Islamic university of Lebanon

Faculty of engineering
Department of civil engineering

LAB RC II

Organized by: hasan awwad

ID:45669

www.iul.edu.lb December 2018

IUL
0
IUL
1
First of all, I would like to thank the whole teaching team
of the faculty of engineering and the professional
responsible for the formation of my report, for having
provided the practical part of my studies.

I thank doctor hasan awada for the help and advice on the
missions mentioned in this report, which he brought me
during the various follow-ups.

IUL
2
INTRODUCTION

civil engineers create, improve and protect the environment in which we live.
They plan, design and oversee construction and maintenance of building
structures and infrastructure, such as roads, railways, airports, bridges,
harbours, dams, irrigation projects, power plants, and water and sewerage
systems. They also design and build tall buildings and large structures that can
withstand all weather conditions.

Generally, civil engineers fall into two types: consulting engineers and
contracting engineers. Consultants are responsible for the design work of
projects and work predominantly in an office. Contractors then take the
designs and implement them during construction. Contractors work on site,
managing the construction of the structure.

 The main purpose of this project is to understand the work and design
methodology of a reinforced concrete building starting with the
columns, the determination of their sections and their reinforcement
then by designing the beams, first determining the moments acting on
them and then determining the proper sections and frames; Finally by
designing the foundations of the building.
 Our building is composed of 7 floors + ground floor; all the floors are
similar in terms of their division and height, except the DRC which has a
height of 4.5 m.
 The slab of our building is a ribbed slab in one direction (one-way ribbed
slab)
 We take into account a compressive strength of the concrete f'c of
350kg / cm², a bearing capacity of the soil of 3.5 kg / cm² and a load
variable of living (Live load) of 300kg / m
 This document is a summary of design and calculation techniques and is
divided into several chapters, poles; foundations and beams.

IUL
3
 Chapter 1 : general
Calculate the thickness of the slab :

Determining slab thickness is one of the first tasks we do because this is an essential
variable in the calculation of loads on ribs, beams, columns and foundations.

The thickness of the slab depends on the maximum range (clear distance between two
beams) that we have on our plan, indeed for the same thickness, a longer range leads to a
greater deflection. In order to choose a thickness without having to calculate the deflection
in the slab, we use the table below given by the code ACI

Simply supported One end continuous Both ends continuous Cantilever

Solid one-way slabs L L L L

20 24 28 10
Beam or ribbed L L L L
slabs 16 18.5 21 8
The image opposite shows the largest range on the map.

We are in the second case of the "one end continuous" table with

L≈380cm.

L 380
h= = =20.54 cm
18.5 18.5

we choose to work with a slab 25cm

thick , hourdi 18cm and 7 cm of
concrete.

Calculation of the loads applied on the slab

We have a ribbed slab supporting loads in one direction. The expenses borne by it are
distributed as follows:

IUL
4
A rib supports the following loads.

 g1=( 0.57 m∗0.25 m−0.4 m∗0.18 m )∗2500 kg /m3 +5 blocks/ m∗14 kg=246.25 kg
 g2=200 kg/m 2∗0.57 m=114 kg /m
 L (live load )=300 kg /m 2∗0.57m =171 kg/m
There is thus a set of charges on a rib.

g1 + g2 + L=246.25+114 kg /m+171 kg / m=531.25 kg/m

To this set of loads we can add the partitions up to 100kg / m² so we have

W s=D+ L=531.25 kg/m+100 kg /m2∗0.57 m=588.25 kg /m

Ws rib = 0.59t / m

A beam supported the following loads.

g 1 + g 2+ L
D+ L= ( 0.57 m ) 3 2
∗0.75+(0.25 m∗2500 kg /m +300 k g /m )∗0.25=980.26 kg /m
2

Ws=D+ L=880.26+ Partition=980.26+100=1080.26 kg /m2

Ws beam = 1.08t / m²

A column supports the following charges.

We are in a case of dwelling without basement, we calculate then the charges on the column in this
way

P=∝∗S ( m2 ) +1.2
( mt )∗E ( m )+ 0.75 ( mt )∗C ( m) +0.2+0.25 ( mt )∗P ( m )+ 0.25( mt )∗A(m ²)
2
2
2

g1+ g 2+ L
∝=D+ L= ( 0.57 m )
∗0.75+(0.25m∗2500 kg /m3 +300 k g/m2)∗0.25=980.26 kg/m2

S = slab surface supported by a post (m²)

A = attic surface supported by a pole (m²)

E = stairway surface supported by a post (m²)

P = Porch edge length supported by a post (m)

C = Partition length supported by a pole (m)

For C we have: For a 15cm thick wall multiply C by 1.33

For a 20cm thick wall multiply C by 1.66, If you meet a door take 0.33 * C

If we meet a window take 0.5 * C

IUL
5
 Chapter 2: Column Design
A column is a structural member of a structure on which the loads of the superstructure are
concentrated in a specific manner via a network of beams or slabs of a higher level and
through which these loads are distributed to the infrastructures (foundations) of this
structure. work. On our project each floor includes 21 column, in order to reduce the
number of sections used, we will after having obtained all the service charges on all the
posts, group the posts whose charges are close under the same section while doing the
design on the maximum load between column loads.

Grouping of column
The columns are grouped according to the results in the following table

Columns
P1 - P10
P16-P18-P21
P2-P5-P6-P12-P19-P20
P3-P4-P7-P8-P11-P13-P14-P17
P9-P15

IUL
6
Column design

On the ground floor, we have a ceiling height of 4.5m, the columns on this floor are subject
to buckling, for this we determine a minimum width that the post must have in order to
counter the buckling.

lf
We have b ≥
12

b = minimum width

Lf = K*l0

K=1

L0 = column height

lf 1∗450 cm
So we haveb ≥ ≥ ≥37.5 cm
12 12

In order to illustrate the design of a column one takes an example of the design of a P2column on the first
floor, this column has a service charge of 132.57T.

P2 column design on the first floor:

Pultime = Pservice * 1.35 = 132.57*1.35 = 178.98T

Pu∗1000 kg
Ag = ' =
0.8∗0.7 ⦋ 0.85∗f c + ρ ( fy−0.85∗f ' c ) ⦌
178.98∗1000
949.72cm ²
0.8∗0.7 ⦋ 0.85∗250+0.01 ( 4200−0.85∗250 ) ⦌

We take ρ=0.01 and a=20cm :

 Ag =a*b
Ag 868.74
b= = = 47.48→ 50cm
a 20
 As = ρ * b * a = 0.01 * 20 * 50 = 10 cm ^ 2 which gives 8T14mm
For calipers we use a steel 8mm

Stirrup spacings:

S ≤ Min [16Φl; 48Φt; Min (a, b)]

IUL
7
 S ≤ Min [16x1.2; 48x0.8; Min (20,50)].
S = 20cm

The image above represents the cross section of the first-stage P2 column.

The table on the next page summarizes the different sections of the columns of the entire
building.

Column P A B As Steel Spacing

P1 - P10 77.36 40 40 16 8T16 20
Gf
P16-P18-P21 168.56 40 40 16 8T16 20
P2-P5-P6-P12-P19-P20 206.51 40 40 16 8T16 20
P3-P4-P7-P8-P11-P13-P14-
P17 252.02 40 40 16 8T16 20
P9-P15 340.18 40 50 20 8T20 20
           
Column P A B As Steel Spacing
P1 - P10 67.04 20 40 8 8T12 20
1
P16-P18-P21 146.08 20 50 10 8T14 20
P2-P5-P6-P12-P19-P20 178.98 20 50 10 8T14 20
P3-P4-P7-P8-P11-P13-P14-
P17 218.42 20 60 12 8T14 20
P9-P15 294.82 20 80 16 12T14 20
           
Column P A B As Steel Spacing
P1 - P10 67.04 20 40 8 8T12 20
2
P16-P18-P21 146.08 20 50 10 8T14 20
P2-P5-P6-P12-P19-P20 178.98 20 50 10 8T14 20
P3-P4-P7-P8-P11-P13-P14-
P17 218.42 20 60 12 8T14 20
P9-P15 294.82 20 80 16 12T14 20
3 Column P A B As Steel Spacing
P1 - P10 47.43 20 45 9 8T12 20

IUL
8
 P16-P18-P21 103.34 20 45 9 8T12 20
P2-P5-P6-P12-P19-P20 126.61 20 45 9 8T12 20
P3-P4-P7-P8-P11-P13-P14-
P17 154.51 20 45 9 8T12 20
P9-P15 208.56 20 60 12 8T14 20
           
Column P A B As Steel Spacing
P1 - P10 47.43 20 45 9 8T12 20
4
P16-P18-P21 103.34 20 45 9 8T12 20
P2-P5-P6-P12-P19-P20 126.61 20 45 9 8T12 20
P3-P4-P7-P8-P11-P13-P14-
P17 154.51 20 45 9 8T12 20
P9-P15 208.56 20 60 12 8T14 20
           
Column P A B As Steel Spacing
P1 - P10 28.18 20 40 8 8T12 20
5
P16-P18-P21 61.4 20 40 8 8T12 20
P2-P5-P6-P12-P19-P20 75.23 20 40 8 8T12 20
P3-P4-P7-P8-P11-P13-P14-
P17 91.81 20 40 8 8T12 20
P9-P15 123.92 20 40 8 8T12 20
           
Column P A B As Steel Spacing
P1 - P10 28.18 20 40 8 8T12 20
6
P16-P18-P21 61.4 20 40 8 8T12 20
P2-P5-P6-P12-P19-P20 75.23 20 40 8 8T12 20
P3-P4-P7-P8-P11-P13-P14-
P17 91.81 20 40 8 8T12 20
P9-P15 123.92 20 40 8 8T13 20
           
Column P A B As Steel Spacing
P1 - P10 9.3 20 40 8 13 20
7
P16-P18-P21 20.26 20 40 8 13 20
P2-P5-P6-P12-P19-P20 24.1 20 40 8 13 20
P3-P4-P7-P8-P11-P13-P14-
P17 30.3 20 40 8 13 20
P9-P15 40.9 20 40 8 13 20

IUL
9
 Chapter 3: Designing a foundation

Foundations are the parts of a building that transmit the loads of the building into the
ground. They represent an essential stake of its construction, because they form the
structural part which ensures its bearing and makes it possible to control the settlements
due to the loads which it applies to the ground and the infiltrations due to the possible
presence of water in the ground.

There are generally two basic types of foundations, the superficial foundations that are used
when a layer of soil capable of supporting the construction at a relatively shallow depth and
the deep foundations that are used in the case where the surface layers are too weak, loads
are transmitted through layers deep down.

In our case, they are isolated foundations that support building loads and transfer them to
the ground.

Foundation design
As an example of the design of a foundation, the foundation F2 under the columns P16 - P18 and
P21

σsol=3.5 kg/c m 2 ; PService = 186.681 T

Surface of the foundation

P total (P ¿ ¿ service)×1.1 (186.681)×1.1 ×1000
A Requi¿ = = =58671.17 cm² ¿
σsol σsol 2.5

We assume B (width of the foundation) = 200cm and we can write

A 4 58671.17
L (length of the foundation)≥ = =293.35 cm
B 200

We take L= 295cm

We have an F2 foundation F2 [L=295 – B=200] de surface Aprovided = 59000cm²

IUL
10
Calculation of the thickness of the foundation:
Shear due to flexion:

PU 1.35 × P Service 1.35× 186.681

Qu net ¿ = = =¿42.71t/m² = 4.271 kg/cm²
A Provided A Provided 4.8750

Vu = Q_ (u net) * bending surface

Bending Surface = B * ((L-a) / 2-d)

 Vu ¿ 4.271 ×150 × ( 295−40

2
−d )

=81682.875- 640.65 d
∅ V c =0.85 ׿ )
¿ 0.85 ×(0.53 √350 × 200× d)
¿ 1685.61 d

We pose Vu ≤ ∅ V c

d ≥ 42.88 cm  d = 45cm
h=d +10 cm = 45+10 =55cm

Once determined d you must check that it

is correct for punching.

Vu = Q_ (u net) * Punching surface

Punching surface = B * L - [(d + a) (d +
b)]
Vu = 221157.7 kg

∅ V c =0.85 ׿ )

IUL
11
Avec b0 = [(d+a) *2]+[(d+b)*2]
∅ V c =¿257899.3 kg

Vu<∅ V cthen d is correct.

Foundation steel
1. Long Direction:
steel is obtained by designing a beam [B * d]

x2 L−b
Mu = Qu×B× ou x = = 4.271×150׿ ¿ 6943881kg . cm
2 2

Mu 6943881
Rn¿ = =19.05
¿ B∗d 0.9∗200∗452
2

0.85∗f ' c 2∗Rn

ρ=
fy
(1− 1−
√0.85∗f ' c
)

0.85∗250 2∗17.01
ρ=
4200
(1− 1−
√
0.85∗250
)=4.691*10^-3

The value of ρ in order to be usable must be between two limit values ρ min and ρ max.

14.1
[
ρ min ¿ Max 0.0018;
fy ]
ρ max ¿ 0.75 ρb=0.75 ¿ ¿

In our case we have ρ min = 0.003357 and ρ max ¿0.01912

We have long = ρ∗B∗d =0.004691 * 200* 45 = 42.22cm² or 14T20mm

1. Short direction:
Steel is obtained by designing a beam [L * d]

x2 B−a
Mu = Qu×L× where x = = 3.054 ×325׿ ¿ 4032310 kg . cm
2 2

Mu 4032310
Rn¿ = =¿ 12.91
¿ L∗d 0.9∗295∗45 2
2

IUL
12
 0.85∗f ' c 2∗Rn
ρ=
fy √
(1− 1−
0.85∗f ' c
)

0.85∗250 2∗7.852
ρ=
4200
(1− 1−
√
0.85∗250
)= 3.145*10^-3

The value of ρ in order to be usable must be between two limit values ρ min and ρ max.

14.1
[
ρ min ¿ Max 0.0018;
fy ]
ρ max ¿ 0.75 ρb=0.75 ¿ ¿
In our case we have ρ min=0.003357 et ρ max ¿ 0.01912
We have As short == ρ∗L∗d =0.003145 * 395 * 45 =44.56 cm² ou 15T20mm

IUL
13
 Chapter 3: Designing a beam
A beam is a mechanical piece of parallelepipedic convex shape or envelope designed to
withstand bending. It is usually placed in a horizontal position, where it is used to
support loads above the void, the weight of the building and the furniture, and to
transmit them on the side to the posts or the elements on which it is supported.
Our building on each of its floors has 4 main beams going from left to right of the
apartment. Each of these beams is in turn subdivided into several sub-beams according
to the form (impossibility of continuity) or necessity.

In order to design our beams we drew in the plane, the starting sections of these beams,
then we determined the widths supported by each of these beams.

Higher up in the document, we have determined the surface load supported by these
beams, to multiply the width supported by this load allows us to obtain WS the linear
load on the beam.
We enter in the ETABS-9 software the beam data in order to obtain the moment and
shear diagrams of our different beams

The image above shows with the line in pink the distribution of the widths supported by the different beams.

To explain the design of a beam we will take as an example a section of the beam B4.

IUL
14
On spans 1 and 2: Ws= α x 2.7m = 1.08 x 2.7m = 2.916 t/m

Wu= 1.35 x Ws = 1.35 x 2.646 = 3.9366 t/m

On spans 3 and 4: Ws= α x 2.27m = 1.08 x 2.27 = 2.4516t/m

Wu= 1.35 x Ws = 1.35 x 2.4516 = 3.301t/m

The values obtained in the ETABS software are entered in order to obtain moment and shear
diagrams.

On spans 1 and 2 we use Mu = 7. 65t.m for bottom steel and Mu = 10.2t.m for top steel

On spans 3 and 4 we use Mu = 4.25t.m for the bottom steel and Mu = 5.24t.m for the top steel

Design for the positive moment Mu = 7.65t.m

IUL
15
Mu=765000kg.cm

Mu 765000
Rn¿ = =¿35.416
¿ B∗d 0.9∗60∗202
2

0.85∗f ' c 2∗Rn

ρ=
fy √
(1− 1−
0.85∗f ' c
)

0.85∗350 2∗35.416
ρ=
4200
(1− 1−
√
0.85∗350
)= 0.009005

The value of ρ in order to be usable must be between two limit values ρ min et ρ max.

14.1
[
ρ min ¿ Max 0.0018;
fy ]
0.85∗β∗f ' c 6120
ρ max ¿ 0.75 ρb=0.75 [ ¿¿ ]¿
fy 6120+ fy

In our case we have ρ min=0.003357 et ρ max ¿ 0.01912

We have As = ρ∗B∗d =¿0.009005* 60 * 20= 10.806cm² or 6T16mm

The following table summarizes the calculations of the beams of the project

IUL
16
Beam characteristics b h d Mu Rn ro As

B1 first span top 80 25 20 956000 33.19444 0.008402 13.44274

B1 first span bot 80 25 20 626000 21.73611 0.00538 8.607269

B1 other spans top 80 25 20 680000 23.61111 0.005864 9.383135

B1 other spans bot 80 25 20 324000 11.25 0.002731 5.371429

B1 cantilever moment 80 25 20 729000 25.3125 0.006308 10.09221

B2 top 80 25 20 976000 33.88889 0.00859 13.74334

B2 first two spans bot 80 25 20 572000 19.86111 0.004898 7.837109

B2 last span bot 80 25 20 1186000 41.18056 0.010598 16.95628

B2 last span top 80 25 20 1508000 52.36111 0.013814 22.10229

B3 first span bot 80 25 20 418000 14.51389 0.003544 5.670983

B3 second span bot 80 25 20 1390000 48.26389 0.012615 20.18348

B3 third span bot 80 25 20 762000 26.45833 0.006608 10.5725

B3 third span top 80 25 20 927000 32.1875 0.00813 13.00846

B3 last two bot 80 25 20 226000 7.847222 0.001894 5.371429

B3 last two top 80 25 20 233000 8.090278 0.001953 5.371429

B4-1 first span bot 60 25 20 75000 3.472222 0.000832 4.028571

B4-1 second span bot 60 25 20 765000 35.41667 0.009005 10.80592

B4-1 top 60 25 20 1020000 47.22222 0.012314 14.77643

B4-2 bot 60 25 20 425000 19.67593 0.004851 5.821012

B4-2 top 60 25 20 524000 24.25926 0.006033 7.239514

IUL
17
In places where  is displayed in red, this one is too small and so min is used to
perform the calculation.
The following images are the diagrams of moments and shear forces of the remaining beams.

B1-moment

B1-Shear

B2-moment

B2-Shear

IUL
18
 B3-moment

B3-Shear

Shear force diagrams are used to calculate the spacing of the stirrups to be placed in the beam to counter the
shear in the beam.

Vu≤ ∅ (Vc+ Vs)

Vc
SiVu≤ ∅ stirrups are not necessary.
2

Vc
Si∅ ≤Vu ≤ ∅ Vcwe are in a case of maximum spacing
2

Av 3.5bw d π∗∅ t 2∗2 n Where n: number of frames

k= = s ≤ Min[ ; 61 cm ]
s fyt 2 4∗K

SiVu≥ ∅ Vc

siVs> 4 Vc * The section is not correct.

Av Vs 3.5∗bw
siVs< 4 Vc * K= = Max [ ; ]
s fyt∗d fyt

The spacing S is then obtained

π∗∅ t 2∗2n d
siVs> 2Vc * S ≤ Min [ 4∗K
; ; 61 cm
2 ]
π∗∅ t 2∗2n d
siVs< 2Vc * S ≤ Min [ 4∗K
; ; 60 cm
4 ]
Our beams all have stirrups spaced 10cm apart.

IUL
19
 Chapter 4: Rib Design
A rib is essentially a beam, it can transmit the loads of the slab to the main beams and then
to the poles and building infrastructure.

IUL
20
The working method varies slightly with the rib because we know in advance what slab
width it supports.

Earlier in the document the alpha load factor was calculated.

The longest rib is selected on the plane. This "sample" will be used once and the values
obtained will be applied to the set of ribs.

Digital Application :
Ws = 0.59t/m

The values obtained in the ETABS software are entered in order to obtain moment and
shear diagrams.

Mu = 0.45 tm for the bottom steel and Mu = 2.17 tm for the upper steel.

Design for the positive moment Mu = 0.45t.m

Mu 45000
Rn¿ = =5.33
¿ B∗d 0.9∗15∗25²
2

0.85∗f ' c 2∗Rn

ρ=
fy √
(1− 1−
0.85∗f ' c
)

0.85∗250 2∗5.33
ρ=
4200 √
(1− 1−
0.85∗250
)= 0.0012855 < ρ min 0.003357

The value of ρ in order to be usable must be between two limit values ρ min and ρ max.

IUL
21
 14.1
[
ρ min ¿ Max 0.0018;
fy ]
0.85∗β∗f ' c 6120
ρ max ¿ 0.75 ρb=0.75 [ ¿¿ ]¿
fy 6120+ fy
In our case we have ρ min=0.003357 andρ max ¿ 0.01912

We have As = ρ∗B∗d =0.003357* 25* 15= 1.258875 or 2T12mm.

The same process for the negative moment gives us 2T14mm.

IUL
22