rivers Sirion and Mindeb. .
158�60, 190, 1 94, 1 98�9, 204, 209, 2 1 1, 2 1 4� 1 7, 224�5, 228,
Read Sil 1 2 1, 1 32, 158, 1 76, 201�2, 204�6, 228; UT 4 1, 43�4, 230, 232�3, 238; UT 1 7�20, 52, 57, 59, 66, 68� 70, 74�5, 78, 80,
54, 90, 95, 148. 85� 7, 95, 104, 108, 1 12, 121, 124, 1 44, 1 46�9, 154, 157, 159�
Dior - Ca:lled Aranel, and also Eluchil (S. "Thingol's Heir"); 62, 215, 386. For "the Lady of Dor-16min" (Morwen), read Sil
son of Beren and Luthien and father of Elwing, Elrond's 1 98; UT65, 68�9, 107, 1 13. For the Mountains ofDor-16min,
mother; came to Doriath from Ossiriand after the death of that p� of Ered Wethrin that formed the southern fence. of
Thingol, and received the Silmaril after the death ofBeren and Hithlum, read UT 39. For Lord ofDor-16min, read lIT 65�66
Luthien; slain in Menegroth by the sons ofFeanor. Read Sil 1 88, (Hurin) and UT 107, 109 (Turin)' For Dragon ofDor-16min, see
234� 7, 240, 244, 246, 251, 253�4; UT 233. Dragon-helm.
Dirhavel - Man of Dor-16min,
. author of the Nam i Hin Dorthonion - (S. "Land of Pines"). The great forested
Hurin. Read UT 1 46. highlands on the northern borders of Beleriand; later called
Dirnaith - Wedge-shaped battle formation used by the Taur-nu-Fuin (S. "Forest under Night") and Delduwath (S.
DUnedain. Read UT 2 72, 282. "Horror ofNight-shadovy''); C£ Treebeard's song in ne Two
Dispossessed. The - The House of Feanor. Read Sil 88, I l l. Towers 90 "r0 !;he pine-trees upon the highland ofDorthonion
I climbed in the Winter... " Read Sil 51, 95, 1 06, 1 1 1, 1 15- 1 6,
Dol Amroth, - (S. "Hill ofAmroth"). The city and associated
castle located on the coast of northwestern Belfalas (western
1 19�21, 123�4, 143, 148, 151-3, 155, 1 60�4, 1 70, 1 75, 1 78-
Dor-en-Emil). Capital of the Land of the Prince, it was
9, 182, 184, 1 89�90, 200, 206�8; UT 51, 57, 68, 90, 95, 154,
originally (before T.A. 1981) called Lond Emil (S. "Haven of
28 1.
the Prince"). Dol Amroth also refers to the hill upon which the Downfall (of NUmenor) - The sinking o f Andor, the Land
town and citadel stand, a great granite massif that juts out into of the Gift, when its last king, Ar-Pharazon, defied the edict of
the Bay of Belfaias. ReadlAtRill 23; UT 2 1 4, 240, 247�8, 255, the Valar and set foot on the Undying Lands. Read UT 1 65, 1 71,
3 13, 3 1 6. With reference to the Lords or Princes of Dol 2 1 4, 219, 22 1, 224, 243, 286, 3 1 6,- 1 7, 385�6, 395�6, 398.
Amroth read UT 246�8, 255, 302, 304�5, 3 13, 3 1 6. See also Downs, The - Referring to the White Downs in the
Angelirnar, Adrahil, lmrahil. Westfarthing of the Shire. Read lAtRl 1 60; UT 323.
Dol Baran - (S. "Gold-brown Hill"). A hill at the southern Dragon-helm of Dor-16min - Heirloom of the House of
end of the Misty Mountains, where Peregrin Took looked into Hador, worn by Turin, also called the Helm of Hador. Read Sil
the palantir of Orthanc. Read lAtRIl 248; UT 405�6. 199, 204�5, 21 1, 230; UT 76, 78-9, 90, 94, 153�5. As Dragon
Dol Gtddur - (S. "Hill of Sorcery"). A treeless height in the of Dor-16min, read UT 75; as Dragon-head of the North, read
south-we:;t ofMirkwood, fastness of the Necromancer (before UT 76; as Helm of Hador, read UT 75�6, 146, 152.
he was revealed-as Sauron returned) in the Third Age. ReadlAtRl Dragons - In Quenya., called Urul6ki ("Fire-serpent"). Read
328; 11 3 19, 422; SiI 299�302; UT 236, 244, 246, 252, 280, Sil 1 l 6, 192�3, 212, 242�3, 252, 260, 289, 2�9.
297�8, 303, 307, 3 13, 32 1�4, 330, 332, 336, 338�9, 343�5, Drake - A term typically synonymous with Dragon. but of a
350, 352�3. See also Amon Lane. slightly more generalized nature. Read Sil 192�3, 242�3, 252,
Dolmed - (S. "Wet Head"). A great mountain in the Ered 260, 289, 299.
Luin, near the Dwarf-cities ofNogrod and Belegost. Read Sil 91 � Dramborleg -The great axe ofTuor. preserved in NUmenor.
2, 96, 193, 235. Read UT 1 72.
Dor-CUarthol - (S. "Land of Bow and Helm"). Name ofthe Draugluin - (S.). The great werewolfslain by Huan at Tol­
country defended by Beleg and Turin from their lair on Amon in-Gauthoth, and in whose form Beren entered Angband. Read
Rudh. Read Si1 205; UT 152, 154. Sil 1 74, 1 78�80.
Dor Daedeloth - (S. "Land ofthe Shadow ofHorror"). The Dre! - Region ofEndor located at the southwestern tip ofthe
land of Morgoth in the north. Read Sil 107, 109, 1 1 1. continent. near Metham (HyamUmente). This warm. dry land
Dor Dinen - (S. "The Silent Land"). Nothing dwelt there, contains the great forest of Valagalen. It is named for the four
between the upper waters of Esgalduin and Aros. Read Sil 121. Apysan tribes of the same name that occupy the region. These
Dor-en-Emil - (S. "Land of the Prince"). Princely fief in Drel people are related to the Pel and the Adena.
south-central Gondor. Ruled by the Princes of Dol Amroth, it Drengist - (S.). The long firth that pierc�d Ered L6min. the
includes the area between the Gilrain/Serni and Morthond/ west-fence ofHithium. between Lammoth and Nevrast. ReadSil
Ringl6 rivers. Read UT 243, 255. 54, 80, 89-90, 97, 100, 1 1 6, 1 19, 160; UT 23�5, 1 60, 1 62.
 DrUadan Forest - Forest in An6rien at the Eastern end of A road from Edoras skirts the river Snowboume as it leaves
Ered Nimrais, where a remnant ofthe DrUedain or "Wild Men" Harrowdale. This route, at each tum of which were set the
survived in the Third Age. Also called Tawar-in-DrUedain. Real statues called PUkel-men , winds up a cliffin easternHarrowdale,
LotR1l1 l27; UT 3 l 9, 383-4. thereby reaching the shelf on the western side ofDunharrow.
Orue' dain - (W. "Woses," "TL.h_r , Wo. "Oroghu,"
LJ£U rolk·" From there, it crosses Dunharrow as a grand avenue flanked by
. "DrUgs;" Q. sing. "Ru," "RUatan," pI. "RUatani;" S. "Wildmen;" a double line ofstanding stones. Southeast ofthe meadow, at the
. . face of the Haunted Mountain (Dwimorberg), lies the Dark
R. "R' og," pI. "Rogm," smg. ",,-- uruacdan"). Ofiten called the
"Wild Men of the Wood," the Druedain are found in rugged, Door; this is the northern entry to the Paths of the Dead. It is
primeval woodlands like the Taur-in-DrUedain of northeast one of two Gates of the Dead. Read LotRll 156; ill 58, 60; UT
Gondor, the Taur Andrast along the southwest flanks of the 382-4, 387, 406. For Dead Men of Dunharrow (Men ofEred
White Mountains, the Eryn Vorn (S. "Black Woods") of Nimrais who were cursed by Isildur for breaking their oath of
southern Eriador, and the Forest of Brethil in the First Age. allegiance to him), read UT 3 70.
They are unexcelled woodcrafters and woodsmen who did not DUnhere - Rider of Rohan, Lord of Harrowdale; fought at
assimilate or cohabitate with other races. Instead, they prefer a the Fords ofIsen and at the Pellenor Fields, where he
' was slain.
rude life in the remote wilds; thus their name. Short, stocky, and Read LotR1l1 79, 83, 152; UT 362-3, 366.
having little- body hair, they resemble no other Men, although Dunland - A country about the west-skirts of the Misty
they are ancestrally tied to the Daen Coentis and are indirectly Mountains at their far southern end, inhabited by the
88 related to Dunlendings and Eredrim. Woses possess certain Dunlendings. ReadLotR1l1 79, 83, l52; UT 263, 347, 354, 3 70.
powers of enchantment and unique forms of magic, and guard
Dunlendings - (DI:}. "Daen Lintis"). A rugged race of
their sacre� places with bizarre carved images of themselves
Common Men who, for the most part, migrated out of the
(PUkel-men). These sculptures are said to have "powers associ­
White Mountains in the Second Age. Most settled in Eriador,
ated with life," such as sight and mobility. Oghor-hai is the
with the heaviest concentration in Dunland, in eastern
name given to the DrUedain by the Orcs (read UT 3 79) . Read
Enedhwaith' Descendants of the Daen Coentis, .Dunlendings
LotR1l1 l28; UT 3 70, 3 77-87, 397. have a medium or stocky build, sparse brown hair, and tanned
DrUwaith laur - (S. "The Old Wilderness ofthe Oro-folk"). or ruddy complexions. Men average 5'10"; women stand
Located in the mountainous promontory ofAndrast. Read UT around 5'6". Mostly mountain-dwellers or hill-loving herders,
26 l, 383-5, 387. Called the Old PUkel-wilderness (read UT they are known by various names: Dunmen, Dunnish Folk,
384), and Old PUkel-land (read UT 26 l, 387). Dunlanders, Eredrim, the Hillmen of the White Mountains,
Dry River - The river that once flowed out under the etc. The Eredrim ofDor-en-Ernil are a related folk. ReadLotRill
Encircling Mountains from the primeval lake where was after­ 58, 322; UT 262, 264, 362, 364, 366, 3 70-3. For "The
wards Tumladen, the plain of Gondolin. It also formed the Dunlending." Saruman's agent, the "squint-eyed southerner" in
entrance to Gondolin. Read Sil l36, 228; UT 42-4, 55. the inn at Bree, read UT348-9, 354. Also as adjectives Dunlending
Duilwen - The fifth of the tributaries ofGelion in Ossiriand. (read UT 357), and Dunlendish (read UT 3 47, 359, 362, 3 72-3).
Read Sil l 23. Durin 1 - (Kh.) Eldest of the Seven Fathers of the Dwarves.
D1inedain - (S. "Edain of the West;" sing. "DUnadan"). For Heir of Durin, Thorin Oakenshield, read LotRi 3 1 6, 387,
These High Men are descendants of the Edain who settled the 397; II l34, 1 94; ill l88; UT 328. For Durin's Folk, read UT
western island continent of N1imenor around S.A. 32. The 238, 324, 328, 334. For Durin's House/House of Durin, read
DUnedain returned to explore, trade with, colonize, and later UT 328-9.
conquer many areas along the western, southern, and eastern Durin ill - (Kh.) Lord of the Dwarves of Khazad-dilm
coasts of Endor �uring the Second Age. Unfortunately, their (Moria) at the time ofSauron's assault on Eregion. Read Si1 44,
hubris and desire for power led them to attempt an invasion of 294; UT 238.
the, Valar's Undying Lands. As a result, Eru (the One) de­ Dwarf-road - Road leading down into Beleriand from the
stroyed their home island in S.A. 3319. Those called the cities ofNogrod and Belegost, and crossing Gelion at the ford
"Faithful" opposed the policies and jealous Elf-hatred that of Sam Athrad. Read Sil 1 40, 1 43, 1 45; UT 75. Also translating
prompted this "Downfall:: The Faithful were saved when Men-i-Naugrim, a name of the Old Forest Road (see Roads),
N1imenor sank, sailing east to northwestern Middle-earth. read UT 280.
There they founded the "Realms in Exile," the kingdoms of
Dwarves - (Kh. "Khcld"). Although fashioned by the Vala
Arnor and Gondor. Although sparsely populated, Arthedain
Aule before the awakening of Men, this hardy but short race
(in Arnor) contains the highest proportion of the Faithful and
came into Endor after the Secondborn. Long-lived yet mortal,
the most purely DUnadan culture in all of Endor. Many
they remain apart from both Elves and Men. The Sindarin
"unfaithful" (or "Black N1imen6rean") groups survive as well,
names are Naugrim, "The Stunted People," Gonnhirrim, "Mas­
living in colonies and indep endent states such as Umbar.
ters of Stone," and Nogothrim. Read LotRi 20; II 26; ill 187,
The term DUnedain refers to the N1imen6reans and their
3 l 6; SiI 43-4, 9 l-6, 1 13- l 4, l24, l33-5, l 40, 157, 189-90,
descendents in Middle-earth, groups which possess consider­
193, 204, 2 1 0, 232-5, 286, 288-9, 294, 299; UT 55, 75, 97-9,
able physical and mental strength, longevity, and a rich Elven­
102-3, 128, l46, 235-8, 2'11, 252, 254, 258-9, 28 1, 299, 3 1 8,
influenced culture. Adilnaic is their native language. Read LotRi
32 1-4, 326-8, 330, 332-6, 353, 3 79, 382, 387, 397, 399.
23, 324; II l36, 338; ill 55-62, 279; UT 200, 2 l 6, 2 l 9, 259, Referring to the Petry-dwarves: read SiI 202-6, 2 1 2, 230; UT
27l-6, 279-80, 283-8, 295, 33 7, 34l, 348, 354, 370, 389, 398, 100, l48, 150. Seven Fathers of the Dwarves: read SiI 43-4, 92.
405, 4 l 4. For Star of the DUnedain, read UT 284-5. For the Necklace of the Dwarves see Nauglamlr. For the Seven
Dunharro w-(R. "DUnharg;" W. "Dark Burial-place," "Dark Rings of the Dwarves see Rings of Power.
Temple"). A fortified mountain meadow in Ered Nimrais
looking out over the east edge of the vale of Harrowdale. This
ancient refuge serves as an exalted burial field and place of
worship. Three mountains - the Starkhorn, Irensaga, and
Dwimorberg - enclose Dunharrow from the south, north, and
east respecrively.
 E Easterlings - Also called Swarthy Men; entered Beleriand
from the East in the time after the Dagor Bragollach, and fought
E. - Abbreviation for Eldarin, the first language ofthe Eldar.
on both sides in the Nirnaeth Arnoediad; given Hithlum as a
Eli - ("Existence"). Ea, literally, "It is" or "Let it be," was the
dwelling-place by Morgoth, where they oppress�d the remnant
word oflluvatar when the WorId began its existence. Ea is all
ofthe People ofHador. ReM. 5il 157, 1 93, 1 95, 1 98, 2 1 5, 227,
that is, the whole of Eru's creation and includes Arda and
238; UT 1 7- 1 9, 56, 68-70, 72, l O4, l O6, l O8-9. Called m
Heaven (Menel). Born out of the Great Music (Ainulindale)
Hithlum "Incomers," see UT lO4, lO7-8. In the Third Age, a
that defined the divine order of existence, it remains bound by
general term for the waves ofMen driving in upon Gondor from
the patterns (Essence) of the Song. Outside of Ea are the
the eastern regions ofMiddle-earth (see Wainriders, Balchoth).
Timeless Halls ofEru (The One) and the Ainur (Holy Spirits)
ReM. LotRI 322; 11 363; ill 1 48 UT 308, 3 1 I-12, 3 1 9, 371.
and the Timeless Void (Nothingness). ReM. 5i120, 25-6, 29, 36,
Eastfold - A part of Rohan on the northern slopes o f Ered
39, 43, 48-9, 56, 72, 74, 78, 85, 88, 98; UT 1 73, 396.
Nimrais, east of Edoras. The element "fold" is derived from
Eagles - Witnesses ofManwe. ReM. LotRI 342, 343, 360, 387;
Anglo-Saxon ''folde'' ("earth, ground, region"), as also in The
ill 208, 382; 5i1 46, 64, 1 I0, 1 21, 125, 158-9, 1 82, 228, 241,
Folde. ReM. LotRill 89; UT 306, 364.
277. For Eagles ofthe Crissaegrim, reat!. UT 42-3, 55. For Eagles
East-mark - The eastern half 'of Rohan in the military
ofNUmenor (also called the Eagles of Memeltanna and Wit­
organization ofthe Rohirrim, bounded from the West-mark by
nesses of Manwe), reat!. UT 1 66, 1 69. With reference to
the Snowboum and the Entwash. Read UT 3 64, 367-80. See also
Gwaihir, who rescued Gandalf from Orthanc, read LotRI 243, 89
Marshal of the East-mark (reM. UT 369) and Muster of the
356; 11 126, 1 35, ill 2 78-82; UT 346.
Eastmark (reM. UT 367-8).
Eambar- (S. "Sea-dwelling"). The ship built by Tar-Aldarion
Echadi Sedryn-(S. "Camp ofthe Faithful"). The name given
for his dwelling-place, on which was the Guildhouse of the
to the refuge ofTUrin and Beleg on Amon Rudh. Read UT 153.
Venturers. Read UT 1 76, 1 78, 180, 1 82, 190, 201, 2 1 4.
Echoriath -(S. "The Encircling Mountains"). Located about
Earendil - (S. "Lover of the Sea"). Called "Halfelven," "the
the plain ofGondolin. ReM. 5il 1 15, 138, 158, 228, 240- 1; UT
Blessed," "the Bright," "the Mariner" and Gil-Estel (S. "Star of
Hope"); son of Tuor and Idril Turgon's daughter; father of
42-3, 48, 54. Also known as Ered en Echoriath (reM. UT 40),
the Encircling Mountains (read LotRill 2 78; UT 40, 54-5), and
Elrond and Elros; escaped from the sack ofGondolin (where he
Mountains ofTurgon (real UT 43). For other references, see UT
was born) and wedded Elwing daughter ofDior at the Mouths
ofSirion; sailed with her to Aman and pleaded for help against
4 1-2.
Morgoth (read UT 156); set to sail the skies in his ship Vingilot Ecthelion [11 - Elf-lord ofGondolin, who in the sack of the
bearing the Silmaril that Beren and Luth'ien brought out of city slew and was slain by Gothmog Lord of Balrogs; called
Angband ( for the Star ofEarendil, reM.LotRI 472; UT 30, 1 7l, Lord of the Fountains and Warder of the Great Gate. Read 5il
215). Read LotRI 26 1, 308; 11 408, 4 1 8; 5il lO5, 1 48, 241-2, lO7, 194, 239, 242; UT 46, 50- 1, 55-6.
244, 246-50, 252, 254-5, 259-6 1, 264, 270, 275-6, 279, 28 1, Ecthelion r2] - Twenty-ftfth Ruling Steward ofGondor, the
286; UT52, 55, 1 46, 1 7l, 1 92, 199, 2 1 8, 249, 25 1. For the Lay second of the name; father ofDenethor II. ReM. LotRill 28; UT
ofEarendil, read 5i1 246, 259. For the Stone of Earendil (the 407, 4 13.
Elessar) read UT 249-50. Edain - (S. "The Second People;" sing. "Adan;" Q. "Atani" ).
Earendur [I] - (S.). Younger brother ofTar-Elendil, born in Despite the fact that the term Edain originally refers to all Men,
the year 361 of the Second Age. Read 5i1 268; UT 208. it is eventually restricted to the descendants of the High Men
Earendur [2] - (S.). Fifteenth Lord of AndUnie, brother of who first befriended the Elves and warred against the Black
Lindorie (grandmother of Tar-Palantir). Read UT 223. Enemy Morgoth. These fathers of Men include many groups,
notably the DUnedain. ReM. LotR1l 365; UT 1 7, 2 1, 29, 57-9,
Earendur [3] - (S.). Tenth King of Arnor. Read 5i1 296.
62-3, 65, 69, 77, 85, 155- 7, 1 70-1, 1 73, 1 78, 184, 186, 1 90,
Eirni1 n - (S.). Thirty-second King of Gondor, victor over
209, 213, 253, 383, 385-6. See also TUrin, DrUedain, and
the Haradrim and the Wainriders in T.A. 1944. Read 5i1 297;
DUnedain.
UT 24 1, 291-5.
Edhellond - (S. "Elf-haven"). Elven haven and port located
Eimur - (S.). Son of Earnil; thirty-third and last King of
in the Morthond river delta. Read UT255; 261. Called Amroth's
Gondor, in whom the line of Anarion came to its end. Died in
Haven, read UT 246. See also UT 24 1, 246-8 for other
Minas Morgul. Read LotRI1 352; ill 303; 5iI 297; UT295, 3 1 9. references.
Earrame - (S. "Sea-wing"). The name ofTuor's ship. Read 5il
EdhelrimjEledhrim - (S. "The Elves"). Sindarin edhel/
245. eledh and collective plural ending -rim. ReaJ. UT 3 1 8.
Eirwen -Daughter ofOlwe ofAlqualonde, Thingol's brother;
Edoras - (R. "The Courts"). Capital ofRohan, Edoras is built
wedded Finarftn ofthe Noldor. From Earwen Finrod, Orodreth,
on ari ancient hill site at the edge of the White Mountains. Its
Angrod, Aegnor, and Galadriel had Telerin blood and were dike, stockade, and wood and stone buildings are erected soon
therefore allowed entry into Doriath. Read 5i1 60, I l l, 128; UT
afrer T.A. 2510. Although fortifted; it remains vulnerable.
229-30, 232, 234. Nearby Dunharrow serves as the town's refuge. Read LotRI 343;
East Bight - The great indentation in the eastern border of 1150, 132, 14 I; ill53; UT55, 277, 3 1 6, 340, 346-7, 356, 358-
Mirkwood. Read UT 288, 298, 3 10, 3 12. See also Narrows of 6 1, 364-8, 4 1 1. For Muster of Edoras see UT 360, 367-8.
the Forest.
Edrahil - Chief of the Elves ofNargothrond who accompa­
nied Finrod and Beren on their quest, and died in the dungeons
of Tol-in-Gaurhoth. Read 5il 1 70.
Egalmoth - Eighteenth Ruling Steward of Gondor. ReM. ut
373.
 Eldalonde - ("Haven of the Eldar"). Located in the Bay
ofEldannaat the mouth ofthe river Nunduine in NUmenor;
called "the Green." Read UT 1 6 7-8.
Eldamar - (S. "Elvenhome"). The portion of the Undy­
ing Lands in which the Elves dwelt. It includes two parts ­
(I) the mainland lowlands east ofthe mountains ofwestern
Aman (the PeI6ri), and (2) the island T01 Eressea off
Aman's east coast. Also the great Bay ofthe same name. Also
. called Elende. Read LotRi 309, 482; Il 258; Si1 58-9, 6 1, 63,
69-70, 72-3, 85-6, I l l, 134, 1 76, 248.
Eldanna - Great bay in the west of NUmenor, so called
"because it faced towards Eressea." Linguistically, E/Ja (r) +
rV
sufftx -( na "of movement towards." Read UT 167.
Eldar - (Q. "Elves;" "People of the Stars"). The Vala
Orome named all the Elves Eldar (read SiI 49). However the
term changed, eventually refering only to the Elves of the
90 Three Kindreds (Vanyar, Noldor, and Teleri) who set out
on the westward march from Cuivienen (whether or not
they remained in Middle-earth), and to exclude the Avari.
The Elves of Aman, and all Elves who ever dwelt in Aman
,
were called the High Elves (Tareldar) and Elves ofthe Light
(Calaquendi). Those who n,ever saw the Light of the Two
Trees were the Dark Elves, Umanyar. Read Sil passim, see also
Elves; readLotRl 294; UT 25, 29, 34, 38, 4 1, 54, 57-9, 61-
2, 66:"'8, 8 1, 1 46, 151-2, 156-7, 159, 167-8, 1 70-1, 1 73-4,
1 77, 1 79, 1 8 1, 1 85-7, 189, 200, 209, 2 13, 2 15- 1 6, 21 9-2 1,
223, 225, 228-30, 232, 234-6, 241, 247, 250, 256, 258,
266, 276, 286, 288, 305, 3 77-9, 385, 389, 392-3, 395-6.
Eldarin(tongues), read UT223, 257, 265. Elves ofBeleriand,
read UT 232, 247. Elves of Eressea, read UT 1 70. In many
other passages, Elves used alone implies Eldar.
Eol
Eldarin- Ofthe Eldar; used in reference to the language(s)
Eglador - (S.). The former name of Doriath, before it was of the Eldar. Many occurences of the term in fact refer to
encompassed by the Girdle ofMelian; probably connected with Quenya, also called High Eldarin and High-elven.
the name Eglath. Read Sil 97. Elder Days - The First Age; also called the Eldest Days. Read
Eglarest - (S.). The southern ofthe Havens ofthe Falas on the LotRl 21, 205; II 55; Si1 30, 38, 103, 1 1 4, 208, 2 1 0, 231, 234,
coast ofBeleriand. ReadSil 58, 96, lfJ8, -1 20; 122, 1 96, 246; UT 242, 294, 304.
34, 5 1, 53, 247. Elder King - Manwe. Read Si1 249, 252. Title also claimed by
Eglath - ("The Forsaken People"). The name given to Morgoth, read UT 67.
themselves by the Telerin Elves who remained in Beleriand Elemmakil - Elf of Gondolin, captain of the guard of the
seeking for Elwe (Thingol) when the main
host of the Teleri outer gate. Read UT 45-50.
departt:d to Aman. Read Si1 58, 233. Elemmire [I] - Name of a star. Read Si1 48.
Eilenach -Second ofthe beacons ofGondor in Ered Nimrais, Elemmire [2] - Vanyarin El£ maker of the Aldudenide, the
the highest point of the Druadan Forest. Read LotRlll 20, 127; Lament for the Two Trees. Read Sil 76.
, UT 300- 1, 3 1 4, 3 1 9. Elendil - Called the Tall; son of Amandil, last lord of
Eiliniel - The wife of Gorlim the Unhappy. Read Sil 162-3. AndUnie in NUmenor, descended from Earendil and Elwing but
Eithel Sirion - (S. "Sirion's Well"). Located in the eastern not of the direct line of the Kings; escaped with his sons Isildur
face of Ered Wethrin, where was the great fortress ofFingolfm and Anarion from the Drowning ofNUmenor and founded the
and Fingon (see Barad Eithel). Read Sil 107, 1 19-20, 152, 160, NUmen6rean realms in Middle-earth; slain with Gil-galad in
1 90-1; UT 60, 75. the overthrow of Sauron at the end of the Second Age. The
Eket - Short broad-bladed sword. Read UT 284. name may be interpreted either as "Elf-friend" (cf. Elendili) or
as "star-lover." Also called the Faithful (Voronda, read UT 305,
Elanor [I] - A small golden star-shaped flower that grew both
in T01 Eressea and in Lothl6rien. Read LotRi 454, ill 3 79; UT
3 1 7). Read LotRl29, 83; II 1 8; ill 2 1 6; Sil 2 72, 275-6, 279-80,
189, 2 1 6. 290-6, 298, 303; UT 1 71, 2 15, 2 1 9, 224, 227, 2 71-2, 274, 277-
8, 280, 282, 286, 304-5, 308- 10, 3 1 6- 1 7, 386, 395, 408, 4 1 4.
Elanor [2J - Daughter of Samwise Gamgee, named after the
For Heirs/House of Elendil, read Si1 294; UT 255, 279, 304,
flower. Read LotRlll 3 79 ;UT 2 1 6, 284.
308-9, 408-9. For Star of Elendil, see Elendilmir. For the
Elatan of AndUnie - NUmen6rean, husband of Silmarien, Elendil Stone (the palantir of Emyn Beraid), read UT 4 1 4.
father of Valandil first Lord of AndUnie. Read UT 1 73.
Elendilmir - The white gem borne as the token of royalty on
Elbereth - (S. "Star-Queen"). ' Greatest of the Valier, the the brows ofthe Kings ofArnor (for the two jewels ofthis name,
spouse of Manwe, dwelling with him on Taniquetil. Other 7)
read UT 27 . Read UT 271, 274, 277-8, 283-5. For Star of
names ofElbereth are Varda (Q. "The Exalted," "The Lo "), fty Elendil, read UT 278, 284-5. For Star of the North/North­
Elentan, and Tintalle ("The Kindler") as she is called in kingdom, read UT 285.
Galadriel's lament in L6rien. Read LotR I 1 1 7, 489; II 430; ill
Elendur - (S.). Eldest son of lsildur, slain with him at the
23 1; Sil 25-6, 29-30, 35, 3 7, 39-40, 48, 53, 59, 67, 75-6, 78, G4dden Fields. Read Si1 295; UT 271-6, 280, 282, 284.
83, 99- 101, 1 74, 253, 255; UT 67, 393.
 Elenwe - Wife of Turgon; perished in the crossing of the Elwe - (Q.). Surnamed Singollo "Greyrnantle;" leader with
Helcaraxe. Read Sil 90, 134; UT 66. his brother Olwe of the nosts of the Teleri on the westward
Elessar [I] - A great green jewel of healing power made in journey from Cuivienen, until he was lost in Nan Elmoth;
Gondolin for Idril Turgon's daughter, who gave it to Earendil afterwards Lord of the Sindar, ruling in Doriath with Melian;
her son; the Elessar that Arwen gave to Aragorn being either received the Silrnaril from Beren; slain in Meriegroth by the
Earendil's jewel returned or another. Read UT 248-252. As the Dwarves. C�ed Elu (Thingol) in Sindarin. See Dark ElveS,
Stone ofEarendil, readLotRill 1 65; UT 249-50; as the Elfstone, Thingoi. Read Si1 52-5, 57-9, 9 1, 233-4; UT 232-3.
read UT 255. Elwing - ("Star-Spray"). Daughter ofDior Thingol's Heir,
Elessar [2] - The name foretold for Aragorn by 016rin, and who escaping from Doriath with the Silrnaril wedded Earendil
the name in which he became King of the reunited realm. Read at the Mouths ofSirion and went with him to Valinor; mother
LotRI486, 509; II 43, 136; III 56; UT250- 1; 255, 276-7, 284- ofElrond and Elros. See Lanthir Lamath. Read LotRI 261, 309,
5, 290, 3 10, 3 1 2, 3 1 7, 32 1, 402. As the Elfstone, read UT 255. 3 1 9; Sil 1 05, 148, 235-7, 244, 246-51, 254; UT I 7l, 233.
Elf-friends - The Men ofthe Three Houses ofBeor, Haleth, Emeldir - Called the Man-hearted; wife of Barahir and
and Hador, the Edain. See also Atani, Edain. Read Sil 141, 1 43- mother of Beren; led the women and children of the House of
5, 1 89, 1 99, 25 1; UT 3 1 0. 1n the Akallabeth and in Ofthe Rings Beor from Dorthonion after the Dagor Bragollach. (She was
of Power used to refer to those NUmen6reans who were not herselfalso a descendant of Beor the Old, and her father's name
estranged from the Eldar; see Elendili. At Sil 302, the reference was Beren; this is not stated in the text.) Read Sil 155, 161. 91
is no doubt to the Men of Gondor and the DUnedain of the Emerie -Region ofsheep pasturage in the Mirtalrnar (Inlands)
North. ofNUmenor. Read UT 166, 182, 184, 186, 1 92-6, 1 99, 201-2,
Elfhelm - Rider of Rohan; with Grimbold leader of the 204, 206-9, 2 1 1-12. For the White Lady ofEmerie (Erendis),
Rohirrim at the Second Bartle of the Fords ofIsen; routed the read UT 1 94. .
invaders of An6rien; under King Eomer Marshal of the East­ Emyn Beraid - (S. "The Tower Hills"). Located in the west
mark. Read UT 356, 358-69, 386-7. ofEriadoron whichwere built the White Towers; see Elostirion.
Elfwine the Fair - Son of Eomer King of Rohan and Read SiI 2�1-2; UT 4 1 1, 4 14. Translated "Tower Hills," read
Lothfriel, daughter oflmrahil Prince of Dol Amroth. Read UT UT 213.
286. Emyn Muil - (S. "Drear Hills"). The folded, rocky, ' and
Elmo - Elf of Doriath, younger brother of Elwe (Thingol) (especiallI on the east side) barren hill-country about Nen
and Olwe ofAlqualonde; according to one account grandfather Hithoel ("Mist-cool Water") above Rauros falls. Read LotRI
of Celeborn. Read UT 233-4. 484; II 27, 265; III 34; UT 260, 296, 306, 343, 368, 3 71.
Elostirion - (S.). Tallest ofthe towers upon Emyn Beraid, in Emyn-nu-Fuin - (S. "Mountains under Night"). The later
which the palantir called the Elendil Stone was placed. Read Sil name of the Mountains of Mirkwood. Previously called Emyn
292;UT 4 l l. Duir (S. "Dark Mountains"). Read UT 280- 1.
Elrond - ("Star-dome"). Son ofEarendil and Elwing, who at Enchanted Isles - The islands set by the Valar in the Great Sea
. the end of the First Age chose to belong to' the Firstborn, and eastwards ofT01 Eressea at the time of the Hiding ofValinor.
remained in Middle-earth until the end of the Third Age; Read Sil l 02, 248; UT 52. Also called Shadowy Isles, read UT30,
master ofImladris (Rivendell) and keeper ofVilya, the Ring of 32.
Air, which he had received from Gil-galad. Called Master Encircling Sea - ("Ekkaia"). The great ocean that encircles
Elrond and Elrond Half-elven (read UT 23 7). Brother ofElros Arda. It lies south, east, and north ofMiddle-earth. Also called
Tar-Minyatur. ReadLotRI 100, 23 1, 289, 520, passim; II 53; III the. Outer Sea or the Outer Ocean. In the First Age and early
57, 325-30, 38 1-3 Sil 105, 246-7, 254, 26 1, 286-8, 295-302, Second Age it was surrounded by the Walls ofNight; but, in the
304; UT 165, 225, 23 7-40, 243-4, 254, 256, 27l, 283-4, 388, late Second Age, when Arda was remade as a sphere, it circum­
398, 405-6. For Sons ofElrond, read Si1 303. Also see Council scribed and covered most of the world. Read Sil 3 7, 40, 50, 62,
of Elrond. 89, 100-1, 104, 186.
Elros-("Star-foam"). Son ofEarendil and Elwing, who at the Endor - (S. "Middle Land;" "Middle-earth"). Endor is the
end of the First Age chose to be numbered among Men, and Sindarin Elvish label for the Middle Continent of Arda. Also
became the first King of NUmenor (called Tar-Minyatar), called Ennor or End6re.
living to a very great age. Read Si1 246-7, 254, 261, 266-9, 272, Enedwaith - (S. "Middle-folk").The peoples living between
286, 290; UT52, 169, 1 7l, 208, 2 1 7- 1 8, 220, 225. For the Line the rivers GreyfIood (Gwathl6) and Isen (read esp. UT 262-4).
of/Descendants ofElros, read UT 1 77, 1 79, 186, 190, 202, 209, Read UT 206, 239, 261-5, 341, 347, 356, 369-70, 3 72, 383,
2l l, 2 1 6- 1 7, 220- 1, 224, 227. 386-7.
Elured - (S.). Elder son of Dior; perished in the attack on En Egladil-(S. "The Angle"). A region in southern Rhudaur
Doriath by the sons ofFeanor. The name has the same meaning between the rivers Hoarwelland Loudwater and the Trollshaws.
as Eluchil (S. "Heir of Elu"). Read Sil 234, 236-7. The Angle comprised a major lordship while the DUnadan
Elurin - (S.). Younger son ofDior, perished with his brother kingdom lasted and was noted for its large population ofStoor
Elured. The name means "Remembrance of Elu (Thingol)." Hobbits in later years. ,
Read Sil 234, 236-7. Enemy, The - Name given to Morgoth and to Sauron. Read
Elves -(Q. "Quendi"). The immortal children ofEru and the UT 350.
noblest of the Free Peoples. Also called the Firstborn, they Enerdhil - Jewel-smith of Gondolin. Read UT 248-51.
awoke before Men or Dwarves and were the first race to speak. Ent - (S. "Onod;" pI. "Enyd" or "Onodrim"). The tteeherds
Elves sertled in both Middle-earth and Aman. Also called ofMiddle-earth, Ents are among the oldest and most powerful
Children of lluvatar, Eldar, Dark Elves, Elves of the Light inhabitants of Arda. Read LotRII 55, 84-l l5, l30- 1, 197, 208-
(Calaquendi). Read esp. Sil 4 1-2, 48-50, 52, 88, 104, 264-5; 9, 2 l l, 2 1 6-29, 243-6; III 288, 3 1 7-21, 341; UT 26 1, 3 1 8,
LotRI 20; IT 26; ill 70. 364, 366. Also called Shepherds of the Trees, read Sil 46, 235.
Elves'New Year - The Elvish solar year (loa) begins with the
day called yestare, which is the day before the fast day ofspring
(tuili). Read UT 323, 327.
 Entulesse - ("Return"). The ship in which Veantur the Bowyn - Sister ofEomer, wife ofFaramir; slayer of the Lord
NUmenorean achieved the. first voyage to Middle-earth. Read of the Nazglil in the Battle of the Pelennor Fields. Read LotRIl
UT 1 71. 152, 159�65; ill 58, 65�9, 82�4, 90�I, 14 1�8, 1 64�5, 168-9,
Entwade - Ford over the Entwash. Read LotRll 45, 49; UT 1 74�7, 1 79, 184, 291�300, 306, 3 15-6; UT 364.
338. Epesse - An afrername received by one of the Eldar in
Entwash - (S. "Onodlo"). River flowing through Rohan addition to the given names (essi). Read UT 266.
from Fangorn Forest to the Ninda1£ Read LotRl 484; 1127; ill Ephd Brandir - (S. "Encircling Fence of Brandir"). Dwell­
94; UT 300� I, 306, 3 1 8, 367. ings of the Men of Brethil upon Amon Obel; also called the
Eofor - 1)tird son of Brego the second king of Rohan; Ephel. Read Sil 2 1 6, 2 1 9�2 1; UT l l O� I I, 122�3, 126�8, 131-
ancestor of Eomer. Read UT 367. 2, 136, 1 4 1.
Eohere - Term used by the Rohirrim for the full muster of Ephd DUath - (S. "Fence ofShadow"). The mountain range
their cavalry. Read UT 298, 3 13, 3 15, 3 1 8. between Gondor and Mordor; also called the Mountains of
Shadow. Read LotRi 32 I; LotRll 309; LotRill 88, 197; Si1 291-
Eol - Called the Dark Elf; the great smith who dwelt in Nan
Elmoth, and took Aredhel Turgon's sister to wife; friend ofthe 2, 297; UT 293�4, 3 12.
Dwarves; maker of the sword Anglachel (Gurthang); father of Erebor-("The Lonely Mountain"). An isolated peak, Erebor
Maeglin; put to death in Gondolin. ReadSil 92, 132-8, 201; UT is located in north central Rhovanion. It is just east ofMirkwood
92 54. and due north of the Long Lake. The River Running (S.
Bomer - Nephew and fosterson ofKing Theoden; at the time "Celduin") begins beneath the mountain, spilling out onto the
plains ofnorthern Wilderland by way of a waterf all issuing out
of the War of the Ring Third Marshal of the Mark; afrer
ofErebor's southern flank. The kingdom ofthe Dwarves under
Theoden's death eighteenth King of Rohan; friend of King
the Mountain and the lair of Smaug were located beneath the
Elessar. Read LotRll 42�52, 78, 144, 1 49, 153, 155�206, 233-
peak at different times. Read LotRl 32; ill 193; UT 289, 321,
4 1, 256; ill 54�6I, 78�94, 96, 128, 167-207, 288, 293, 300�
6, 3 12�3, 3 15�6; UT 286, 3 15, 3 1 7, 355, 359�60, 364, 366�9, 323�4, 326�8, 334. As the Lonely Mountain, read LotRl l 1 O,
400. 302; 11 161; ill 1 89, 193; UT 258, 32 1, 328.
Eomund [1] - Chiefcaptain ofthe host ofthe Eotheod at the Erech - (Du. "Frightful Place"). High vale in the upper
Morthond valley in Lamedon, just south of the Paths of the
time of the Ride of Eorl. Read UT 305.
Dead. It is named for the grassy, barren hill upon which lies the
Eomund [2] - ChiefMarshal ofthe �ark ofRo�an; wedded half-submerged, spherical Stone of Erech, brought from
Theodwyn sister ofTheoden; father ofEomer and Eowyn. Read
NUmenor by Isildur. The town of Sam Erech dominates this
LotRll 42, ill 14 1�2, 1 75; UT 364, 367. strategic locale, and lies due west of the pass called Tarlang's
Eonwe - One ofthe mightiest ofthe Maiar; called the Herald Neck. Read LotRill 64�5, 73, 184; Si1 291.
of Manwe; leader of the host of the Valar in the attack on
Ered Gorgoroth - (S. "The Mountains ofTerror"). Located
Morgoth at the end of the First Age. Read Sil 30, 249�254, 260, northward ofNan Dungortheb; also called the Gorgoroth. Read
285; UT 395. LotRl260;LotRll422; SiI 8 I, 95, 121, 132, 1 46, 164, 1 76, 201;
Eored - A body ofthe Riders ofthe Eotheod. Read LotRll 45, UT 4 1.
48; ill 135; UT 290, 301, 3 15, 357, 362, 367�8. Ered Harmal - (S. "Mountains of the Golden South").
Eorl the Young - Lord ofthe Eotheod; rode from his land in Mountain chain in south-central Endor.
the far North to the aid of Gondor against the invasion of the Ered Lithui - (S. "Ash Mountains"). The peaks forming the
Balchoth; received Calenardhon in gift from Cirion Steward of
northern border ofMordor. Read LotRll 308; ill 206, 251; UT
Gondor; first King of Rohan. Read LotRll 40; ill 67; UT 260,
292, 3 12.
277�8, 288, 290, 297-9, 301�8, 3 1 0- 1 1, 3 13� 16, 3 1 9, 365,
Ered LOmin - (S. "The Echoing Mountains"). The Ered
367, 3 71. Called Lord ofthe Eotheod, Lord ofthe Riders, Lord
L6min formed the west-fence ofHithlum. Read Sil l 06, 1 1 8� 19;
of the Rohirrim, King of Calenardhon, King of the Mark ofthe
Riders, read UT 297, 302�3, 305� 7, 3 1 0. Chronicle of/Tale of
UT20, 52. As the Echoing Mountains ofLammoth, read UT23.
Cirion and Eorl, read UT 278, 288, 296. Oath ofEorl, read UT Ered Luin - (S. "The Blue Mountains"). Also called the Ered
, 278, 304, 3 10, 3 16, 365, 3 71; words ofthe oath, read ur 304�5. Lindon (S. "The Mountains of Lindon"). After the destruction
at the end ofthe First Age Ered Luin formed the nom-western
Eotheod - (R. "Horse-folk"). The descendants of the
coastal range of Middle-earth. Read LotRl 22; LotRll 90; Sil 54,
Northman refugees who migrated out of RhovanioIJ between
T.A. 1 856 and T.A. 1 899. Heirs of the horse-loving Eothraim,
91, 94, 1 12� 15, 123, 133, 140, 145, 1 95, 232�5, 285�6, 289-
they first settled in the western vales of the Anduin (near the
90; UT 213, 228, 252, 32 1, 232, 234�5, 3 79, 383. Translated
the Blue Mountains, (read UT 1 1 4, 2 1 4, 247, 252, 322, 329,
Gladden Fields) afrer being forced out oftheir homeland by the
Wainriders. In T.A. 1977, they migrated northward, this time
332), called also the Western Mountains, (read UT 2 1 3); for
other references, read UT 6 1�2, 1 74, 228, 233, 328, 332.
to th� upper vales of the Anduin. There, they became known as
the Eotheod. Later, in T.A. 2510, they moved south to Ered Mithrin - (S. "Grey Mountains"). The craggy moun­
Calenardhon in.Gondor, where they founded the Kingdom of tains extending from east to west north ofMirkwooc!. Read UT
Rohan and became known as the Rohirrim. Read UT 288-9, 295.
294�8, 30j� 7, 3 1 1�13, 3 15, 3 1 8. For Riders/HorselJlen ofthe Eredl.'im - (�. "Mountain-host"). Dunlending-related peoples
North, read UT 299�302, 3 10. ofthe highlands ofDor-en-Emil. The Eredrim are descendants
Eothraim - (Rh. app. "Glorious Horsemen"). The six tribes of the Daen Coentis.
ofNorthman horsemen who occupy the southern Rhovanion Ered Tarthonion - (S. "Mouptains of Lofty Pines"). The
plains unril T.A. 1 856-99. Actually called the Gimuteothraim, highlands of Dor-en-Emil, their highest peaks rise in central
or "Gathering ?f the Glorious Horses," they are the ancestral Belfalas. They are actually a great transverse section of the
culture of the Eotheod and the Rohirrim. White Meuntain range. Eredrim occupy many of the highland
valleys in the Ered Tarthonion.
 Ered Wethrin - (S. "The Mountains of Shadow," "The Eru - ("The One," "He that is Alone;" Q. "Father of All"
Shadowy Mountains"). The great curving range bordering lluvatar). The creator offiaaild all thing� within and without.ReaJ
Dor-nu-Fauglith (Ard-galen) on the west and fonning the Si1 15-21, 25-9, 3 1, 39-50, 56, 65-6, 68, 74-5, 78, 83, 85, 88,
barrier between Hithlum and West Beleriand. &ad Sil 106-7, 90, 98, 1 04, 1 8 7, 253, 261-2, 264-6, 269, 271-2, 278-80; UT
109, 1 1 3, 1 1 6, 1 1 8-20, 1 26, 1 43, 15 1-2, 160, 1 70, 1 75, 1 90, 1 66, 1 84, 200- 1, 2 1 4-15, 305, 3 1 7, 389, 393. For the Hallows
192, 194, 203, 207, 209, 21 2, 2 16, 22 7-8, 239; UT 26, 33, 68, of Em on the Meneltarma, read UT 223. See Children of
1 1 0, 121, 127, 1 60. Translated as Mountains of Shadow (read lluvatar.
UT 87, 90, 1 04) and Shadowy Mountains (read UT 73, 78), for Eruhantale - ("Thanksgiving to Em"). The autumn feast in
other references, read UT 36, 38, 70. NUmenor. Read UT 1 66, 1 75, 2 1 4.
Eregion - (S. "Land ofHolIy;" W. "Hollin"). The highland Erukyerme-("Prayer to Eru"). The spring feast in NUmenor.
region of Eriador between the rivers Glanduin and Bminen is Read UT 166, 183, 204, 2 15. .
composed mostly offoothills on the western flank ofthe Misty Erulaitale - ("Praise of Em"). The midsummer feast in
Mountains. Eastern Eregion runs up to the mountain's edge, NUmenor. Read UT 1 66.
while the western reaches are rolling hills separted by streams
and bogs. A long east-west mountain spine, the Hollin Ridge, Eryn Vom - (S. "Dark Wood"). The great cape on the coast
runs through the center ofthe area. Eregion has been essentially of Minhiriath south of the mouth of the Baranduin. Read UT
depopulated since T.A. 1 697 and is now known for its numer­ 262.
ous holly trees. It also contains the West Gate of Moria, which Esgalduin - (S. "River under Veil"). The river of Doriath, 93
faces the river Sirannon, the chief tributary of Glanduin. More dividing the forests ofNeldoreth and Region, and flowing into
specifically, the Noldorin realm founded in the Second Age by Sirion. Read LctRl 120; Sil 93, 121, 132, 165, 1 84-5, 2 1 8, 234;
Galadriel and Celeborn (in close association with Khazad-dfun) UT 74, 82, 120.
at the western feet of the Misty Mountains; where the Elven Esgaroth -(So "Veiled Foam"?). Lake-town. A great commer­
Rings were made. Destroyed by Sauron. Read LctRl 76; Si1 286- cial town and freshwater port, Esgaroth is located in the midst
8; UT 206, 228, 234-9, 243-4, 250-2, 254-5, 257, 264. As ofthe Long Lake. It is the chiefcenter oftrade for goods passing
Hollin, read LctRl 369; Sil 286; UT 235. between the Wood-elves of Mirkwood and the Northmen of
Erelas - Fourth of the beacons of Gondor in Ered Nimrais. Wilderland. ReadHob 1 75-6, 1 93-200, 245-54, 29 1; LctRl55.
(Possibly a pre-NUmen6rean name; although the name is Este - ("Rest"). One of the Valier, the spouse of Irmo
Sindarin in style, its suitable meaning in that language is (Lorien). Read Sil 25, 28, 30, 63, 99-100.
somewhat oblique. "It was a green hill without trees," so that er­ Estelmo - Elendur's esquire, who survived the disaster of the
"single" and lases) "leaf' yielding "Lonely Leaf' might refer to Gladden Fields. Read UT 276, 282.
its relatively leafless condition when compared to a forested Estolad - ("The Encampment"). The land south of Nan
hill.) Read UT 3 1 4. Elmoth where the Men of the followings of Beor and Marach
Erellont - One of the three mariners who accompanied dwelt after they crossed the Blue Mountains into Beleriand. Read
Earendil on his voyages. Read Sil 248. Sil 142-6; UT 77.
'Erendis - Wife of Tar-AIdarion ("the Mariner's Wife"), Ethir Anduin - (S. "Outflow of Anduin"). The delta of the
between whom there was great love that turned to hatred; Great River in the Bay of Belfalas. Read UT 240, 242, 402.
mother of Tar-Ancalime. Valandil Lord of AndUnie gave her Evil Breath - A wind out of Angband that brought sickness
the name Uineniel ("daughter ofUinen"); her name in Quenya to Dor-Iomin, from which Turin's sister Urwen (Lalaith) died.
is Tar-Elestirne ("Lady of the Star-brow"). Read UT 1 77-98, Read UT 58-9, 61.
201-9, 2 12- 16, 2 1 9, 224-5, 227, 284, 386. Called the Lady of
the Westlands (read UT 1 80) and the White Lady of Emerie Exiles, The -The rebellious Noldor who returned to Middle­
(read UT 1 94). earth from Aman. Read UT 20, 55, 229, 259.
Eriador - All of the territory north of the river Isen and Ezellohar -The Green Mound ofthe Two Trees ofValinor;
between the Blue Mountains (S. "Ered Luin") and the Misty called Corollaire in Quenya. Read Sil 38, 46, 76, 78-9.
Mountains (S. "Hithaeglir"), in which lay the Kingdom of F
Arnor (and also the Shire ofthe Hobbits). Its northern bound­ Faithful, The- Those NUmenoreans who were not estranged
ary follows the highland ridge that runs northwestward from from the Eldar and continued to revere the Valar in the days of
Cam DUm and reaches to the Ice Bay of Forochel. Some Tar-Ancalimon and later kings. See also Elendili. Read 5;/ 266-
accounts place the southern border along the line bounded by 9, 271-3, 275-6, 291-2; UT 222-3, 265, 3 1 6- 1 7. Also "The
the rivers Greyflood (S. "GwathI6") and Swanfleet (S. Faithful" ofthe Fourth Age, those who remained uncorrupted
"Glanduin"). Most hold it to be that area north of Gondor's by Sattron. Read UT 395.
traditional western border. Eriador loosely translates as the Falas -The western coasts ofBeleriand, south ofNevrast. Read
"Empty Lands" and includes the regions ofMinhiriath, Eregion, Sil 58, 93, 96-7, 107, 120, 1 60, 190, 1 96, 2 1 1; UT33-4, 5 1 . For
Cardofan, Rhudaur, Arthedain, and, by most, Dunland, and Havens of the Falas, read UT 247.
Enedhwaith. ReadLctRl2 1-2, 236;Si1 54, 9 1, 94, 145, 267, 290,
295-6, 298, 303; UT 1 75, 200, 209, 2 13- 14, 233-9, 242, 244, Falathar - One of the three mariners who accompanied
247, 256, 261-3, 265, 271, 326, 328, 342, 347, 3 73, 398. Earendil on his voyages. Read Sil 248.
Erkenbrand - Rider of Rohan, Master ofWestfold and the Falathrim - The Telerin Elves of the Falas, whose lord was
Homburg; under King Bomer Marshal ofthe West-mark. Read Cirdan. Read Sil 58; UT 33.
IotRll 168, 1 70, 1 72, 186, 188, 1 9-1, 1 99; UT359-62, 364-6, Fallohides - One ofthe three peoples into which the Hobbits
368-9. were divided, described in the prologue to nt LcrJ. of the Rings.
Read LctRl 22; UT 28 7.
Fangom -The oldest ofthe Ents and the guardian ofFangorn
Forest,readIotRll84;III3 1 8-20 UT261. Translated Treebeard,
read LctRll 83- 1 1 4, 121, 130-2, 206, 2 16-29, 243-6; III 32,
3 1 7-2 1, 325; UT 253, 366.
 Fangorn Forest - (S. "Beard of the Tree"). The huge Finarfin - (Q.). rhe third son of Finwe, the younger of
woodland that stretches from about one hundred and twenty­ Feanor's half-brothers; remained in Arnan after the Exile of the
five miles along the southern flank of the Misty Mountains, Noldor and ruled the remnant of his people in Tirion. Alone
widening to almost one hundred miles at one point. The upper among the N oldorin princes, he and his descendants had golden
waters ofthe rivers Entwash and Limlightpass through Fangorn. hair, derived from his mother Indis, who was a Vanyarin Elf(see
One of the oldest forests in Middle-earth, it is the home and Vanyar). Father of Finrod, Orodreth, Angrod, Aegnor, and
protectorate of the Ents. Read LotRI 484; II 2 7, 80; III 6 1; UT Galadriel. Read Sil 60, 65, 69-70, 83-5, 88, l O2, 1 6 7, 1 76, 25 1;
24 1, 26 1, 305, 3 12, 3 1 8, 343, 3 7 l-2. Called Entwood in UT 229-30. Many other occurences of the name of Finarfin
Rohan, read LotRil 48, 1 46; III 320; UT 3 1 8, 3 71. relate to his sons or his people. Read Sil passim; UT 2 1, 52, 157,
Fanuidhol - (S. "Cloudyhead;" Kh. "Bundushathur"). East­ 159, 229, 23 1, 234, 250, 255.
ernmost and greyest ofthe three spires above Moria. Its heights Finduilas [IJ - Daughter of Orodreth; loved by Gwindor,
are most often shrouded in mist. Read LotRI 370, 432; III 325. who gave her the name Faelivrin; captured in the sack of
Faramir [I J -Younger son ofOndoher King ofGondor; slain Nargothrond, killed by the Orcs at the Crossings of Teiglin.
in battle with the Wainriders. Read UT 291, 294-5. Buried in the Haudh-en-Elleth. Read Si1 209- I I, 2 13- 1 6, 225;
Faramir [2J - Younger son of Denethor II, Steward of UT 3 7, 54, 108-9, 1 1 l -1 2, 1 22, 130, 1 43, 150, 157-9.
Gondor; Captain ofthe Rangers ofIthilien; after theWar ofthe Finduilas [2J - Daughter of Adrahil, Prince of Dol Amroth;
94 Ring Prince of Ithilien and Steward of Gondor. Read LotRll wife of Denethor II, Steward of Gondor, mother of Boromir
336-86, 401; III 29, 98- 1 23, 1 52- 79, 1 98, 292-306, 3 1 5-6; and Faramir. ReadLotRIll 296 UT 407, 4 1 3.
UT 344, 397, 399, 408, 4 1 3. Fingolfin - (Q.). The second son of Finwe, the elder of
Far Harad - (W./S. "Far South"). The southern reaches of Feanor's half-brothers; High King of the Noldor in Beleriand,
the vast, arid area known as Harad. Far Harad encompasses all dwelling in Hithlum; slain by Morgoth in single combat. Father
the lands north of the foothills of the Yellow Mountains and ofFingon, Turgon, and Aredhel. ReadSil 60, 65, 69-71, 75, 83-
south of the line between An Aras on the Belegaer and Clyan 4, 89-90, lOO, lO6, l O8-9, l l l, 1 1 3, 1 15- 1 6, Z Z 9, 1 2 1, 129,
along the flank of the Ered Harmal. The highlands called Raj 1 43, 1 4 7, 1 50, 152-5, 1 96; UT 43, 55-60, 2 1 5. Many other
form the cultural center and richest region of Far Harad. occurences of the name of Fingolfin relate to his sons or his
Feanor - (Q.). Eldest son of Finwe (the only child ofFinwe people. For House of/PeoEle ofFingolfin, read also UT 45, 68,
and Miriel), half-brother ofFingolfin and Finarfin; greatest of 157; for son of Fingolfin (Turgon), read UT 1 8, 45.
the Noldor, and leader in their rebellion; deviser ofthe Feanorian Fingon -(Q.). The eldest son ofFingolfm, called the Valiant;
script; maker of the Silmarils and the palantiri; slain in Mithrim rescued Maedhros from Thangorodrim; High King of the
in the Dagor-nuin-Giliath. His name was Curufinwe (Q. curu Noldor after the death of his father; slain by Gothmog in the
= "skill"), and he gave this name to his fifth son, Curufin; but
Nirnaeth Arnoediad. Father of Gil-galad. Read Sil 60, 84-5, 8 7,
he was himself known always by his mother's name for him, 89-90, lO9- I I, 1 1 6, 1 1 9, 1 2 1, 1 3 1, 138, 1 52, 1 54, 1 60, 1 64,
Feanaro "spirit of Fire," which was given the Sindarin form 1 89-96, 244, 286; UT 1 8, 59-60, 63, 65-6, 75, 1 46, 400. For
Feanor. Read Sil Chapters V-IX. and Xillpassim; see esp. 60, 63-4, 66, son of Fingon (Gil-galad), read UT 1 99.
98; LotRI 397; II 259-60; UT 23, 76, 229-33, 235-6, 248. Finrod - (Q.). The eldest son of Finarfin, called "the Faith­
Elsewhere his name occurs chiefly in "the sons ofFeanor," read ful" and "the Friend ofMen." Founder and King ofNargothrond,
Sil passim; UT 1 46. Feanorians, read UT 25 1. Feanorian lamps, whence his name Felagund (cave-hewer); encountered in
'read UT 22, 5 1, 154. Ossiriand the first Men to cross the Blue Mountains; rescued by
Feanturi - (Q. "Masters of Spirits")' The Valar Namo Barahir in the Dagor Bragollach; redeemed his oath to Barahir
(Mandos) and Irmo (L6rien). Read Si1 28; UT 397. by accompanying Beren on his quest; slain in defense ofBeren
Felagund - The name by which King Finrod was known after in the dungeons ofTol-in-Gaurhoth. The following references
the· establishment of Nargothrond; it was Dwarvish in origin include those to Felagund used alone: read LotRI 1 1 8; Sil 6 l, 83,
(felak-gundu = "cave-hewer," but translated in the text as 85, 90, lO9, I l l, 1 13- 1 4, 1 20-2, 1 24, 126, 1 28-30, 1 40-4,
"Lord of Caves," read Si1 6 1). For references see Finrod. For the 1 4 7, 1 49, 152, 1 60, 1 64, 1 67-76, 1 84, 204, 2 1 1, 2 1 3, 2 15,
Doors of Felagund, read UT 1 1 6- 1 7, 1 1 9. 2 l 7- 1 8, 230- 1, 233; UT 38, 54, 8 7, 1 1 2, 1 1 6- 1 7, 229-30, 234,
250, 255, 284 (Finrod as the rejected name ofFinarfin, read UT
FelarOf- The horse ofEorl the Young. Read LotRll l 43; UT 255; Inglor as the rejected name of Finrod, read UT 255).
299, 3 1 4.
Finwe - (Q.). Leader of the Noldor on the westward journey
Fell Winter- The winter ofthe year 495 in the First Age from from Cuivienen; King ofthe Noldor in Arnan; father ofFeanor,
the rising of the Moon, after the fall ofNargothrond. Read UT Fingolfin, and Finarfin; slain by Mor�oth at Formenos. Read Sil
25, 28, 36, 38, 42, 52, 1 1 2. 52-5, 57-66, 69-72, 75, 79, 82, 1 27(other references are to his
Fenmarch - A region of Rohan west of the Mering Stream. sons or his house); UT 230.
Read LotRIll 93; UT 3 1 4. Firien-dale - Cleft in which Mering Stream rose. Read UT
Ferny - A family of Men in Bree. For Bill Ferny, read LotRI 300, 3 1 4.
2 1 2, 224, 244; III 332, 343, 350; UT 354. Firien Wood - In full Halifirien Wood; in Ered Nimrais
Field ofCelebrant - Partial translation ofParth Celebrant (S. about the Mering Stream and on the slopes of the Halifirien.
"Field," "Grassland ofCelebrant"). The grasslands between the Read UT 300- 1, 3 1 4, 3 1 8. Also called Firienholt (read UT 306,
rivers Silverlode (Celebrant) and Limlight; in restricted sense of 3 1 8); the Whispering Wood (read UT 301-2); and the Wood
Gondor, the land between the lower Lirnlight and Anduin. Field of Anwar (read UT 306).
ofCelebrant is often used ofthe Battle ofthe Field ofCelebrant, First Age ( LA.) - The first recorded Age ofMiddle-earth. Its
the victory of Cirion and Eorl over the Balchoth in T.A. 25 I 0, (temporally) uncertain beginnings date back to the creation of
references to which are included here. Also called the Northern the Light of Arda and the rise of the Two Lamps (Illuin and
Fields. Read LotRil 1 48, 363; III 3 1 4; UT 260, 288, 290, 296, Ormal). Its ending point was marked by the overthrow of
299-300, 307 (Celebrant), 3 13, 339, 3 7 1 . Morgoth (the Black Enemy), Sauron's overlord and mentor.
Fili - (Kh.) Dwarf o f the House o f Durin; nephew and The tales ofthe First Age are, for the most part, found in J.R.R.
companion of Thorin Oakenshield; slain in the Battle of Five Tolkien's Urifinished Tales and The Silmarillion.
Armies. Read Hob passim; UT 335.
Firstborn, The - The Elder Children of Iluvatar, the Elves. Frarnsberg - Situated atop a hill on a spur jutting eastward
ReadLotRl294, 320; II55; Si1 I 8, 20, 22, 39, 4 1, 44, 46, 48, 249, from the northern Misty Mountains, Framsberg is a formidably
254, 261, 263-4, 286-7, 298, 304. positioned, walled tow� that overlooks the river Langwell. It is
Flet - (S. 'Talan;" pI. "Telain"). Platforms built of white the principal center ofEothe6d commerce, and indeed all trade
wood, which are the homes of the Galadhrim (S. "Tree in the upper Anduin v�lley. Framsberg was abandoned around
People") ofL6rien. These are almost never more than unwalled T.A. 25 10, when the Eothe6d migrate south to Rohan.
platforms, having no roof or even a railing. Only the mallorn Freal:if - Tenth King of Rohan, nephew of King Helm
leaves and movable, plaited screen windbreaks provide shelter. Hammerhand. Read LatRill 3 1 5 UT 3 73.
Flets are reached by lightweight roop ladders. ReadLotR1444 UT Freca - A vassal of King Helm Hammerhand, slain by him.
245-6. Read UT 364-5.
Folcwine - Fourteenth King of Rohan, great-grandfather of Free Peoples - The "good" races of Middle-earth: Elves,
Theoden; reconquered the west-march of Rohan between Dwarves, Hobbits, and Men (especially the Dunedain); specifi­
Adorn and Isen. Read UT 3 15, 364. cally those races which are in opposition to Sauron. Read LotRI
Folde - (R.). A region of southern Rohan. Situated around 361.
Edoras, it was the core of the King's Lands. Read LotRIll 92-3; Frodo - Frodo Baggins, Hobbit of the Shire; the Ringbearer
UT 367. in the War of the Ring. Read LotR passim; Si1 303; UT 1 48, 2 1 6,
Ford of Carrock - Ford over Anduin between the Carrock 228-9, 23 1, 246, 257, 261, 287, 3 1 0, 32 1, 326-30, 336, 347, 95
and the east bank of the river. Term may also refer to the Old 354.
Ford, where the Old Forest Road crossed Anduin, south of the Frumgar -Leader of the northward migration of the Eotheod
Ford of Carrock. Read LotRl 30I; UT 2 78. out ofthe Vales of Anduin. Read UT 3 13.
Fords ofIsen -Crossing ofthe Isen by the great Numen6rean Fuinar - (Q. "Shadow-elves;" sing. "Fuina"). The Fuinar are
road linking Gondor and Arnor; called in Sindarin Athrad a secretive Silvan or Avar people who reside in and around the
Angren and Ethraid Engrin. Read LotRll 1 68; LotRIll 54; UT great forest ofValagalen in DreI.
264, 2 7 1, 306, 3 1 4, 3 1 6, 3 1 8, 346, 354, 356-66, 368-73, 4 1 1. Fuinur � A renegade Numen6rean who became mighty
Fords ofthe Poros - Crossing ofthe river Poros on the Harad among the Haradrim at the end ofthe Second Age. Read Si1 293.
Road. Read UT 291.
G
Forest River - River flowing from Ered Mithrin through
northern Mirkwood and into the Long Lake. Read UT 295. Galadhon - The son of Elmo (younger brother of 01we and
Elwe), Galadhon was the father ofCeleborn. Read UT 233, 266.
Formenos - (S. "Northern Fortress"). The stronghold of
Feanor and his sons in the north of Valinor, built after the Galadhrim - (S.). The Elves of L6rien. Read UT 245-6, 260-
banishment of Feanor from Tirion. Read Sil 7 1-2, 75, 79-80, 1, 267.
127. Galador - First Lord of Dol Amroth, son of Imrazor the
Fornost Erain - (S. "Northern Fortress of the Kings"). The Numen6rean and the Elf Mithellas. Read UT 248, 3 1 6.
Numen6rean city on the North Downs in Eriador. Also called Galadriel - (Q.). Daughter of Finarfin and sister of Finrod
the "Norbury of the Kings," Fornost originally served as the Felagund; one of the leaders of the Noldorin rebellion against
refuge and summer retreat for the Kings ofArnor. Between T.A. the Valar (read UT 23 2); wedded Celeborn ofDoriath and with
250 and 850, the court gradually shifted from the royal capital him remained in Middle-earth after the end of the First Age;
at Annuminas to Fornost. This fortified city became the capital keeper ofNenya, the Ring ofWater, in Lothl6rien. Read LotRl
when Arnor was split in T.A. 861. Read LotRl 23, 320; ill 63, 45 7- 77, 482-88, 502-3; II 35, 5 1; ill 57, 309-26 passim, 3 74,
33 7; Si1 29 I; UT 2 7 1, 2 78, 3 1 4, 369, 4 1 3. 380-4; Sil 6 I, 83-4, 90, 1 1 4- 15, 1 26-8, 130, 1 44, 1 6 9, 234,
Forodwaith - (S. "Folk of the Northern Lands"). This term 254, 298-300; UT 1 68, 206, 228-38, 240, 243-5, 249-56, 258,
applies to,the peoples of the Forochel (S. "Icy North") region 266-7, 28 1, 286, 339, 388, 395, 405. Al(a)tariel ("Maiden
of northwesternmost Middle-earth. It is sometimes loosely Crowned with Radiant Garland") is the Quenya and Telerin
interpreted as meaning the "Lands of the Northern Folk," forms of her name (read UT 266); Artanis is the name given to
which has led many men to use the label to describe the territo'7, her by her father (read UT23 I, 266); Nerwen is the name given
north of Eriador traditionally dubbed the "Northern Waste. ' to her by her mother (read UT 229, 23 1, 266). Called also Lady
The Lossoth are the chief group of Forodwaith. Read UT 1 4, ofthe Noldor, (read UT 249), Lady of the Golden Wood, (read
242. UT 299), and the White Lady, (read UT 307, 3 1 9).
Forostar - The northern promontory ofNumenor. Read UT Galathil - The son of Elmo, Galathil was the brother of
1 65, 1 6 7, I 69, 1 73. Translated the Northlands, (read UT I 65, Celeborn and father of Nimloth (the mother of EIwing). Read
1 69) and the north country, (read UT 1 74). UT 233, 266.
Forthwini - Son of Marhwini; leader of the Eotheod in the Galathilion - (Q.). The White Tree of Tirion, the image of
time of King Ondoher of Gondor. Read UT 291. Telperion made by Yavanna for the Vanyar and the Noldor.
Read LotRIll 308; Sil 59, 263, 291.
Forweg - Man of Dor-16min, captain of the outlaw-band
(Gaurwaith) that Turin joined; slain by Turin. Read UT 85-9, Galdor - Called the Tall; son ofHador L6rindol and lord of
1 4 7-8. Dor-16min after him; father ofHurin and Huor; slain at Eithel
Sirion. Read Sil I 48, 1 52, 1 55, 158-60, 1 98, 209, 230, 25 1; UT
Fourth Age (F.A.) - The fourth recorded Age of Middle­ 2 1, 57, 60, 66, 75, 79, 1 05.
earth, the "Age of Men." It began with the passing ofthe Three
Rings over the sea. During the Fourth Age most of the Elves Galvorn - (S.). The metal devised by Eo!, read Sil 133.
departed Middle-earth for the Undying Lands; other non­ Gamgee - A family of Hobbits in the Shire. See Elanor,
mannish races such as Dwarves and Hobbits began to seek Hamfast, Samwise.
solitude, for their ways were no longer understood by the Garnil Zirak - (Kh.). Dwarf-smith called "the ald." He was
overlords of the continent-Men. the master ofTelchar of Nogrod. Read UT 76.
 Gandalf- (R. "Elf ofthe Wand"). A Maia servant ofManwe, Gildor (Inglorion) - [2J A Noldo of the House ofFinarfin
Gandalf was one of the Istari (Order of Wizards). As Gandalf (through the line ofFinrod), Gildor resided in 1mladris at the
the Grey, he was a member of the Fellowship of the Ring. Read outbreak of the War of the Ring. He was a friend of Bilbo. His
LotR passim. Gandalf was his name among Northern Men (read Wandering Company kept watch throughout north-central
UT 39 1, 399) . ReadSi1 300; UT 54-5, 235, 283-4, 3 1 2, 3 1 4, Part Eriador and his journeys frequently took him in Lindon or at
3 111 and IVpassim, 356, 360, 363-6, 368, Part 4 11 and 111passim. the Tower Hills. There, he made use of the Western Palantir.
He was called Ol6rin (his given name) in the Undying Lands Gildor eventually sailed to Aman with Last Riding of the
(readSi130- 1; UT249-50, 330, 393, 395-7, 400-2). Among the Keepers of the Ring. ReadLotR Il 1 8-24, 1 25-26, 1 5 1 -52, 1 84,
Elves, he was called Mithrandir (translated the Grey Pilgrim, 234; LotR 11 249 LotRill 3 8 1.
the Grey Wanderer, and the Grey Messenger). Read LotR! 353, Gil-galad - (S. "Star of Radiance"). The name by which
465; 11 1 25, 353; ill 20, 42, 86; SiI 300-4; UT 242, 340, 346, Ereinion ("Scion of Kings") son of Fingon was afterwards
351, 389-90, 392 399), His name is Incanus in the South (read known. Mter the death ofT urgon he became the last High King
LotR11 353), Tharkun (Kh. "Staff-man") among the Dwarves, of the Noldor in Middle-earth, and remained in Lindon after
Greyhame ("Greymantle") in Rohan, and once Uthspell ("Ill­ the end of the First Age; leader with Elendil of the Last Alliance
news") by Wormtongue (read LotRIl 1 49) . of Men and Elves and slain with him in combat with Sauron.
Gap of Rohan, the Gap - The opening, some 20 miles wide, Read LotR! 83, 250, 25 7, 3 1 9-20, 332; Sil 1 54, 1 96, 244, 247,
between the last end of the Misty Mountains and the north­ 254, 267-8, 286- 7, 289-90, 292-4, 297-8; UT 1 48, 1 68, 1 74-
96 thrust spur of the White Mountains, through which flowed the 5, 1 85, 1 99, 203, 206, 2 1 2- 13, 2 l 7, 2 1 9-20, 236-9, 243-4,
river Isen. Read UT 340, 356- 7, 364, 3 70, 4 1 2. For Gap of 247, 254, 258, 262, 266, 280, 282, 305, 395. Called King ofthe
Calenardhon, read UT 3 70. Elves, read UT 1 99. For the Land ofGil-galad (Lindon), read UT
Gates of Summer - A great festival of Gondolin, on the eve 1 85. See also Ereinion.
of which the city was assaulted by the forces ofMorgoth. Read Gihnith - Sister ofGalador, first Lord of Dol Amroth. Read
Si1 242. UT 248.
Gaurwaith - The outlaw-band on the western borders of Gilrain - River of Lebennin in Gondor flowing into the Bay
Doriath that Turin joined, and ofwhich he became the captain. ofBelfalas west of Ethir Anduin. Read LotRill 1 84; UT 242-3,
Read UT 85, 8 7, 90. Translated Wolf-men; read UT 85, 90. 3 1 6.
Gelion - The great river of East Beleriand, rising in Himring Gimilkhad -(Ad.). Younger son ofAr-Gimilzor and Inzilbeth
and Mount Rerir and fed by the rivers of Ossiriand flowing and father of Ar-Pharazon, the last King ofNumenor. Read sa
down from the Blue Mountains. Read Si1 54-5, 9 1-2, 96, 1 1 2, 269; UT 242-3, 3 1 6.
1 2 1-4, 1 40, 1 42, 1 46, 153, 1 8 8, 232-5. GimiIzagar - Second son of Tar-Calmacil. Read UT 227.
Gehnir 1 J - (S.). Elf of Nargothrond, brother of Gwindor, Gimli - (Kh.) Dwarf ofthe House ofDurin, son ofGl6in; one
J
capture in the Dagor Bragollach and afterwards put to death of the Fellowship of the Ring. Read LotR passim; UT 235, 277-
in front of Eithel Sirion, as a provocation to its defenders, 8, 32 1, 328-9, 336, 365, 402.
before the Nirnaeth Arnoediad. Read Sil 1 88, 1 9 1. Ginglith - River in West Beleriand flowing into the Narog
Gehnir [2J - (S.). Noldorin Elf of the people ofAngrod, who above Nargothrond. Read Sil 1 69, 2 1 2.
with Arminas came upon Tuor at Annon-in-Gelydh and after­ Gladden - River flowing down from the Misty Mountains and
wards went to Nargothrond to warn Orodreth of its peril. Read joining Anduin at the Gladden Fields; translation of Sindarin Sir
Si1 2 1 2; UT 2 1 -2, 5 1-2, 159-62. Ninglor. Read LotR! 259; UT 280- 1, 337, 339, 343, 353.
Gethron - Man of Hurin's household who with Grithnir
Gladden Fields - Partial translation of Loeg Ningloron (S.
accompanied Turin to Doriath and afterwards returned to Dor- "Pools of the Golden Water-flowers"); the great stretches of
16min. Read UT 7 l, 73-4. reeds and iris (gladden) in and about where the Gladden River
Ghan-buri-Ghan - Chieftain of the Druedain or "Wild joined Anduin, where Isildur was slain and the One Ring lost.
Men" of Druadan Forest. Read LotRill 130-3, 3 13; UT 382- Read especially UT 280. Read LotRI 83; Sil 295-6, 30 I; UT 258,
5. As Ghan, read UT 385. 2 72, 275-6, 280-3, 288, 297, 3 12- 13.
Gildor - [ 1 J An Adan of the First House, he was one of the Glade - Generically refering to any open sp ace in a forest, this
Crond twelve companions of Barahir in Dorthonion. Read Sil 1 55. word in L6rien also refers to the various craft and service guilds.
Glamdring - ("Foe-hammer"). Sword originally wielded by Gondor - (S. "Stone-land"). Also known as the South
Turgon, King of Gondolin, but lost when the city fell to Kingdom, Gondor is the great Dunadan realm that lies west of
Morgoth. Gandalf recovered the blade in the Third Age and Mordor and north of the Bay of Belfalas. It includes a number
bore it through the War of the Rings. Read IetRl 367; 11 1 4 7; of regions: (clockwise from the north) Calenardhon (Rohan
III 336; UT 54. after T.A. 2510); An6rien; Ithilien; Lossarnach; Lebennin;
Glanduin - (S. "Swanfleet," "Border-river")' A major river Belfalas; Lamedon; Anfalas (including Pinnath Gelin); and
marking the southern border of Eregion. It flows westward Andrast. Osgiliath on the Anduin serves as the Gondorian
from the Misty Mountains to join the Mitheithel at Tharbad, capital until T.A. 1 640, when the throne is moved to Minas
the two becoming the Gwathl6. It is called "swanfleet" because Anor (Minas Tirith). Read IetRl 23, 29, 3 1 9; 11 20; III 20; Sil
of the many swans which frequent its lower reaches - espe­ 291-7, 302-4; UT 1 63-5, 1 73, 2 1 4, 224, 241-2, 244, 24 7, 255,
cially Ost-in-EdhiI. Read UT 261-5. See Ntn-in-Eilph. 259-60, 262, 264, Part 3 I and 11 passim, 3 1 4, 326, 330, 338-9,
Glaurung - The first of the Dragons of Morgoth, called the 344, 354, 356, 364, 366, 369- 73, 383-4, 386, 390, 398-400,
Father of Dragons; in the Dagor Bragollach, the Nirnaeth 402-9, 4 1 1- l3. For City of Gondor (Minas Tirith), read Sil
Arnoediad, and the Sack of Nargothrond; cast his spell upon 304. As the Southern Realm/South Kingdon/Kingdom of the
Turin and upon Nienor; slain by Turin at Cabed-en-Aras. South, read UT 24 1, 28 7, 295, 304, 306, 308, 3 lO, 3 69. For
Called also the Great Worm (read UT 1 2 7, 133, 1 43-4), and the Gondorian(s), read UT 306, 3 7 l-2 (cf. Great People of the
Worm of Morgoth (read UT 135). Read Sil I l 6- 1 7, 1 48, 1 51, West, read UT 304). 97
1 53, 1 92-3, 2 12- 15, 2 1 7- 1 8, 220-6, 229-30, 239, 242; UT 75, Gorgoroth - (S.). A plateau in Mordor, between the converg­
lO7, I l 2, I l 7-20, 124-45, 1 49-50, 155, 159. In many refer­ ing Mountains of Shadow and Mountains of Ash. Read IetRl
ences called the Dragon, also called the Great Worm of 321, 5 1 9; 11308; III 207; Si1 292, 294, 296. Also refers to Ered
Angband (read UT 3 7) and the Gold-worm of Angband (read Gorgoroth.
UT 75). Gorlim -:- Called the Unhappy; one of the twelve companions
Glingal- ("Hanging Flame"). The image of Laurelin made by of Barahlr on Dorthomdn, who was ensnared by a phantom of
Turgon in Gondolin. Read Si1 1 26. his wife . Eilinel and revealed to Sauron the hiding-place of
Glirhuin - A minister of BrethiI. Read Si1 230. Barahir. Read Sil 1 55, 1 62-3.
Glithui - River flowing down from Ered Wethrin, a tributary Gothmog- Lord ofBairogs, high-captain ofAngband, slayer
ofTeiglin. Read UT 38, 54, 68. of Feanor, Fingon, and Ecthelion. (The same name was borne
in the Third Age by the Lieutenant of Minas Morgul; IetRIll
Gl6in - (Kh.) Dwarf of the House of Durin, companion of 1 48.) Read Sil 107, 1 93, 1 95, 242; UT 56.
Thorin Oakenshield; father of Gimli. Read IetRl 300-3, 3 15-
Gramuz - (Rh. "Plainsmen"). The sedentary Northman
55, passim, 361; 11 42; III 70; UT 327, 332-3.
farmers and herders of the Rhovanion prairie.
Gl6redhel - (S.). Daughter ofHador L6rindol ofDor-16min
and sister ofGaldor; wedded Haldir ofBrethiI. Read Sil 1 58; ur Great Gates - East Gate of Khazad-dum; also called the
57, 68. Dimrill Gate. It opens eastward onto Azanulbizar.
Glorfindel - (S.). Elf of Gondolin, who fell to his death in Greater Gelion - One of the two tributary branches of the
Cirith Thoronath in combat with a Balrog after the escape from river Gelion in the north, rising in Mount Rerir. Read Sil 1 23.
the sack ofthe city. The name means "Golden-haired." Read Sil Great Journey - The westward march of the Eldar from
1 94, 243-4. Also the name of an Elf of Rivendell. Read IetRl Cuivienen. Read UT 228, 236, 24 1, 256.
280-6, 293-9, passim, 3 15, 348-6 1, passim; III 309; UT 353. Great Plague - The plague that spread out ofRhovanion into
Gollum - A Stoor Hobbit, originally named Smeagol, who Gondor and Eriador in T.A. 1 636. Read UT 262, 264, 288-9,
recovered the One Ring from the river-bed of the Anduin. Read 3 1 1, 354, 3 70. As the Dark Plague, read UT 404.
LotR passim; UT 1 48, 337-9, 342-5, 349, 353. Green-elves - Translation of Laiquendi; the Nandorin Elves
Golodhrim - (S.). The Noldor. Golodh was the Sindarin ofOssiriand. For their origin, read Si1 94, and for the name, read
form of Quenya No/Jo, and -rim a collective plural ending; cf. Si1 96. Read Sil 96, I l3, 1 23-4, 1 40, 1 42, 1 53, 1 95, 235-6; UT
Annon-in-Gelydh, the Gate of the Noldor. Read Sil 1 34. 234, 256.
Golug - (B.S.) Orc name for the Noldor. Read UT 92. Greenway - (S. "Men Galen"). The section ofthe Old North
Gondolin - (S. "The Hidden Rock"). Secret city of King Road between Bree and Tharbad, the Greenway cuts across
Turgon surrounded by the Encircling Mountains (Echoriath). Cardolan. It is so named because ofthe grass that grows between
Destroyed by Morgoth. The original Quenya name for Gondolin its paving stones. Read LotRI 29, 207; III 335; UT 3 48. See
was Ondolinde ("Stone Song"). Read IetRl 3 1 9; Sil 60, 107, Roads.
1 25-6, 13 1-2, 134-6, l 38-9, 154, 1 58-60, 1 82, 1 89-90, 1 92, Greenwood the Great - Translation of the Sindarin name
1 94, 1 96- 7, 205, 227-8, 239-44, 247, 249, 254, 261; UT 5 1 - Eryn Galen, the great forest east of the Misty Mountains,
6, 63, 66, 1 46, 1 72, 1 8 9, 228, 235, 248-9, 25 1, 3 1 6- l7 . afterwards named Mirkwood. ReadIetRI 2 1; Si1 290, 295, 299-
Called Ondolinde, the Hidden City (read UT 28, 56), the 300, 302; UT 249, 25 1-2, 258-9, 27l-3, 2 79-83, 391.
Hidden Kingdom (read UT 1 8, 3 9, 42-3, 46-7, 50, 56) and the Greylin Name given by the Eotheod to a river flowing from
-

Hidden Realm (read UT 1 6 1). Ered Mithrin to join Anduin near its source. (The second
Gondotindrim - (S.). The people of Gondolin. Read Sil 138, element of the name must be Anglo-Saxon hrynn "torrent," the
159, 1 92; UT 53. Also called the Hidden People, read UT 3 1 - literal meaning of which was probably "the noisy one.") Read
2, 42. UT 295, 3 13.
Grima - Counsellor ofKing Theoden and agent ofSaruman.
ReadIetRll 1 5 1-8, 227, 233; III 77, 1 74, 324, 369-70; UT340,
345-7, 355, 359, 365, 367-8, 391. Called (the) Wormtongue,
(read LotRll 1 44, 1 48-60, 226-9; UT 277, 340, 345-6, 367).
 Grimbold - Rider of Rohan, from Westfold; with Elfhehn Read 5i1 1 4 7-8, 152, 1 55, 1 58, 1 60; UT 5 7, 60, 68, 71, 73, 75,
leader of the Rohirrim at the Second Battle ofthe Fords ofIsen; 79, l O5. For House/People/Kindred of Hador, read 5il 1 48,
died on the Pelennor Fields. Read LotRIU 135, 15 1-2; UT 356- 157-8, 160, 1 8 9, 1 94-5, 1 98-9, 206, 2 15, 22 7, 249; UT 1 7- 1 8,
66, 368-9. 20- 1, 28, 46, 62-5, 68-9, 72, 78, 85, 89-90, 1 1 2, 1 15, 1 24, 1 46-
Gritlunir - Man of Hurin's household who with Gethron 7, 1 6 1, 1 73, 2 1 4- 1 5, 3 l O, 386; LotRl 355; LotRll 364. For son
accompanied Turin to Doriath, where he died. Read UT 71, 73-4. of Haldor (Galdor), read UT 2 1. For heir of (the House of)
Grond - Thejreat mace of Morgoth, with which he fought Hador, Turin, read UT 62, 64-5, 71. For Hehn of Hador, see
Fingolfin; calle the Hammer of the Underworld. The batter­ Dragon-hehn of Dor-16min.
ing-ram used against the Gate of Minas Tirith was named after Haladin - The second people of Men to enter Beleriand;
it. Read LotRIU 1 24; 5i1 1 54. afterwards called the People ofHaleth, dwelling in the Forest
Guild of Weaponsmiths (in Numenor) - Members of this of Brethil, also called the Men of Brethil. Read 5il 1 42, 1 45-6,
guild possessed great skill in the forging of swords, axe-blades, 1 55, 157-8, 1 60, 1 92, 1 95; UT 383-4.
spears, and knives. Before the days of imperial conquest, these Haldad - Leader of the Haladin in their defense against the
weapons were created to preserve the craft rather than to arm attack on them by Orcs in Thargelion, and slain there; father of
warriors on the field of battle. Read UT 1 70. the Lady Haleth. Read 5il 1 45-7.
Guilin -Father ofGehnir and Gwindor, Elves ofNargothrond. Haldan - Son of Haldar; leader of the Haladin after the death
98 Read 5il 1 8 8, 1 9 1, 207, 209, 2 1 2. of the Lady Haleth. Read 5il 1 46.
Gundor - Younger son of Hador L6rindol, lord of Dor- Haldar - Son of Haldad of the Haladin, and brother of the
16min; slain with his father at Eithel Sirion in the Dagor Lady Haleth; slain with his father in the Ore-raid on Thargelion.
Bragollach. Read 5il 1 48, 152, 25 1. Read 5il 1 46-7.
Gurthang - (S. "Iron of Death"). Name of Beleg's sword Haldir - Son of Halmir of Brethil; wedded Gl6rdehel,
Anglachel after it was reforged for Turin in Nargothrond, and daughter of Hador of Dor-16min; slain in the Nirnaeth
from which he was named Mormegil (Blacksword). Read 5il Arnoediad. Read 5il 158, 1 89-90, 1 92, 1 95; UT 5 7, 68.
2 l O, 2 1 3, 2 1 6, 222, 224-6; UT l lO, 126, 128, 135, 1 3 7, 1 40- Haleth Called the Lady Haleth; leader ofthe Haladin (who
-

3, 1 45. Called the Black Thorn of Brethil, read UT 1 28. were named from her the people ofHaleth) from Thargelion to
Gwaeron - (S.). Sindarin name of the third month "in the the lands west of Sirion. Read 5i1 1 46- 7; UT 130, 3 77, 385. For
reckoning of the Edain," read UT 62. (With Gwaeron cf. the House/People/Folk/Men ofHaleth, read 5i1 1 46-8, 157, 1 89,
name of the eagle Gwaihir "Windlord") See Sulime. 2 1 6, 22 1-2; UT 63, 85, 8 7, l l O- 1 1, 1 29, 134, 377-80, 382-4,
Gwaith-i-Mirdain - (S. "Brotherhood of the Jewelsmiths"). 386-7. As Halethrim (the People ofHaleth), read UT 1 40. See
A guild, school, and workshop established by Celebrimbor in also Brethil.
Hollin. This order achieved greater feats of workmanship than Half-elven -Translation ofSindarin Peredhel, plural Peredhil,
any other individual or group in Middle-earth save Feanor ­ applied to Elrond and Elros. Read 5il 246, 254, 26 1, 286, 288,
and perhaps Annatar, though the power ofthe Elven -rings was and to Earendil, read 5il 24 1 .
such that even the One could not truly dominate them. Also Halifirien - (R. "Holy Mount"). Seventh beacon o fGondor
known simply as Mirdain. Read 5i1 286; UT 23 7-8. For House in Ered Nimrais. Named Amon Anwar in Sindarin, translated
of the Mirdain, read UT 238. "Hill of Awe" and partially as "Hill of Anwar" Eilenaer is its
Gwathl6 - (S. "Gwaithir," "River of Shadow;" W. pre-NUmen6rean name (related to Eilenach). Read UT 300-2,
"Greyflood;" A. "Agathurush"). The wide, slow-moving river 306, 308- 1 0, 3 1 4, 3 1 6, 3 1 8-9.; LotRIU 20,94. For Halifirien
that cuts through southeastern Eriador. Formed by the confluence Wood, see Firien Wood.
of the rivers Mitheithel (Hoarwell) and Glanduin, it carries Hallacar - Son of Hallatan of Hyarastorni; wedded Tar­
water southwestward into the Belegaer. The Gwathl6 separates Ancalime, first Ruling Queen ofNumenor, with whom he was
Miilhiriath from Enedhwaith (Enedwaith) and forms the long at strife. Hallacar gave himself the name Mamandil during his
southeastern border ofCardolan. Both Tharbad and Lond Daer first encounters with Ancalime. Read UT 209, 2 1 1 - 1 2, 220.
are situated on its banks. Read UT 1 75, 200, 206, 2 1 4, 239-40, Hallas - Son of Cirion; Thirteenth Ruling Steward of
26 1-5, 2 78, 3 1 4, 340, 344, 346, 3 70, 383. See Battle of the Gondor; deviser of the names Rohan and Rohirrim. Read UT
Gwathl6. 297, 302, 307.
Gwindor - Elf of Nargothrond, brother of Gehnir; enslaved Hallatan Lord ofHyarastorni in the Mittehnar (Inlands) of
-

in Angband, but escaped and aided Beleg in the rescue ofTurin; NUmenor; cousin of Tar-Aldarion. Read UT 1 9 7-9, 204, 206,
brought Turin to Nargothrond; loved Finduilas Orodreth's 209, 2 1 1, 2 1 7, 220. Called the Sheep-lord, read UT 1 95.
daughter; slain in the Battle ofTumhalad. Read 5il 1 88, 1 90-2, Halls of Awaiting - The Halls of Mandos. Read 5i1 6 7.
207- 1 2; UT 3 7, 5 1, 54, 154-9.
Halmir - Lord of the Haladin, son of Haldan and father of
H Haldir; with Beleg ofDoriath defeated the Orcs that came south
from the Pass ofSirion after the Dagor Bragollach. Read 5il 15 7-
H. - Abbreviation for Haradaic, the dominant language 8, 1 89; UT 57.
family in northern (Near) Harad. (It is occasionally rendered
"Hat.") Hima -Captain of the household of King Theoden. Read UT
367.
Hador - (Ad.). Hador was Lord of the Third House of the
Edain (aka the "House of Hador"). A heroic ally ofFingolfin, Hamfast Gamgee -Sam Gamgee's father. (The name Harnfast
he was the greatest of the Adan chieftains who fought during is Anglo-Saxon ham1aest, literally "home-fixe" or "home-firm.")
the Dagor Bragollach. There, he commanded Fingolfin's Read LotRl44- 7, 50, 65, l O4-5, 1 13, 344; LotRll2 72, 336, 430;
rearguard. He perished while defending the Eithel Sirion. As LotRIU2 1 2, 259, 327, 362-73; UT 327. Called Gaffer Gamgee
Lord of Dor-16min, Hador was often called L6rindol (S. and the Gaffer, read UT 327, 352.
"Goldenhead"). He fathered Galdor, the father of Hurin. Handir - Son ofHaldir and Gl6redhel, father ofBrandir the
Lame, read UT l l O, 129, 138, 1 4 1; lord of the Haladin after
Haldir's death; slain in Brethil in battle with Orcs. Read 5il 1 95,
2 1 2, 2 1 6; UT 9 1 .
Harad - (S. "South"). The vast region located below the river Helcar - The Inland Sea in the northeast of Middle-earth,
Harnen, south of Gondor and Mordor. Although (periodi­ where once stood the mountain of the lamp ofIlluin; the mere
cally) autonomous, Umbar is in Harad. Harad is also called of Cuivienen where the first Elves awoke is described as a bay
Haradwaith, a label which more properly refers to the people of in this sea. Read Sil 49, 53.
the region. Read LitRi 325, 5 1 9; LitRll 338; LitR11I 43; UT Helcaraxe - The strait between Araman and Middle-earth;
1 8 1, 236, 295, 3 1 2, 398-9, 402. Near Harad, read UT 3 1 2, 3 98. also referred to as the Grinding Ice. Read Sil 5 1, 5 7, 80, 8 9-90,
Far Harad, read UT 398-9. 1 08, 1 1 6, 129, 134; UT 33, 56.
Haradaic - The dominant language family in northern (Near) Helevorn - (5. "Black Glass"). A lake in the north of
Harad. Haradaic is associated with the Haradrim (Haradwaith). Thargelion, below Mount Rerir, where Caranthir dwelt. Read Sil
Southern Haradrim, however, generally speak various forms of 1 1 2, 124, 1 53.
(northern) Apysaic. Helluin - The star Sirius. Read Sil 48, 64.
Haradrim - (S. "Southern People," "South-folk," Helm's Deep - (5. "Ostiras"). Located near the center .of
"Southrons"). Also called the Haradwaith . The Haradrim Rohan's Westfold, Helm's Deep is the westernmost Rohlrrlm
comprise various confederations of Haradalc-. and Apysalc­
refuge. It consists ofa fortress, the Hornburg, and wall complex
speaking peoples who reside in Harad. Read LitRl 322; LotRll (Deeping Wall) built across the mouth of a gorg e, while the
363; LotR11I 86; Si1 293; UT 383, 399. Glittering Caves (Aglarond) lie at its southern end. Read LitRll
Haragaer - (5. "South Sea")' The ocean south of Middle­ 1 68- 71; LitRIl1 63; UT 356, 358, 360, 362, 364-5, 367, 3 7 1, 99
earth. Part of the Ekkaia, or "Encircling Sea," the Haragaer 4 l l.
separates Endor from the lands of the Utter South. Its waters Henderch - Man from the Westlands ofNumenor, a mariner
meet those ofthe Belegaer to the west at Metham (Hyamumente). of Tar-Aldarion. Read UT 1 96-7, 1 99.
Hareth - Daughter of Halmir of Brethil; wedded Galdor of Henneth Annun - (5. "Window of the Sunset"). Name of a
Dor-16min; mother of Hurin and Huor. Read Sil 158, 1 60; UT cave behind a waterfall in Ithilien. ReadLitRIl 3 5 8; LitR11I 1 02;
57, 63. UT 397. .
Harfoots - One of the three peoples into which the Hobbits Herumor - A renegade Numen6rean who became mighty
were divided. The other two groups were Fallohides and Stoors. among the Haradrim at the end of the Second Age. Read Sil 293.
Read LitRl 22; UT 287.
Hidden Kingdom Name given both to Doriath (read Sil 1 1 5,
-

Harlindon - Lindon south ofthe Gulfof Lhun. Read UT 252. 1 64, 1 66, 225) and to Gondolin (read Sil 1 3 1, 24 1 ). For Hidden
Harlond - (5. "South Haven"). A port suburb of Minas King, see Turgon.
Tirith, Harlond is situated southeast of the city. It lies on the High Pass - The pass through the Misty Mountains east of
northern bank of the Anduin, just outside the Rammas Echor, Ri vendell, read LotRl3 01; LitRll 43 7; UT 2 78, 353. Also called
and serves as the capital's principal commercial entry pomt. Cirith Forn en Andrath (5. 'The High-climbing Pass of the
Harlond's five anchorages are surrounded by a landward wall. North"), read UT 2 7 1, 2 78, and the Pass of Imladris, read UT
Read LotR11I 23. 28 1-2.
Harrowdale- (W. "Disturbing Valley''). Valley in the north­ Hildifons Took One of Bilbo Baggins' uncles. Read UT 332.
-

central White Mountains out of which flows the nver

Hildor - (5. "Followers"). Sinda name for the Secondborn
Snowbourne. The northward facing mouth of Harrowdale
(Men). The term also refers to the original "Fathers of Men."
opens into Rohan just below Edoras. The high meadow of
Otmharrow sits above Harrowdale. Read LitRl11 66; UT 366-8. Hild6rien - (S. "Land of the Followers"). Birthplace of Men
(Hildor) in the First Age. Hild6rien lay south of Cuivienen,
Hathaldir Called the Young; one of the twelve companions
-
along the northern flanks of the Mountains of the Wind in the
of Barahir on Dorthonion. Read Si1 1 55.
Farthest East of Middle-earth. Read Sil 1 03, 1 4 1.
Hathol - Father of Hador Lorindo!. Read Si1 1 4 7.
Hildorin - (5. ). The language of the Hildor and mother
Hatholdir - Man of Numenor, friend of Tar-Meneldur; tongue of mannish speech. It was deri�ed from Avarm (EIvlsh)
father of Orchaldor. Read UT 1 73. and influenced by Melkonn (the AnCient Black-tongue).
Haudh-en-Arwen - (5. "The Ladybarrow"). The burial­ Hillmen - A short, dark hardy folk who settled Rhudaur in
mound of Haleth in the Forest of Brethi!. Read Sil 1 4 7. the late First and early Second Ages. Distantly related to the
Haudh-en-Elleth � (5. "Mound of the Elf-maid"). Situated Dunlendings, they lived peaceably as hunters and gathers until
in Brethil near the Crossings of Teiglin, it was the mound m the coming of the Dunedain and Dunlendmg tnbes dunng the
which Finduilas [ I] ( the N oldo daughter ofOrodreth and lover late Second Age. Over time, they all but disappeared as a dlstmct
ofTurin) was buried. Turin watched over the grave ofhis fallen group.
lover, and there met his Nienor. Read Si1 2 1 6- 1 7, 2 1 9-20, 223, Himlad - (5. "Cool Plain"). The region where Celegorm and
225; UT 1 1 2, 122, 124, 130, 1 3 7-8, 1 43.; Read UT 1 1 2. Curufin dwelt south ofthe Pass of Aglon. Read Sil 124, 13 2, 135.
Haudh-en-Ndengin - (5. "The Mound of Slain"). Located Himring - (5. "Ever-cold"). The great hill west of Maglor's
. of the
in the desert of Anfauglith, where were piled the bodies Gap on which was the stronghold of Maedhros. Read Sil 1 1 2,
Elves and Men that died in the Nirnaeth Arnoediad. Also called 1 23-4, 132, 1 52-3, 1 76, 1 8 4, 1 8 9.
Haudh-en-Nirnaeth (5. "Mound of Tears"). Read Sil 1 9 7-8;
UT 1 7, 66, 68, 1 46. As the Great Mound, read UT 1 05-6. Hirilonde - ("Haven-finder"). The great ship built by Tar­
Aldarion. Read UT 1 92, 1 95, 201-2, 205, 2 1 3. Called Turuphanto
Havens, The - Brithombar and Eglarest on the coast of ("The Wooden Whale") during its construction, read UT 1 9 1 .
Beleriand, read Sil 1 0 7, I I3, 1 2 1, 1 54, 1 96; UT 32, 34, 247. The
Hirilorn - (5.). The great beech-tree in Doriath with three
Havens of Sirion at the end of the First Age, read Sil 238, 246-
trunks, in which Luthien was imprisoned. The name means
7, 253; UT 1 8, 2 1, 1 46, 233, 249, 252. The Grey Havens
"Tree of the Lady." Read Sil 1 72, 1 86; UT 78.
(Mithlond) in the Gulf of Lhun, read Sil 289, 298-9 304.
!
Alqualonde, the Haven of the Swans of Swanhaven, IS also
called simply The Haven, read Sil 8 7, 89.
 Hfsil6me - (Q. "Land of Mist"). Quenya name of HithI urn. Hunthor - A Man ofthe Haladin in Brethil who accompanied
Read Sil 1 1 8. Turin in his attack on Glaurung at Cabed-en-Aras and was
Hfsime - (Q.). Quenya name ofthe eleventh month according killed there by a falling stone. Read Sil 22 1-2; UT 129, 132-4,
to the Numen6rean calendar, corresponding to November. 139. Wife of Hunthor, read UT l 32.
Called Hithui in Sindarin. Read UT 3 7, 43, 2 79. Huor - Son of Galdor of Dor-16min, husband of Rian and
Hithlum - (S. "Land of Mist"). The region bounded on the father ofTuor; went to Gondolin with Hurin his brother; slain
east and south by Ered Wethrin and on the west by Ered L6min. in the Nirnaeth Arnoediad. Read Sil 1 26, 1 48, 158, 1 90, 194,
Called Hisil6me in Quenya. Read Sil 5 1, 8 1, l O6, l O8-9, I l l, 1 98, 238, 240- 1, 243, 25 1; UT 1 7- 1 8, 22, 29, 5 7-8, 65, 68, 146,
I l 6, I l 8- 1 9, 1 2 1, 1 23, 1 3 1, 1 43, 1 51 -7, 1 60, 1 82, 1 89-92, 1 6 1. For "Son ofHuor" (Tuor), read UT 1 7- 1 8, 2 1, 2 7-9, 32,
1 94-6, 1 98-9, 207, 227, 238; UT 1 7- 1 8, 25, 57, 59, 66-9, 74- 35, 46, 5 1, 1 6 1 .
5, 78-80. Huorns - The "trees" that came to the Battle ofthe Hornburg
Hobbiton - Village in the Westfarthing of the Shire, home of and entrapped the Orcs. The name is doubtless Sindarian,
Bilbo Baggins. Read UT 323, 348, 352-3. containing om "tree." C£ Meriadoc's words in LotRlI ; "They
still have voices, and can speak with the Ents - that is why they
Hobbits - (Kd. "Kuduk"). Also called Halflings, Periannath,
are called Huorns. Treebeard says." Read LotRlI 2 1 7; LotR11l
or Shire-folk, the Hobbits are the shortest of the Free Peoples,
averaging between 2 and 4 feet in height and tending to be fat.
58; UT 364.
1 00 They have large, hairy feet and usually go barefoot. Lovers of Hurin [IJ - Called Thalion ( read UT 62, 65, 156, 159), "the
good food and drink, Halflings spend much of their time dining Steadfast" ( read UT 66, 74), "the Strong;" son of Galdor of
at taverns and friends' houses. They can move very quietly in Dor-16min, husband of Morwen and father of Turin and
need, and possess a high level ofmanual dexterity. Hobbits have Nienor; lord ofDor-16min, vassal ofFingon. Went with Huor
stout constitutions and resist even the most powerful magical his brother to Gondolin; captured by Morgoth in the Nirnaeth
and physical damage for extended periods. Arnoediad but defied him; set upon Thangorodrim for many
They are a simple race of curious origin, divided into Stoor, years; after his release slew Mlm in Nargothrond and brought
Harfoot, and Fallohide subgroup s. The tall, slim, fair Fallohides the Nauglamir to King Thingol. Read LotR! 355; Sil 1 26, 148,
are the least numerous, most adventurous, and closest to Elves 158-60, 1 90-201, 205-6, 208- I l, 2 1 3- 1 7, 220, 222-4, 226-
and Men. The smaller, browner Harfoots are the most common 33, 238, 241, 25 1; UT 1 7- 1 8, 2 1, 32, 3 7, 46, Part I Ilpassim (in
and are closest to the Dwarves; both groups enjoy rugged many cases naming Hurin only as father or kinsman), 386. For
highlands and hills. The Stoors fall inbetween in sixze and the Tale of the Children of Hurin, read UT 9 7, 1 46.
numbers. This tribe returned to the Wilderland during the 1 5th Hurin [2J -:c- Hurin (the Tall) ofEmyn Arnen, Steward ofKing
century of the Third Age and settled by the Gladden Fields on Minardi!, from whom derived the House of the Stewards of
the Anduin's west bank. Read LotR! 1 9-20, 323; LotRlI 1 6- 7, Gondor. Read LotRIIl 148, 292, 301-2, 304; UT 309.
207; LotR1ll 2 1, 46, 88, 1 43, 1 65, 244, 284; Si1 303; UT 253, Hyarastorni - Lands of the lordship of Hallatan in the
286-7, 323, 325, 329, 33 1-4, 33 7, 339, 342, 344, 347, 349-52, Mittelmar (Inlands) of Numenor. Read UT 1 9 7-9, 204, 206,
354, 382, 385, 398, 399, 402, 405. Called the Little People, read 209, 2 I l, 2 1 7.
UT 349-5 1. Hyarmendacil I -("South-victor"). Fifreenth King ofGondor.
Holman Greenhand - Hobbit of the Shire, Bilbo Baggins' Read UT 260.
gardener. Read UT 323, 327. Hyarmentir - The highest mountain in the regions south of
Hornburg - Fortress in Rohan at the entrance to Helm's Valinor. Read Sil 74.
Deep. Suthburg is its former name. Read LotRlI 1 69; LotR1ll 56; Hyarnustar - (Q. "Southwestlands"). The south-western
UT 359-60, 363, 365, 3 70-1, 3 73. See Battle of the Hornburg; promontory of Numenor. Read UT 1 65, 1 6 7-8.
Aglarond.
Hyarrostar-(Q. "Southeastlands"). The south-eastern prom­
Huan - ("Great Dog," "Hound"). The great wolfhound of ontory of Numenor. Read UT 1 65, 1 68.
Valinor that Orome gave to Celegorm; friend and helper of
Hythe -(W. "Harbor"). A small port or dock; specifically the
Beren and Luthien; slew and slain by Carcharoth. Read Sil 1 72-
small harbor in L6rien near the confluence of the Anduin and
80, 1 82, 1 85-6.
Celebrant.

Iant Iaur
 I lsengard - (S. "Angrenost;" W. "Iron Fortress"). Built by
Iantlaur - (S. "The Old Bridge"). Built over the Esgalduin on Gondor to guard the gap of Rohan, Isengard is an ancient
the northern borders of Doriath; also called the Bridge of citadel located in a valley called Nan Curunir, at the southern­
most tip of the Misty Mountains. The fortress stands vigil over
Esgalduin. Read Sil 1 2 1, 132.
thal - A mariner in the service of Tar-Aldarion, Ibal hailed western Calenardhon (Rohan) and the upper Isen (Angren)
valley. It consists of a four-spired black tower, Orthanc, hewn
from Emerie in Numenor. He was the son of Ulbar. Read UT
from a volcanic laen plug and surrounded by a natural, volcanic­
194, 1 98, 207. stone wall enclosure. One of the seven Palantiri was located in
Ihun - One of the sons ofMlm the Petty-dwarf. Read Sil 203, Orthanc. In T.A. 2759, the citadel became the abode of
205-6; UT 1 0 1 -2. Saruman. Read LotRl 338; LotRll 2 1, 207; LotRlll 22; Sil 291,
Idril - Called Celebrindal "Silverfoot;" the daughter (and 300-3; UT 305-6, 3 1 8, 338-4 1, 345- 7, 354, 356-7, 359-61,
only child) of Turgon and Elenwe; wife of Tuor, mother of 363-6, 3 70-3, 392, 404-5, 4 1 2. Ring ofIsengard ( read UT 3 71 -
Earendil, with whom she escaped from Gondolin to the Mouths 3, 4 1 2), and Circle ofIsengard (read UT 3 40) refer to the great
of Sirion; departed thence with Tuor into the West. Read Sil circular wall surrounding the inner plain, in the center of which
126, 134, 136, 138-9, 240-3, 245-6, 249, 254, 261; UT 56, was Orthanc. For Isengarders, read UT 358-9.
249, 25 1. lsengar Took - One of Bilbo Baggins uncles. Read UT 332.
lliuin One o f the Lamps o f the Valar made by AuIe. Illuin
-
Isil - (Q.). Quenya name of the Moon. Read Sil 99- 1 00.
stood in the northern part of Middle-earth, and after the
101
lsildur - Elder son of Elendil, who with his father and his
overthrow of the mountain by Melkor the Inland Sea ofHelcar
brother Anarion escaped from the Drowning ofNumenor and
was formed there. Read Si1 35-6, 49, 57.
founded in Middle-earth the Numen6rean realms in exile; lord
Ilmare - A Maia, the handmaid of Varda. Read Si1 30. of Minas Ithil; cut the Ruling Ring from Sauron's hand; slain
Ihnen - The region above the air where the stars are. Read Sil by Orcs in the Anduin when the Ring slipped from his finger.
99- 1 0 1, 282. Read LotRl 83, 87, 92, 3 1 9-32 passim 361, 509; LotRll 43;
Imlach - Father of Arnlach. Read Sil 1 44. LotRlll 62; SiI 2 72-3, 2 76, 279-80, 290-6, 301; UT 2 15, 2 7 1-
Imladris -(So "Rivendell," literally "Deep Dale ofthe Cleft"). 83, 300, -304, 308- 10, 3 70, 383. For Heirs of Isildur, read Sil
Elrond's dwelling in a valley ofthe Misty Mountains. Read Hob 298, 30 I. For Heir oflsildur (Aragorn), readSiI 303-4; UT 280,
46-54, 295-8; LotRl 22, 1 00, 289, 323; LotRll 45, 53; LotRlll 408, 4 1 4. For Ring oflsildur, read UT 406; Scroll oflsildur, read
56, 1 82, 326; Sil 288, 293, 295-8, 303; UT 1 65, 238-40, 243- UT 283, 413; "Tradition ofIsildur," read UT 309- 10; Isildur's
4, 264, 271-2, 277-9, 283-5, 322, 327, 330, 347-8, 350, 353. wife, read UT 2 71.
For Pass of Irnladris, see High Pass. lsilme - Daughter ofTar-Elendil, sister ofSilmarien. Read UT
Imrahil - Lord of Dol Amroth at the time of the War of the
1 73.
Ring. Read LotRlll 23, 50, 1 4 7-8, 1 5 1, 154, 1 65-9, 1 89-207, Isilmo Son of Tar-Surion; father of Tar-Minastir. Read UT
-

287, 30 1, 3 1 6; UT 246, 248, 286, 3 1 6. 220, 226.

Imrazor - Called "the Numen6rean;" took to wife the Elf lstari - The Wizards, the Maiar who were sent from Aman
Mithrellas; father of Galador first Lord of Dol Amroth. Read in the Third Age to resist Sauron; Sindarin Ithryn (see Ithryn
UT 248, 3 1 6. Luin). See Saruman, Gandalf, and Radagast. Read SiI 299-300;
Indis (Q.). Vanyarin Elf, close kin ofIngwe; second wife of
-
UT23 7, 254, 388, 390-5, 40 1 . Translated Wizards, read LotRl
Finwe, mother ofFingolfin and Finarfin. Read Sil 60, 64-5, 69; 290; LotRll 240; UT 388, 391, 395. For Heren Istarion
("Order of Wizards"), read UT 388-9, 392, 400.
UT 229-30.
Indor - Man of Dor-16min, father of Aerin. Read UT 1 08. lthilbor - Nandorin Elf, father of Saeros. Read UT 77, 8 1.
lthilien - (S. "Land of the Moon;" R. "Moonlending").
Ingwe (Q.). Leader ofthe Vanyar, the first ofthe three hosts
-

Although technically a province, Ithilien is essentially a royal

ofthe Eldar on the westward journey from Cuivienen. In Aman
he dwelt upon TaniquetiI. and was held High King of all the fief in northern Gondor. Founded by Isildur, its capital is
located at Minas Ithil (later called Minas Morgul). Ithilien
Elves. Read Si1 52-3, 5 7, 59, 62, 64, 102, 25 1.
encompasses all the lands north of the river Poros, south of the
Inzilbeth - (Ad.). Queen o f Ar-Gimilzor; o fthe house o fthe Wetwang Marshes (Nindal£), east of the Anduin, and west of
lords of AndUnie. Mother ofInziladun (Tar-Palantir). Read Sil Mordor. The river Ithilduin flows through the center of the
268; UT 223, 227. province, dividing it into two parts: Forithilien (North Ithilien)
Irmo - The Vala usually named L6rien, the place of his and Harithilien (South Ithilien). Read LotRl 322; LotRll 326;
dwelling. Irmo means "master ofvisions and dreams," "Desirer," LotRlll 23; UT 1 48, 289, 292-5, 3 1 0, 3 1 2, 3 1 8, 383, 404.
or "Master of Desire." Olofantur is the earlier "ttue" name North Ithilien, read UT 3 1 9; South Ithilien, read UT 292, 295.
Irmo (L6rien). Read Sil 28, 30, 63; UT 253, 397. See also lthil-stone, Stone ofIthil - The palantir of Minas IthiI. Read
Feanturi.
LotRll 259; UT 403-5, 407- 10, 4 1 2, 4 1 4.
Iron Hills Range east of the Lonely Mountain and north of
-
lthryn Luin - (S.). The two Istari, Alatar and Pallando, who
the Sea ofRhUn. Read UT 332. went into the East of Middle-earth and never returned (singular
Iron Mountains - (S. "Ered Engrin," Q. "Orongreni"). The ithron, read UT 388). Read UT 389-90, 393-4, 401. Translated
mountain range in the farthest north of Middle-earth. Ever Blue Wizards, read UT 390, 392, 394.
since the cataclysm at the end of the First Age, its westernmost
lvrin - The lake and falls beneath Ered Wethrin where the
portion lies mostly beneath the sea, while the rest of the range river Narog rose. Read Sil l 1 9, 209; UT 3 7-8, 54, 1 04, 149. For
is sundered by the great Bay ofUtilm. Read Sil 109, 1 15-6, 1 1 8,
Pools oflvrin, readSil l 1 3, 2 1 0, 2 15, 239. For Falls oflvrin, read
151, 1 60. Sil 120, 1 70. For Eithel Ivrin (S. "I vrin' s Well"), the source of
Isen - River flowing from the Misty Mountains through Nan the Norog, read Sil 209, 2 1 2.
Curunir (the Wizard's Vale) and across the Gap of Rohan;
translation (to represent the language of Rohan) of Sindarin
(Sir) Angren, q.v. readLotRl386- 7;LotRll I 66; LotRlll 54; UT
1 75, 2 1 4, 262-4, 303, 305-6, 3 1 4, 3 1 8, 346, 356-7, 360-1,
363-6, 369- 73, 383-4. See Fords ofIsen.
 K Kirinki - Small scarlet-plumaged birds ofNumenor. Read UT
K. - Abbreviation for Kuduk, the ancient Hobbitish tongue. 1 69.
(It is occasionally rendered "Hob.") Kuduk - Ancient Hobbitish, Kuduk is related to pukael. By
Kelvar - (Q. "Animals," "Things that Move;" sing. "Kelva"). the late Third Age, Hobbits speak a different tongue (Westron).
Living things that move or, as noted by Yavanna, that " can flee" L
(Sil 45). Kelvar are under the care ofthe Valie Yavanna. They Ladros - The lands to the northeast ofDorthonion that were
do not include monsters or the Children of I1uvatar (Eru): granted by the Noldorin Kings to the Men of the House of
Elves, Men, Dwarves, etc. Read Sil 45-6. Beor. Read Sil 1 48; UT 70.
Kh. - Abbreviation for Khuzdul the language of Dwarves. Laen - An unbreakable rock with glass-like texture and the
Khamul - (B.S.) Nazgftl, second to the Chief; dwelt in Dol strength and cohesion of superb steel. Nonnally laen is found
Guldur after its reoccupation in T.A. 295 I . Read UT 338-9, in unique volcanic plugs, pillars of stone which hardened within
344, 348, 352. Called the Shadow ofthe East (read UT 338), and the shafts of donnant or extinct volcanos. These deposits
the Black Easterling (read UT 352) . correspond to the land fonned during the struggles with
Khand - Land south-east of Mordor. Read LotRIlI 1 48; UT Morgoth and the other Valar when Middle-earth was being
291-2. shaped. The most famous site is at Isengard.
Kheled-zaram - (Kh. "Glass-lake;" W. "Mirronnere"). Dark Black laen is the most common, although a number of clear
1 02 or colored varieties also exist. The Dunedain ofNumenor were
and smooth as glass, this small, but deep, lake is revered as a holy
the only folk to work the substance on any scale. Elves and
place by the Dwarves. At this place, Durin the Deathless (Durin
I) saw a vision which confinned him as King and led to the Dwarves, however, are acquainted with the material's value and
nature, and the art oflaen-carving is still known in small circles.
founding ofKhazad-dum (Moria). Legend says that during the
Its rarity and utility are legend, but few Men recognize or
First Age, Durin gazed into the waters and saw the reflection of
seven stars. Even though it was daylight, they fonned a crown understand the substance.
above his head. Laer Cit Beleg - (S. "The Song of the Great Bow"). Com­
Today an obelisk marks where Durin stood, and the stars posed by Turin at Eithel Ivrin in memory of Beleg Cuthalion.
always shine in the water, regardless of the lighting; however, no Read Sil 209.
one's face is ever reflected among the ripples of the Mirrormere. Lairelosse - ("Summer-snow-white"). A fragrant evergreen
The lake lies in the vale called Azanulbizar. Shaped like a tree brought to Numenor by the Eldar ofEressea. Read UT 1 67.
spearhead wose point cuts northwestward into the mountains, Lakemen - The Northmen of Lake-town (Esgaroth) and the
Kheled-zaram is fed by a waterfall which is the lowest of a series settlements surrounding the Long Lake.
of small cataracts born in the Cirith Caradhras. In turn, the lake Lalaith - (S. "Laughter"). The name by which Urwen (Hurin
gives birth to the river Celebrant.
and Morwen's daughter who died in childhood) was called,
Khim - Son ofMim the Petty-dwarf, slain by Androg (one of from the stream that flowed past Hurin's house. Read Sil 1 98;
Turin's outlaw band). Read Sil 203, UT 1 0 1, 1 03. UT 57-61, 1 4 7, 1 5 7. See Nen Lalaith.
Khuzdul - The secret language of Dwarves, Khuzdul origi­ Lamedon - (S. "Land ofthe Tongue")' The region ofGondor
nated with the Vala Aule (Mahal) and is derived from Valorin. between the rivers Ringl6 and Morthond, it lies northwest of
It is typically referred to as "Dwarvish." the Land of the Prince, on the southern slopes of the White
Kingdoms of the Dunedain - Arnor and Gondor, read UT Mountains. Its chief town is Calembel (Upon the Hill), on the
263-4, 3 1 4, 405. Also called the Two Kingdoms and the River Ciril. The town ofErech lies in northwestern Lamedon.
Realms in Exile. Read LotRI1l 43; UT 3 1 8.
King's Heir (of Ntimenor) - Title given by the Kings of Lammoth - (S. "The Great Echo"). The region north of the
Numenor to the individual that the sovereign wishes to rule the Firth ofOrengist between Ered L6min and the Sea, named from
realm when he resigns the office. Frequently conferred when the the echoes ofMorgoth's cry in his struggle with Ungoliant. Read
Heir reaches the age of 100 years. Read UT l 70, l 74, l 77-9, Si1 80-I, 1 06; UT 23, 52.
182-6, 1 88-90, 1 98-9, 202, 208-9, 2 1 2, 2 1 4, 2 l 7, 220, 223, Langw�ll - (W. "Source of the Langflood"). The name given
225. by the Eotheod to the river from the northern Misty Mountains
King's Lands - In Rohan, these included Edoras and the which after its junction with Greylin they called Langflood
adjacent lands (among these, Harrowdale), Aldburg, and the (Anduin). Read UT 295.
Folde. Read UT 3 6 7. In Numenor, that part ofMittalmar called Lanthir Lamath - (S. "Waterfall of Echoing Voices"). The
Arandor, in which were located the haven of R6menna, the cascade beside Dior's house in Ossiriand, and after which his
Meneltarma, and Annenelos, the City. of Kings. Read UT 1 65, daughter Elwing ("Star-spray") was named. Read Sil 235.
1 69. Lir - A league (very nearly three miles). ReadUT 2 79, 285.
King's Men - Numen6reans hostile to the Eldar and the Larnach - One ofthe Woodmen in the lands south ofTeiglin.
Elendili. Read Si1 266- 7, 269; UT 22 1. For King's Party, read UT Read UT 88, 90. Daughters of Larnach, read UT 88-90.
223.
Last Alliance - The league made at the end ofthe Second Age
King under the Mountain - Ruler ofthe Dwarves ofErebor. between Elendil and Gil-galad to defeat Sauron; also the
Read LotRI 2 1, 24 1; UT 327. Kingdom, Kingship under the Alliance, the War ofthe (Last) Alliance. Read LotRI 250; LotRI1I
Mountain, read UT 322, 326, 329; Mountain Kingdom, read UT
2 1 5; Si1 293; UT 23 7, 239, 243, 245, 258, 2 7 l, 2 78-82, 308,
329. 395.
Kinslaying, The - The slaying of the Te1eri by the Noldor at Laurelin - (Q. "Song of Gold"). The younger of the Two
Alqualonde. Read Sil 8 7, 89-90, 1 04, I l l, 1 2 7, 129, 139, 1 4 1,
Trees of Valinor. Called also the Tree of the Sun (read UT 49),
156. the Golden Tree ofValinor (read UT 1 68, 253), Malinalda (Q.
Kin-strife - The Gondorian civil war. The Kin-strife took "Tree of Gold"), and Culurien. Read Si1 38-9, 6 1, 74, 99- 1 0 1,
place between T.A. 1432 and T.A. 1447 and pitted the forces 1 26; UT 49, 1 68, 230.
of Castamir "the Usurper" against King Eldacar.
Laurinque - Yellow-flowered tree of the Hyarrostar in
Numenor. Read UT 1 68.
Lay ofLeithian -The long peom concerning the lives ofBeren Lind6rie - Sister of Earendur fifteenth Lord of Andunie,
and Luthien from which the prose account in The Silmarillion Mother of Inzilberh mother ofT ar-Palantir. Read Sil 268; UT
was derived. Leithian is translated "Release from Bondage." 223.
Read Sil 1 62, 1 65, 1 68, 1 7 1-2, 1 86. Lintador - (E. "Tuneful Ones"). One of the two great
Lebennin - (S. "Five Rivers" or "Place of Five Waters"). A branches of the Hildor, they comprise the western branch of
well-settled region lying west of the Anduin and southeast of Men. The Edain and Northmen are Lintado peoples.
the White Mountains. It was one of the "faithful fiefs" of Lisgardh - Land ofreeds at the Mouths ofSirion. Read UT 3 4.
Gondor. The five rivers referred to are the Erui, Sirith, Celos,
Lissuin - A fragrant flower of Tol Eressea. Read UT 1 8 9.
Serni, and the Gilrain. The great port ofPelargir and part of the
territory of the Lord of Linhir are in Lebennin. Read LotRl 386; Little Gelion - One of the two tributary branches of the river
Gelion in the north, rising in the Hill of Himring. Read Si1 1 23.
LotRlll 23; UT 242, 3 1 6.
Loa - The Elvish solar year. Read UT 327.
Lebinnevet - (S. " Lcbennin's End;" also "Lebennevet"). The
point ofland protruding southwestward into the Bay ofBelfalas, LOmelindi - (Q.). Quenya word meaning " dusk-singers," i.e.
between the mouths ofthe rivers Gilrain and Anduin. Lebinnevet nightingales. Read Si1 55.
is also the name for the district that encompasses southern LondDaer-(S. "Great Haven"). Founded as Vinyalonde (Q.
Lebennin. "New Haven") by Tar-Aldarion of Numenor in S.A. 777,
Lond Daer was a great haven for the seafarers of Westernesse.
Lemui -(So "Fifth"). The westernmost major river in Gondor. 103
The Lefnui flows southward from the western end of Ered Read UT 1 76, 1 80-1, 1 8 8, 200, 206, 2 1 4, 239, 253, 261-3, 265.
Nimrais and enters the Bay ofBelfalas at Lond Feren (Aiqalonde). Its location, at the mouth of the Gwathl6, between the ports of
Starting at Gondor's eastern boundary and numbering west­ Lindon and the harbor at Edhellond (near Dol Amroth) gave
ward, it is the "fifth" (after Erui, Sirith, Serni, and Morthond) birth to its other name: Lond Daer Enedh (S. "Great Middle
of the Gondorian rivers feeding the Nen Belfalas. Read UT 263, Haven").Read UT 264-5.
383-4. Londaroth - The ruined Northman town standing below the
Legolas - Sindarin Elf of Northern Mirkwood, son of Long Lake by Linda!.
Thranduil; one of the Fellowship of the Ring. Read LotR passim; Long Lake - (S. "Annen"). A long, deep lake located on the
UT 1 7 1, 246, 248, 256, 258, 3 15- 1 6. 365-6. 395. River Running, the Long Lake is situated just to the east of
Legolin - The third of the tributaries of Gelion in Ossiriand. Mirkwood and south of the Lonely Mountain. The Taurduin,
Read Si1 123. or "Forest River," meets the River Running at the Long Lake.
Lake-town rises out of the Iakewaters near this confluence. Read
Lembas - (S.). Sindarin name of the waybread of the Eldar
(from earlier lennmbass ("journey-bread"); in Quenya (oimas LotRl 55; UT 258.
("life-bread")). Read LotRI 4 78, 502; LotRll35; LotRlll 233; Sil Long Marshes - (S. "Aelinann"). The wetlands surrounding
202, 204, 207-8; UT 1 48, 1 52, 2 76. As Waybread (of the the lower portion of the Forest River (5. "Taurduin"), east of
Elves), read UT 33, 38, 1 52. Mirkwood and west of the Long Lake.
Lenwe - (Q.). The leader of the Elves from the host of the Long Winter - The winter of T.A. 2758-9. Read UT 33 1,
Teleri who refused to cross the Misty Mountains on the 3 73.
westward journey from Cuivienen (the Nandor); father of L6rellin - The lake in L6rien in Valinor where the Vala Este
Denethor. Read Sil 54, 94. sleeps by day. Read Sil 28.
Leod - Lord of the Eotheod, father of Eorl the Young. Read Lorgan - Chief of the Easterling Men in Hithlum after the
UT 297, 301, 303, 3 I l, 3 13- 1 4. Nirnaeth Arnoediad, by whom Tuor was enslaved. Read Sil 23 8;
Lhun - River in Eriador flowing into the sea in the Gulf of UT 1 9.
LhCm. Read LotRlll 383; Si1 285-6, 290; UT 239. For Gulf of L6rien [ I J - (Q.). The name of the gardens and dwelling­
LhCm, read LotRll 259; UT 2 13. Frequently in an adapted place of the Vala Irmo, who was himself usually called L6rien.
spelling Lune. ReadSil 25, 28, 30, 55, 63-4, 93, 99- 1 00, 234; UT253, 397. See
Limlight - River flowing from Fangorn Forest to Anduin and Irmo.
forming the extreme north-bound ofRohan. (For the perplexed LOrien [2J - (Q.). The land ruled by Celeborn and Galadriel
origin of the name and its other forms: Limlaith, Limlich, between the rivers Celebrant and Anduin. Probably the original
Limliht, Limlint, read UT 3 1 8. ) Read LotRl 493; UT 260, 28 1, name of this land was altered to the form of the Quenya name
295, 299-300, 305, 3 13- 1 4, 3 1 6, 3 1 8, 343, 345. L6rien of the gardens of the Vala Irmo in Valinor. Read LotRl
Linaewen - ("Lake ofbirds"). The great mete in Nevrast. Read 300, 438; LotRll 2 1; LotRlll 9 7; Si1 298; UT 228-9, 234, 240-
Sil I l 9; UT 25, 40 1. 1, 243-6, 248, 252-3, 256-60, 267, 272, 2 76, 280-2, 299, 3 1 6,
Lindal-(S. "Mere's End"). The waterfalls at the southern end
322, 330, 339, 343, 345, 353, 390. Also known at various times
as Lothl6rien (S. "Dreamflower" or " L6rien of the Blossom"),
of the Long Lake. Lindal marks the exit of the lakewaters, as
they spill over a eighty-foot cataract an.d resume their course as
read LotRI 434; LotRII 42; LotRlll 309; Si1 298; UT 56, 1 69,
the River Running (S. "Celduin").
1 71, 2 1 6, 23 1, 235, 240, 245, 252-3, 265, Laurenande,
Laurelindorenan (S. "Land of the Valley of Singing Gold"),
Lindon - (S. "Place of Music;" lit. "Lofty Song"). Lindon is
read LotRll 88, 348; LotRlll 3 1 8, Nandorin L6rinand (read UT
a coastal realm which encompasses all the lands west of the Blue
236-8, 240, 252-3, 257), Sindarin Glornan/Nan Laur, (read
Mountains. It is all that remains of the ancient reaches of UT253), derived from older Lind6rinand (S. "Vale of the Land
Beleriand. An Elven Kingdom, Lindon is divided by the Gulf of
of the Singers"), the Golden Wood, (read LotRl 439, LotRll 42;
Lhun into two parts: Forlindon and Harlindon. The Grey
LotRlll 3 1 2, 327), and Dwimordene (R. "Haunted Valley,"
Havens, ruled by Cirdan the Shipwright, lie on the gulf and "Phantom-vale"). The Golden Wood was formally established
serve as the customary center of the realm. Read Sil 1 23, 285,
by Galadriel in T.A. 1 375, although a number of Nandor Elves
287, 289-90, 298; UT 56, 1 68, 1 75, 1 99, 2 1 2- 1 3, 2 1 6, 2 1 9, preceded her there.
228, 233, 236-9, 243-4, 247, 252, 264-5, 390, 398, 4 1 4. As the
Losgar - The place of the burning of the ships of the Teleri
green land of the Eldar, read UT I 74; as the land of Gil-galad,
by Feanor, at the mouth of the Firth of Drengist. Read Sil 90, 9 7,
read UT 1 85.
1 06, 1 09, 1 1 9, 1 2 7, 1 29.
 Lossarnach - (S. "Flowery Arnach"). The region near the Mahtan - A great smith ofthe N oidor, father ofNerdanei the
headwaters of the river Erui. Lossarnach is tucked between the wife of Feanor. Read Si1 64, 69.
Ered Nimrais (to the north) and the provinces of An6rien (to Maiar - (Q. sing. "Maia")' The lesser Ainur who entered Eli
the north and east) and Lebennin (to the south). Read LotRlll as servants of the Valar. They are also known as the People of
22; UT 286. the Valar, the Servants of Valinor, and the Servants of the
LOtesse - (Q.). Quenya name of the fifth month according to Guardians. The ignorant (notably among Men) call them
the Numen6rean calendar, corresponding to May. Lothron is "Lesser Gods." ReadSi1 2 1, 29-32, 36, 55} 58, 75} 82, 92, 95, 97,
the Sindarin name. Read UT 65, 302. 99, 1 8 8, 234, 236, 26 1, 285; UT 2 1 4, 254, 3 93-4} 401.
�thiriel - Daughter ofImrahil of Dol Amroth; wife of King Maier - (Q. sing. "Maie"). The female Maiar.
Eomer of Rohan and mother of Elfwine the Fair. Read UT 286. Malach - Son of Marach; given the Sindarin name Aradan.
Lothiann - (S. "The wide and empty"). The great plain north Read Sil 1 43, 1 4 7.
of the March of Maedhros. Read Sil 1 23, 153, 208. Malantur - Numen6rean, descendant of Tar-Elendil. Read
LuiniI - Name of a star (one shining with a blue light). Read UT 208.
Si1 48. Malduin - (S. "Yellow River"). A tributary of the Teiglin.
Lumbar - Name of a star. Read Sil 48. Read Sil 205; UT 38, 54.
Lune - Alternate spelling of Lhun. Read LotR1ll 383; UT 228, Mallorn - (S.). Name of the great trees with golden flowers
1 04 233, 252, 398. brought from T01 Eressea to Eldalonde in NUrnenor, and
Luthien - The daughter of King Thingol and Melian the afterwards grown in Lothl6rien. Read LotR! 443; LotRII 1 l 7;
Maia, who after the fulfillment of the Quest of the Silmaril and LotRlll 3 75; UT 56} l ?I, 253. Quenya malinorne, plural
the death of Beren chose to become mortal and share his fate. malinorni, read UT 1 6 7-8.
Read LotR! 258-60; LotRII 422; LotRlll 1 8 6, 3 1 2; Si1 9 1, 95, Mallos - A golden flower of Lebennin. Read UT 3 1 6.
1 23, 1 48, 1 62, 1 65-8, l 72-89, 1 98, 234-6, 246, 249} 254} 261; Mandos - (Q.). The place ofthe dwelling in Aman ofthe Vala
UT 57-8, 79, 84, 157. Beren gave Luthien the name Tinuviel properly called Namo, the Judge, though this name was seldom
("Daughter of Twilight"), a poetic word for nightingale, read used, and he himself was usually referred to as Mandos. Named
UT 5 7. as Vala: readSi1 25, 28-9, 48, 52, 65} 6 7, 70-2, 78-9, 8 7, 98, l O2,
M l O4, I l l, 129} 1 86-7, 249, 255. Named as the place of his
dwelling (including Halls of Mandos; also Halls of Awaiting,
Mablad - A Dwarven tribe who settled in the Yellow Moun­
Houses of the Dead): read Si1 28, 42, 44, 52, 59, 64-5, 6 7} 88,
tains of southern Endor. These Naugrim make their capital at
Blackflame.
l O4, l O7, 1 86-7, 234; UT 30, 82, 156, 393} 397. With
reference to the Doorn ofthe N oldor ( or the Doorn ofMandos)
Mablung - ("of the Heavy Hand"). Elf of Doriath, chief
and the Curse of Mandos: read Sil 1 25-6, 129, 139, 1 4 1, 1 6 7,
captain of ThingoI, friend ofTurin; slain in Menegroth by the
1 70, 1 76, 240; UT 29-30, 230. For Second Prophecy of
Dwarves. ReadSil 1 13, 1 84-6, 1 8 9, 200, 2 1 7- 1 9, 225, 230, 234;
Mandos, read UT 402. See Feanturi, Namo.
UT 80-2, 84, 94, 1 1 4-2 1, 1 43-5, 1 49. Also called the Hunter,
Mim read UT 80.
Maedhros - (Q.). The eldest son of Feanor, called the Tall;
rescued by Fingon from Thangorodrim; held the Hill of
Himring and the lands about; formed the Union of Maedhros
that ended in the Nirnaeth Arnoediad; bore one ofthe Silmarils
with him to his death at the end of the First Age. Read Si1 60, 83,
90, l O8- 13, l l 5- 1 6, l l 9, 1 2 1-4, 133, 1 40, 1 45, 152-3, 157}
l 76, 18 8-93, 1 95, 23 7} 246-7, 250, 252-4; UT 58, 75, 1 4 7.
Maeglin - (S. "Sharp Glance"). Son of Eol and Aredhel
Turgon's sister, born in Nan Elmoth; became mighty in
Gondolin, and betrayed it to Morgoth; slain in the sack of the
city by Tuor. L6mion (Q. "Son of Twilight") is Aredhel gave
to Maeglin. Read Si1 92, 1 33-9, 159, 1 94, 202} 240-2; UT 49,
54, 56.
Maggot, Farmer - Hobbit ofthe Shire, farming in the Marish
near the Bucklebury Ferry. Read UT 352.
Maglor - (Q.). The second son of Feanor; a great singer and
minstrel; held the lands called Maglor's Gap; at the end of the
First Age seized with Maedhros the two Silmarils that remained
in Middle-earth, and cast the one that he took into the Sea. Read
Si1 60, 83, 8 7, 1 I 3, 1 I5, 1 I 7, 124, 1 40, 153, 157, 1 83, 1 93, 247,
250, 252-4.
MagIor's Gap - The region between the northern arms of
Gelion where there were no hills of defense against the North.
Read Sil 1 1 5, 124, 1 53.
Magor - Son of Malach Aradan; leader of the Men of the
fo llowing of Marach who entered West Beleriand.
Read Sil 1 43, 1 4 7.
Mahanaxar - The Ring ofDoorn outside the gates ofValmar,
in which were set the thrones of the Valar. The Ring is where
the Powers sat in council. Read Si1 38, 50, 52, 70, 78-9, 82, 85, 98.
Manwe - (Q.). The chief of the Valar, called also Sulimo Mering Stream - ("Boundary Stream"). It flows down from
(rendered in the Valaquenta as "Lord of the Breath of Arda;" Ered Nimrais to join the Entwash, and forms the boundary
literally " the Breather"), the Elder King, the Ruler of Arda. Read between Rohan and Gondor; in Sindarin called Glanhir. Read
Sil passim, read esp. 2 1, 26, 39-40, 65-6, 85, 1 1 0; UT 55, 6 7, 156, UT 300-2, 305-6, 3 1 8.
1 69, 200, 222, 232, 393, 395-6. Called the Elder King, read UT Methed-en-Glad - (S. "End of the Wood"). A stronghold in
67, 396. See Witnesses of Manwe. Dor Cuarthol at the edge ofthe forest south ofTeiglin. Read UT
Marach - Leader ofthe third host of Men to enter Beleriand, 1 53.
ancestor of Hador L6rindol. Read Sil 1 42-4, 1 50. Metraith - (S. "Streetsend"). Often considered the capital,
March of Maedhros - The open lands to the north of the Metraith is a strategically located town in central Cardolan. It
headwaters of the river Gelion, held by Maedhros and his stands at the crossroads ofthe Greenway and the Redway, by the
brothers against attack on East Beleriand; also called the eastern royal hold at Thalion. Thus, Metraith is also known as Thalion.
March. Read Sil 1 I2- 13, 1 23. Middle-earth - ("End6re;" "Endor;" "the Middle Land").
Mardil - Called the Faithful; the first ruling Steward of One of the continental land masses found in the world. It was
Gondor. Read Si1 297; UT 309, 3 1 7, 3 1 9-20. Called Voronwe not the entirety of the world, although the action and events
"the Steadfast," (read UT 3 1 7), and the Good Steward, (read UT found in The Hobbit and The Lord oj tbe Rings focus on the Third
320). Age of Middle-earth and the very beginning of the Fourth Age
Marhari - Leader ofthe Northmen in the Battle ofthe Plains, (read LotRl 2 1; LotRII 13 1; LotRIII 23). Also called the Hither l OS
where he was slain; father of Marhwini. Read UT 289, 3 1 1. Lands (read Sil 55, 5 7-8, 89, 239, 246, 25 1, 254, 262, 299), the
Outer Lands (read Sil 3 9, 4 1, 4 7, 90, 1 00, 249), the Dark Lands,
�hwini - ("Horse-friend"). Leader of the Northmen
(Eotheod) who settled in the Vales of Anduin after the Battle
(read UT 1 78), and the Great Lands, (read LotRII 362; Si1 263;
of the Plains, and ally of Gondor against the Wainriders. Read
UT 1 74).
UT 289- 91, 3 1 I. Mim - The Petty-dwarf, in whose house (Bar-en-Danwedh)
on Arnon Rudh Turin dwelt with the outlaw band, and by
Mark, The - Name among Rohirrim for their own country.
whom their lair was betrayed to the Orcs; slain by Hurin in
Read UT306, 3 1 1, 3 1 4- 1 5, 364-5, 3 7 1. Also called Riddermark,
Nargothrond. Read Si1 202-6, 230; UT 96- 1 04, 1 4 7-8, 1 5 1 -2,
(read LotRI 344, 493; LotRll 42, 1 4 1; LotRIll 77; UT 367, 3 7 1),
Mark of the Riders, (read UT 306); and for Marshals of the
1 54.
Mark, read UT 364, 366-9. See also East-mark, West-mark, and Minardil - Twenty-fifth King of Gondor. Read UT 309.
Rohan. Minas Ithil - (S. "Tower of the Moon"). Afterwards called
Mearas - The horses of Rohan. Read UT 3 1 1, 3 1 4. Minas Morgul; the city of Isildur, built on a shoulder of the
Ephel Duath. Read LotRI 32 1; LotRII 259; LotRIll 1 96, 305;Sil
Melian - A Maia, who left Valinor and carne to Middle-earth;
afterwards the Queen ofKing Thingol in Doriath, about which
291-3, 296-7; UT 280, 3 1 0, 3 1 4, 403, 406, 4 1 2. See also Ithil-
stone.
she set a girdle of enchantment, the Girdle of Melian; mother
of Luthien, and fore-mother of Elrond and Elros. Read Si1 30- Minas Morgul-(S. "Tower ofSorcery"). The name ofMinas
1, 55-6, 58, 9 1-3, 95, 9 7, 1 04, I l l, 1 I5, 1 2 1-2, 126-9, 132, Ithil after its capture by the Ringwraiths. Read LotRl3 2 1, LotRII
144, 1 46-7, 1 5 1, CLXlX passim, 1 88-9, CLXXI and XXII 259, 396; LotRIII 4 1; Sil 297, 303; UT 295, 3 1 9-20, 338, 352.
passim, 254, 26 1; UT 73-6, 78-9, 83, 85, 1 09, 1 13, 1 15, 1 2 1, See also Witch-king.
1 48, 152-3, 158, 234. For Girdle ofMelian, read UT 4 1, 63, 78, Minas Tirith [IJ - (S. "Tower of Watch). Built by Finrod
1 09, 1 I 3- 1 4. Felagund on T01 Sirion; see Tol-in-Gaurhoth. Read Sil 1 20,
Menegroth - (S. "The Thousand Caves"). The hidden halls 155- 7, 205; UT 54. For "Minas of King Finrod," read UT 38.
of ThingoI and Melian on the River Esgalduin in Doriath. Read Minas Tirith [2J - (S.). Later name of Minas Anor (S.
Sil 56, 93-4, 96- 7, 1 08, I l l, 1 1 4, 122, 129, 1 66, 1 68, 1 72, 1 79, "Tower of the Sun"), the city of Anarion, at the feet of Mount
1 83-6, 1 88, 1 99-202, 205, 2 1 7, 2 1 9, 23 1-6; UT 74, 76-9, 8 1- Mindolluin. Read Sil 297. Called the City of Gondor, read Sil
5, 94, 1 44, 1 48, 23 1, 259. 304, and the Guarded City, read LotRIII 24. Read LotRl 321;
Mene! - ("Heaven"). Literally the Region of the Stars, it LotRII 1 8;LotRIII 20; UT255, 293-4, 296-7, 301-2, 3 1 4, 3 1 6,
includes all ofthe heavens and lies above Arda. Read UT67, 184. 3 1 9, 32 1, 327-9, 353, 364, 369-73, 382, 402-4, 406, 4 1 2- 1 3.
For Minas Anor, read Sil 291-2, 294- 7, 304; UT 3 1 4, 4 1 5, for
Mene!dil - (S.). Son of Anarion, third King ofGondor. Read
the Hallows of Minas Tirith, read UT 3 1 0, 3 1 3; for the White
LotR! 32 1, 33 1; SiI 295-6; UT 2 7 1, 2 79, 304, 308, 3 1 9.
Tower of Minas Tirith, read UT 406; Also called
Menelmacar - (S. "Swordsman of the Sky"). The constella­ Mundburg.("Guardian Fortress") in Rohan, read LotRII 1 43;
tion Orion. Read Sil 48. LotRIII 93; UT 297, 304. See also Anor-stone.
Meneltarma - (S. "Pillar of Heaven"). The mountain in the Mindeb - A tributary of Sirion, between Dimbar and the
midst ofNumenor, upon whose summit was the Hallow ofEru Forest of Neldoreth. Read Sil 1 2 1, 20 1.
Iluvatar. Read Si1 26 1-2, 266, 269- 70, 2 72, 277, 2 79, 28 1; UT
3 1 (unnamed, in Tuor's dream), 1 65-6, 1 68-9, 1 75, 1 83-4, Mindolluin - (S. "Towering Blue-head"). The great moun­
1 88, 1 92, 2 1 5, 223. Translated Pillar of the Heavens, (read UT tain behind Minas Tirith. Read LotRII 262, 3 71; LotRIII 24; Sil
1 66), and the Pillar, (read UT 1 88). Called also the Holy 29 1, 304.
Mountain, (read UT 1 66), and the Hallowed Mountain of the Mindon Eldalieva - (Q. "Lofty Tower of the Eldalie"). The
Numen6reans, (read UT 1 83). tower ofIngwe in the city ofTirion; also simply the Mindon.
Men-i-Naugrirn - (S. "Way ofthe DwarVes"). A name of the Read Sil 59, 70, 82, 85, 88.
Old Forest Road. Read UT 280- 1. Translated Dwarf Road, read Minhiriath - (S. "Between the Rivers"). The region of
UT 280- 1. Eriador located between the rivers Gwathl6 and Baranduin,
Mereth Aderthad - (S. "The Feast o f Reuniting"). Held by Minhiriath forms the southwestern half of Cardolan. Read UT
Fingolfin near the Pools of Ivrin. Read Sil 1 13.
26 1-2, 264-5, 341.
Meriadoc Brandybuck - Hobbit of the Shire, one of the Minohtar - Nephew o f King Ondoher; slain in Ithilien in
T.A. 1 944 in battle with the Wainriders. Read UT 292-4.
Fellowship ofthe Ring. ReadLotRpassim; UT 32 1, 336, 365, 368,
383, 386-7.
 Min-Rimmon - ("Peak of the Rimmon"). The Rimmon was Mordor - (S. "Black-land." " Land of Shadow"). The high
a group of crags. Min-Rimmon was the fifth of the beacons of land east of the Anduin which is guarded on the north by the
Gondor in Ered Nimrais. Read �tRlll 20; UT 30 I, 3 I 4. Ered Lithui (S. "Ash Mountains") and on the west and south
Miriel [ I J - (Q.). The first wife ofFinwe, mother of Feanor; by the Ephel Duath (S. "Shadow Fence"). These two mountain
died after Feanor' s birth. Called Serinde (Q. "the Broideress"). ranges converge around the vale of Udiln. First settled by
Read Sil 60, 63-4, 69. Sauron around S.A. 1000. Mordor has always been associated
Miriel [2J - Daughter of Tar-Palantir. forced into marriage
with the Dark Lord. Between S.A. 344 I and T.A. 1 636.
by Ar-Pharazon. and as his queen named in Adunaic Ar­ Gondor's armies guarded the land, but the watch was removed
Zimraphel; also called in Quenya Tar-Miriel. Read Si1 269, 279; following the Great Plague. Read �tR passim. Read Si1 267, 280,
UT 1 90, 224, 22 7. 288, 290-7, 302-3; UT236, 239, 243-4, 255, 258-9, 280, 282-
Mirkwood - The great stretch of forest called by the Elves . 337, 341-2" 346 367" 383 398" 406
3, 291, 296, 322, 330,
40�
Taur-e-Ndaedlos (S. "Forest of Great Fear"). Like the "Old
Forest" and "Fangorn." it is a remnant of the great forest which M6renore - (Q. "Dark Land;" aka "M6ryarmene,"
once covered most of northwestern Endor. Located east of the "Hyarmenore")' M6renore is the Quenya Elvish label for the
Misty Mountains. it was earlier called Greenwood the Great. small continent south of Middle-earth. the remote land sepa­
After the War of the Ring. its name was changed to Eryn rated from Endor by the Haragaer.
1 06 Lasgalen (S. "Wood ofGreenleaves"). Read�tRI 22, 72; �tRII Morgai - ("Black Fence"). The inner ridge much lower than
42; �tRlli 43; UT243-4, 246, 256-7, 260, 281, 288-90, 295- the Ephel Duath and separated from it by a deep trough; the
8, 303, 307, 3 l O- I 3, 337, 343. inner ring of the Fences ofMordor. Read �tRlll 2 1 4; UT 282.
Miruvor - The cordial of the Eldar. Read UT 276, 284. Morgoth - (S. "Black Enemy"). The renegade Vala (see
!:'1isty Mountains �.�S. "Hithaeglir.'· "Line of Misty Peaks." "Valar" below) who coveted lordship over the world. and
Mountains of Mist ). Snow- and mist-capped mountains possibly all existence. Morgoth was the embodiment and focus
which run southward for 900 miles from the upper Anduin ofdarkness--evil incarnate. He established lordship over north­
ern Middle-earth dunng the First Age. Before he turned to evil,
Vales to the Isen Gap (Gap of Rohan). The daunting Misty
Mountains form the western boundary of both the Anduin his name was the Quenya Melkor. "He who arises in Might."
Valley (S. "Nan Anduin") and (according to some) Rhovanion. In Sindarin. Belegilr. which was used only in altered form.
In many of the following references the mountains are not Belegurth ("Great Death"). ReadSil 1 6 1 8 3 1-2 50 65-6 79
named. Read Si1 54, 9 I, 94, 290, 293, 295; UT 200, 228, 235- 8 1-2, l O l, 205, 260; UT l 7- 1 9, 26, 2 9, 3 4, 36- i, 4 0- 1, 43, 52.
6, 243-4, 256, 258, 26 1-2, 272-3, 280-2, 295, 299, 306- 7, 3 I3, 55, Part I II passim, 1 99, 20 1, 2 1 4, 228, 230, 232, 235-6, 247,
339, 342, 346, 353, 3 70. 25 1, 253, 288, 3 78, 383, 385, 398. Called the Black King (read
UT 60). the Dark Lord (read UT 79). Bauglir (read UT 66). the
Mitheithel - (S. "Pale-grey Spring." "Grey Spring;" W. Enemy (read UT28-9, 3 7-8, 4 1, 43, 54, 59, 63, 78, 95, 153, 1 60,
"Hoarwell"). The relatively narrow. swift-moving stream that 398). and by the Druedain "the Great Dark One." (read UT
rises in the Misty Mountains near the junction between the 383).
Ettenmoors and the Coldfells of Eriador. Cutting through
Rhudaur. the Mitheithel slows and widens after its confluence Moria - (S. "The Black Chasm." "Hadhodrond;" W.
with the Bruinen (Loudwater). It joins the Glanduin in the "Dwarrowdelf," "Delving of the Dwarves;" Kh. "Khazad­
dum." "Dwarf-mansion"). In the Khuzdul Khazad-dum. the
marshes ofSwanfleet. giving birth to the Gwathl6. a wide. slow­
suffix dum is probably a plural or collective. meaning "excava­
moving river that cuts through southeastern Eriador. The
Mitheithel forms part of the northeastern border of Cardolan. tions. halls. mansions." Moria stands as a citadel. mansion. and
city-hold of Durin's Folk. the noblest ofthe Seven Tribes ofthe
Read �tRI 268, 280; UT 26 I, 263-4. Translated Hoarwell. read
Dwarves. Founded in the early First Age in caves beneath the
IctRI22; UT26 I, called Greyflood. readIctRI268;IctRlll 3 37
Misty Mountains. it overlooks and incorporates the holy vale
Mithlond - (S. "The Grey Havens"). The harbors of the called Azanulbizar. Khazad-dum has since been expanded to
Elves on the Gulf of Lhun. ruled by Cirdan; also referred to as
Include seven principle levels which stretch the width of the
the Havens. Read �tRIL 258; �tRlll 383; Si1 286, 289, 298-9, mountain range and extend under the three mountains Fanuidhol.
304; UT l 7 I, l 74-5, 1 88, 1 99, 205, 232. Translated "the Grey Caradhras. and Celebdil. Early in the Second Age. the Dwarves
Havens." readIctRI26, 79, 3 15; IctRlli 1 85; UT239, 247, 252, discovered mithril here. and many from the Blue Mountains
278, 389, 392, 400. migrated to Durin's home. Khazad-dum was abandoned in
Mithrellas - Elf ofL6rien. companion to Nimrodel; taken to T.A. 1982. two years after the release of the Balrog. As a realm.
wife by Imrazor the Numen6rean; mother ofGalador first Lord it includes the Azanulbizar and all the passages and chambers
of Dol Amroth. Read UT 248, 3 1 6. within the mountains. Read �tRI 3 1 6' 3 70' 386 395 4 1 1 ·
Mithril - The metal known as "Moria-silver" or "True­ IctRII 2 1, 46. 134, 1 94; �tRlll 34; Sii 44, 9 1, 28 6, 28 8, 294;
silver." found also in Numenor. Read UT 22 1, 22 7, 284. UT 235-8, 240-1, 243-5, 248, 252, 254, 258, 261, 2 72, 2 76,
Mithrim - (S.). The name of the great lake in the east of 28 1, 284, 32 1, 324, 32 7, 343, 345, 353, 401. East-gate of
Hithlum. and also of the region about it and of the mountains Moria. read IctRI 387, 4 l O; UT 321, 327; West-gate. read UT
to the west. separating Mithrim from Dor-16min. The name 235, 345, 353.
was originally that of the Sindarin Elves who dwelt there. Read Morthond - (S. "Black-root"). River in central Gondor
Sil lO6- l O, 1 1 2, 1 1 9, 1 98, 238; UT l 7, 20- 1, 25, 56, 68. which forms the border between the regions of Lamedon and
MittaImar - The central region of Numenor, translated Anfalas. and Anfalas and Dor-en-Ernil. The Morthond rises in
Inlands. Read UT 1 65-6, 1 68, 2 1 7. the White Mountains. by the Paths of the Dead. in a vale called
Morannon - (S.). The main (northwestern) entry to Mordor. Mornan; thus its name. Flowing south past Erech. it winds west
Read �tRIL 309; IctRlli 1 98; UT 292-5, 3 1 2. Translated the of Tarlang and down to the Bay of Belfalas. Its mouth is just
north of Dol Amroth. The Elf-havens and port of Edhellond
Black Gate. read IctRI 332· IctRIL 297 309 3 1 7- IctRlli l O9
1 1 2, 200; UT 369; callei also the G:tes of M;rdor. read vi lie in the Morthond delta. Read �tRlli 49, 73; UT 247, 255.
280, 292. For Watchtowers (Towers of the Teeth) of the
Morannon. read IctRIL 308, 324; IctRlli 200; UT 293, 3 1 2.
 N
Nahar - (Q.). The horse of the Vala Orome, said
by the Eldar to be so named on account of his voice.
Read Sil 29, 4 1, 49-50, 53, 76, 95.
Naith of LOrien - (S. "Triangle;" W. "Gore" of
L6rien). The central part of L6rien: the land be­
tween the angle of the Celebrant and the Anduin.
Read IctR1 450, 454, 482; UT 26 1, 282.
Namo - (Q.). A Vala, one of the Aratar; usually
named Mandos, the place of his dwelling. Namo
means "Ordainer, Judge." Nurufantur is the earlier
"true" name of Namo (Mandos). Read sa 28. See
Feanturi.
Nandor - (Q.). Said to mean "Those who turn
back": the Nandor were those Elves from the host
ofthe Teleri who refused to cross the Misty Moun­
tains on the westward journey from Cuivienen, but 107
of whom a part, led by Denethor, came long after­
wards over the Blue Mountains and dwelt in
Ossiriand (the Green-elves); for those who re­
mained east of the Misty Mountains, see Silvan
Elves. Read Si1 54, 94, 1 22, 1 99; UT 77, 1 75, 2 1 4,
256. Adjective Nandorin, read UT 228, 234, 236,
240, 252-3, 257.
Nan Dungortheb - (S. "Valley of Dreadful
Death"). Also Dungortheb. The valley between the
precipices of Ered Gorgoroth and the Girdle of
Melian. Read Sil 8 1, 1 2 1, 132, 1 64, l 76.
Nan Elmoth - (S.). The forest in Beleriand situ­
ated east of the river Celon, where Elwe (Thingol)
was enchanted by Melian and lost;. It was afterwards
the dwelling-place of Ebl. Read Sil 55, 58, 92, 132- Nabar
6, 1 42, 202, 234.
Nan-tathren - (S. "Willow-vale," "the Land of
Morwen [IJ - (S. "Dark Maiden"). Daughter of Baragund Willows"). The valley where the river Narog flowed into
(nephew of Barahir, the father of Beren); wife of Hurin and Sirion. In Treebeard's song (in IctRIl 90), Quenya forms of the
mother ofTurin and Nienor; called Eledhwen (translated in the name are used: Tasarinan, Nan-tasarion. Read Sil 120, 1 95, 243-
text as "Elfsheen") and the Lady of Dor-16min. Read Sil 1 48, 4; UT 32, 34-5.
155, 1 60, 1 9 7-9, 2 l O- I l, 2 1 4- 15, 2 l 7- 1 9, 225, 227, 229, 23 1; Nardol - (S. "Fiery head"). The third of the beacons of
UT5 7, 59, 6 1-6, 68- 7 1, 73-81, l O4-9, I l2- 1 8, 1 2 1, l38, 144, Gondor in the Ered Nimrais. Read UT 3 1 4, 3 1 9.
1 46-7, 155, 1 6 1, 1 89, 2 15- 1 6. For Eledhwen, read UT 5 7, 62, Nargothrond - "The great underground fortress on the river
68, 1 6 1, 189. N arog, founded by Finrod Felagund and destroyed by Glaurung.
Morwen [2] - A Dunadan lady of Lossarnach in Gondor, It was also the name for the realm of Nargothrond, which
Morwen was a relative of Prince Imrahil of Dol Amroth. She extended east and west ofthe Narog. Called Nulukkizdln by the
marriedKing Thengel ofRohan and bore five children. Theoden Dwarves. Read IctR1 4 1 2, 462; Sil 1 1 4- 1 5, 120-2, 126, l30,
and Theodwyr. were among her offspring. The Rohirrim called 1 40, 142, 1 4 7, 151-2, 156-7, 1 60, 168-7 1, l 73, l 76, 1 84, 1 88,
her "Steelsheen." Read IctRlll 436-3 7; UT 286. 1 90-2, 1 95, Ch. XXlpassim, 230- 1, 233, 238, 240, 286; UT25,
Mountains - Refers to Mountains of Aman or Mountains of 34, 38, 40-2, 51 -2, 54, 87, 92, l OO, l O8-9, I l I - 1 4, I l 6- l 7,
Defense. See Pel6ri; ofDor-Lomin, see Dor-16min; ofthe East, 1 1 9-20, 1 24-9, l35, 144, 1 46, 1 48-50, 153-5, 158-62, 189,
see Orocarni; ofIron, see Ered Engrin; of Mist, see Hithaeglir; 228, 235, 255. See Narog.
of Mirkwood, read UT 28 1, Emyn-nu-Fuin; of Mithrim, see Narii! - Quenya name for the sixth month, according to the
Mithrim; of Shadow, see Ered 'Nethrin and Ephel DUath; of Numen6rean calendar, corresponding to June. N6rui is the
Terror, see Ered Gorgoroth; of Turgon, see Echoriath. Sindarin name.
Mountains ofthe Wind - (S. "Ered Gwaen;" Q. "Orosuli"). Narmacil I - Seventeenth King of Gondor. Read UT 292.
Mountain range in southeastern Middle-earrh. In the early days Narmacil II - Twenty-ninth King of Gondor, slain in the
of Arda, before the changes, these peaks comprised the middle Battle of the Plains. Read UT 289, 291, 3 1 1 - 1 2.
range of the three mountain chains in the East. Narn i Hin Hurin - (,The Tale of the Children ofHurin")'
Mount Gundabad - The greatest massif in the northeastern The long lay from which the story of Turin Turambar as told
Misty Mountains, Mount Gundabad commands the narrow in TIe Silmarillion was derived; ascribed to the poet Dirhavel, a
gap between the Misty and Grey Mountain ranges. Thus, it is Man who lived at the Havens of Sirion in the days of Earendil
the most strategic height overlooking the northern Anduin and perished in the attack of the sons of Feanor. "Narn"
Vales. A huge Orc-hold is situated beneath the mountain, an signifies a tale made in verse, but to be spoken and not sung. Read
Orc-kingdom that pays tribute to the Witch-king of Angmar. Sil 1 98.
Orcs issued forth from this stronghold to assail Erebor in the
Battle of Five Armies. Azog and, later, his son Bolg are the two
most famous Lords of Gundabad.
 Narog - The chief river o f West Beleriand, rising at Ivrin Nellas -Elfof Doriath, friend ofTurin in his boyhood; bore
under Ered Wethrin and flowing into Sirion in Nan-tathren. witness against Saeros in the trial ofTurin before Thingol. Read
Read Sil 96, 1 13- 1 4, 1 20, 1 22, 1 68-70, 203, 209, 2 1 1-15, 2 l 7- UT 76, 83-4, 95-6.
1 8, 230; UT 35, 52-3, 1 1 6-20, 1 2 7, 1 49, 1 6 1. For Sources of Nenar - (Q.). Name of a Star. Read Sil 48.
Narog, read UT37, 78; for Vale ofNarog, read UT99, l O4, 1 48;
Nen Girith - (S. "Shuddering Water"). Name given to
for People ofNarog, read UT 1 1 6; for Lord ofNarog, read UT
Dimrost (S. "the Rainy Stair"), the falls of Celebros in the
153. Forest of Brethil. Read Si1 220-2, 224; UT 1 23, 1 2 7, 129, 132,
Narquelie - (Q. "Sun-fading")' Quenya name of the tenth l 35-6, 139, 1 4 1, 1 43, 1 45, 1 49.
month according to the Numen6rean calendar, corresponding
Nenime - (Q.). Quenya name ofthe second month according
to October. Narbeleth is the Sindarin name. Read UT 3 7, 27l,
to the Numen6rean calendar, corresponding to February. Called
2 79. Ninui in Sindarin. Read UT 2 79.
Narrows of the Forest - The "waist" ofMirkwood caused by Nen Lalaith - (S.). Stream risingunder Amon Darthir in Ered
the indentation of the East Bight. Read UT 291, 3 12.
Wethrin and flowing past Hurin's house in Dor-16min. Read UT
Narsil - The sword of Elendil, made by Telchar ofNogrod, 58-9, 68. See Lalaith.
that was broken when Elendil died in combat with Sauron; from
Nenning - River in West Beleriand, reaching the sea at the
the shards it was reforged for Aragorn and named Anduril. Read
Haven of Eglarest. Read Sil 1 20, 1 96, 2 1 1; UT 53.
108 LotRI 3 1 9-20, LotRlli 1 50; SiI 294-5; UT 272, 275. For Anduril
read I.etRI 363; I.etRIl 43; I..ctrIll 1 94. Nenuial - (S. "Lake ofTwilight"). Located between the arms
of the Hills of Evendim (Emyn Uial) north of the Shire, in
Narsilion - The Song of the Sun and Moon. Read Sil 99. Eriador, where the river Baranduin rose, and beside which the
Narvi - (Kh.) Dwarf of Khazad-dum, maker of the West­ city of Annuminas was built. Read Si1 29 1; UT 234-5. Trans­
gate, close friend of Celebrimbor of Eregion. Read UT 235. lated Evendim, read I.etRI 320; I.etRIll 33 7; UT 2 1 4, 234.
Narvinye - Quenya name for the first month according to the Nenya - One of the Three Rings of the Elves, the Ring of
Numen6rean calendar, corresponding to January. Narwain is (
Water, borne by Galadriel; also called the White Ring, read UT
the Sindarin name. ) (
23 7, 339 and the Ring of Adamant, read I.etRI 4 72, 503;
Narya - One ofthe Three Rings ofthe Elves, the Ring ofFire I..ctRIll 38 1; Si1 288, 298; UT 23 7, 25 1, 254).
or the Red Ring; borne by Cirdan and afterwards by Mithrandir. Nerdanel - (Q.). Called the Wise; daughter of Mahtan the
Read I.etRIll 383; Sil 288, 298, 304; UT 23 7, 254, 389-90. smith, wife of Feanor. Read Sil 64, 66, 69.
Called the Ring of Fire, ( read UT23 7, 400), the Red Ring Read, Nessa - (Q.). One of the Valier, the sister of Orome and
( UT 23 7, 239, 254, 392), and the Third Ring, (read UT 389). spouse ofTuIkas. Read Sil 25, 29, 36.
Nauglamir - (S. "The Necklace of the Dwarves"). Made for Nessamelda -Fragrant evergreen tree with scarlet fruit brought
Finrod Felagund by the Dwarves, brought by Hurin out of to Numenor by the Eldar of Eressea. The name perhaps means
Nargothrond to Thingol. and the cause of his death. Read Sil "beloved of Nessa," one of the Valier; also called vardarianna
1 1 4, 23 1 -3, 235-6. and yavannamire ("Jewel of Yavanna"). Read UT 1 6 7.
Nazgtil - (B.S. "Ring Servants," "Ringwraiths"). Also called Nevrast - (S.). Th� region west ofDor-16min, beyond Ered
simply "The Nine," these were nine great lords ofMen enslaved Lomin, where Turgon dwelt before his departure to Gondolin.
by Sauron in the Second Age. Each had apparently coveted great The name, meaning "Hither Shore," was originally that of all
power and accepted one of the Nine Rings of Men wrought by the northwestern coast of Middle-earth (the opp osite being
Sauron. Since the rings were ruled by the One Ring and keyed Haerast "the Far Shore," the coast of Aman). Read Sil 1 1 4- 15,
to the Dark Lord, the Nazgtil became slaves. As time passed
1 1 9, i 25-6, l3 1, 1 96, 238, 244; UT 24-5, 30, 32-4, 46, 48-9,
they became immortal in a sense, undead, and no longer 5 1-3, 69, 1 48, 40 1 .
possessed bodies associated with the living. Essentially, they
became "shadows" of great power, and acted as Sauron s most Nienna - (Q.). One o f the Valier, numbered among the
Aratar; Lady of pity and mour�ing, the sister of Mandos and
trusted lieutenants. The Witch-king ofAngmar, also called the
lord ofMorguI. was their chief; he was the Lord of the Nazgtil L6rien. Read Si1 25, 28-9, 3 1, 38, 65, 79, 98; UT 393.
and possessed the greatest power of independent action. The Nienor - ("Mourning"). The daughter ofHurin and Morwen
Nazgtil were afraid ofwater, some fires, and the name "Elbereth." and sister of Turin; spell-bound by Glau:ung at Nargot rond �
They were virtually blind by usual standards, but possessed and in ignorance of her past wedded Tunn In Brethil In her
amazing senses of smell, etc. which helped offset this weakness name Niniel; cast herself into the Teiglin. Read Sil 1 99, 2 1 1,
and gave them tremendous advantages in darkness. Their power 2 l 4- 15, 2 l 7-26; UT 73, 75, 77-8, l O6-7, l O9, 1 12- 15, 1 l 7-
was lessened during the day, and KhamuI. the second to the 2 7, 129, 1 3 1-2, 136-46, 1 49. Read UT 73, 1 15, 138.
Chief, had considerable fear ofthe light. Some ofthe others may Nimbrethil - (S.). Birch-woods in Arvernien in the south of
have shared all or part of this flaw. Nonetheless, these wraiths Beleriand. Cf. Bilbo's song at Rivendell: "He built a boat of
generally overcame their weaknesses, and were rarely stayed for (
timber felled in Nimbrethil to journey in... I.etRI 308 . Read
.. )
more than brief intervals. Also called "Black Riders," and the Si1 246.
Ulairi. ReadI.etRI328, 336; I.etRii 6 I; I..ctRIll 43; UT295, 3 l O, Nimloth [ I ] - (S.). The White Tree ofNumenor, of which
338-9, 3 4 1, 344-6, 352-3. As Ringwraiths, read I..ctRI 82; a fruit taken by Isildur before it was felled grew into the White
I..ctRIl 1 29; 396; I.etRIll 1 99, 2 75; UT 267, 283, 289, 296-7, Tree ofMinas Ithil. Nimloth "White Blossom" is the Sindarin
300, 302-3, 338-9, 342, 344, 347, 352; as Black Riders, read form of Quenya Ninquel6te, one of the names of Te1perion.
I.etRI 1 1 2; I.etRll 94; I.etRIll 4 1; UT 340-2, 344-8, 352, 354; Read LotRlli 308; Si1 38, 59, 263, 268-9, 2 72-3, 2 76, 291; UT
as the Nine, read UT 339, 346; as Fell Riders, readI..ctRIll 4 1, 43; 223, 266.
read I.etR passim. Nimloth [2] -(S.). ElfofDoriath who wedded Dior ThingoI's
Neldoreth - (S.). The great beech-forest forming the north­ Heir; mother ofElwing; slain in Menegroth in the attack by the
ern part ofDoriath; called Taur-na-Neldor in Treebeard's song sons of Feanor. Read SiI 234-6; UT 233, 266.
in I.etRIL. Read I..ctRI 260; I..ctRIl 90; Si1 55, 9 1, 93, 95-6, 1 2 1,
Nimphelos -(S.). The great pearl given by Thingol to the lord
1 65, 1 72, 1 98, 234. of the Dwarves of Belegost. Read Sil 92.
Nimrodel-("Lady ofthe White Grotto"). A beautiful Silvan North Downs -Hills ofEriador north ofthe Shire, where was
Elf ofL6rien, beloved ofAmroth, who dwelt beside the falls of built the Numen6rean city of Fornost. Read lctRI 3 1 9; lctRl1l
Nimrodel until she went south and was lost in Ered Nimrais. 337; Si1 291; UT 2 1 4.
Read UT 240-3, 246, 248, 255, 257, 26 1, 3 1 6. Also a mountain Northmen - Also called the Northrons. A group of tall,
stream falling into the Celebr<l\1t, named after Nimrodel the Elf strong, fair, and hairy mannish folk. They are the "Middle­
who dwelt beside it. Read lctRl 439-42; lctRl1l 1 1 9, 1 8 1; UT men," a group culturally and physically closer to the Elves than
24 1, 246, 343. those labeled "common," but nonetheless distinct from the
Nindalf - (W. "Wetwang"). The great marsh south of the "High Men" or Edain. Branches of the Northmen include: the
Emyn Muil and east of the Anduin. It is fed br. local runoff and Wood-men, the Plains-men or Gramuz, the Lake-men, the
and the flows from the river Onodl6 (W. 'Entwash"). Read Eotheod, the Beornings, the Nenedain, and the Estaravi in
IetRl 483. Angmar. Read UT 288-90, 295- 7, 3 10- 13. With reference to
Nindamos - Chiefsettlement of the fishermen on the south­ the Rohirrim, read UT 3 72. For Free Men of the North, read UT
ern coast of Numenor, at the mouths of Siril. Read UT 1 68. 258.
Nine Walkers - Pitted against the Nine Black Riders: the Niiath, Woods of - Woods extending westwards from the
Fellowship of the Ring. Read lctRl 359; lctRll 355; UT 256, upper waters of the river Narog. Read UT 36, 53.
345, 395. I Niimendil - Seventeenth Lord of Andunie. Read UT 223.
Nin-in-Eilph ("Waterlands ofthe Swans"). The great fens
- Numenor - (S. "West-land," or "Westernesse;' Q. 1 09
of the lower reaches of the river called in its upper course "Numen6re"). The large, fertile island continent located in the
Glanduin. Read UT 265. Translated Swanfleet Read UT 262, middle of the Great Sea (S. "Belegaer") from its creation at the
265. beginning of the Second Age until its destruction in S.A. 33 I 9.
Niphredil - A white flower that bloomed in Doriath in The westernmost home of mortal Men, Numenor was often
starlight when Luthien was born. It grew also on Cerin Amroth called Andor (S. "Land of the Gift"), for it was a reward for the
in Lothl6rien. Read lctRl 454-5; Si1 9 1 . Edain's aid in the struggle against Morgoth during the First
Nirnaeth Arnoediad - (S. "Tears Unnumbered"). The name Age. FroJ11 S.A. 32 until its Downfall (A. "Akallabeth"),
given to the ruinous fifth battle in the wars ofBeleriand. Read Sil Numenor was occupied by the High Men (Edain) ofthe West,
138, 1 92, 1 95, 1 98, 207, 209, 238, 240- 1; UT 1 7- 1 8, 20-2, 49, who became known as the Dtilledain (Numen6reans). These
5 1, 53-4, 56, 58, 65-6, 85, 128, 1 45-7, 1 56, 1 60, 247. proud Men were the ancestors of the Dunadan race that later
dominated western Endor. Called also Anadune and Yozayan
NisimaIdar - ("Fragrant Trees"). Land about the Haven of in Adunaic, Elenna in Quenya ("Starwards"), a name from the
Eldalonde in western Numenor. Read UT 1 6 7. guidance ofthe Edain by Earendil on their voyage to Numenor
Nfsinen - Lake in the river Nunduine in western Numenor. after its creation; read Si1 261, 279, 281. Elenna-n6re (Q. "The
Read UT 1 68. Land Named Starwards") is a fuller form of Elenna. Other
Nivrim - (S.). That part ofDoriath that lay on the west bank epithets include the Great Isle (read UT 386), Isle ofKings (read
of Sirion. RealSil 1 22. UT 1 99), Isle of Westernesse (read UT 1 83), the Land of the
Nogrod - (S."Hollow Dwelling"). One of the two cities of Star (read Sil 2 74, 276; as a translation of Elenna-n6re in the
the Dwarves in the Blue Mountains; translation into Sindarin of Oath of Cirion, read UT 305). After its downfall known as
Dwarvish Tumunzahar. Westron Translation: Hollowbold Akallaberh, Atalante, and Mar-nu-Falmar. Read lctRl 23, 29,
(Early English "bold," noun related to the verb "to build"). Read 83; IetRll 20, 258; lctRl1l 35; Sil 59, 1 48, 260-72, 276-8 1,
Si1 9 1 -2, 94, 1 13, 1 33-4, 1 77, 1 89, 204, 23 1-3, 235; UT 75, 286, 289-93, 296, 302; UT 52, 56, Part 2 I-illpassim, 236, 239,
235, 252. 247, 262-3, 265, 2 72, 2 76, 2 79-80, 284, 287-8, 3 1 6- 1 7, 385-
Noirinan - Valley at the southern feet of the Meneltarma at 6, 398, 400, 403, 4 1 4.
the head of which were the tombs of the Kings and Queens of Niimenoreans - The Men ofNumenor, called also Dunedain
Numenor. Read UT 1 66, 1 68. Translated Valley ofthe Tombs, (the following references include Numen6rean used as an
read UT 1 66, 1 69. adjective). Read lctRl 29, 83, 20 I, 320, 338, 5 1 8; lctRll 202,
Noldolante - (Q. "The Fall of the Noldor")' A lament made 338, 355, 362; lctRl1l 2 1 5; Sil 30, 261-71, 2 73-4, 2 76-80,
by Maglor son of Feanor. Read Si1 8 7. 286, 289-94, 296-8, 300, 303-4; UT Part 2 I-ill passim (read
especially 206-7, 224-5), 236, 239, 247-8, 253, 255, 258, 26 1 -
Noldor (Q.). The Deep Elves, the second host of the Eldar
-
5, 273, 278-9, 283, 285-8, 3 1 4, 369, 383-4, 386, 398-9, 40 I,
on the westward journey from Cuivienen, led by Finwe. The 404, 409. For Kings ofMen, read IetRl 1 82; lctRll258; lctRlli
name (Quenya Noldo, Sindarin Golodh) meant "the Wise" 1 01; UT27, 200, 259, 303; for Men ofthe Sea, readlctRll 1 00,
(but wise in the sense of possessing knowledge, not in the sense 1 1 3; UT 1 70, 263; and see Dunedain. For Numen6rean
of possessing sagacity, sound judgement). For the language of Tongue/Speech, see Adunaic.
the Noldor, see Quenya. Read esp. lctRll 259; Si1 39, 53, 60, 62-
3, 1 1 7, 287; read also UT 1 8, 2 1-2, 25-6, 28-9, 3 1-2, 33-5, 42- Niimerramar - ("West-wings"). The ship of Veantur in
5, 4 7, 5 1-3, 55, 5 7-8, 92, 1 03, 1 56, 1 70, 1 90, 229-36, 243, which Aldarion made his first voyage to Middle-earth. Read UT
247-9, 254, 256-8, 266, 286. Called the Loremasters, read UT 1 75.
254. For High King of the Noldor, read UT 1 8; Gate of the Nunduine - River in the west ofNumenor, flowing into the
Noldor, see Annon-in-Gelydh; High Speech ofthe Noldor, see sea at Eldalonde. Read UT 1 68.
Quenya; Lady of the Noldor, see Galadriel; Lamps of the NUneth Mother ofErendis. Read UT 1 83, 1 86, 1 90- 1, 1 93,
-

Noldor, read UT 22, 5 1, and see Feanor. Adjective Noldorin, 1 98.

read UT 5 1, 235, 244, 257, 259. Nurnen - ("Sad Water")' The inland sea in the south of
Nom, Nornin - ("Wisdom" and "the Wise"). The names that Mordor. Read IetRIl 308; IetRill 246, 305; UT 398.
the Men of Beor's following gave to Finrod and his people in Nurtale Valinoreva - (Q. "The Hiding of Valinor"). Wit­
their own tongue. Read Sil 1 4 1 . nessing Morgoth's attack on Tilion, the Maia who guided the
North Cape - The end of the Forostar, the northern prom­ moon along its course, the Valar raised the Pel6ri to fortify
ontory of Numenor. Read UT 1 66. Valinor against assault and filled the seas with shadowy en­
chantments to prevent mariners from reaching the West. Read
Sil 1 02.
 o Olvar -(Q. "Growing Things With Roots in the Earth;" sing.
Ohtar - ("Warrior"). The esquire ofIsildur, who brought the "Olva"). Living things that do not move or, as noted by
shards of Elendil's sword Narsil to Irnladris. (On the name Yavanna, that " cannot flee." Orome (Araw) is the Vala closest
Ohtar, read UT 282). Read LctRl 320; Si1 295; UT 2 72�5, 282. to the Olvar. Trees are the greatest of the Olvar. Read Sil 4 5�6.
Oiolaire - ("Ever-summer"). An evergreen tree brought to Olwe - (Q.). Leader together with his brother Elwe (Thingol)
Numenor by the Eldar of Eressea, from which was cut the of the hosts of the Te1eri on the westward journey from
Bough of Return set upon the Numenorean ships (Corollaire, Cuivienen; lord of the Te1eri of Alqualonde in Aman. Read Sil
the Green Mound of the Trees in Valinor, was also called 53�5, 58, 60�2, 86�8, 94, I l l, 1 2 7; UT 229. 232�4.
Coron Oiolaire. Read UT 1 6 7, 1 79, 18 7�8, 1 92, 205, 2 15. For Ondoher - Thirty-first King ofGondor, slain in battle with
Bough of Return, read UT 1 79�80, 1 92. the Wainriders in T.A. 1944. Read UT 29 1 �5.
Oiolosse - (Q. "Ever-snow-white"). The most common Ondosto -A place in the Forostar (Northlands) ofNumenor,
name among the Eldar for Taniquetil (the Mountain ofManwe probably particularly associated with the stone-quarries of the
in Aman), rendered into Sindarin as Amon Uilos; but according region (Quenya cndo "stone"). Read UT 1 69.
to the Valaquenta it was "the uttermost tower ofTaniquetil." OrchaIdor - Numenorean, husband of Ailinel the sister of
Read Sil 26, 3 7; UT 55. Tar-Aldarion; father of Soronto. Read UT 1 73.
Oiomure - (Q.). A region ofmists near to the Helcaraxe. Read Orcs - Originally bred by Morgoth in the First Age, these
1 10 Sil 80. creatures quickly became servants of Darkness; it is likely that
Old Company - Name given to the original members of they were not inherently evil, but were culturally and mentally
, Turin's band in Dor-Cuarthol. Read UT 153. predisposed toward the "foul life." Legend has it that their
Old Ford - Ford over Anduin on the Old Forest Road. Read ancestors were Elves who were twisted in mind and body by the
UT 28 1. See Ford of Carrock. Black Enemy.
Orcs are of two types: the lesser or common Orcs which
Old Forest - (S. "Taur Iaur"). The Old Forest lies in the average about four to five feet in height and sport grotesque,
northwestern corner of Cardolan, between the Barrow-downs fanged faces; and the greater Orcs or Uruk-hai, who reach
(S. "Tyrn Gorthad") and the river Baranduin. The home of heights of six feet and have more "human" features. All are
Tom Bombadil, it is a remnant of the ancient wood that once heavy of build and have long, thin arms and thick hides.
covered much of northwestern Endor. Read LctRl 45, 1 56: Bred as laborers and warriors, Orcs respect little but brute
LctRll 89, 94; LctRlli #40, 342; UT 348. force, and are most potent when serving under a "focused will."
Old Took - Gerontius Took, Hobbit of the Shire, grandfa­ They are without exception cannibalistic, bloodthirsty, and
ther of Bilbo Baggins and great-great-grandfather of Peregrin cruel, and care little for social organization. Generally, smaller
Took. Read UT 332. tribal/c1anal units are the norm, based on a strong leader; each
employs its own dialect. Most are stellar smiths. Their ability
to work with metal is hardly paralleled. Although the appear­
ance of their items is often poor, the performance is excellent.
They rarely make anything unassociated with fighting.
Lesser Orcs are born, live, fight, and die in darkness; they
abhor light and are blinded by the unshielded sun. Greater Orcs
are most carefully bred and can operate in the daylight. Their
abilities to speak, organize, reason, and fight are higher than
their brethren. Some claim the Uruk-hai are products of
Saruman's White Hand, and were first spawned from Orcs and
Men. It appears, however, that they first arose in Mordor, and
that their lineages have nothing to do with the Secondborn.
While the lesser Orcs favor curved scimitars and wicked axes,
the Uruks bear straight swords and a wider variety of superior
arms. Read LctRl 26, 83, 505; LctRll 1 7, 33, 48, 59, 69; LctRlli
8 7, 1 15; Sil 50, 94; UT 35 7�8, 385.
OrfaIch Echor -(S.). The great ravine through the Encircling
Mountains by which Gondolin was approached; also simple the
Orfalch. Read Sil 239; UI 46� 9, 3 1 6.
Orleg - A man of Turin's outlaw-band, slain by Orcs on the
road to Nargothrond. Read UT 9 1 � 2.
OrrnaI - (Q.). One of the lamps of the Valar made by Aule.
Ormal stood in the south of Middle-earth. Read Sil 3J�6.
Orocarni -(Q. "Red Mountains;" S. "Ered Caran"). Moun- .
tain range in northeastern Endor. The Elven birthplace of
Cuivienen was set in the foothills of these peaks. In the early
days of Arda, before the changes, these peaks comprised the
northern range of the three mountain chains in the East. Read Sil
49.
Orodreth - (Q.). The second son of Finarfin; warden of the p
tower of Minas Tirith on T01 Sirion; King of Nargothrond Palantir - (Q. "Far Seer;" pl. "Palantiri"). Seven spheres of
after the death ofFinrod his brother; father ofFinduilas; slain "seeing" located in strategic sites in Arnor and Gondor, the two
in the Battle ofTumhalad. ReadSi1 6 I, 83, 1 20, 1 55�6, 1 70, 1 73, kingdoms of the Dunedain, during the late Second Age. Origi­
1 76, 1 88, 209� 12, 2 1 6; UT 54, l lO, 1 49, 153, 1 55, 157�60, nally made by the Noldo Feanor in Aman and placed in
1 62, 255. As Lord of Narog, read UT 153. Numenor, they were later brought to Middle-earth by Elendil
Orodruin - ("Mountain of Blazing Fire"). The volcano in and the "Faithful." The main palantir was placed in the Dome
Mordor in which Sauron forged the Ruling Ring. It was given of the Stars in Gondor's capital: Osgiliath. Among the others,
the name Amon Amarth (S. "Mount Doom") when its fires at least one possessed "a greater power" than the norm; it was
awoke again after Sauron's return from Numenor. Read I.ctRl located in Arnor within the great Tower of Amon SuI (on
94�5, 3 1 8; LotRIl 230, 3 1 9, 368; LotRIII 98, 2 1 4, 266; Si1 288, Weathertop). This latter sphere, together with another from
292�5; UT 280, 283, 409. For Amon Amarth, read LotRl 322, Annuminas (the old capital ofArnor), was lost in the shipwreck
367; I.ctRIl 292; LotRII1 2 1 4, 268; Sil 293, 304. of Arvedui in the middle of the Third Age. The other "North­
Orome - (Q. "Horn-blowing," "Sound of Horns"). A Vala, ern Stone" was located in the Tower Hills; the "Southern
one of � Aratar; the great hunter, leader of the Elves from Stones" were placed at Osgiliath, Orthanc, Minas Anor (re­
Cuivienen, spouse ofVana. Called Araw, Aldaron (Q. "Lord of named Minas Tirith), and Minas Ithil (renamed Minas Morgul).
Trees"), and Tauron (S. "the Forester," "Lord of Forests"). The spheres varied in size and coloration. Each enabled the user, III
ReadLotRII1 1 38; SiI 25, 29, 3 6, 4 1, 4 7, 49�50, 52�4, 57, 60, 62, to varying degrees, to view far away places and communicate
72�4, 76, 83, 93, 95, 99, 1 53, 1 72, 1 85; UT 1 83, 1 8 7, 393�4. with other willing users of the Stones. Also called "Stones" or
Oromet - A hill near the haven of Andunie in the west of the "Seeing Stones." ReadLotRIl254, 258�9, 383; LotRII1 189,
Numenor, on which was built the tower ofT ar-Minastir. Read 32 1; Sil 2 76, 29I�2; UT 2 76, 301, 306, 354, 401, 403� I 5; in
Sil 269; UT 220. Part 4 III, frequently referred to as the Stone(s).
Oropher - King of the Silvan Elves in Greenwood the Great; Palarran - ("Far-Wanderer"). A great ship built by Tar­
slain in the War of the Last Alliance; father ofThranduil. Read Aldarion. Read UT 1 78� 9, 1 8 7�8, 2 1 2, 40 I .
UT 258�9, 280� 1. Parth G;Uen - (S. "Green Sward"). A grassy place on the
Orrostar - ("Eastlands"). The eastern promontory of northern slopes ofAmon Hen by the shore ofNen Hithoel. Read
NUmenor. Read UT 1 65, 1 69. I.ctRI 5 1 1,524; LotRll 1 8; LotRIII 53, 288; UT 405.
Orthanc-("Forked Height")' The Numen6rean tower in the Paths of the Dead - The underground tunnel-road (and
Circle ofIsengard, afterwards the abode ofSaruman. ReadLotRl surrounding complex) running beneath the White Mountains
33 7; LotRIl 46, 204; LotRII1 I I 6; Si1 291�2, 300; UT2 76, 306, and connecting Dunharrow (in Calenardhon/Rohan) to the
3 1 4, 339, 346, 352, 354, 3 71�3, 400, 404, 406. For Orthanc­ upper Morthond valley in Lamedon. It is haunted by the Dead,
stone/Stone of Orthanc/the palantir of Orthanc, read UT 2 76, warriors of a cursed army cast in the shadow-world after they
403�5, 407� l O, 4 13� 1 4. broke their Oath to serve Gondor in the war against Sauron
Osgiliath - (S. "Fortress [or "Citadel"] of the Stars"). during the Second Age. Read LotIUll 56.
Originally founded as the capital of Gondor, Osgiliath is Pel - Reaches situated south of the Yellow Mountains and
situated on both sides ofthe Anduin, just north ofthe confluence east of Drel, in southwestern Middle-earth. Like Drel, Pel is
of the Great River and the Ithilduin and a short distance located near the cape called Metharn (Hyarnumente). A warm,
northeast of Minas Tirith. Read LotRl 32 1; LotRIl 22; LotRII1 humid land, it contains the forests ofT athom and Taur Galen.
23; Si1 291�3, 297; UT 2 7 1, 2 78�9, 285, 301, 338, 344, 353, The region is named for the four Apysan tribes that occupy the
369, 40 I�2. For Stone ofOsgiliath (the palantir), read UT 408� area.
9, 4 l l. Pelargir - (S. "Garth ofRoyal Ships"). Great port city on the
Osse - (Q.). Maia of the Sea, vassal ofUlmo, with whom he Anduin. Founded by the Faithful ofNumenor in S.A. 2350, it
entered the waters of Arda; lover and instructor of the Teleri. is the oldest city in Gondor. Pelargir is the capital of Lebennin
ReadSi1 30, 40, 5 7�9, 6 1, 8 7, l l 9, 1 96, 260; UT30, 32, 53, 156, and serves as the home for the Royal Fleet. It is also the center
1 78�9, 1 8 1, 2 1 4. ofthe urban district that bears its name. ReadLotRII1 74; Si1 2 6 7;
Ossiriand - (S. "Land of Seven Rivers"). The land of the UT 264�5, 291, 402.
Green-elves. The seven rivers referred to in its name being Pelendur - Steward of Gondor. Read UT 4 1 3.
Gelion and its tributaries flowing down from the Blue Moun­ Pelennor (Fields) - (S. "Fenced Land," "Enclosed Lands")'
tains. Cf. Treebeard's song in LotRIl 90. "I wandered in The "townlands" of Minas Tirith, guarded by the wall of
Summer in the elm-woods of Ossiriand. Ah! the light and the Rammas Echor, on which was fought the greatest battle of the
music in the Summer by the Seven Rivers of Ossir!" See also War of the Ring. The 96,000 acre area was about fifteen miles
Lindon. ReadSil 94, 96, 1 13, 1 2 1�4, 1 40, I 42�3, 1 5 1, 153, 1 88, in diameter. Pelennor consists mostly of rolling pastures and
1 95, 234�6, 285�6; UT 77, 234, 256, 383. farmland. Read LotRIII 22; UT 290, 326, 366, 369.
Ostelor - Located near Miredor, at the mouth of the Sir Pel6ri - (Q. "The fencing or defensive heights"). Called also
Celiant, it is the principal city in Drel. Ostelor's two ports open the Mountains of Aman and the Mountains of Defense, raised
onto the Bay of Drel. by the Valar after the destruction oftheir dwelling on Almaren;
Ost-in-Edhil - (S. "Fortress of the Eldar"). Capitol city and ranging in a crescent from north to south, close to the eastern
citadel ofthe Elves in Eregion. 1t was inhabited until S.A. 1697, shores of Aman. Read Sil 3 7, 39, 4 7, 5 7, 59, 73�4, 80, 1 00�2,
when it was overrun and sacked by Sauron's armies. Oropher 1 74; UT 36.
and Thranduil briefly resided there during the Second Age. Read Peregrin Took - Hobbit of the Shire, one of the Fellowship
Sil 286� 7; UT 236. of the Ring. Read LotRpassim; UT 287, 3 1 0, 32 1, 329, 33 1, 368,
Ostoher - Seventh King of Gondor. Read UT 3 1 9. 405�6, 4 1 0, 4 13. Called Pippin, read UT 28 7, 3 1 4.
 Petty-dwarves -("Noegyth Nibin"). A lesser branch
of the Khazad banished from the great Dwarven cities
of the East in the Elder Days. Also called Nibin-noeg,
pI. Nibin-nogrim. Read Sil 204, 230; UT l OO, 1 48, 150.
For Bar-en-Nibin-noeg, read UT 1 00; for Moors ofthe
Nibin-noeg, read UT 1 48.
Poros - River flowing down from the Ephel Duath
to join Anduin above its delta. Read UT 295. See Fords
of the Poros.
Prophecy ofthe North - The Doom ofthe Noldor,
uttered by Mandos on the coast ofAraman. Read Sil 8 7.
PUkel-men - Name in Rohan for the images on the
road to Dunharrow, but also used as a general equiva­
lent to Druedain, q.v. read IAtRlII 80; UT 263, 383-5,
387. See Druwaith Iaur.
Q
1 12 Quendi - (Q. "Those that speak with voices").
Original Elvish name for Elves (ofevery kind, includ­
ing the Avari). Read Sil 4 1, 49-52, 55, 59, 68, 70, 99,
lO5, 1 4 1; UT 225.
Quenta SiImarillion - (Q. "The History of the
Silmarils"). The story of the creation of the Silmarils
by Feanor, the rebellion of the Noldo Elf and his
people against the Valar, the Elves' banishment from
Valinor and their return to Middle-earth, and their
struggle against the Great Enemy. Read Sil 286.
Quenya - (Q.). The ancient tongue, common to all
Elves, in the form that it took in Valinor; brought to
Middle-earth by the Noldorin exiles, but abandoned
by them as a daily speech (save in Gondolin, read UT
55), especially after the edict of King Thingol against
its use; read esp. Sil 1 13, 1 29. Not named as such in The
Silmarillion, but referred to as Eldarin, read Sil 28, 262,
Rauros 28 1; High Eldarin, read SiI 26 1-2; High-elven, read Sil
2 1 7, 26 7; the tongue of Valinor, read Sil 1 13; the
speech of the Elves of Valinor, read Sil 1 25; the tongue
of the Noldor, read Sil l29, 133; the High Speech of the West/ Ranga - Numen6rean measure, a full pace, slightly longer
the Noldor, readSil 1 29; UT44, 55. Read UT55, 2 1 6, 2 1 8, 22 1- than a yard. Read UT 285-6.
2, 253, 255, 265- 7, 282, 305, 3 1 7- 1 8, 385, 388, 396, 399-401.
As High-elven, read UT 1 1 2, 2 1 6, 2 1 8, 266, 396-7. Rangers - The Dunedain of the North after the end of the
North Kingdom, secret guardians of Eriador. Read IAtRi 205;
R IAtRlII 59, 150; UT 3 4 1, 347, 398. Also refers to the rangers
R. � Abbreviation for Rohirric, the language of the Rohirrim. ofIthilien, read IAtRlI 338.
It is descended from the ancient Foradanin speech ofRhovanion Rath Dinen - "The Silent Street" in Minas Tirith. Read UT
and northern Eriador. 255.
Radagast - One of the Istari (Wizards). His Quenya name, Rauros - (S. "Roaring Spray"). The great falls in the river
Aiwendil, means "Lover of Birds." Read IAtRi 336-8; Sil 300, Anduin. Read LotRl 4 76; IAtRlI 20; IAtRlII 34; Si1 297.
302; UT 352, 389-90, 392-4, 40 1. Red Arrow - The "war-arrow" sent from Gondor to Rohan
Radhruin - One of the twelve companions of Barahir on as a token of the need of Minas Tirith. Read UT 364, 4 1 1 .
Dorthonion. Read Sil 1 55. Red Eye - Another name for the "Lidless Eye," the emblem
Ragnir - A blind servant ofHurin's house in Dor-16min. Read of Sauron. Read UT 282.
UE\ 7l.
Redway - (S. "Men Caran"). The Redway is named for the
Ragnor - One of the twelve companions of Barahir on reddish paving stones that cover its surface. Beginnm.g at the
Dorthonion. Read Sil 1 55. Sarn Ford on the Barandain, it runs southeastward across
Raj - (Ap. "Paradise"). The fertile and relatively forgiving hill western Cardolan and joins the Old North Road (Greenway)
country surrounding the Rijesha river valley. Raj is the cultural at Metraith (Thalion).
and economic center of Far Harad. Region - The dense forest forming the southern part of
Rarnmas Echor - (S. "Great Wall of the Outer Circle"). Doriath. Read Sil 55, 93, 96-7, 1 2 1, 132, 233-4; UT 1 1 4.
Originally called the Noeg Echor (S. "Encircling Dike"), the Rerir - Mountain to the north of Lake Helevorn, where rose
Rammas Echor is a massive wall system that surrounds the the greater ofthe two tributary branches ofGelion. ReadSil 1 12,
Pelennor Fields. It first consisted ofa high earthen embankment 1 23-4, 1 53.
encircled by a broad, deep ditch. Later, following T.A. 295 1 , a Rh. - Abbreviation for "Rhovaic," the ancient speech of the
formidable wall surmounts the embankment. Read LotRlII 23. Men of Rhovanion. It is more properly called "Eastern
Rana - ("The Wanderer"). A name of the Moon among the Foradanin." Rohirric and other Northman tongues derive from
Noldor. Read Si1 99; UT 242. this language.
Rhosgobel - The dwelling of Radagast at the edge of Ringwil - The stream that flowed into the river Narog at
�irkwood n,;ar the Carrock. �The name is sta�ed to mean Nargothrond. Read Si1 1 22.
russet-town or more hterally russet-enclosure. ) Read LotRI Rivil - Stream falling northwards from Dorthonion and
336, 354; UT 40 1 . flowing into Sirion in the Fen ofSerech. Read Sil 1 9 1, 1 94; UT
Rhovanion - (S. "Wilderland;" lit. "Wild Place"). Tradi­ 66. See also Rivil's Well, read Si1 1 63.
tionally, a vast re�ion encompassing all the land south of the Roads - In Beleriand in the Elder Days: (i) The highway from
Grey Mountains (S. "Ered Mithrin"), north ofMordor, east of T01 Sirion to N argothrond by the Crossings ofTeiglin, read UT
the Misty Mountains, and west of the river Redwater (S. 38-9, 54, 9 1-2, 130, 1 49; called the Old South Road, read UT
"Carnen"). This area includes Mirkwood and the northern 96. (ii) The East Road, from Mount Taras in the West,
Anduin river valley. Some scribes count the whole of the area crossing Sirion at the Brithiach and Aros at the Arossiach,
between Mirkwood and the Sea of Rhun, save Dorwinion, as perhaps leading to Himring, read UT 4 1, 54. (iii) See Dwarf­
part ofRhovan ion. ReadSi1 29 1; UT244, 288-92, 299, 3 1 1 - 1 2. road.
For King of Rhovanion, Vidugavia, read UT 3 1 1. East ofthe Blue Mountains: (i) The great Numen6rean road
Rhudaur - (S. "East Wood;" D. "Place of Roaring Red­ linking the Two Kingdoms, by Tharbad and the Fords ofIsen;
gold"). Easternmost of the three sections of Arnor, Rhudaur called the North-South Road, (read UT 264, 3 1 4), and (east of
was the wildest, most rugged, and least populated region in the the Fords ofIsen) the West Road, ( read UT 300); also the Great
North Kingdom. The territory lay between the Misty Moun­ Road (read UT 306), the Royal Road, (read UT 369-70), the 1 13
tains, the Ettenmoors, and the Weather Hills. When Arnor was horseroad (read UT 358), the Greenway (q.v. read UT348); other
sundered in T.A. 861, Rhudaur became an indep endent realm. references, read UT271, 2 78, 300, 302, 3 1 4, 340, 363, 366. (ii)
Its sparse DUnadan aristocracy lost control of the kingdom in The branch road from the Great Road going to the Homburg,
T.A. 1349, and during the following year Rhudaur went to war read UT 358, 363 (see Deeping-road). (iii) The road from
with Cardolan and Arthedain. Although a distinct state until Isengard to the Fords ofIsen, read UT 361, 365, 3 72. (iv) The
T.A. 1409, it was a subject-state of the Witch-king of Angmar Numen6rean road from the Grey Havens ofRivendell, travers­
for the last sixty years of its existence. Read Sil 291; UT 354. ing the Shire; called the East-West Road, (read UT 252, 2 78),
Rhfut - ("East"). Used generally of the lands of the further the East Road, (read LotRI 153; LotRlll 339; UT 3 4 1 ); other
East ofMiddle-earth, esp. the territories east ofthe Sea ofRhun references, read UT 2 7 1, 332. 335. (v) The road descending
and the easternmost peak of the Ered Lithui. Read LotRI 325; from the Pass ofImladris, crossing Anduin at the Old Ford, and
LotRlll 29, 280; UT 398. For Sea ofRhfut, read UT 2 72, 290, traversing Mirkwood; called the Old Forest Road, (read UT
292, 296. 28 1, 344, 401 ), the Forest Road, (read UT 28 1-2), and Men-i­
Rian - Daughter of Belegund (nephew ofBarahir, the father
Naugrim, the Dwarf-road. (vi) Numen6rean roads east of
ofBeren); wife ofHuor and mother ofTuor; after Huor's death Anduin including the road through Ithilien, read UT 294, 3 1 2;
died ofgriefon the Haudh-en-Ndengin. ReadSil 1 48, 155, 1 6 1, called the North Road, read UT 293-4; roads east and north
1 98, 238; UT 1 7, 5 7-8, 68, 2 15. from the Morannon, read UT 3 1 2.
Rochallor - The horse of Fingolfin. Read Sil 1 53.
Riders - See Eotheod. As Riders ofRohan, see Rohirrim. As
Black Riders, see Nazgill. Rochon Methestel - ("Rider of the Last Hope"). The name
Rijesha - (Ap. "River"). Chief river in southwestern Harad.
of a song made concerning Borondir Udalraph. Read UT 3 1 3.
Most of the waters of the Raj drain into the Rijesha, which in Rohan - (S. "Horse-land," "Rochand"). Calenardhon before
tum spills into the great Bay ofTulwang (at Bozisha-Dar). T.A. 25 10. Called The Mark or Riddermark, it is a fertile,
Ringare - Quenya name for the twelfth month according to grassy region granted to the Rohirrim (a semi-nomadic
the Numen6rean calendar, corresponding to December. Northman race) in return for their aid against the Balchoth and
Girithron is the Sindarin name. their oath of loyalty to the Kings arid Stewards of Gondor.
Rohan's chieftown is Edoras. ReadLotRI323; LotRII 23, 30, 38,
Ringil - The sword of Fingolfin. Read Sil 1 53-4. 1 4 1; LotRlll 20, 94; Si1 297, 303; UT 55, 23 7, 255, 260, 286,
Ring16 -River in Gondor, joining the Morthond north-east 288, 306, 3 1 1, 3 13- 1 5, 3 1 8- 1 9, 33 1, 339-4 1, 346-7, 355, 360,
of Dol Amroth. (It is stated that the Ringl6 "drew its first 362, 364, 368-9, 371-3, 384, 387, 400, 4 1 1 - 1 2. See also The
waters from a high snowfield that fed an icy tarn in the Mark, Gap of Rohan, Rohirrim.
mountains. If this at seasons of snow-melting spread into a Rohirrim - ("The Horse-lords"). The semi-nomadic people
shallow-lake it would account for the name, another of the inhabiting Rohan after T.A. 25 10. ReadLotRI 343, 493; LotRII
many that refer to a river's source." (For the account of 2 7, 35, 40, 1 4 1, 2 1 2; LotRlll 22; Si1 297; UT 55, 2 78, 286, 288,
Gwathl6, read UT 263.) Read UT 247, 3 1 6. 290, 294, 30 1, 306-7, 309- 1 1, 3 1 5- 1 9, 355, 358-9, 362, 366,
Rings of Power - The enchanted rings forged in the Second 369-73, 382, 384, 387, 400. For Riders of Rohan, readLotRlll
Age by the Noldo Elves ofOst-in-Edhil with Annatar's help. See 25, 60- 1 73 passim; UT 3 1 4- 1 5, 356-7, 359-64, 366-9, 3 7 1,
Si1 28 7-8, 300-2; UT23 7, 349, 35 1-2, 354, 405, 4 1 3. The One 3 73, 4 1 1. Also call�d the Eorlings ("The people ofEorl"), read
Ring, Great Ring, or Ruling Ring: readSil 267, 280, 28 7-9, 292, UT 358. See also Eotheod, Eorl.
294-5, 298-9, 301-4; UT 229, 23 1, 23 7, 25 1, 253-4, 2 73-7, R6mendacil I - Tarostar, eighth King of Gondor, who took
283, 329-30, 33 7-40, 342-8, 352-4, 387, 405-6, 4 13. As the title of R6mendacil "East-victor" after his repulse of the
Gollum's Ring, read UT 3 49; and as the Ring ofIsildur, read UT first attacks on Gondor by Easterlings. Read UT 308, 3 1 9.
406. Three Rings of the Elves: read Sil 288, 298-9, 304; UT
23 7-8, 25 1, 254, 2 74, 392 (see also Narya, the Ring of Fire, R6mendacil II - Minalcar, for many years Regent and
Nenya, the Ring ofAdamant, and Vilya, the Ring ofSapphire). afterwards nineteenth King of Gondor, who took the title of
Seven Rings of the Dwarves: read Si1 288-9, 299, 302; UT 238 R6mendacil after his great defeat of the Easterlings in T.A.
. For the last of the Seven, read UT 321, 324, 328, 336. Nine 1248. Read UT 3 1 1 .
Rings ofMen: read Si1 267, 288-9, 299, 302; UT238, 338, 343. Romenear - (Q. "East Sea;" S. "Rhunugaer"). The ocean east
Fellowship ofthe Ring: read UT246, 345, 405. War ofthe Ring: of Middle-earth. Part of the Ekkaia, or "Encircling Sea," the
read UT245, 248, 257, 260, 262, 2 76, 28 1, 283-4, 3 15- 1 6, 329, Romenear once (before S.A. 33 19) separated Endor from the
338, 354, 366, 3 7 1, 383, 400, 403, 405, 4 1 1- 1 2. The Walls of Night in the Utter East.
Ringebearer: read UT 329-30.
 R6menna - ("Eastwards"). Great haven on the east coast of Sauron was overthrown twice in the Second Age, first by the
Numenor. Read Sil 268, 2 72-3, 2 75, 279; UT 1 65, 1 69, 1 74-5, Numen6reans under Ar-Pharazon, and later by the Last Alli­
1 79-82, 186, 1 9 1 -2, 1 95, 201, 2 1 2. For Firth ofRomenna, read ance of Men and Elves. Each time he returned to power. His
UT 1 65, 1 74; for Bay of R6menna, read UT 1 76. "body," however, was destroyed in the Downfall of Numenor
R6-mo1l6 - An island city located of the coast of northern (from which he escaped), and he was never again able to assun:e
Drel. fair form. The lidless eye (normally red upon black) was hiS
RUmil- (Q.). A Noldorin sage ofTirion, first deviser of wrirten
symbol. He was responsible for creating two superior variants
characters; to him is attributed the Ainulindale. Read Sil 63-4. of creatures spawned by Morgoth- I) the Uruk-hai, or Great
Orcs, and 2) the Olog-hai, or Black Trolls. Both were fornu­
S dable fighting forces. Read LetRI 72, 29 1; LetRll 1 00; LetRlll
S. - Abbreviation for Sindarin ("Grey-e1vish"). 23, I l 7, 1 89; and LetR passim; Sil 32, 4 7, 5 1, 1 4 1, 1 55-6, 1 62-
Sackville-Baggins -Name ofa family ofHobbits in the Shire. 4, 1 70-2, 1 74-6, 1 78, 267, 2 70-5, 27 7, 2 79-8 1, 285-304; UT
Read UT 347. Otho Sackville-Baggins, read UT 354; Lotho, read 1 66, 1 88, 1 99, 206, 2 1 9-20, 222, 226, Part 2 1Vpassim, 2 7 1 -3,
UT 354. 280-4, 290-1, 3 12- 13, 32 1-2, 326, 330, 337-40, 342-6, 348,
Sador - Serving-man of Hurin in Dor-16min and friend of
352, 354, 3 73, 383, 386-9 1, 393, 395-9, 401, 403-8, 4 1 2.
Turin in his childhood, by whom he was called Labadal Called the Dark Lord, (read LetRI 8 I; LetRII 43; LetRlll 3 I; UT
1 14 ("Hopafoot"). Read UT60-2, 64-5, 69, 71-3, 1 05-6, 1 08, 386; 23 1), the Dark Power, (readLetRI 79;LetRlll 1 5 7; UT336), the
called Onefoot, read UT 1 05. Black One, (readLetRll3 1 8). Also see Annatar, Artano, Aulendil.
For Sauron's Isle, see Tol-in-Gaurhoth.
Saeros -Nandorin Elf, one ofthe chief counselors ofThingoI
Second Age (S.A.) - The Second recorded Age of Middle­
in Doriath; insulted Turin in Menegroth, and by him pursued
to his death. Read Si1 1 99; UT 77, 79-84, 94, 1 4 7, 387. earth. It began after the fall of Morgoth with the founding of
the Grey Havens and Lindon. The Age ended � S.A. 3441,
Salmar - (Q.). A Maia who entered Arda with Ulmo; maker
when Elendil and Gil-galad overthrew Sauron, IsIldur took the
of Ulmo's great horns, the Ulumuri. Read Sil 40. One Ring, and the Dark Lord and his NazgQl passed into the
Sam(wise) Gamgee - Hobbit of the Shire, one of the shadows. Read LetRI 3 1 8.
Fellowship of the Ring, and companion of Frodo in Mordor. Sederi A Kira'n people who reside in Mag. Tumag, Hyarn,
-

Read LetR passim; UT 1 48, 2 1 6, 284, 327. As Master Samwlse, Pel, and Miredor in southwestern Endor.
read UT 284-5.
Serech - The great fen north of the Pass of Sirion, where the
Sarch nia Hin Hurin -(So "Grave ofthe Children ofHurin").
river Rivil flowed in from Dorthonion. Read Sil 107, 152, 1 63,
Brethil. Read UT 1 40. 1 9 1, 1 93-4, 228; UT 69, 1 48.
Sam Athrad - (S. "Ford of Stones")' Located where the Seregon - (S. "Blood of Stone"). A plant with deep red
Dwarf-road from Nogrod and Belegost crossed the river Gelion. flowers that grew on Amon Rudh. Read Sil 203, 206; UT 99,
Read Sil 92, 1 40, 232, 235; UT 235. 1 48.
Sam Ford - Partial translation of Sam Athrad "Ford of Semi - One of the rivers of Lebennin in Gondor. (The name
Stones," ford over the Baranduin at the extreme southern point is a derivative ofSindarin sern "small stone, pebble," equivalent
of the Shire. Read LetR! 234; LetRlll 345, 356; UT 239, 241. of Quenya sarnic' "shingle, pebble-bank." Although Serni was
Sam Gebir - (S. "Stone-spikes"). Name ofrapids in Anduin the shorter river, its name was continued to the sea after Its
above the Argonath, so called because of upright stake-like confluence with the Gilrain. Its mouth was blocked with
spikes of rock at their beginning. Read UT 292, 338, 343. shingles, which in later times caused ships approaching the
Sarurnan - ("Man ofSkill"). One ofthe Istari (Wizards) and Anduin and heading for Pelargir to go by the eastern Side ofT01
the head of their order. Also called Curunir (S. "The One of Falas, then following the sea passage made by the Numen6reans
Cunning Devices"), Curumo in Quenya, Curunir Un, Saruman through the Anduin delta. Read UT 243.
the White, and the White Messenger. After T.A. 2758, he Shadowfax -The great horse of Rohan ridden by Gandalf in
dwelt in the tower Orthanc. Read LetRI 78, 336-44; LetRll 2 1- the War ofthe Ring. Read LetRI 3 44, 346; LetRll46; LetRlll 20;
232 passim, 233-42, 29 7-300, 322-25, 340, 367; SiI 300-3; UT UT 3 1 4, 3 4 1, 364, 405.
2 76- 7, 3 1 5, 32 1, 323, 337-42, 346-52, 354-7, 360-7, 3 73, SheIflands - The coastal lands between the Mountains ofthe
387, 389-94, 399-40 1, 404-8, 4 I 2- I3; as Sharkey, readLetRlll Wind and the Encircling Sea in southeastern Middle-earth.
35 1 - 74 passim. Includes Lochas Drus, Ka'ish, Arg-Simorig, and Ruuriik.
Sauron - ("The Abhorred"). The Dark Lord, the Shadow, the Shire - (Kd. "Suza" ). Located in southe�tern Arthedain,
Lord of the Rings. A Maia of Aule who served Morgoth in the along the old border with Cardolan, the Shire was a fertIle,
First Age, Sauron survived and went south from the elder lands county-sized area covering over 1 8,000 square miles. n T.A.
of darkness. During the Second Age, he convinced the Noldor 1 60 I, King Are eleb II ranted the regIOn to the Hobbits �
g g (Kd.
of Eregion to create rings for the Free Peoples; later, in secret, "Kuduk") led by the brothers Blanco and Mar h of the
he forged the One Ring. This ring embodied much ofhis power Fallohide tribe. Within the next thirty years, the maJonty of all � �
and was capable of uniting and controlling the other Rings of the three tribes of the Hobbits migrated into the Shire, where
Power-the Three Rings ofthe Elves, the Seven ofthe Dwarven they set up their own semi-autonomous society. The Shire
lords, and the Nine Rings of mankind. Both the Dwarves and survived the downfall ofArthedain in T.A. 1974. Note that the
Elves resisted his trap; the former took off their rings, while the adjacent Hobbit settlement of "Buckland" was actually in
latter race entrusted theirs to three of the Wise. Men, however, northwestern Cardolan and was not officially integrated into
were not so quick to realize the danger, and the Nine rings the Shire until early in the Fourth Age. ReadLetRI 20, 43; LotRll
remained in the hands of nine proud lords who sought power 94; LetRlll 20, 342; UT 234, 252, 287, 322-5, 32 7-9, 33 1 -5,
and found undying darkness-they became the NazgQl. Sauron 339-42 344-50 352 354. For Shire Calendar/Reckoning,
removed himself to the fortress land ofMordor m the Second read ui 2 79, 28 4. Fo:Shire-folk, read UT 323, 33 1, 333.
Age and there built Barad-dur. Mount Doom (Orodruin) was
already used as his personal forge, and wlthm the new realm he Sit - Abbreviation for Silvan Elvish ("Bethteur"). (Note
began to cast a new Shadow upon the continent. "Avarm. . ")
Silmarien - Daughter of Tar-Elendil, the fourth King of Smaug - The great Dragon of Erebor. In many references
Numenor; mother of the first lord of Andunie (Valandil) and called the Dragon. Read Hob 23-4, 2 1 2-3 1, 245-9; LotRI 303;
ancestress of Elendil and his sons Isildur and Anarion. Read Sil LotRlll 32 7; UT 258, 32 1-4, 326, 328-30, 332-4.
268; UT 1 71, 1 73, 208, 2 1 5, 2 1 9, 225, 2 77, 284. Snowbourne - River rising under the Starkhorn and flowing
Silmarils - (Q.)/fhe three jewels made by Feanor before the out down Harrowdale and past Edoras. Read LotRlll 76; UT
destruction of the Two Trees of Valinor, and filled with their 367.
light; read esp. Sil 67. Read LotRI 260, 309- 1 0; I.etRll 408, 4 1 8; Sons ofFeanor-See Maedhros, Maglor, Celegorm, Caranthir,
Si1 39, 67-9, 7 1-2, 75, 78-83, l O I, l O4-5, l O8, I l l, I l 6, 1 2 7, Curufin, Amrod, Amras. Often referred to as a group, especially
1 6 7-9, 1 73, 1 8 1 -2, 1 84-6, 1 89, 1 99, 232-7, 244, 246-8, 250, after the death of their father. Read Sil 64, 69, 7 1, 83, 1 08-9,
252-4; UT 52, 230, 233, 252. See War of the Jewels. I l2- 13. 1 2 1, 1 23-4, 1 2 7-9, 13 1, 133-5, 1 50, 1 52-3, 1 69, 1 76,
Silvan Elves - Also called Woodland Elves, the Silvan Elves 1 84, 1 89-90, 1 92-3, 1 95, 236- 7, 244, 247, 253.
are Avari. The Eldar often equated them with the Nandor, Elves Sorontil - ("Eagle-horn"). A great height on the coast of the
who journeyed westward but never passed over of the Misty northern promontory of Numenor. Read UT 1 6 7.
Mountains (The Nandor remained in the vale of Anduin and Soronto - Numenorean, son of Tar-Aldarion's sister Ailinel
in Greenwood the Great.) Generally speaking, the Silvan Elves and cousin of Tar-Ancalime. Read UT 1 73, 208-9, 2 1 1, 2 1 3,
include all of the Quendi who are not Eldar. They are also called 220, 225-6.
Tawarwaith ("The Forest People") or Avari (Q. "Refusers"). 1 15
Read Sil 286, 298; UT 2 1 4, 240- 1, 243, 245, 24 7-8, 256-60, SoronUme - (Q.). Name of a constellation. Read Si1 48.
267, 2 72, 280. For "Bethteur," theSilvanElvish/Silvan Tongue, South Downs - Hills in Eriador south ofBree. Read UT 3 48.
read UT 24 1, 257, 259-60. Southfarthing - One of the divisions of the Shire. Read LotRl
Sindar- (S. "Grey Elves;" alt. "Elves ofTwilight"). The name 28, 65; LotR1l 208, 229; I.etRill 324; UT 3 4 1, 354.
was applied to all the Elves of Telerin origin whom the Southrons - Term used in Gondor, especially Lebennin, for
returning Noldor found in Beleriand, save for the Green-elves Men from Harad or Umbar. Read LotRll 338; LotRlll l 13.
ofOssiriand. The Noldor may have devised this name because Stewards ofGondor -The chiefcouncellors to the royal Line
the first Elves of this origin whom they met with were in the of Anarism in Gondor. Mardil was the first of the Ruling
north, under the grey skies and mists about Lake Mithrim (see Stewards, since he held office when King Earnur rode away to
Mithrim); or perhaps because the Grey-elves were not of the war and never returned. Arandur, meaning "King's Servant,"
Light (of Valinor) nor yet of the Dark (Avari), but were Elves "Minister," is the Quenya term for the Stewards. Read LotRill
of the Twilight, read Si1 56. But it was held to refer to Elwe's 25; UT297, 302-6, 308-9, 3 15, 3 1 7, 3 1 9, 3 7 1 -2, 403-4, 406-
name Thingol (Quenya Sindacollo, Singollo, "Grey-cloak"), 9, 4 13. For Book of the Stewards, read UT 3 1 0.
since he was acknowledged high king of all the land and its Stock - A village in the Shire, at the north end of the Marish.
peoples. The Sindar called themselves Edhil, plural Edhel. Read Read UT 352. Seregon
Si1 29, 3 7, 56, 9 1, 94-5, l O4, l O8, I l 3, I l 7-20, 1 24, 126, 1 28-
9, 1 3 7, 1 43, 1 5 1, 156-7, 1 98, 204-5, 225, 234, 236, 238, 285;
UT48, 228, 236, 247, 252, 256-9. As "Grey-elves," read UT 1 7-
1 9, 2 1, 34, 68, 93, l OO, l O3, 234, 248.
Sindarin - The Elvish tongue ofBeleriand, derived from the
West-elvish speech (Eldarin) but greatly changed through long
ages from Quenya ofValinor; acquired by the Noldor exiles in
Beleriand (see Sil 1 1 3, 1 29). Called also the Grey-elven tongue,
the tongue of the Elves ofBeleriand, etc. Read Si1 40, 59-60, 1 1 3,
I l 8- I 9, 125, 1 29, 1 4 7, 155, 1 65, 204, 259, 26 1; UT 54-5, 76,
1 48, 2 15- 1 6, 23 1, 243, 247, 253, 255, 257, 26 1, 263, 265-7,
279, 281-2, 287, 30 1, 306, 3 1 3, 3 1 7- 1 9, 3 77, 385, 388, 392,
399-400. In the sense "of the Sindar," read UT 233, 240, 243-
4, 252, 256, 258-60. As Tongue ofBeleriand, read UT44, 2 15;
as Grey-elven tongue, read UT 1 46.
Sirannon - (So "Gatestream"). Stream running west out ofthe
Misty Mountains just above Moria's West-gate. It joins the
River Glanduin near the ancient Elven site ofOst-in-Edhil. A
pool in the Sirannon guards the entry to Khazad-dum, for it lies
close to the door and is inhabited by the evil freshwater Kraken
called the "Watcher in the Water." It has been said that the
Watcher dammed the river. Read LotRI 293, 392-3.
Siril -The chiefriver ofNumenor, flowing southwards from
the Meneltarma. Read UT 1 68.
Sirion - The great river flowing from north to south and
dividing West from East Beleriand. Read Sil Passim; read esp. 5 1,
1 20, 122; UT 34-5, 38, 40-2, 54, 56, 78, l O9, 1 1 4, 1 1 6, 120,
1 4 7. Falls ofSirion, readSil I 68, 23 1. Fens ofSirion, read Sil I 68;
UT 1 4 7. Gates of Sirion, read Sil I 22. Havens of Sirion, read Sil
238, 246- 7, 253; see also Havens. Mouths ofSirion, read Si1 57,
1 20, 157, 159, 1 96, 23 7, 244, 246; UT20, 34, 5 1, 53, 1 2 1, 159-
60, 3 78. Pass(es) ofSirion, readSil 1 1 5, 1 20, 152, 1 60, 1 78, 1 92,
1 94, 2 1 2, 2 1 6; UT 1 8, 1 1 0, 1 60. Springs of Sirion, read UT 1 60.
Vale (Valley) of Sirion, read Si1 545, l O6, 1 15, 1 1 9, 1 25, 202,
2 1 5, 243; UT 28, 39, 43, 73, 96, 99, l O9, 1 4 7-8.
 Stone ofthe Hapless - Memorial stone ofTurin and Nienor Taras Mountain on a promontory ofNevrast; beneath it was
-

by Cabed Naeramarth in the river Teiglin. Read 5i1 230. Viny�ar, the dwelling ofTurgon before he went to Gondolin.
Stonewain Valley - Valley in the Druadan Forset at the Read 5,1 1 1 9, 238; UT 26-7, 33, 36, 4 1, 54.
eastern end of Ered Nimrais. (The name is a translation of Taras-ness - The headland from which Mount Taras rose.
Imrath Gondriach; imrath means "a long narrow valley with a Read UT 28.
road or watercourse running through it lengthwise.") Read UT Tar-Atanamir - (Q.). Thirteenth King of Numenor, called
3 1 9, 382. "the Great" and "the Unwilling," to whom the Messengers of
Stoors - One of the three peoples into which the Hobbits the Valar came. Read 5iI 265-6; UT 1 69, 2 1 6, 2 1 8, 22 1, 226-7.
were divided; the other two were Harfoots and Fallohides. Read Tar-Ciryatan (Q.). Twelfth King ofNumenor, "the Ship­
-

LotR1 22; UT 287, 339, 345, 348, 353. builder." Read 5il 265; UT 221.
Straight Road, Straight Way -The path over the Sea into the Tar-Elendil - (Q.). Fourth King of Numenor, father of
Ancient or True West, on which the ships of the Elves might Silmarien (from whom Elendil was descended) and Meneldur.
still sail after the Downfall ofNumenor and the Changing of Also called Parrnaite ("Book-handed"). Read 5i1 268; UT 1 71-
the World. Read 5iI 281-2. 3, 1 75, 208, 2 1 4- 15, 2 1 9, 225, 3 1 7.
Strawheads - Contemptuous name among the Easterlings in Tarlang's Neck -A wide, low pass through tl�e long mountain
Hithlum for the People of Hador. Read L1tRIl 1 80; UT 69. ridge called Tarlang. This rugged ridge is a southern spur ofthe
116 Suduri - (S. "Lond GwathI6;" Q. "Mistalonde"). Port town White Mountains and cuts through central Lamedon. The road
on the lower Gwathl6, upstream from the ruins of Lond Daer. through Tarlang's Neck connects Erech with Calembel. Read
After the fall of Cardolan, Suduri becomes the principal town lAtRlll 75.
in the Kingdom of (the) Saralainn. Tarmasundar - ("Roots of the Pillar"). The five ridges
Sulime - (Q.). Quenya name of the third month according to extending from the base of the Meneltarma. Read UT 1 66.
the Numen6rean calendar, corresponding to March. Called Tar-Meneldur (Q.). Fifth Ruler ofNumenor, astr�nomer,
-

Gwaeron in Sindarin. Read UT 2 l, 297. father ofTar-Aldarion. Tar-Meneldur's given name is Irimon;
he is also called Elentirrno ("Star-watcher"). Read UT 1 6 7, 1 71,
T
1 73-8 1, 1 83-4, 1 86-8, 1 92-3, 1 95-206, 208, 2 1 2-·1 5, 2 1 9,
Talath Dirnen (S. "The Guarded Plain")' Located north of 225, 236, 386. See Elentirrno, Irimon.
-

Nargothrond. Read 5il 1 4 7, 1 68, 1 72, 205, 2 l O, 2 1 2; UT 92. Tar-Minastir - (Q.). Eleventh King of Numenor, who sent
Taniquelasse - (Q.). Fragrant evergreen tree brought to a fleet to aid Gil-galad against Sauron. Read 5il 26 7, 269; UT
Numenor by the Eldar of Eressea. Read UT 1 6 7. 206, 220, 223, 226, 239, 265.
Taniquetil - (Q. "High White Peak"). The highest of the Tarn Aeluin - (5.). The lake on Dorthonion where Barahir
mountains of the Pel6ri and the highest mountain of Arda, and his companions made their lair, and where they were slain.
upon whose summit are I1marin, the mansions of Manwe and Read 5il 1 62-3.
Varda; also called Elerrina ("Crowned with Stars"), the White Tar-Palantir - (Q. "He Who Looks Afar")' Twenty-third
Mountain, the Holy Mountain, and the Mountain of Manwe, King ofNumenor, who repented of the ways of the Kings, and
Oiolosse. Read 5il 26, 3 7, 40, 48, 50, 6 1-2, 74-6, 79, 83, 85, I I 0, took his name in Quenya . Also called InziladCtn or Ar­
248, 2 78, 28 1; UT 30, 395. InziladCtn. Read 5i1 269, 2 72; UT 223-4, 22 7.
Tar-Alcarin (Q.). Seventeenth Ruler ofNumenor. Read UT Tar-Surion - (Q.). Ninth Ruler ofNumenor. Read UT 2 1 2,
-

222. 220, 226.

Tar-Aldarion - (Q.). Sixth Ruler of Numenor, the Mariner Tar-Telemmaite - (Q. "Silver-handed"). Fifteenth Ruler of
King; by the Guild ofVenturers called the (Great) Captain. Read Numenor, so named for his love of silver. Read UT 22 1, 284.
UT 1 68, 1 7 1, 1 73-206, 208-9, 2 1 2- 1 7, 2 1 9-20, 224-5, 227,
236, 239, 253, 262-5, 284, 386, 40 1 . See Anardil. Tar-Telperien - (Q.). Tenth Ruler of Numenor and the
second Ruling Queen. Read UT 220, 226.
Tar-Amandil - (Q.). Third Ruler of Numenor, grandson of
Elros Tar-Minyatur. Read UT 2 1 7, 2 1 9, 225. Tar-Vanimelde - (Q.). Sixteenth Ruler ofNumenor and the
third Ruling Queen. Read UT 222.
Tar-Anarion (Q.). Eighth Ruler of Numenor, son ofTar­
-

Ancalime and Hallacar of Hyarastorni. Read UT 2 1 1- 1 2, 2 1 7, Taur-en-Faroth - (5.). The wooded highlands to the west of
220. For Daughters of Tar-Anarion, read UT 2 1 2, 220. the river Narog above Nargothrond; also called Faroth or the
High Faroth. Read 5il 1 1 4, 1 22, 1 68; UT 1 1 6, 1 1 9, 1 49.
Tar-Ancalime - (Q.). Seventh Ruler of Numenor and the
first Ruling Queen, daughter of Tar-Aidarion and Erendis. In Taur-im-Duinath (S. "The Forest between Rivers"). name
-

her youth she was called Emerwen Aranel ("Princess Shepherd­ of the wild country south of the Andram between Sirion and
ess"). Read UT 1 90-5, 1 9 7-8, 202-4, 206-9, 2 1 1 - 1 2, 2 1 7, 2 1 9- Gelion. Read 5il 1 23, 153.
20, 225. See Emerwen. Teiglin - A tributary of Sirion, rising in Ered Wethrin and
Tar-Anealimon - (Q.). Fourteenth King of Numenor, in bounding the Forest ofBrethil on the south; see also Crossings
whose time the Numen6reans became divided into opposing ofTeiglin. Read5iI 1 20, 1 22, 1 4 7, 1 5 7, 200, 205, 2 1 2, 2 1 5- 1 6,
parties. Read 5i1 266; UT 1 69, 22 1, 224, 226. 220- 1, 224, 226, 230; UT 38, 52, 54, 78, 85, 8 7, 96, l l O- l l,
1 20-1, 1 23, 1 26-7, l30- 1, 133, 136-40, 1 42, 1 46-7, 1 49, 152.
Tar-Anducal - (Q.). Name taken as Ruler of by Herucalmo,
who usurped the throne on the death of Tar-Vanimelde, his T elehar - (5.). The most renowned of the smiths ofNogrod,
wife and third Ruling Queen of Numenor. Read UT ;22. the maker ofAngrist and (according to Aragorn in LotRIl 1 4 7)
ofNarsil. Read 5il 94, 1 77; UT 75-6.
Tarannon - Twelfth King of Gondor. Also called Falastur
("Lord of the Coasts"). Read UT 401-2. Telemnar - (5.). Twenty-sixth King of Gondor. Read 5i1 296.
Teleri - (Q. "Last-comers," "Hindmost"). The third and Thingol -(S. "Grey-cloak," "Grey-mantle;" Q. "Sindacollo,"
greatest of the three hosts of the Eldar on the westward journey "Singollo"). The name by which Elwe (Sindarin Elu), leader
from Cuivienen, led by Elwe (Thingol), and Olwe; of whom with his brother Olwe of the host of the Teleri from Cuivienen
were the Elves of Alqualonde in Aman. They called themselves and afterwards King of Doriath, was known in Beleriand; also
the Lindar, the Singers. The name Teleri was given to them by called the Hidden King. See Elwe. Read LotRl 260; Sil 56, 9 1 -
those before them on the march, the other Eldar. Both the 7, lO8, 1 1 1 - 1 2, 1 1 4- 15, 1 2 1-2, 126-9, 1 3 1 -2, 1 43, 1 4 7-8,
Sindar and the Nandor were Teler Elves. in origin. Most 1 51, 157, 1 65-9, 1 72-3, 1 79, 1 83-6, 1 88-9, 1 98-202, 2 1 1,
shunned the journey to Aman and settled in northwestern 2 1 7, 2 1 9, 227, 23 1-6, 240, 254; UT 55- 7, 63, 70-2, 74-85, 90,
Endor. Read Sil 40, 53-5, 5 7-6 1, 66, 72-3, 75, 86- 7, 90, 94, 97, 93-5, 1 1 2- 1 4, 1 1 9�2 1, 1 43, 1 4 7-9, 153, 1 7 1, 228-9, 23 1 -4,
lO2, 1 33-4, 13 7, 248-9, 25 1, 254, 286; UT 24, 35, 228-32, 259.
253, 256, 266, 286; as the Third Clan, read UT256. For Lindar Third Age (T.A) - The third recorded Age of Middle-earth.
("The Singers"), read UT 253, 286; Falmari (or Sea-elves) is the It began following the defeat of Sauron as a result of the Last
name of the Teleri who departed from Middle-earth and went Alliance of Men and Elves and ended in T.A. 3021, when the
into the West, read Si1 53. Keepers ofthe Ring passed over the sea (from the Grey Havens).
Telerin - Of the T eleri, read UT 229, 232-4, 256. Of the Read LotRl 2 1; LotRl1I 304.
tongue of the Teleri, read UT 265-6. Thorin Oakenshield - (Kh.) Dwarf of the House of Durin,
Telperion - (Q.). The elder ofthe Two Trees ofValinor. Read King in exile, leader of the expedition to Erebor; slain in the 1 17
LotRl1I 308; Si1 38-9, 48, 59, 74, 99- l O0, 202, 263, 291; UT Battle of Five Armies. Read Hob passim; LotRl 32, 300; UT 2 78,
49, 230, 266. Also called the White Tree, read Sil 59, and 32 1-6.
Silpion, read Si1 38. In Telerin Tyelperion read UT 266. Thorondor - ("King of Eagles"). Lord of the Eagles of the
Telumehtar - Twenty-eighth King of Gondor; called Crissaegrim. Cf. LotRl1I 287, "Old Thorondor, who built his
Umbardacil "Conqueror of Urnbar" after his victory over the eyries in the inaccessible peaks of the Encircling Mountains
Corsairs in T.A. 1 8 10. Read UT 291, 3 12. when Middle-earth was young." See Crissaegrim. Read LotRl1I
Telumendil - (Q.). Name of a constellation. Read Sil 48. 2 78; Sil l lO, 1 25, 1 54, 158-9, 1 82, 228, 240, 243, 25 1; UT 43,
Thain's Book - A copy of the Red Book ofWestmarch made
48, 55. .
at the request of King Elessar and brought to him by the Thain Thram I - (Kh.) Dwarf of the House of Durin, first King
Peregrin Took when he retired to Gondor; much annotated under the Mountain. Read UT 327.
afterwards in Minas Tirith. Read UT 399. Thram II - (Kh.) Dwarfof the House ofDurin, King in exile,
Thalos -The second of the tributaries ofGelion in Ossiriand. father of Thorin Oakenshield; died in the dungeons of Dol
Read Sil 123, 1 40. Guldur. Read LotRl 35 1, 387; UT 32 1, 324, 327-8, 336.
Thangail - ("Shield-fence"). A battle-formation of the Thranduil - (S.). The son of Oropher (the first King of
DUnedain. Read UT 2 72, 28 1 . Greenwood the Great), Thranduil was a Sinda Elf. When his
Thangorodrim - (S. "Mountains o f Tyranny"). Reared by
father died at the end of the Second Age, he became King ofthe
Morgoth above Angband; broken down in the Great Battle at Woodland Realm and Lord ofthe Silvan Elves (ofMirkwood).
the end of the First Age. Read LotRl3 1 9; LotRlI 408; Sil 8 1, 96, Thranduil fathered Legolas, the Elf-hero and member of the
lO7- 1 l O, 1 1 6, 1 1 8- 1 9, 1 50-2, 1 78, 1 82, 1 90, 1 92, 1 9 7, 207, Fellowship ofthe Ring. ReadLotRI3 1 5; Si1 299; UT243-4, 252,
252, 259, 285, 293; UT 1 8, 43, 55, 6 7, 247, 252. 256-60, 272, 2 76, 279-83, 338, 342-4, 353.
Tharbad - (S. "Crossing-way"). The fortified river-port that
Thror - (Kh.) Dwarf of the House of Durin, King under the
straddles the river Gwathl6 at the point where the Old North Mountain at the coming of Smaug, father of Thrain II; killed
Roadmeets the Old South Road. Founded by the Numen6reans in Moria by the Ore Azog. Read LotRI3 1 6; UT 321, 324, 32 7-8.
in the Second Age, it was the principal city in Cardolan, but Thuringwethil - (S. "Woman of Secret Shadow"). The
ruined and deserted at the time of the War of the Ring. Read vampiric messenger of Sauron, Thuringwethil. hailed from
LotRI22, 359, 484; UT206, 239, 261-5, 2 78, 3 14, 340-1, 346- Tol-in-Gaurhoth. She often took the form of a reat bat.
8, 354, 3 70. For Bridge ofTharbad, read UT 264, 344, 3 70. Luthien entered Angband guised as Thuringwethi . Read Sil
Thargelion - (''The Land beyond Gelion"). Located between
1 78-9.
Mount Rerir and the river Ascar, where Caranthir dwelt; called Tilion - A Maia, steersman of the Moon. Read Sil 99- 1 02.
also Dor Caranthir (S. "Land of Caranthir") and by an early Tirion - ("Great Watch-tower"). The city of the Elves on the
name Talath Rhunen (S. "The East Vale"). Read Si1 124, 132, hill ofTUna in Aman. Read LotRl309, 482; LotRl1260; Sil 59, 61-
1 42, 153. 3, 69, 71, 75, 82, 84-6, lO2, 1 14- 15, 125-7, 169, 240, 248, 291.
Thengel - Sixteenth King of Rohan, father ofTheoden. Read T01 Eressea - (S. "The Lonely Isle"). The isle on which the
LotRlI 43; LotRl1I 92; UT 286. Vanyar and the Noldor and afterwards the Teleri were drawn
Theoden - Seventeenth King of Rohan, slain in the Battle of across the ocean by Ulmo, and which was at last rooted in the
the Pelennor Fields. Read LotRlI 43-50 passim, 1 28-46 passim, Bay of Eldamar near to the coasts of Aman. On Eressea the
1 4 7- 72, 1 79-209, 229-38; LotRl1I 26, 29, 55, 59-61, 65, 76- Teleri long remained before they went to Alqualonde; and there
94, lO9, 127-45; UT 277, 290, 3 15, 340, 346- 7, 355, 359-60, dwelt many ofthe Noldor and the Sindar after the ending ofthe
363-9. As Lord of the Mark, read LotRlI 43; LotRl1I 1 76. First Age. Read LotRl 32 1; LotRl1I 289; Sil 50, 57-9, 6 1, l O2,
Theodred - Son ofTheoden King of Rohan; slain in the First
248, 250, 254, 260, 262-3, 268, 2 78-9, 282, 286-7, 292; UT
Battle of the Fords of Isen. Read UT 355-6 1, 364-5, 367-9. 1 6 7, 1 70, 2 1 5-6, 222-3, 229, 242, 250, 4 1 4.
Theodwyn � Daughter ofThengel King of Rohan, mother of
T01 Falas - (S.). Island in the Bay of. Belfalas close to Ethir
Eomer and Eowyn. Read UT 364. Anduin. Read UT 3 1 6.
Tol Galen - (S. ''The Green Isle")' Located in the river
Adurant in Ossiriand, where Beren and Luthien dwelt after their
return. Read Sil 1 23, 1 88, 234-5.
 T01 Morwen - (S.). Island in the sea after the drowning
ofBeleriand on which stood the memorial stone ofTurin,
Nienor, and Morwen. Read Si1 230.
T01 Sirion -(S.). Island in the river in the Pass ofSirion
on which Finrod built the tower of Minas Tirith; after its
capture by Sauron named Tol-in-Gaurhoth (S. "Isle of
Werewolves"). Read Sil 1 l 4, 1 20, 1 56, 1 72, 1 74; UT 54.
As Sauron's Isle, read UT 1 60.
T01 Uinen - (S.). Island in the Bay ofR6menna on the
east coast of Numenor. Read UT 1 76, 1 82.
Took -Name ofa family ofHobbits in the Westfarthing
of the Shire. Read LotR! 22, 30; LotRII 80, 252; LotRIII
357, 363; UT 33 1.
Trolls - (S. "Tereg;" sing. "Torog"). Morgoth bred the
first Trolls during the Great Darkness of the Elder Days
in mockery of Ents, giving his repulsive creations a
1 18 substance of stone, with comparable strength, hardness,
and intellect. The original Stone Trolls have over the ages
diversified into several other species, including Hill, Cave,
and Snow Trolls. Stone Trolls are still the most numerous
sort, ranging throughout the broken lands of Rhudaur.
Hill Trolls stalk the lower slopes ofthe Misty Mountains,
while Snow Trolls lurk amidst the upper peaks and
glaciers. Cave Trolls haunt the caverns beneath the moun­
tains. never venturing onto the surface of the world.
Trolls are a collossal race, 9-I I feet high, with thick
bodies and limbs, and tough hides of overlapping scales.
Most are greenish or grey, but the rare Snow Trolls are
white. Troll blood is black and steaming.
Immensely strong, their ferocity is terrifying, and in
battle Trolls are utterly fearless, attacking with crude
battering weapons or naked claws and fangs until victo­
rious or slain. Like common Orcs, Trolls can see at night
Uifang as though it were brightest day, and possess limited vision
even in absolute subterranean darkness, Cave Trolls being
the most perceptive. Principal Trollish handicaps are direct Tuna - The green hill in the Calacirya on which Tirion, the
sunlight, which transforms them back to lifeless stone, and city of the Elves, was built. Read Sil 59, 6 1 -3, 69, 72, 82, 85, 88,
phenomenal stupidity. Read LotRI 72; LotRII 83; LotRIII 1 23, 1 02, 1 15, 1 25, 248, 263, 2 78.
207. Tuor - The (only) Adan son of Huor and Rian, Tuor was
Trollshaws - (S. "Pinnath Tereg"). The hilly region of fostered by Annael (a Grey-elf of Mithrim). He spent his
Rhudaur that lies south ofthe rugged Coldfells, east ofthe river childhood years in the caves ofAndroth. Lorgan the Easterling
Hoarwell, west of the river Loudwater, and north of the gentle captured and enslaved him when he was only sixteen. Tuor
fells of the Angle. escaped and became an outlaw. Bearing the message of his
Tuile - The first season ("spring") in the loa. Read UT 32 7. guardian, the Vala Ulmo, Tuor entered Gondolin with the aid
Tulkas - A Vala, the "greatest in strength and deeds of of his Elf-friend, Voronwe. King Turgon refused to abandon
prowess," who came laSt to Arda; also called Astaldo (Q. "The the city, and Tuor took residence there. He wedded Idril,
Valiant"). Read Sil 25, 28-9, 35- 7, 48, 5 1, 66, 70-3, 77-8, 83. Turgon's daughter. He escaped the destruction of Gondolin,
Till P6ac - Major trade city located in southern Far Harad. taking flight with Idril their son Earendil. He later set sail for
A well-fortified hill settlement, Tul P6ac is on the highway Aman in his ship Eamlme. Read Sil 1 48, 1 98, 238-46, 249; UT
called the Camel Road, midway between Raj and Kirmlesra. 1 7-5 7, 68, 159, 1 6 1-2, 1 92, 2 1 5, 3 1 6- 1 7. For the Axe ofTuor,
see Dramborleg.
Tumhalad - (S.). Valley in the land between the rivers
Ginglith and Narog, where the host of Nargothrond was Turgon - Called the Wise; the second son ofFingolfin'; dwelt
defeated. Read SiI 2 1 2- 1 3; UT 155, 159. ' at Vinyamar in Nevrast before he departed in secret to Gondolin,
which he ruled until his death in the sack of the city; father of
Tumladen - (S. "The Wide Valley"). The hidden vale in the Idril the mother of Earendil. Read Si[ 60, 83, 89-90, 1 13, 1 15,
Encircling Mountains in the midst of which stood the City of 1 1 9, 1 25-6, l30-2, 134, 1 36-8, 1 54, 1 58-60, 1 82, 1 89-90,
Gondolin. (Tumladen was afterwards the name of a valley in 1 92-4, 1 96, 201, 227-8, 238-42, 244, 249, 254; UT 1 8, 22, 24,
Gondor: LotRIII 4 1 ). Read Sil 1 l5, 1 25, 134, 1 58, 1 82, 239-40, 26-30, 32, 33-40, 42-3, 45, 4 7, 49-56, 63, 66, 1 46, 1 60-1, 235,
243. 249, 400. Called the Hidden King, read UT 32.
Turin - Son of Hurin and Morwen; chief subject of the lay Umbar - (S. "Hollow Dwelling"). Port city and surrounding
named Narn i Hin Hurin from which a portion of QJ«nta coastal region located in Near Harad, across the Bay ofBelfalas
Silmarillion was derived. He was named many things by many from Gondor. Umbar's great firth and numerous smaller bays
people, including himself. The Elves in Nargothrond called provided havens for the Corsairs that raided Gondor's southern
him Adanedhel "Elf-Man," Finduilas named him Thurin "the flank. Founded in the Second Age by the Men of Numenor,
Secret," ballads created Dagnir Glaurunga "Glaurung's Bane," Umbar was been held by various groups at odds with the South
and the Men in Brethil called him Mormegil "Black Sword" on Kingdom: Black Numenoreans, Corsairs, and Haradrim. Read
account of his weapon when he led the host ofNargothrond, LotRlI 338; LotR111 42, 1 49; Sil 2 70; UT 242, 296, 3 1 2, 398,
and then Turambar "Master of Doom" or "Master of Dark 402.
Shadow." Turin named himself Agarwaen "Blood-stained" Undead - Beings whose bodies have died but whose spirits
when he came to Nargothrond, Gorthol "Dread Helm" as one have not yet departed from Arda, or creatures of Shadows who
of the two captains in Dor-Cuarthol, Neithan "the Wronged" remain tied to the mortal world as a result of some heinous
or "One Who is Deprived" among the outlaws, and "Wildman enchantment.
of the Woods" when he first came among the Men of Brethil.
Undeeps - The two great westward bends of Anduin, called
Read LotR1 355; LotRlI 428; Sil 1 48, l 70, 1 98-227, 230, 239; the Nqrth and South Undeeps, between the Brown Lands and
UT 3 7-8, 5 1-2, 54, Part I llpassim, 5 7-9, 86, 88-90, 92-4, l l O- the Wold of Rohan. Read UT 260, 289-90, 292, 296- 7, 299-
1 2, 124, 1 3 1, 134, 138; 1 40, 1 47, 1 55, 157, 1 6 1, 2 15, 387. 300, 3 1 4.
Two Trees ofValinor - Created by Yavanna's song ofpower, 1 19
Underking (in Rohan) - Read UT 369.
into which she put all her reverance for the things with roots in
Vner - ("Noman"). Term used by Ancalime when she first
the earth. Telperion, the Elder, shed silver light from his
refused to marry Hallacar son of Hallatan ofHyarastorni. Read
blossoms. Laurelin, the Younger, spilled golden rays from her
flowers. Read Si1 38, 46- 7, 52-3, 56, 58-9, 6 1, 66- 7, 7 1-2, 75-
UT 2 1 1.
6, 78, 95, 97- l O 1, l O3, 1 26, 233, 240, 244, 2 72; UT230, 232. Ungoliant ---:- The great spider, destroyer with Melk�r of the
Trees of Valmor. Shelob m Tbe Lord 0/ tbe Rings was , the last
U child ofUngoliant to trouble the unhappy world." Read LotRlI
Uinen - A Maia, the Lady ofthe Seas, spouse ofOsseo Read Sil 423; Sil 73-4, 76, 79-8 1, 89, 95, l O l, 1 2 1, 132, 1 64, 248; UT
30, 40, 58, 8 7; UT l 76, 1 78-9, 1 82-3, 2 1 4. 52, 232.
Uinendili - ("Lovers of Uinen"). Name given to the Union of Maedhros - The league formed by Maedhros to
NUmenorean Guild of Venturers. Read UT 1 76. defeat Morgoth that ended in the Nirnaeth Arnoediad. Read Sil
Ulbar -NUmenorean, a shepherd in the service ofHallatan of 1 88-9.
Hyarastorni who became a mariner of Tar-Aldarion. Read UT Vrime - (Q.). Quenya name of the eighth month acc�rding
1 95-8. For Ulbar's wife, read UT 1 98. to the Numenorean calendar, corresponding to August. Urui is
Uldor - Called the Accursed; son ofUlfang the Black; slain by the Sindarin Name. Read UT 302.
Maglor in the Nirnaeth Arnoediad. Read Sil 157, 1 90, 1 93-4, Urthel- One of the twelve companions of Barahir on
25 1; UT 89-90. Dorthonion. Read Sil 155.
Ulfang - Called the Black; a chieftain of the Easterlings, who Uruks - Anglicized form ofUruk-hai of the Black Speech, a
with his three sons followed Caranthir, and proved faithless in race of Orcs of great size and strength. Read LotRI 42 1; LotRlI
the Nirnaeth Arnoediad. Read Sil 157, 1 89, 1 93. 6 1, 441; LotR111 1 1 8, 256; UT 35 7-9, 361.
Ulfast - Son ofUlfang the Black, slain by the sons ofBor in Utumno - The first great stronghold ofMelkor, in the north
the Nirnaeth Arnoediad. Read Sil 157, 1 89, 1 93. of Middle-earth, destroyed by the Valar. Read Sil 36- 7, 4 1, 4 7,
UImo - A Vala, one of the Aratar, called Lord ofWaters and 50- I, 73, 8 1, 99, 1 1 8.
King of the Sea. The name was interpreted by the Eldar to mean v
"The Pourer" or the "The Rainer." Read esp. Sil 26- 7, 40. Read
Sil 1 9-20, 25-30, 40, 45, 5052, 5 7-9, 6 1, 66, 86, l O l, l O3, 1 1 4- Vaire - ("The Weaver"). One of the Valier, the spouse of
Namo Mandos. Read Sil 25, 28.
15, 1 1 9, 122-3, 1 25- 7, 1 55, 1 58, 1 96, 209, 2 1 2, 238-41, 243-
4, 347, 249; UT 20, 23, 28-34, 36-7, 39, 4 1, 43, 45, 5 1-4, 56, Valacar - Twentieth King of Gondor, whose marriage to
1 60-2. Called Dweller in (of) the Deep, (read UT 22, 28) and Vidumavi ofthe Northmen led to the civil war ofthe Kin-strife.
Lord of the Waters, read lJ£ 22, 28, 30, 32, 35, 39, 43, 45, 50, Read UT 3 1 1.
1 60. Valacirca - (Q. "The Sickle of the Valar")' Name of the
Ulrad - A member of the outlaw-band (Gaurwaith) that , constellation of the Great Bear. Read Sil 48, 1 74.
Turin joined. Read UT 86- 7, 89, 92-3, 97, l O3. Valandil [I] - Son ofSilmarien; first Lord of Andunie. Read
Ulumuri - The great horns of Ulmo made by the Maia UT I 73, 1 82, 1 89, 208, 2 15, 2 1 7, 2 1 9. Forthe wife ofValandil,
Salmar. Read Sil 2 7, 40, 5 7. read UT 1 82.
Ulwarth - Son of Ulfang the Black, slain by the sons of Bor Valandil [2] - Youngest son ofIsildur; third King of Arnor.
in the Nirnaeth Arnoediad. Read Sil 157, 1 93. Read LotR1 320; LotRlI 3 l O; Si1 295-6; UT 2 7 l, 27 7-8, 284-5.
Vmanyar - (Q.). Name given to those Elves who went on the Valaquenta - (Q. "Account �f the Valar"). A short work
westward journey from Cuivienen but did not reach Aman: treated as a separate entity from QJ«nta Silmaril/ion.
"Those not of Arnan," beside Amanyar "Those of Aman." Read
Si1 53, 56.
Vmarth - ("Ill-fate"). A fictitious name for his father given
out by Turin in N argothrond. Read Sil 2 l O.
 Valar - (Q. "Those with Power," "The Powers;" sing. Vilya - One of the Three Rings of the Elves, the Ring ofAir,
"Vala;" S. "Belain," sing. "Balan")' The greater of the Ainur (read UT 237), borne by Gil-galad and afterwards by Elrond;
who entered Ea as guardians and executors of Eru's vision. also called the Ring ofSapphire and the Blue Ring, read UT 239,
There were originally fifteen Valar; however Melkor (Morgoth) 256. Read LotRllI 38 1; Sil 288, 298; UT 239, 256.
fell from grace, leaving seven male and seven female Valar. The Vingilot - (Q. "VingiI6te," "Foam-flower"). The name of
eight called the Aratar are the mightiest. Morgoth's name was Earendil's ship; called Rothinzil in AdCmaic. Read Sil 246-7,
never again spoken by the Exalted, and he was counted as the 250, 252, 259-60.
greatest of the Great Enemies. The Valar are also known as the Vinyamar The house of Turgon in Nevrast under Mount
-

Mighty, the Exalted, the Great Ones, the Lords of Arda, the Taras. The meaning is probably "New Dwelling." Read Sil 1 15,
Guardians, the Lords ofValinor, the Lords ofthe West, and (by 1 1 9, 1 25, 130, 238-40; UT 26-8, 3 1, 46, 5 1-2, 54, 3 1 7.
the ignorant) the Gods. Read LotRll 340; LotRllI 1 3 7; UT 29,
34, 62, 1 56, 1 6 1, 1 78, 1 95, 22 1 -3, 389, 396; the Lords of Viresse - (Q.). Quenya name of the fourth month according
Valinor, (readSilpassim); readesp. 20- 1, 4 1, 74; UT30, 35, 38, 45- to the Numen6rean calendar, corresponding to April. Read UT
6, 53, 67, 1 55-6, 1 69, 1 74, 1 80- 1, 1 84, 1 8 7-8, 1 93, 1 95, 1 99, 1 8 7, 298-9.
20 1, 205, 2 1 4, 22 1-2, 229-32, 236, 24 1, 249-5 1, 253-4, 259, Void - That which is outside Existence (Ea).
304, 308-9, 389, 39 1-6. See also Ainur, Aratar. As the Powers, Voronwe - (''The Steadfast"). Elf of Gondolin, the only
read UT 62. mariner to survive from the seven ships sent into the West after
1 20 Valaroma - (Q.). The horns of the Vala Orome. Read Sil 29, the Nirnaeth Arnoediad; met with Tuor at Vinyamar and
4 1, 77, 95. guided him to Gondolin. Read Sil I 96, 239; UT 30-50, 553-5,
Valdicli - The seven oligarchs who dominate the Dominions 3 I 7. Also the name ofMardiI Steward ofGondor. Read UT 3 I 7.
or Seven Lands. Their union is called the Council of Seven. W
Among other sites, the Valdacli employ the exalted circle at Cor Wainriders - An Easterling people who invaded Gondor in
Minyadhras as their meeting place. the nineteenth and twentieth centuries of the Third Age. Read
Valier - (Q. "The Queens of the Valar;" sing. "Valie"). The UT 289-96, 3 1 1 - 13, 3 1 6.
seven female Valar, a term used only in the Valaquenta. Read Sil Walls of Night - The utterly black mountain girdle that
25, 2 7, 29. encircled Arda prior to its reformation in Second Age 3319.
Valinor- (Q. "Land ofthe Valar"). The land in eastern Aman These walls marked the edge ofthe world, and the only exit was
beyond the mountains of the Pel6ri which is the home of the the Doors of Night in the Farthest West. The Gates of
Valar, most ofthe Maiar, and the Vanyar Elves. Also called the Morning in the Farthest East served as the only entrance.
Guarded Realm, it lies west of Eldamar and its capital is Warg - Huge, enchanted Wolves first spawned by Morgoth.
Valimar. Read Lotli 309; LotRllI 3 1 1; Sil passim; read esp. 3 7-8, An evil race, they are unnaturally powerful but cursed. Their
102; UT 22, 29, 53, 76, 1 56, 1 68, 2 1 5, 230-3, 235, 253-4, 256, bodies disappear soon after they are slain and their spirits pass
266, 286, 395- 7. For "Valin6rean," read LotRllI 1 72; UT 394. into the Void. Read Lotli 388, 390.
For the Darkening of Valinor, read UT 29, 232. War of the Jewels - The wars of Beleriand fought by the
Valmar- (Q.). The city ofthe Valarin Valinor; the name also Noldor for the recovery of the Silmarils. Read UT 386.
occurs in the form Valimar. In Galadriel's lament in L6rien Watchful Peace The period lasting from T.A. 2063, when
-

(LotRll 489) Valimar is made equivalent to Valinor. Read Sil Sauron left Dol Guldur, until 2460, when he returned. Read UT
28-9, 38, 50, 55, 6 1, 65, 70-2, 74-6, 84, 1 02, 1 8 7, 148-9; UT 296, 3 13, 3 70, 406.
232.
Weather Hills - Hills in Eriador, of which Amon Sui
Vana - (Q.). One of the Valier, the sister of Yavanna and (Weathertop) was the southernmost. Read UT 2 1 4.
spouse of Oro me; called the Ever-young. Read Sil 25, 29-30, 99.
West, The - Northwestern Middle-earth, specifically the
Vanyar - (Q. "Fair Elves"). The first host ofthe Eldar on the area within which the events of The Hobbit and The Lord of the
westward journey from Cuivienen, led by Ingwe. All ofthem left Rings took place. Loosely, the area from Umbar northward and
Middle-earth and remained in Aman. The name (sing. Vanya) west of the eastern shores of the Sea of Rhun.
means "the Fair," referring to the golden hair ofthe Vanyar; see
Finarfin. Read Sil 40, 53-4, 57, 59-61, 64, 66, 75-6, 82, 98-9, Westfold - Region of Rohan, the slopes and fields between
1 02, 130, 136, 25 1, 254; UT 229-30. Thrihyrne (the peaks above the Hornburg) and Edoras. Read
UT356, 359-60, 362, 366, 368, 3 7 1 -3. For M!!SterofWestfold,
Vardamir - Called N6limon for his love of ancient learning; read LotRll I 68; LotRllI 59, 1 99; UT 367.
son of Elros Tar-Minyatur; accounted the Second Ruler of
Numenor although he did not ascend the throne. Read UT 2 1 7- West-gate - The western entry into Khazad-dilm; also called
20, 224-5. Durin's Gate, the Doors of Durin, the West Door, and the
Elven-Door. Composed ofthe mithril-based 1thildin (S. "Moon­
Vasa - (Q. "The Consumer"). A name for the Sun among the star"), it is only visible in starlight or moonlight and, even then,
Noldor. Read Sil 99. must be touched by one who utters the proper phrase. In order
Veantur - Cap tain of the King's Ships under Tar-Elendil; to gain passage, the Opening-word mellon (S. "Friend") must be
grandfather of Tar-Aldarion; commander of the first spoken. The West-gate looks out upon a small pool in the River
Numen6rean ship to return to Middle-earth. Read UT 1 7 1, Sirannon and faces Eregion.
1 73-5, 2 1 3, 2 1 9. Although built by the Dwarf Narvi, the Elf-smith
Venturers, Guild of The brotherhood of mariners formed
- Celebrimbor, King of Eregion, drew the words of its Gate­
by Tar-Aldarion. Read UT I 71, 1 76-8, 1 80, 1 82, 1 85-8, 1 90, inscription. They read: Ennyn Durin Aran Moria: pedo mellon a minno.
1 95, 206, 2 1 2, 2 1 4. Below there is the faint message: 1m Narvi hain echant: Celebrimboro
Vidugavia - ("Wood-dweller"). Northman, called King of Eregion reithant i thiw hin.
Rhovanion. Read UT 3 1 1. The Sindarin translates as: The Doors of Durin, Lord of Moria.
Vidumavi - ("Wood-maiden"). Daughter of Vidugavia; (Say) Speak,jriend, and enter; and: 1, Narvi, made them. Celebrimbor of
wedded Valacar King of Gondor. Read UT 3 1 1. Hollin drew these signs.
Westlands - OfNumenor, see Andustar. Referring to Middle­ Woodhall - A village in the Shire, at the foot of the Woody
earth, a very general expression, referring broadly to the lands End slopes. Read LotR! lO7; UT 352.
west of Anduin. Read UT 200, 239, 33 1, 390, 392. Woodland Realm - The Elven kingdom in Greenwood the
West-mark - The western half of Rohan in the military Great. Founded by King Oropher, the father ofThranduil, it is
organization of the Rohirrim (See East-mark). Read UT 359, ruled by Sinda Lords who left Eregion or L6rien and settled
367-9. For Muster ofthe West-mark, read UT3 6 9; for Marshal amongst the Silvan (Avar) Elves in the forest east ofthe Anduin.
of the West-mark, read UT 3 69. The majority of the realm's people, however, are Avari or Silvan
Westron - The common tongue of the North-west of Elves, and it is their culture that predominates.
Middle-earth, described in Appendix F to The Lord of the The Forest-folk of the Woodland Realm retreated northward
Rings, and represented by modern English. Read UT 3 1 3, 342, soon after the founding of their domain. King Oropher later
3 70, 399-400. As Common Speech, read LotRI 23, 80; LotRlI joined the Last Alliance of Men and Elves and marched on
4 1; LotRIll 46; UT 301, 304-5, 3 1 6, 3 1 9, 384, 400. Mordor. He perished during the first assault on Barad-dur. His
White Council - The deliberations of the Wise, meeting at son Thranduil then became King.
intervals from T.A. 2463 to 2953; usually referred to as the Even though Sauron was overthrown at the end of the Second
Council, formed to oppose Sauron. Read LotRI 72, 78; LotRlI Age and they enjoyed over a millenium of peace, the Wood­
96, 24 1; LotRIll 328; 5i1300-2; UT254, 322-3, 326, 330, 349- elves failed to reclaim the southern part ofthe forest. After T.A.
52, 354, 3 73, 404-6, 4 1 2. For a much earlier Council of the 1050 and the arrival of the Necromancer in Dol Guldur, their 121
Wise also called the White Council, read UT 239-40, 254. realm shrank further. By T.A. 2900, the Woodland Realm was
White Mountains - (S. "Ered Nimrais"). Snow-capped confined to northwestern Mirkwood. Read LotRlI 42.
mountains which run eastward from the Cape of Andrast and Woodmen - A distinct group of Northman clans who reside
end above Minas Anor (Minas Tirith), just west of the Anduin. in the depths of Mirkwood. They are a loose tribe of hunter/
The Paths of the Dead cross under the White Mountains gatherers who live in or below the trees as extended families.
between Harrowdale (on the north) and Erech (to the south). Their chief settlement is at Woodmen-town in southwestern
Alpine in character, the White Mountains rise to heights ofwell Mirkwood. Read UT 2 76. Also Dwellers in the woods south of
over I I ,000 feet. Read LotRI 338; LotRlI 363, 3 7l; LotRIll 24; Teiglin, harried by the Gaurwaith. Read UT 8 7, 90- 1, 1 4 7; or the
5i1 94; UT243, 300, 306. Translated as White Mountains, read Men of Brethil, read LotRI 9 1; UT l lO- 1 2, 1 22-6, 1 28.
LotRI 32 1; LotRlI 29; LotRIll 24, 78-9; UT 242-3, 260, 309, Worm - A term roughly corresponding to Drake or Dragon,
3 70-1, 383-4. but often used more generally to describe any powerful, serpen­
White Tree - See Telperion (White Tree of Valinor), tine creature.
Galathilion (White Tree ofT irion), Nimloth [ I ] (White Tree Y
of Numenor). The White Trees of Minas Ithil and Minas
Yavanna - (Q. "Giver of Fruits"). One of the Valier, num­
Anor. Read 5il 2 73, 2 76, 2 9 1, 293- 7, 304. For the White Tree
bered among the Aratar; the spouse ofAule; called also Kementan.
of ToI Eressea, see Celeborn [I].
Read esp. 5iI 2 7-8. Read 5il 25, 2 7-9, 35, 38-40, 45-7, 55, 59, 74,
Wight - A n undead spirit that inhabits and animates the 78-9, 8 1, 9 1, 98- l O0, l O4, 260, 263, 29 1; UT 3 4, 1 8 7, 235,
fallen bodies of others, taking their prey's form and using their 250, 393.
victim's physical power (while retaining their own magical
Yavannie - (Q.). Quenya name ofthe ninth month according
attributes).
to the Numen6rean calendar, corresponding to September.
Wild Elves - Mim's term for Dark Elves (Avari). Read UT Ivanneth is the sindarin name. Read UT 27 l -2,279.
l O3. Year ofLamentation - The year of the Nirnaeth Arnoediad.
Wild Lands - Term used in Rohan for the lands west of the Read 5il 126, 1 98; UT l 7, 70, 75.
Gap. Read UT 3 70.
Yellow Mountains - (Q. "Orolanari;" S. "Ered Laranor;" K.
Wild Men - The Druedain. Or a general term for Easterling "Mablad;" DR. "Manjano Malimavi") Also called the Moun­
Men from beyond Anduin, readLotRll 364; LotRlli 128-33; UT tains of the South, these peaks extend across the southern part
259. of Middle-earth. In the early days of Arda, before the changes,
Wilwarin - (Q.). Name of a constellation. The word meant these peaks comprised the southern range of the three mountain
"butterfly" in Quenya, and the constellation was perhaps chains in the East.
Cassiopeia. Read 5il 48. Known for their yellowish, loam-producing rock and their
Wise, The - The Istari and the greatest Eldar of Middle­ myriad ecosystems, the Orolanari run eastward from the cape of
earth. ReadLotRI20, 78;LotRIll l 1 2, 380; UT338-9, 344, 349. Sare and bend across south-central and southwestern Middle­
See White Council. earth. Minyadhras, the westernmost and southernmost peak in
Witch-king - The Numen6rean Prince who was the first the range, rises near the cape called Metharn (S. "South's End;"
among Men to accept a Ring of Power from Sauron. Ofall nine Q. "Hyarnumente," "Mentelanari") at the southwestern tip of
Ringwraiths, he possessed the greatest power of independent the middle continent.
action. Read LotRI 25; LotRIll l 1 2; UT 3 13, 343-4, 346, 348, The Yellow Mountains separate the hilly, humid realms along
353-4. Called also Chieftain of the Ringwraiths (read UT 33 8), Endor's southern coasts from the drier reaches ofFar Harad and
the (Black) Captain (read LotRI 346; LotRIll 1 l O; UT 34 1, 348, the neighboring lands ofIsra, Chennacatt, Ciryatandor, Hyarn,
352, 354), Lord of Morgul (read LotRI 29 1; LotRlI 401; UT Elorna, Miredor, and Drel. Alpine in character, they rise to
338-41, 353), and the Lord of the NazgCil (read UT 295, 340). heights well over 10,000 feet. Their higher peaks are snow­
Wold - A region of Rohan, the northern parr of the East capped year round.
emnet (Anglo-Saxon emnet "plain"). Read LotRlI 38, 94; UT Yestare - The first day of the Elvish solar year (loa). Read UT
299-301, 338-9, 368. 32 7.
Wolf-folk - Name given to the Easterlings of Dor-16min. Z
Read UT 1 09. Zamin - Old woman in the service of Erendis.
Wolfriders - Orcs or Ore-like beings mounted on wolves.
Read UT 357-8, 363, 365.
 1 3.2 REFERENCE Black Land - Mordor Elende - Eldamar

GUIDE Black Riders - NazgUl

.
Elendili - Faithful

Since the glossary in section 1 3.1 Blacksword, Black Sword - Elenna -- Numenor
lists concepts according to their most Mormegil Elenclri - Elbereth
common labels, you may need this Blessed Realm - Aman Elentirmo - Tar-Meneldur
guide to cross-reference equivalent Blue Mountains - Ered Luin Elerrina - Taniquetil
terms. Blue Ring - Vilya Elestirne - Erendis
Blue Wizards - Ithryn Luin Elfstone - Elessar
Adanedhel - Turin
Bough of Return - Oiolaire Elu - Elwe
Aftercomers - Atani
Bragollach - Dagor Bragollach Eluchil - Dior
Agarwaen - Turin
Brandywine - Baranduin Elvenhome - Eldamar
Agathurush - Gwathl6
Bridge of Esgalduin - lant laur Emerwen Aranel - Tar-Ancalime
Aiwendel - Radagast
Camlost - Beren Emyn Duir - Emyn-nu-Fuin
Alatar - Ithryn Luin
1 22 Celebrindal - Idril Encircling Mountains - Echoriath
Alea)clriel - Galadriel
Ceveth - Cermie Engwar - Atani
Aldarion - Tar-Aldarion
Children of Aule - Dwarves Entwood - Fangom Forest
Aldaron - Orome
Children of Earth - Children of Eorlings - Rohirrim
Amon Amarth - Orodruin Iluvatar
Erchamion - Beren
Amon Anwar - Halifirien Cirith Duath - Cirith Ungol
Ered Engrin - Iron Mountains
Amon Uilos - Oiolosse Cirith Forn en Andrath - High Pass
Ered Lindon - Ered Luin
Amrod - Amras Common Speech - Westron
Ered Nimrais - White Mountains
Anadune - Numenor Corollaire - Ezellohar
Ereinion - Gil-galad
Andor - Numenor Culurien - Laurelin
Eressea - T01 Eressea
Anfauglir - Carcharoth Curufinwe - Feanor
Eryn Galen - Greenwood the Great
Angren - Isen Curumo - Saruman
Eryn Lasgalen - Mirkwood
Angrenost - Isengard Curunir - Saruman
Ethraid Engrin - Fords of Isen
Anor - Minas Tirith Cuthalion - Beleg
Evendim - Nenuial
Anwar - Halifirien Dagnir Glaurunga - Turin
Evermind - Alfirin
Apan6nar -Atani Dark Lands - Middle-earth
Faelivrin - Finduilas
Aradan - Malach Dark Plague - Great Plague
Fair Folk - Eldar
Arandur - Stewards of Gondor Deathless Lands - Aman
Falastur - Tarannon
Aranel - Dior Deer's Leap - Cabed-en-Aras
Falmari - Teleri
Ar-Inziladun - Tar-Palantir Delduwath - Dorthonion
Faroth - Taur-en-Faroth
Artanis - Galadriel Dimrill Dale - Azanulbizar
Firienholt - Firien Wood
Artano - Annatar Dimrost - Nen Girith
Firimar - Atani
Ar-Zimraphel - Miriel [2] Dor Caranthir - Thargelion
Firth of Drengist - Drengist
Astaldo - Tulkas Dor-nu-Fauglith - Anfauglith
Followers, The - Atani
Atalante - Akallaberh Druath - Druedain
Ford of Stones - Sam Athrad
Atanamir - Tar-Atanamir Dungortheb - Nan Dungortheb.
Fords of Aros - Arossiach
Atanaclri - Atani Dwarrowdelf - Moria
Forest Road - Roads
Athrad Angren - Fords of Isen Dweller in/of the Deep - Ulrno
Forsaken Elves - Eglath
Aulendil - Annatar Dwimordene - L6rien [2]
Gabilgathol - Belegost
Barazinbar - Caradhras Echoing Mountains - Ered L6min
Gate of the Noldor - Annon-in-
Battle Plain - Dagorlad Eilenaer - Halifirien Gelydh
Bauglir - Morgoth Ethel Ivrin - Ivrin Gates of Mordor - Morannon
Beornings - Beijarbar Ekkaia - Encircling Sea Gil-Estel - Earendil
Black Captain - Witch-king Eldalie - Eldar Gimilzor - Ar-Gimilzor
Black Easterling - Khamul Elder Children - Children of Iluvatar Girithron - Ringare
Black Gate - Morannon Eledhrim - Edhelrim Glaernscrafu - Aglarond
Black King - Morgoth Eledhwen - Morwen [ I ] Glarnhoth - Orcs
Glanhir - Mering Stream Hithui - Hlsime Mar-nu-Falrnar - Numenor
Glornan - L6rien [2] Hoarwell - Mitheithel Master of Doom - Turin
Golden Tree (of Valinor) - Laurelin Hollin - Eregion Melkor - Morgoth
Golden Wood - L6rien [2] Hollowbold - Nogrod Men - Atani
Gonnhirrim - Dwarves Holy Mountain - Taniquetil, Meneldur - Tar-Meneldur
Gorthaur - Sauron Meneltarrna Men of the Sea - Numen6reans
Gorthol - Turin Iluvatar - Eru Meres of Twilight - Aelin-uial
Great Captain - Tar-Aldarion Indnus - Gandalf Mickleburg - Belegost
Great Haven - Lond Daer Incomers - Easterlings, Brodda Minalcar - R6mendacil II
Great Isle - Numenor Inglor - Finrod Minas Anor - Minas Tirith [2]
Great Lands - Middle-earth Inziladun - Tar-Palantir Minastir - Tar-Minastir
Great Middle Haven - Lond Daer Irimon - Tar-Meneldur Mirdain - Gwaith-i-Mlrdain
Great Mound - Haudh-en-Ndengin Isle of Kings - Numenor. Mithrandir - Gandalf
Great River - Anduin Isle of Westernesse - Numenor. Morgul - Minas Morgul 123
Grey-elven tongue - Sindarin Ivanneth - Yavannie Morgul, Lord of - Witch-king
Grey-elves - Sindar Kemenciri - Yavanna Moriquendi - Dark Elves
Greyflood - Gwathl6 Khazad - Dwarves Mound of the Elf-maid - Haudh-en-
Grey Havens - Mithlond Kings of Men - Numen6reans Elleth

Greyharne - Gandalf Labadal - Sad�r Mount Doom - Amon Amarth

Greyrnantle - Thingol Lady of Dor-16rnin - Morwe.n Mourning - Nienor

Grey Messenger - Gandalf Lady of the Golden Wood - Mundburg - Minas Tirith
Galadriel Music of the Ainur - Ainulindale
Grey Mountains - Ered Mithrin
Lady of the Noldor - Galadriel Nanduhirion - Azanulbizar
Grey Pilgrim - Gandalf
Lady of the Westlands - Erendis Nan Laur - L6rien [2]
Grinding Ice - Helcaraxe
Laiquendi - Green-elves Narbeleth - Narquelie
Guarded Plain - Talath Dirnen
Land of Shadow - Mordor Narwain - Narvinye
Guarded Realm - Valinor, Doriath
Land of the Star - Numenor Naugrim - Dwarves
Guild of Venturers - Venturers
Land of WilIows - Nan-tathren Necklace of the Dwarves -
Gwaithir - Gwathl6
Langflood - Anduin Nauglamir
Gwirith - Vlresse
�Langstrand - Anfalas Neithan - Turin
Hadhodrond - Moria
Lindar - Te1eri Nenedain - Northmen
Halflings - Hobbits
Little People - Hobbits Nerwen - Galadriel
Haradwaith - Haradrim
Loeg Ningloron - Gladden Fields Nibin-noeg - Petty-dwarves
Haudh-en Nirnaeth - Haudh-en-
Ndengin L6rnion - Maeglin Nine, The - Nazgfrl

Helm of Hador - Dragon-helm of Lonely Isle - T01 Eressea Nfniel - Nienor

Dor-16min Lonely Mountain - Erebor Ninquel6te - Telperion
Heren Istarion - Istari Lord of Dor-16rnin - Dor-16min Nfnui - Nenime
Herucalmo - Tar-Anducal Lord of Morgul - Witch-king Noeg Echor - Rammas Echor
HerunUrnen - Ar-Adunakhor Lord ofWaters - Ulrno Noegyth Nibin - Petty-dwarves
Hidden City - Gondolin Lords of Andunie - Andunie Nogothrim - Dwarves
High Elves - Eldar Lords of the West - Valar N6limon - Vardamir
High-elven - Quenya LOrindol - Hador North Kingdom - Arnor
High Faroth - Taur-en-Faroth Lothl6rien - L6rien [2] Northern Fields - Field of Celebrant
High Speech - Quenya Lothron - L6tesse Northern Waste - Forodwaith
Hildor - Atani Loudwater - Bruinen Northlands (of NUrnenor) -
Hill of Anwar - Halifirien Mahal - Aule Forostar

Hili of Awe - Halifirien Malgalad - Amdlr North-South Road - Roads

Hfsil6me - Hithlum Malinalda - Laurelin N6rui - Narie

Hithaeglir - Misty Mountains Malinorne - Mallorn Nulukkizdin - Nargothrond

Hither Lands - Middle-earth Mamandil - Hallacaro

 Nurufantur - Namo Singollo - Sindar, Thingol Towers of the Teeth - Morannon
Oghor-hai - Druedain Sir Angren - Angren Treebeard - Fangorn
Old Forest Road - Roads Sir Ninglor - Gladden River Tree of ToI Eressea - Celeborn [ I ]
Old PUkel-land - Druwaith Iaur Smeagol - Gollum Tumunzahar - Nogrod
Olofantur - Irmo Southern Realm - Gondor Turambar - Turin
0l6rin - Gandalf Spyhill - Amon Ethir Tilr Haretha - Haudh-en-Arwen
Ondolinde - Gondolin Star (of Eirendil) - Earendil Turuphanto - Hirilonde
Onodl6 - Entwash Star of Elendil - Elendilmir Twilight Meres - Aelin-uial
Onodrim - Ents Star of the North - Elendilmir Two Kindreds - Children of Iluvatar
Order of Wizards - Istari Stone of Earendil - Elessar [ I ] Two Kingdoms - Kingdoms of the
Outer Lands - Middle-earth Stones, the - Palanttri DUnedain
Outer Sea - Ekkaia Strider - Aragorn Tyrn Gorthad - Barrow-downs

Pallando - Ithryn Luin Strongbow - Beleg Udalraph - Borondir

1 24 Parmaite - Tar-Elendi! Sulimo - Manwe Uilos - Allirin

Parth Celebrant - Field of Celebrant Surion - Tar-Surion Uineniel - Erendis

Pass of Imladris - High Pass Suthburg - Hornburg Ulairi - Ringwraiths

People of Haleth - Haladin Swanfleet - Nin-in-Eilph Umbardacil - Telumehtar

Periannath - Hobbits Swanhaven - Alqualonde Urui - Drime

Pharazon - Ar-Pharazon Swarthy Men - Easterlings Urul6ki - Dragon

Pillar, The - Meneltarma Talan - Flet Urwen - Lalaith

Pippin - Peregrine Took Talath Rhunen - Thargelion Valaraukar - Balrog

Ramdal - Andram Tar-Ardamin - Ar-Abbattarik Valimar - Valmar

Ras Morthil - Andrast Tar-Calion - Ar-Pharazon Valley of the Tombs - Noirinan

Rathl6riel - Ascar Tar-Calmacil - Ar-Belzagar Varda - Elbereth

Realms in Exile - Kingdoms of the Tar-Elestirne - Erendis Vardarianna - Nessamelda

Dunedain Tar-Falassion - Ar-Sakalthor Vinyalonde - Lond Daer
Redhorn Gate - Cirith Caradhras Tar-HerunUmen - Ar-AdUnakhor War of the Ring - Rings of Power
Red Ring, The - Narya Tar-Hostamir - Ar-Zimrathon Weathertop - Amon Sal
Riddermark - Mark, The Tar-Minyatur - Elros Westernesse - Numenor
Ring of Doom - Mahanaxar Tar-Miriel - Mfriel [2] Whispering Wood - Firien Wood
Ring-wraiths - Nazglil Tar-Telemnar - Ar-Gimilzor White Lady - Galadriel, Erendis
Rivendell - Imladris Tarostar - R6mendacil I White Messenger - Saruman
Rochan - Rohan Taur-e-Ndaedelos - Mirkwood White Mountain - Taniquetil
R6g - Druedain Taur-nu-Fuin - Dorthonion, Wildman of the Woods - Turin
Rcithinzil - Vingi!ot Mirkwood Witnesses of Manwe - Eagles
Royal Road - Roads Tauron - Orome Wizards - Istari
Ru, Ruatan - Druedain Tawar-in-Droedain - Druadan W01£ The - Carcharoth
Running. River - Celduin Forest Wolf-men - Gaurwaith
Secondborn, The - Atani Tawarwaith - Silvan Elves Woodland Elves - Silvan Elves
Seeing Stones - Palanttri Teleporno - Celeborn [2] Wood of Anwar - Firien Wood
Serinde - Mfriel [ I ] Thalion - Hurin . Wormtongue - Grima
Seven Stones - Palanttri TharkUn - Gandalf Woses - Druedain
Shadowy Isles - Enchanted Isles Thorongil - Aragorn Yavannamire - Nessamelda
Shadowy Mountains - Ered Wethrin Thousand Caves - Menegroth Yozayan - Numenor
Sharbhund - Amon Rudh Thurin - Turin

Sickle of the Valar - Valacirca Tintalle - Elbereth

Silpion - Telperion Tinuviel - Luthien

Silverlode - Celebrant Tol-in-Gaurhoth - T01 Sirion

Simbelmyne - Alfirin Tower Hills - Emyn Beraid

1 4.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY Foster, Robert. The Complete Guide to Middle-earth. New York:
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Use the following list of references as tool for learning Robert Foster.
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Carpenter, Humphrey. The Inklings. London: George Allen & Lewis, Henry, J.B. Foreman ed. Collins-Spurrell Welsh
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Co., Inc. 1980. Text Copyright © 1980 by Alberto
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Ungar, 1981. Copyright © 1 98 1 by Katharyn F. & Orpen Dennys Ltd.
Crabbe.
Noel, Ruth S. The Languages of Middle-earth. Baltimore:
Day, David. A Tolkien Bestiary. New York: Ballantine Books, Mirage Press, 1974. Copyright © 1974 by Ruth Noel.
1979. Copyright © 1 979 by Mitchell Beazley
______ . The Languages of Tolkien's Middle-earth.
Publishers Ltd.
Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1980. Copyright ©
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Lausanne: Editions Berlitz, 1981. Copyright © 1 974
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by Editions Berlitz.
Books 1979. Copyright © 1 973, 1979 by J.B. Post.
Fonstad, Karen Wynn. The Atlas of Middle-earth. Boston:
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Houghton Mifflin Co., 1981. Copyright © 1981 by
Rings. New York: Warner Books 1976. Copyright ©
Karen Wynn Fonstad.
1968 by Henry Regnery Co. '
______ . The Atlas of Middle-earth (Revised Edition).
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English Gaelic Dictionary. Glascow: Mingulay
1 99 1 by Karen Wynn Fonstad.t
Publications, 1979. Copyright © 1 979 by Mingulay
Publications. <
 Shippey, T.A. The Road to Middle-earth. London: George ______ . Pictures by J.R.R. Tolkien. Boston: Houghton
Allen & Unwin (Publishers) Ltd., 1982. Copyright © Mifflin Co., 1 979. Copyright © 1 979 by George Allen
T.A. Shippey. & Unwin Ltd.t
Strachey, Barbara. Journeys oj Frodo. New York: Ballantine ______ . The Return oj the King. Boston: Houghton
Books, 1981. Copyright © 1981 by Barbara Strachey. Mifflin Co., 1977. Copyright © 1 955, 1965 by J.R.R.
Sweet, Henry; Davis, Nonnan, ed. Sweet's Anglos-Saxon Tolkien. Copyright © renewed 1 983 by Christopher
Primer. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984. R. Tolkien, Michael HR. Tolkien, John F.R. Tolkien,
Copyright © 1 882 by Henry Sweet. and Priscilla M.A.R. Tolkien. t

Thomas, Gwyn; Kevin Crossley-Holland. Tales From the ______ ; (edited by) Christopher Reuel Tolkien. The
Mabinogion. London: Victor Gollancz Limited, 1984. Return oj the Shadow. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.,
Copyright © 1984 by Welsh Arts Council. 1988. Copyright © 1 988 by Frank Richard
Williamson and Christopher Reuel Tolkien as
Tolkien, John Ronald Reuel. The Adventures oj Tom Bombadil.
Executors of the Estate of J.R.R. Tolkien.
Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1978. Copyright ©
1962 by George Allen & Unwin (Publishers) Ltd. ______ ; (edited by) Christopher Reuel Tolkien. The
1 26 ______ ; (edited by) Christopher Reuel Tolkien. The
Shaping oj Middle-earth. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.,
1 986. Copyright © 1 986 by Frank Richard
Book ojLost Tales, Part 1.
London: George Allen &
Williamson and Christopher Reuel Tolkien as
Unwin (Publishers) Ltd., 1983. Copyright © 1 983
Executors of the Estate of J.R.R. Tolkien.t
George Allen & Unwin (Publishers) Ltd.
______ , The Silmarillion, Boston: Houghton Mifflin
______ ; (edited by) Christopher Reuel Tolkien. The
Co., 1977. Copyright © 1 977 by George Allen &
Book oj Lost Tales, Part II. London: George Allen &
Unwin (Publishers) Ltd.t
Unwin (Publishers) Ltd., 1 984. Copyright © 1984
George Allen & Unwin (Publishers) Ltd. ______ , trans.; (edited by) Christopher Reuel
Tolkien. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Pearl and Sir
______. Farmer Giles oj Ham. London: Unwin
Orfeo. London: Unwin Paperpacks, 1 985. Copyright ©
Paperpacks, 1 984. Copyright © 1 949, 1961, 1975,
1975, 1 979 by George Allen & Unwin (Publishers)
1 983 by George Allen & Unwin (Publishers) Ltd.
Ltd.
______ . The Father Christmas Letters. Boston:
______. Smith oj Wootton Major and Letif By Niggle.
Houghton Mifflin Co., 1979. Copyright © 1 976 by
London: Unwin Paperpacks, 1 983. Copyright ©
George Allen & Unwin (Publishers) Ltd.
1964, 1 967, 1 975,1983 by George Allen & Unwin
_____'_. The Fellowship oj the Ring. Boston: Houghton (Publishers) Ltd.
Mifflin Co., 1 975. Copyright © 1 955, 1 965 by J.R.R.
______ ' The Tolkien Reader. New York: Ballantine
Tolkien. Copyright © renewed 1 982 by Christopher
Books, 1 976. Copyright 1966 by J.R.R. Tolkien.
R. Tolkien, Michael HR. Tolkien, John F.R. Tolkien,
and Priscilla M.A.R. Tolkien.t ______ ; (edited by) Christopher Reuel Tolkien.
Treason oj Isengard. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.,
______ ; (edited by) Alan Bliss. Finn and Hengist,
1 989. Copyright © 1 989 by Frank Richard
Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1983. Copyright ©
Williamson and Christopher Reuel Tolkien as
1 982 by the Executors of the Estates of J.R.R. Tolkien
Executors of the Estate of J.R.R. Tolkien.
and Professor Alan Bliss.
______ . Tree and Leaf. Boston: Houghton and
______ . The Hobbit. Revised Edition. New York:
Mifflin Co. 1 965. Copyright © 1 964 by George Allen
Ballantine Books, 1966. Copyright © 1 937, 1938,
& Unwin (Publishers) Ltd.
1 966 by J.R.R. Tolkien.t
______ . The Two Towers, Boston: Houghton Mifflin
______. J.R.R. ToWen: "The Hobbit" Drawings,
Co., 1965. Copyright © 1954, 1965 by J.R.R.
Watercolors, and Manuscripts. Milwaukee, Wisconsin:
Tolkien. Copyright © renewed 1982 by Christopher
Patrick & Beatrice Haggerty Museum of Art,
R. Tolkien, Michael HR. Tolkien, John F.R. Tolkien,
Marquette University, 1987. Catalogue Copyright ©
and Priscilla M.A.R. Tolkien.t
1987 Marquette University. Manuscripts and
Illustrations © individually. Presentation in agreement ______ . Utifinished Tales. Boston: Houghton Mifflin
with the Estate ofJ.R.R. Tolkien and the Bodleian Co., 1980. Copyright © 1980 by George Allen &
Library, Oxford. Unwin Ltd.t

______ ; (edited by) Christopher Reuel Tolkien. The ______ and Donald Swann. The Road Goes Ever On:
Lost Road and Other Writings, Boston: Houghton Mifflin A Song Cycle, 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.,
Co., 1987. Copyright © 1987 by Frank Richard 1978. Text Copyright © 1962, 1 978 by George Allen
Williamson and Christopher Reuel Tolkien as & Unwin Ltd; Music Copyright © 1 967, 1978 by
Executors of the Estate ofJ.R.R. Tolkien.t Donald Swann; Copyright © 1967 by J.R.R. Tolkien.
Traditional (various translations). The Eltkr Edda. t Mytblore: A quarterly journal ofJ.R.R. Tolkien, C.S.Lewis,
Turville-Petre, G.. Origins oj Icelandic Literature. Oxford: Charles Williams, and the Genres of Myth and Fantasy
Oxford University Press. Copyright © 1 984 by G. Studies edited by Glen H. Goodknight and published
Turville-Petre. by The Mythopoeic Society, 383 E. Poppyfields,
Altadena, CA 9 1 001 (send orders to P.O. Box 6707,
Tyler, J.E.A .. The New Tolkien Companion. New York: Avon
Altadena, CA 9 1 003).
Books, 1 978. Copyright © 1 976, 1978 by J.E.A.
Tyler. OiOrin: A bi-monthly journal devoted to the studies of the
works ofJ.R.R. Tolkien edited by Johan Soderberg,
Whitney, Arthur H.. Finnisb. New York: David McKay
Jattens vag 7, 746 95 BaIsta, Sweden.
Company, 1 9 8 1 . Copyright © 1 956 by Hodder and
Stoughton Ltd. Orcrist: A journal of fantasy in the arts (sometimes merged
with the Tolkien Journa0 published as The Bulletin of the
PERIODICALS** University of Wisconsin J.R.R. Tolkien Society,
Amon Hen: A journal of the Tolkien Society (British), c/o Madison, Wisconsin.
Chris Oakley, Flat 5, 357 High Street, Cheltenham, Palant{ren: A journal published by the Forodrim (Swedish
Glos. GL50 3HT United Kingdom. Tolkien Society) and edited by Anders Stenstrom
127
Anor: The journal of the Cambridge Tolkien Society, c/o Beregond, Stiernhielmsgatan 5B 753 33 Uppsala,
Steve Linley, 26 Guest Road, Cambridge CBI 2AL, Sweden.
United Kingdom. Parma Eldalamberon: A journal of linguistic studies of fantasy
Arda: An annual of studies of the world created by J.R.R. literature edited and published by Christopher Gilson,
Tolkien published by Anders Stenstrom Beregond and 300 North Civic Drive #304, Walnut Creek, CA
the Forodrim (Swedish Tolkien Society), c/o 94596.t
Forodrim, Stiernhielmsgatan 5B 753 33 Uppsala, Q}ttttar: The journal of the Linguistic Fellowship of the
Sweden. (British) Tolkien Society, c/o Christina Scull, I A
Ardalindl: A journal of the National Tolkien League Colestown Street, London SWI I 3EH, United
(formerly entitled Frodo Fortnightly), c/o Louis Epstein, Kingdom.t
RD 2, Carmel, NY 1 05 I 2. The Riventkll Review: The journal of the American Hobbit
Beyond Bree: A journal of the Mensa Society's Tolkien Association edited by Renee (Arwen) Alper, 730 F
Special Interest Group Society edited by Nancy Northland Road, Forest Park, OH 45240.
Martsch, P.O. Box 55372, Sherman Oaks, CA 9 1 433. Tolkien Journal: A journal of the Tolkien Society of America
Ring Bearer: The journal of the Inner Ring, which is (sometimes merged with Orcrist) edited by Ed Meskys,
associated with the Department of English at the Moultonboro Road, Center Harbor, NH 03266.
University of Queensland and administered by Kath Vinyar Tengwar: A journal of Elvish Linguistic Fellowship
Filmer, St. Lucia, Queensland 4068 Australia. (ELF) edited Carl F. Hostetter, 2509 Ambling Circle,
Mallorn: A journal of the Tolkien Society (British),
c/o Crofton, MD 2I I I4.t
Chris Oakley, Flat 5, 357 High Street, Cheltenham,
Glos. GL50 3HT United Kingdom.
t Of special value.
Minas Tiritb Evening-Star: The Journal (Incorporating Mytbos) '" Publication unauthorized.
of the American Tolkien Society, P.O. Box 373, "''''In whole or part in English.
Highland, MI 4803 1 -0373.
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