Mid Term Exam 2

Addis Ababa University, Technology Faculty
Civil Engineering Department

Transport Engineering (CEng – 485)
Mid Semester Examination
Time allotted: 3hrs (1:50 P.M- 4:50 P.M) February 28, 2006
Examination is closed book.
Part I – Theoretical questions
Instruction:
In this part, 10 theoretical questions are given and you are required to answer five of the
given theoretical questions. From the first 8 questions choose and attempt three questions
only, and the last two questions (question No. 9 and 10) are compulsory.
1. Briefly discuss the basic factors that influence/affect transportation development.

2. Discuss the roles of planning in transportation.
3. Discuss briefly, why the public involvement in transportation planning process is
essential?
4. Describe the residual cost of capital and how it will be considered in the cost benefit
analysis of economic evaluation of the different transport alternatives.
5. Define and briefly discuss the demand management approach of the traffic planning
strategy.
6. What are the basic factors that influence travel demand? Briefly discuss how these
factors affect/influence the travel demand.
7. Describe the steps in the travel forecast process.
8. Describe shortly the sensitivity analysis of economic evaluation.
The following two questions are compulsory.
9. With a brief description, recommend relevant (applicable to our condition)

infrastructure, management and information provision measures to Addis Ababa
city bus transport system in order to enhance the current service level.
10.If you are assigned as a transport planner to develop a transport plan for a certain
area on a specific transport issue or problem, what are the basic steps/elements
that you will follow in your planning process? Discuss each element briefly.
Part II
Instruction: attempt all the questions given herein below.
1. In a city with 4 zones the following total zonal trip data obtained from the trip
generation/production models, and the travel time between zones and the
corresponding value of the time inverse function (Fij) is also given below:
Traffic Zones
1 2 3 4
Total trip Production 200 150 250 200
Total trip attraction 100 200 200 300
Zone 1 2 3 4
t F t F t F t F
1 2 25 4 40 2 25 7 65
2 4 40 3 35 2 25 6 55
3 2 25 2 25 2 25 4 40
4 7 65 6 55 4 40 3 35
Assume Kij value to be the same for all the four zones.
Based on the data provided above answer the following questions:
a. Using the gravity model of trip distribution, distribute the zonal total
productions and attractions into a zone to zone trips (develop O-D matrix).
b. Adjust the trip matrix until the difference between the actual and the
computed total values close sufficiently (until it reaches 5%) or the ratio is
close to one.
c. Most of the trips from zone one to zone two is made by the two dominant
modes bus and private car and their corresponding utility functions of each
mode is given as:
U car = 0.8 – 0.4Tt –0.05Tc

U bus = -0.08 – 0.2Tt –0.05Tc
And the travel characteristics between zone one and zone two is:
Car Bus
Tt (Total travel time)) 10 20
Tc (Travel cost) 0.8 0.6
Calculate the number of trips from zone one to zone two made by each
mode.
d. Load the network for trips from zone one to the other three zone if the
hypothetical link to node network is given as shown below:
1 2
4
1. The Ethiopian Roads Authority has planned to upgrade the existing 100km two
way two lane gravel road of width 6m into an asphalt concrete surfaced road of
width 7m with a certain geometric realignment, and due to the realignment there
is a 10km reduction of distance and an expected accident rate reduction of 40%
from the existing conditions.
To perform economic evaluation (cost benefit analysis) for the planned condition,
the following data and assumptions are given:
Existing Condition Planned Condition

Length: 100km Length: 90km
Traffic volume: 400veh/day Traffic volume: 700veh/day
Accident rate: 2 accidents per Traffic growth rate after the 15th year
one million vehicle kilometer. for the existing traffic: 5%/annum
Average Accident cost per Accident rate: 2.5 accidents per one
incident: 20,000 birr million vehicle kilometer.
Routine maintenance cost: 800 Average Accident cost per incident:
birr/km/annum 20,000 birr
Periodic maintenance cost: Routine maintenance cost: 1500
15,000 birr/km/every three birr/km/annum
year Periodic maintenance cost: 40,000
Travel time: 2hrs birr/km/every five year
Travel cost: 0.1birr/km Travel time: 1.3 hrs
Travel cost: 0.07birr/km
Construction cost: 5 million birr/km
Construction period 3 years and costs
are equally distributed over the
construction period.
Construction period: 2007 – 2009
• Year of comparison: 2010

• For your analysis purpose, assume no yearly growth on existing and induced
traffic until the 15th year after the new road is opened.
• Assume Value of time: 4 Birr/hr
• Period for economic analysis: 20 years.
• Assume the lifetime of planned road: 30 years
• Assume interest rate of : 7%
• Assume the…………………………….
• Assume cost no routine maintenance cost during the periods of maintenance
is also identical year to year in the analysis period.
Based on the above data and assumptions answer the following questions
a. Calculate user benefit on the first year after opening of the new planned
road.
b. Calculate change in accident costs first year after opening of new planned
road.
c. Calculate net present value for the planned project and comment on the
economic viability/ feasibility of the project.
Instructor: Samson Gurji

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Addis Ababa University, Technology Faculty

Civil Engineering Department

Part I – Theoretical questions

1. Briefly discuss the basic factors that influence/affect transportation development.

The following two questions are compulsory.

9. With a brief description, recommend relevant (applicable to our condition)

Instruction: attempt all the questions given herein below.

Based on the data provided above answer the following questions:

U car = 0.8 – 0.4Tt –0.05Tc

Tt (Total travel time)) 10 20

Tc (Travel cost) 0.8 0.6

Existing Condition Planned Condition

• Year of comparison: 2010

Instructor: Samson Gurji

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